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0001 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Creative Commons
0002 Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and does not provide legal
0003 services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses
0004 does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. Creative Commons makes
0005 its licenses and related information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative
0006 Commons gives no warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed
0007 under their terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
0008 disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the fullest
0009 extent possible.
0010 
0011 Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
0012 
0013 Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and conditions
0014 that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of
0015 authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights
0016 specified in the public license below. The following considerations are for
0017 informational purposes only, are not exhaustive, and do not form part of our
0018 licenses.
0019 
0020 Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are intended for use by
0021 those authorized to give the public permission to use material in ways otherwise
0022 restricted by copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are irrevocable.
0023 Licensors should read and understand the terms and conditions of the license
0024 they choose before applying it. Licensors should also secure all rights necessary
0025 before applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the material as
0026 expected. Licensors should clearly mark any material not subject to the license.
0027 This includes other CC-licensed material, or material used under an exception
0028 or limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors : wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
0029 
0030 Considerations for the public: By using one of our public licenses, a licensor
0031 grants the public permission to use the licensed material under specified
0032 terms and conditions. If the licensor's permission is not necessary for any
0033 reason–for example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to copyright–then
0034 that use is not regulated by the license. Our licenses grant only permissions
0035 under copyright and certain other rights that a licensor has authority to
0036 grant. Use of the licensed material may still be restricted for other reasons,
0037 including because others have copyright or other rights in the material. A
0038 licensor may make special requests, such as asking that all changes be marked
0039 or described.
0040 
0041 Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to respect those
0042 requests where reasonable. More considerations for the public : wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
0043 
0044 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License
0045 
0046 By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to
0047 be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
0048 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public
0049 License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights
0050 in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the
0051 Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor
0052 receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
0053 conditions.
0054 
0055 Section 1 – Definitions.
0056 
0057 a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights
0058 that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the
0059 Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise
0060 modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar
0061 Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the
0062 Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted
0063 Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed
0064 relation with a moving image.
0065 
0066 b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar
0067 Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms
0068 and conditions of this Public License.
0069 
0070 c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses,
0071 approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public
0072 License.
0073 
0074 d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely
0075 related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast,
0076 sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the
0077 rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the
0078 rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.
0079 
0080 e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence
0081 of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations
0082 under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996,
0083 and/or similar international agreements.
0084 
0085 f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other
0086 exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your
0087 use of the Licensed Material.
0088 
0089 g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative
0090 Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution
0091 and ShareAlike.
0092 
0093 h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other
0094 material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.
0095 
0096 i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and
0097 conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and
0098 Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the
0099 Licensor has authority to license.
0100 
0101 j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this
0102 Public License.
0103 
0104 k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that
0105 requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public
0106 display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or
0107 importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways
0108 that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time
0109 individually chosen by them.
0110 
0111 l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting
0112 from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11
0113 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded,
0114 as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
0115 
0116 m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under
0117 this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
0118 
0119 Section 2 – Scope.
0120 
0121    a. License grant.
0122 
0123 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor
0124 hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive,
0125 irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material
0126 to:
0127 
0128          A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and
0129 
0130          B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
0131 
0132 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions
0133 and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and
0134 You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.
0135 
0136       3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).
0137 
0138 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes
0139 You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known
0140 or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do
0141 so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority
0142 to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the
0143 Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent
0144 Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply
0145 making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted
0146 Material.
0147 
0148       5. Downstream recipients.
0149 
0150 A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed
0151 Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
0152 Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.
0153 
0154 B. Additional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient
0155 of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor
0156 to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions
0157 of the Adapter's License You apply.
0158 
0159 C. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional
0160 or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
0161 Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed
0162 Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.
0163 
0164 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed
0165 as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed
0166 Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status
0167 by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in
0168 Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
0169 
0170    b. Other rights.
0171 
0172 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this
0173 Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality
0174 rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees
0175 not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary
0176 to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.
0177 
0178 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.
0179 
0180 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties
0181 from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through
0182 a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
0183 licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right
0184 to collect such royalties.
0185 
0186 Section 3 – License Conditions.
0187 
0188 Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following
0189 conditions.
0190 
0191    a. Attribution.
0192 
0193 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:
0194 
0195 A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed
0196 Material:
0197 
0198 i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others
0199 designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the
0200 Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
0201 
0202             ii. a copyright notice;
0203 
0204             iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
0205 
0206             iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
0207 
0208 v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;
0209 
0210 B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication
0211 of any previous modifications; and
0212 
0213 C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and
0214 include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.
0215 
0216 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner
0217 based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material.
0218 For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a
0219 URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.
0220 
0221 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required
0222 by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.
0223 
0224 b. ShareAlike.In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
0225 Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
0226 
0227 1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with
0228 the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
0229 
0230 2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's
0231 License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner
0232 based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.
0233 
0234 3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions
0235 on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that
0236 restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
0237 
0238 Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.
0239 
0240 Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to
0241 Your use of the Licensed Material:
0242 
0243 a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract,
0244 reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of
0245 the database;
0246 
0247 b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in
0248 a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database
0249 in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents)
0250 is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
0251 
0252 c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or
0253 a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
0254 
0255 For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace
0256 Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include
0257 other Copyright and Similar Rights.
0258 
0259 Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
0260 
0261 a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible,
0262 the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes
0263 no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material,
0264 whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation,
0265 warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement,
0266 absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of
0267 errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties
0268 are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.
0269 
0270 b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You
0271 on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise
0272 for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary,
0273 or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License
0274 or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of
0275 the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation
0276 of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply
0277 to You.
0278 
0279 c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above
0280 shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely
0281 approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.
0282 
0283 Section 6 – Term and Termination.
0284 
0285 a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights
0286 licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then
0287 Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.
0288 
0289 b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section
0290 6(a), it reinstates:
0291 
0292 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured
0293 within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or
0294 
0295       2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
0296 
0297 c. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right
0298 the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public
0299 License.
0300 
0301 d. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material
0302 under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material
0303 at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.
0304 
0305    e. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.
0306 
0307 Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.
0308 
0309 a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or
0310 conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
0311 
0312 b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed
0313 Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms
0314 and conditions of this Public License.
0315 
0316 Section 8 – Interpretation.
0317 
0318 a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not
0319 be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use
0320 of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under
0321 this Public License.
0322 
0323 b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed
0324 unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary
0325 to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed
0326 from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining
0327 terms and conditions.
0328 
0329 c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure
0330 to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.
0331 
0332 d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation
0333 upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor
0334 or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
0335 
0336 Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative
0337 Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes
0338 and in those instances will be considered the "Licensor." The text of the
0339 Creative Commons public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the
0340 CC0 Public Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating
0341 that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise
0342 permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies,
0343 Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark "Creative Commons"
0344 or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written
0345 consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized
0346 modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings,
0347 or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt,
0348 this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses.
0349 
0350 Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.