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0001 FN ISI Export Format 0002 VR 1.0 0003 PT J 0004 AU [Anon] 0005 TI DARPA dreaming 0006 SO NATURE 0007 LA English 0008 DT Editorial Material 0009 NR 0 0010 TC 0 0011 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0012 PI LONDON 0013 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0014 SN 0028-0836 0015 J9 NATURE 0016 JI Nature 0017 PD NOV 10 0018 PY 2005 0019 VL 438 0020 IS 7065 0021 BP 129 0022 EP 129 0023 PG 1 0024 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0025 GA 982BV 0026 UT ISI:000233133500001 0027 ER 0028 0029 PT J 0030 AU [Anon] 0031 TI A less toxic solution 0032 SO NATURE 0033 LA English 0034 DT Editorial Material 0035 NR 0 0036 TC 0 0037 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0038 PI LONDON 0039 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0040 SN 0028-0836 0041 J9 NATURE 0042 JI Nature 0043 PD NOV 10 0044 PY 2005 0045 VL 438 0046 IS 7065 0047 BP 129 0048 EP 130 0049 PG 2 0050 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0051 GA 982BV 0052 UT ISI:000233133500002 0053 ER 0054 0055 PT J 0056 AU [Anon] 0057 TI Flu in circulation 0058 SO NATURE 0059 LA English 0060 DT Editorial Material 0061 NR 0 0062 TC 0 0063 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0064 PI LONDON 0065 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0066 SN 0028-0836 0067 J9 NATURE 0068 JI Nature 0069 PD NOV 10 0070 PY 2005 0071 VL 438 0072 IS 7065 0073 BP 130 0074 EP 130 0075 PG 1 0076 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0077 GA 982BV 0078 UT ISI:000233133500003 0079 ER 0080 0081 PT J 0082 AU von Bubnoff, A 0083 TI Deadly flu virus can be sent through the mail 0084 SO NATURE 0085 LA English 0086 DT News Item 0087 NR 3 0088 TC 0 0089 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0090 PI LONDON 0091 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0092 SN 0028-0836 0093 J9 NATURE 0094 JI Nature 0095 PD NOV 10 0096 PY 2005 0097 VL 438 0098 IS 7065 0099 BP 134 0100 EP 135 0101 PG 2 0102 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0103 GA 982BV 0104 UT ISI:000233133500004 0105 ER 0106 0107 PT J 0108 AU von Bubnoff, A 0109 TI How bad would it be if the virus escaped? 0110 SO NATURE 0111 LA English 0112 DT News Item 0113 NR 0 0114 TC 0 0115 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0116 PI LONDON 0117 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0118 SN 0028-0836 0119 J9 NATURE 0120 JI Nature 0121 PD NOV 10 0122 PY 2005 0123 VL 438 0124 IS 7065 0125 BP 134 0126 EP 134 0127 PG 1 0128 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0129 GA 982BV 0130 UT ISI:000233133500005 0131 ER 0132 0133 PT J 0134 AU Cyranoski, D 0135 TI Far East lays plans to be stem-cell hotspot 0136 SO NATURE 0137 LA English 0138 DT News Item 0139 NR 2 0140 TC 0 0141 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0142 PI LONDON 0143 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0144 SN 0028-0836 0145 J9 NATURE 0146 JI Nature 0147 PD NOV 10 0148 PY 2005 0149 VL 438 0150 IS 7065 0151 BP 135 0152 EP 135 0153 PG 1 0154 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0155 GA 982BV 0156 UT ISI:000233133500006 0157 ER 0158 0159 PT J 0160 AU Giles, J 0161 TI Researchers break the rules in frustration at review boards 0162 SO NATURE 0163 LA English 0164 DT News Item 0165 NR 2 0166 TC 0 0167 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0168 PI LONDON 0169 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0170 SN 0028-0836 0171 J9 NATURE 0172 JI Nature 0173 PD NOV 10 0174 PY 2005 0175 VL 438 0176 IS 7065 0177 BP 136 0178 EP 137 0179 PG 2 0180 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0181 GA 982BV 0182 UT ISI:000233133500007 0183 ER 0184 0185 PT J 0186 AU Brumfiel, G 0187 TI Boeing strike leaves satellites stranded on launch pad 0188 SO NATURE 0189 LA English 0190 DT News Item 0191 NR 1 0192 TC 0 0193 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0194 PI LONDON 0195 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0196 SN 0028-0836 0197 J9 NATURE 0198 JI Nature 0199 PD NOV 10 0200 PY 2005 0201 VL 438 0202 IS 7065 0203 BP 137 0204 EP 137 0205 PG 1 0206 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0207 GA 982BV 0208 UT ISI:000233133500008 0209 ER 0210 0211 PT J 0212 AU Ball, P 0213 TI Antigravity craft slips past patent officers 0214 SO NATURE 0215 LA English 0216 DT News Item 0217 NR 0 0218 TC 0 0219 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0220 PI LONDON 0221 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0222 SN 0028-0836 0223 J9 NATURE 0224 JI Nature 0225 PD NOV 10 0226 PY 2005 0227 VL 438 0228 IS 7065 0229 BP 139 0230 EP 139 0231 PG 1 0232 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0233 GA 982BV 0234 UT ISI:000233133500009 0235 ER 0236 0237 PT J 0238 AU Brumfiel, G 0239 TI Bush buries US bunker-buster project 0240 SO NATURE 0241 LA English 0242 DT News Item 0243 NR 2 0244 TC 0 0245 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0246 PI LONDON 0247 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0248 SN 0028-0836 0249 J9 NATURE 0250 JI Nature 0251 PD NOV 10 0252 PY 2005 0253 VL 438 0254 IS 7065 0255 BP 139 0256 EP 139 0257 PG 1 0258 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0259 GA 982BV 0260 UT ISI:000233133500010 0261 ER 0262 0263 PT J 0264 AU Dalton, R 0265 TI Congress attacked over species bill 0266 SO NATURE 0267 LA English 0268 DT News Item 0269 NR 1 0270 TC 0 0271 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0272 PI LONDON 0273 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0274 SN 0028-0836 0275 J9 NATURE 0276 JI Nature 0277 PD NOV 10 0278 PY 2005 0279 VL 438 0280 IS 7065 0281 BP 140 0282 EP 141 0283 PG 2 0284 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0285 GA 982BV 0286 UT ISI:000233133500011 0287 ER 0288 0289 PT J 0290 AU Abbott, A 0291 TI More than a cosmetic change 0292 SO NATURE 0293 LA English 0294 DT News Item 0295 ID EYE 0296 NR 4 0297 TC 0 0298 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0299 PI LONDON 0300 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0301 SN 0028-0836 0302 J9 NATURE 0303 JI Nature 0304 PD NOV 10 0305 PY 2005 0306 VL 438 0307 IS 7065 0308 BP 144 0309 EP 146 0310 PG 3 0311 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0312 GA 982BV 0313 UT ISI:000233133500012 0314 ER 0315 0316 PT J 0317 AU [Anon] 0318 TI The validation game 0319 SO NATURE 0320 LA English 0321 DT News Item 0322 NR 0 0323 TC 0 0324 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0325 PI LONDON 0326 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0327 SN 0028-0836 0328 J9 NATURE 0329 JI Nature 0330 PD NOV 10 0331 PY 2005 0332 VL 438 0333 IS 7065 0334 BP 146 0335 EP 146 0336 PG 1 0337 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0338 GA 982BV 0339 UT ISI:000233133500013 0340 ER 0341 0342 PT J 0343 AU Ebert, J 0344 TI Tongue tied 0345 SO NATURE 0346 LA English 0347 DT News Item 0348 NR 3 0349 TC 0 0350 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0351 PI LONDON 0352 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0353 SN 0028-0836 0354 J9 NATURE 0355 JI Nature 0356 PD NOV 10 0357 PY 2005 0358 VL 438 0359 IS 7065 0360 BP 148 0361 EP 149 0362 PG 2 0363 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0364 GA 982BV 0365 UT ISI:000233133500014 0366 ER 0367 0368 PT J 0369 AU Dennis, C 0370 TI All in the mind of a mouse 0371 SO NATURE 0372 LA English 0373 DT News Item 0374 ID MICE; BEHAVIOR 0375 NR 7 0376 TC 0 0377 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0378 PI LONDON 0379 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0380 SN 0028-0836 0381 J9 NATURE 0382 JI Nature 0383 PD NOV 10 0384 PY 2005 0385 VL 438 0386 IS 7065 0387 BP 151 0388 EP 152 0389 PG 2 0390 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0391 GA 982BV 0392 UT ISI:000233133500015 0393 ER 0394 0395 PT J 0396 AU Wadman, M 0397 TI Path to approval proves rocky for copycat biodrugs 0398 SO NATURE 0399 LA English 0400 DT News Item 0401 NR 0 0402 TC 0 0403 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0404 PI LONDON 0405 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0406 SN 0028-0836 0407 J9 NATURE 0408 JI Nature 0409 PD NOV 10 0410 PY 2005 0411 VL 438 0412 IS 7065 0413 BP 154 0414 EP 155 0415 PG 2 0416 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0417 GA 982BV 0418 UT ISI:000233133500016 0419 ER 0420 0421 PT J 0422 AU Macilwain, C 0423 TI Market watch - Nanotechnology stocks 0424 SO NATURE 0425 LA English 0426 DT News Item 0427 NR 0 0428 TC 0 0429 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0430 PI LONDON 0431 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0432 SN 0028-0836 0433 J9 NATURE 0434 JI Nature 0435 PD NOV 10 0436 PY 2005 0437 VL 438 0438 IS 7065 0439 BP 155 0440 EP 155 0441 PG 1 0442 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0443 GA 982BV 0444 UT ISI:000233133500017 0445 ER 0446 0447 PT J 0448 AU Ibisch, PL 0449 Jennings, MD 0450 Kreft, S 0451 TI Biodiversity needs the help of global change managers, not 0452 museum-keepers 0453 SO NATURE 0454 LA English 0455 DT Letter 0456 C1 Univ Appl Sci Eberswalde, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. 0457 Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Approach Team, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. 0458 RP Ibisch, PL, Univ Appl Sci Eberswalde, Alfred Moller Str 1, D-16225 0459 Eberswalde, Germany. 0460 NR 2 0461 TC 0 0462 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0463 PI LONDON 0464 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0465 SN 0028-0836 0466 J9 NATURE 0467 JI Nature 0468 PD NOV 10 0469 PY 2005 0470 VL 438 0471 IS 7065 0472 BP 156 0473 EP 156 0474 PG 1 0475 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0476 GA 982BV 0477 UT ISI:000233133500018 0478 ER 0479 0480 PT J 0481 AU Gerlach, J 0482 TI Biodiversity: journals must take a broader view 0483 SO NATURE 0484 LA English 0485 DT Letter 0486 C1 Univ Museum Zool, Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. 0487 RP Gerlach, J, Univ Museum Zool, Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Downing St, 0488 Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. 0489 NR 1 0490 TC 0 0491 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0492 PI LONDON 0493 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0494 SN 0028-0836 0495 J9 NATURE 0496 JI Nature 0497 PD NOV 10 0498 PY 2005 0499 VL 438 0500 IS 7065 0501 BP 156 0502 EP 156 0503 PG 1 0504 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0505 GA 982BV 0506 UT ISI:000233133500019 0507 ER 0508 0509 PT J 0510 AU Hartt, L 0511 TI Biodiversity: saving Florida panther makes sense 0512 SO NATURE 0513 LA English 0514 DT Letter 0515 C1 Natl Wildlife Federat, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. 0516 RP Hartt, L, Natl Wildlife Federat, 1330 W Peachtree St,Suite 475, 0517 Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. 0518 NR 1 0519 TC 0 0520 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0521 PI LONDON 0522 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0523 SN 0028-0836 0524 J9 NATURE 0525 JI Nature 0526 PD NOV 10 0527 PY 2005 0528 VL 438 0529 IS 7065 0530 BP 156 0531 EP 156 0532 PG 1 0533 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0534 GA 982BV 0535 UT ISI:000233133500020 0536 ER 0537 0538 PT J 0539 AU Hoffmann, G 0540 TI Thin ice: Unlocking the secrets of climate in the world's highest 0541 mountains 0542 SO NATURE 0543 LA English 0544 DT Book Review 0545 C1 CEA, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 0546 RP Hoffmann, G, CEA, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 0547 NR 1 0548 TC 0 0549 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0550 PI LONDON 0551 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0552 SN 0028-0836 0553 J9 NATURE 0554 JI Nature 0555 PD NOV 10 0556 PY 2005 0557 VL 438 0558 IS 7065 0559 BP 157 0560 EP 157 0561 PG 1 0562 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0563 GA 982BV 0564 UT ISI:000233133500021 0565 ER 0566 0567 PT J 0568 AU Hughes, DW 0569 TI Fatal attraction: Magnetic mysteries and the enlightenment 0570 SO NATURE 0571 LA English 0572 DT Book Review 0573 C1 Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. 0574 RP Hughes, DW, Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. 0575 NR 1 0576 TC 0 0577 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0578 PI LONDON 0579 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0580 SN 0028-0836 0581 J9 NATURE 0582 JI Nature 0583 PD NOV 10 0584 PY 2005 0585 VL 438 0586 IS 7065 0587 BP 158 0588 EP 158 0589 PG 1 0590 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0591 GA 982BV 0592 UT ISI:000233133500022 0593 ER 0594 0595 PT J 0596 AU Cornwell, J 0597 TI Between genius and genocide: The tragedy of Fritz Haber, father of 0598 chemical warfare 0599 SO NATURE 0600 LA English 0601 DT Book Review 0602 C1 Jesus Coll, Sci & Human Dimens Project, Cambridge, England. 0603 RP Cornwell, J, Jesus Coll, Sci & Human Dimens Project, Cambridge, England. 0604 NR 1 0605 TC 0 0606 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0607 PI LONDON 0608 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0609 SN 0028-0836 0610 J9 NATURE 0611 JI Nature 0612 PD NOV 10 0613 PY 2005 0614 VL 438 0615 IS 7065 0616 BP 158 0617 EP 159 0618 PG 2 0619 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0620 GA 982BV 0621 UT ISI:000233133500023 0622 ER 0623 0624 PT J 0625 AU Al-Khalili, J 0626 TI A briefer history of time 0627 SO NATURE 0628 LA English 0629 DT Book Review 0630 C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. 0631 RP Al-Khalili, J, Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England. 0632 NR 1 0633 TC 0 0634 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0635 PI LONDON 0636 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0637 SN 0028-0836 0638 J9 NATURE 0639 JI Nature 0640 PD NOV 10 0641 PY 2005 0642 VL 438 0643 IS 7065 0644 BP 159 0645 EP + 0646 PG 2 0647 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0648 GA 982BV 0649 UT ISI:000233133500024 0650 ER 0651 0652 PT J 0653 AU Kevles, DJ 0654 TI Victory and vexation in science: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and others 0655 SO NATURE 0656 LA English 0657 DT Book Review 0658 C1 Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 0659 RP Kevles, DJ, Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 0660 NR 1 0661 TC 0 0662 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0663 PI LONDON 0664 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0665 SN 0028-0836 0666 J9 NATURE 0667 JI Nature 0668 PD NOV 10 0669 PY 2005 0670 VL 438 0671 IS 7065 0672 BP 161 0673 EP 162 0674 PG 2 0675 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0676 GA 982BV 0677 UT ISI:000233133500025 0678 ER 0679 0680 PT J 0681 AU Lythgoe, M 0682 TI The creating brain: The neuroscience of genius 0683 SO NATURE 0684 LA English 0685 DT Book Review 0686 C1 Inst Child Hlth, Radiol & Phys Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England. 0687 RP Lythgoe, M, Inst Child Hlth, Radiol & Phys Unit, 30 Guilford St, London 0688 WC1N 1EH, England. 0689 NR 1 0690 TC 0 0691 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0692 PI LONDON 0693 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0694 SN 0028-0836 0695 J9 NATURE 0696 JI Nature 0697 PD NOV 10 0698 PY 2005 0699 VL 438 0700 IS 7065 0701 BP 162 0702 EP 163 0703 PG 2 0704 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0705 GA 982BV 0706 UT ISI:000233133500026 0707 ER 0708 0709 PT J 0710 AU Clack, J 0711 TI Discovering Dorothea: The life of the pioneering fossil-hunter Dorothea 0712 Bate 0713 SO NATURE 0714 LA English 0715 DT Book Review 0716 C1 Univ Museum Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. 0717 RP Clack, J, Univ Museum Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. 0718 NR 1 0719 TC 0 0720 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0721 PI LONDON 0722 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0723 SN 0028-0836 0724 J9 NATURE 0725 JI Nature 0726 PD NOV 10 0727 PY 2005 0728 VL 438 0729 IS 7065 0730 BP 163 0731 EP + 0732 PG 2 0733 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0734 GA 982BV 0735 UT ISI:000233133500027 0736 ER 0737 0738 PT J 0739 AU Charlson, RJ 0740 TI Plows, plagues and petroleum: How humans took control of climate 0741 SO NATURE 0742 LA English 0743 DT Book Review 0744 C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. 0745 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. 0746 RP Charlson, RJ, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98125 0747 USA. 0748 NR 1 0749 TC 0 0750 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0751 PI LONDON 0752 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0753 SN 0028-0836 0754 J9 NATURE 0755 JI Nature 0756 PD NOV 10 0757 PY 2005 0758 VL 438 0759 IS 7065 0760 BP 165 0761 EP 166 0762 PG 2 0763 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0764 GA 982BV 0765 UT ISI:000233133500028 0766 ER 0767 0768 PT J 0769 AU Alexander, RM 0770 TI The gecko's foot. Bio-inspiration: Engineered from nature 0771 SO NATURE 0772 LA English 0773 DT Book Review 0774 C1 Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. 0775 RP Alexander, RM, Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Miall Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W 0776 Yorkshire, England. 0777 NR 1 0778 TC 0 0779 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0780 PI LONDON 0781 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0782 SN 0028-0836 0783 J9 NATURE 0784 JI Nature 0785 PD NOV 10 0786 PY 2005 0787 VL 438 0788 IS 7065 0789 BP 166 0790 EP 166 0791 PG 1 0792 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0793 GA 982BV 0794 UT ISI:000233133500029 0795 ER 0796 0797 PT J 0798 AU Czajkowski, C 0799 TI Neurobiology - Triggers for channel opening 0800 SO NATURE 0801 LA English 0802 DT Editorial Material 0803 ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; LOOP 0804 C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Madison, WI 53711 USA. 0805 RP Czajkowski, C, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, 601 Sci Dr, Madison, WI 0806 53711 USA. 0807 EM czajkowski@physiology.wisc.edu 0808 NR 12 0809 TC 0 0810 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0811 PI LONDON 0812 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0813 SN 0028-0836 0814 J9 NATURE 0815 JI Nature 0816 PD NOV 10 0817 PY 2005 0818 VL 438 0819 IS 7065 0820 BP 167 0821 EP 168 0822 PG 2 0823 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0824 GA 982BV 0825 UT ISI:000233133500030 0826 ER 0827 0828 PT J 0829 AU Kane, CL 0830 TI Materials science - Erasing electron mass 0831 SO NATURE 0832 LA English 0833 DT Editorial Material 0834 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 0835 RP Kane, CL, Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, 0836 PA 19104 USA. 0837 EM kane@physics.upenn.edu 0838 NR 3 0839 TC 0 0840 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0841 PI LONDON 0842 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0843 SN 0028-0836 0844 J9 NATURE 0845 JI Nature 0846 PD NOV 10 0847 PY 2005 0848 VL 438 0849 IS 7065 0850 BP 168 0851 EP + 0852 PG 2 0853 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0854 GA 982BV 0855 UT ISI:000233133500031 0856 ER 0857 0858 PT J 0859 AU Buckling, A 0860 Brockhurst, M 0861 TI Microbiology - RAMP resistance 0862 SO NATURE 0863 LA English 0864 DT Editorial Material 0865 ID PEPTIDE 0866 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. 0867 Univ Montpellier 2, ISEM, F-34095 Montpellier, France. 0868 RP Buckling, A, Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, 0869 England. 0870 EM angus.buckling@zoology.oxford.ac.uk 0871 NR 10 0872 TC 0 0873 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0874 PI LONDON 0875 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0876 SN 0028-0836 0877 J9 NATURE 0878 JI Nature 0879 PD NOV 10 0880 PY 2005 0881 VL 438 0882 IS 7065 0883 BP 170 0884 EP 171 0885 PG 2 0886 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0887 GA 982BV 0888 UT ISI:000233133500032 0889 ER 0890 0891 PT J 0892 AU Abercrombie, R 0893 TI Seismology - The start of something big? 0894 SO NATURE 0895 LA English 0896 DT Editorial Material 0897 ID EARTHQUAKE 0898 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 0899 RP Abercrombie, R, Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 685 0900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 0901 EM rea@bu.edu 0902 NR 5 0903 TC 0 0904 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0905 PI LONDON 0906 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0907 SN 0028-0836 0908 J9 NATURE 0909 JI Nature 0910 PD NOV 10 0911 PY 2005 0912 VL 438 0913 IS 7065 0914 BP 171 0915 EP + 0916 PG 2 0917 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0918 GA 982BV 0919 UT ISI:000233133500033 0920 ER 0921 0922 PT J 0923 AU Nitabach, MN 0924 TI Circadian rhythms - Clock coordination 0925 SO NATURE 0926 LA English 0927 DT Editorial Material 0928 ID DROSOPHILA; NEURONS 0929 C1 Yale Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 0930 RP Nitabach, MN, Yale Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, 0931 Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 0932 EM michael.nitabach@yale.edu 0933 NR 9 0934 TC 0 0935 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0936 PI LONDON 0937 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0938 SN 0028-0836 0939 J9 NATURE 0940 JI Nature 0941 PD NOV 10 0942 PY 2005 0943 VL 438 0944 IS 7065 0945 BP 173 0946 EP + 0947 PG 2 0948 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0949 GA 982BV 0950 UT ISI:000233133500034 0951 ER 0952 0953 PT J 0954 AU Lu, ET 0955 Love, SG 0956 TI Gravitational tractor for towing asteroids - A spacecraft could deflect 0957 an Earth-bound asteroid without having to dock to its surface first 0958 SO NATURE 0959 LA English 0960 DT Editorial Material 0961 C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. 0962 RP Lu, ET, NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CB, Houston, TX 0963 77058 USA. 0964 EM edward.t.lu@nasa.gov 0965 NR 5 0966 TC 0 0967 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 0968 PI LONDON 0969 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0970 SN 0028-0836 0971 J9 NATURE 0972 JI Nature 0973 PD NOV 10 0974 PY 2005 0975 VL 438 0976 IS 7065 0977 BP 177 0978 EP 178 0979 PG 2 0980 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 0981 GA 982BV 0982 UT ISI:000233133500035 0983 ER 0984 0985 PT J 0986 AU Toda, M 0987 Takagaki, A 0988 Okamura, M 0989 Kondo, JN 0990 Hayashi, S 0991 Domen, K 0992 Hara, M 0993 TI Green chemistry - Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst 0994 SO NATURE 0995 LA English 0996 DT Editorial Material 0997 ID SOLID ACID CATALYSTS 0998 C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. 0999 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Instrumentat Frontier, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. 1000 Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. 1001 RP Toda, M, Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 1002 2268503, Japan. 1003 EM mhara@res.titech.ac.jp 1004 NR 8 1005 TC 0 1006 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1007 PI LONDON 1008 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1009 SN 0028-0836 1010 J9 NATURE 1011 JI Nature 1012 PD NOV 10 1013 PY 2005 1014 VL 438 1015 IS 7065 1016 BP 178 1017 EP 178 1018 PG 1 1019 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1020 GA 982BV 1021 UT ISI:000233133500036 1022 ER 1023 1024 PT J 1025 AU Calford, MB 1026 Chino, YM 1027 Das, A 1028 Eysel, UT 1029 Gilbert, CD 1030 Heinen, SJ 1031 Kaas, JH 1032 Ullman, S 1033 TI Neuroscience - Rewiring the adult brain 1034 SO NATURE 1035 LA English 1036 DT Editorial Material 1037 ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL REORGANIZATION; RETINAL LESIONS; 1038 FILLING-IN; PLASTICITY; CONNECTIONS; NEURONS 1039 C1 Univ Newcastle, Sch Biomed Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia. 1040 Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77004 USA. 1041 Columbia Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. 1042 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Med, Dept Neurophysiol, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. 1043 Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. 1044 Smith Kettlewell Eye Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. 1045 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. 1046 RP Calford, MB, Univ Newcastle, Sch Biomed Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, 1047 Australia. 1048 NR 15 1049 TC 0 1050 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1051 PI LONDON 1052 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1053 SN 0028-0836 1054 J9 NATURE 1055 JI Nature 1056 PD NOV 10 1057 PY 2005 1058 VL 438 1059 IS 7065 1060 BP E3 1061 EP E3 1062 PG 1 1063 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1064 GA 982BV 1065 UT ISI:000233133500037 1066 ER 1067 1068 PT J 1069 AU Smirnakis, SM 1070 Schmid, MC 1071 Brewer, AA 1072 Tolias, AS 1073 Schuz, A 1074 Augath, M 1075 Inhoffen, W 1076 Wandell, BA 1077 Logothetis, NK 1078 TI Neuroscience - Rewiring the adult brain - Reply 1079 SO NATURE 1080 LA English 1081 DT Editorial Material 1082 ID PERCEPTUAL FILLING-IN; PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL REORGANIZATION; 1083 MACULAR DEGENERATION; MONKEY; SCOTOMA; LESIONS; FMRI 1084 C1 Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 1085 Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 1086 Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. 1087 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 1088 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 1089 Univ Tubingen, Dept Ophthalmol 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. 1090 RP Smirnakis, SM, Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 1091 EM smsmirnakis@partners.org 1092 NR 15 1093 TC 0 1094 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1095 PI LONDON 1096 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1097 SN 0028-0836 1098 J9 NATURE 1099 JI Nature 1100 PD NOV 10 1101 PY 2005 1102 VL 438 1103 IS 7065 1104 BP E3 1105 EP E4 1106 PG 2 1107 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1108 GA 982BV 1109 UT ISI:000233133500038 1110 ER 1111 1112 PT J 1113 AU Zhang, Y 1114 Lu, H 1115 Bargmann, CI 1116 TI Pathogenic bacteria induce aversive olfactory learning in 1117 Caenorhabditis elegans 1118 SO NATURE 1119 LA English 1120 DT Article 1121 ID C-ELEGANS; TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; NEURONS; GENE; 1122 ADAPTATION; PLASTICITY; CHANNEL; MEMORY; FOOD 1123 AB Food can be hazardous, either through toxicity or through bacterial 1124 infections that follow the ingestion of a tainted food source. Because 1125 learning about food quality enhances survival, one of the most robust 1126 forms of olfactory learning is conditioned avoidance of tastes 1127 associated with visceral malaise. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 1128 feeds on bacteria but is susceptible to infection by pathogenic 1129 bacteria in its natural environment. Here we show that C. elegans 1130 modifies its olfactory preferences after exposure to pathogenic 1131 bacteria, avoiding odours from the pathogen and increasing its 1132 attraction to odours from familiar nonpathogenic bacteria. Particular 1133 bacteria elicit specific changes in olfactory preferences that are 1134 suggestive of associative learning. Exposure to pathogenic bacteria 1135 increases serotonin in ADF chemosensory neurons by transcriptional and 1136 post-transcriptional mechanisms. Serotonin functions through MOD-1, a 1137 serotonin-gated chloride channel expressed in sensory interneurons, to 1138 promote aversive learning. An increase in serotonin may represent the 1139 negative reinforcing stimulus in pathogenic infection. 1140 C1 Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Neural Circuits & Behav, New York, NY 10021 USA. 1141 RP Bargmann, CI, Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Neural 1142 Circuits & Behav, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. 1143 EM cori@rockefeller.edu 1144 NR 32 1145 TC 0 1146 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1147 PI LONDON 1148 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1149 SN 0028-0836 1150 J9 NATURE 1151 JI Nature 1152 PD NOV 10 1153 PY 2005 1154 VL 438 1155 IS 7065 1156 BP 179 1157 EP 184 1158 PG 6 1159 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1160 GA 982BV 1161 UT ISI:000233133500039 1162 ER 1163 1164 PT J 1165 AU Furukawa, H 1166 Singh, SK 1167 Mancusso, R 1168 Gouaux, E 1169 TI Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors 1170 SO NATURE 1171 LA English 1172 DT Article 1173 ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; LIGAND-BINDING CORE; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR; 1174 CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; CHANNEL KINETICS; AMPA 1175 RECEPTORS; ACTIVATION; KAINATE; MECHANISM 1176 AB Excitatory neurotransmission mediated by NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) 1177 receptors is fundamental to the physiology of the mammalian central 1178 nervous system. These receptors are heteromeric ion channels that for 1179 activation require binding of glycine and glutamate to the NR1 and NR2 1180 subunits, respectively. NMDA receptor function is characterized by slow 1181 channel opening and deactivation, and the resulting influx of cations 1182 initiates signal transduction cascades that are crucial to higher 1183 functions including learning and memory. Here we report crystal 1184 structures of the ligand-binding core of NR2A with glutamate and that 1185 of the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer with glutamate and glycine. The NR2A - 1186 glutamate complex defines the determinants of glutamate and NMDA 1187 recognition, and the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer suggests a mechanism for 1188 ligand-induced ion channel opening. Analysis of the heterodimer 1189 interface, together with biochemical and electrophysiological 1190 experiments, confirms that the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer is the functional 1191 unit in tetrameric NMDA receptors and that tyrosine 535 of NR1, located 1192 in the subunit interface, modulates the rate of ion channel 1193 deactivation. 1194 C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10032 USA. 1195 Columbia Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. 1196 RP Gouaux, E, Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. 1197 EM jeg52@columbia.edu 1198 NR 50 1199 TC 0 1200 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1201 PI LONDON 1202 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1203 SN 0028-0836 1204 J9 NATURE 1205 JI Nature 1206 PD NOV 10 1207 PY 2005 1208 VL 438 1209 IS 7065 1210 BP 185 1211 EP 192 1212 PG 8 1213 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1214 GA 982BV 1215 UT ISI:000233133500040 1216 ER 1217 1218 PT J 1219 AU Heimpel, M 1220 Aurnou, J 1221 Wicht, J 1222 TI Simulation of equatorial and high-latitude jets on Jupiter in a deep 1223 convection model 1224 SO NATURE 1225 LA English 1226 DT Article 1227 ID ROTATING SPHERICAL-SHELL; GIANT OUTER PLANETS; ZONAL FLOW DRIVEN; 1228 ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; THERMAL-CONVECTION; JOVIAN ATMOSPHERE; WINDS; 1229 TURBULENCE; CASSINI; GALILEO 1230 AB The bands of Jupiter represent a global system of powerful winds. Broad 1231 eastward equatorial jets are flanked by smaller-scale, higher-latitude 1232 jets flowing in alternating directions(1,2). Jupiter's large thermal 1233 emission suggests that the winds are powered from within(3,4), but the 1234 zonal flow depth is limited by increasing density and electrical 1235 conductivity in the molecular hydrogen - helium atmosphere towards the 1236 centre of the planet(5). Two types of planetary flow models have been 1237 explored: shallow-layer models reproduce multiple high-latitude jets, 1238 but not the equatorial flow system(6-8), and deep convection models 1239 only reproduce an eastward equatorial jet with two flanking 1240 neighbours(9-14). Here we present a numerical model of 1241 three-dimensional rotating convection in a relatively thin spherical 1242 shell that generates both types of jets. The simulated flow is 1243 turbulent and quasi-two-dimensional and, as observed for the jovian 1244 jets, simulated jet widths follow Rhines' scaling theory(2,12,13,15). 1245 Our findings imply that Jupiter's latitudinal transition in jet width 1246 corresponds to a separation between the bottom-bounded flow structures 1247 in higher latitudes and the deep equatorial flows. 1248 C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. 1249 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 1250 Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. 1251 RP Heimpel, M, Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. 1252 EM mheimpel@phys.ualberta.ca 1253 NR 30 1254 TC 0 1255 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1256 PI LONDON 1257 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1258 SN 0028-0836 1259 J9 NATURE 1260 JI Nature 1261 PD NOV 10 1262 PY 2005 1263 VL 438 1264 IS 7065 1265 BP 193 1266 EP 196 1267 PG 4 1268 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1269 GA 982BV 1270 UT ISI:000233133500041 1271 ER 1272 1273 PT J 1274 AU Novoselov, KS 1275 Geim, AK 1276 Morozov, SV 1277 Jiang, D 1278 Katsnelson, MI 1279 Grigorieva, IV 1280 Dubonos, SV 1281 Firsov, AA 1282 TI Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene 1283 SO NATURE 1284 LA English 1285 DT Article 1286 ID GRAPHITE; STATES 1287 AB Quantum electrodynamics ( resulting from the merger of quantum 1288 mechanics and relativity theory) has provided a clear understanding of 1289 phenomena ranging from particle physics to cosmology and from 1290 astrophysics to quantum chemistry(1-3). The ideas underlying quantum 1291 electrodynamics also influence the theory of condensed matter(4,5), but 1292 quantum relativistic effects are usually minute in the known 1293 experimental systems that can be described accurately by the 1294 non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. Here we report an experimental 1295 study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of 1296 carbon(6,7)) in which electron transport is essentially governed by 1297 Dirac's ( relativistic) equation. The charge carriers in graphene mimic 1298 relativistic particles with zero rest mass and have an effective 'speed 1299 of light' c* approximate to 10(6) m s(-1). Our study reveals a variety 1300 of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac 1301 fermions. In particular we have observed the following: first, 1302 graphene's conductivity never falls below a minimum value corresponding 1303 to the quantum unit of conductance, even when concentrations of charge 1304 carriers tend to zero; second, the integer quantum Hall effect in 1305 graphene is anomalous in that it occurs at half-integer filling 1306 factors; and third, the cyclotron mass m(c) of massless carriers in 1307 graphene is described by E = m(c)c(*)(2). This two-dimensional system 1308 is not only interesting in itself but also allows access to the subtle 1309 and rich physics of quantum electrodynamics in a bench-top experiment. 1310 C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Mesosci & Nanotechnol, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. 1311 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. 1312 Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. 1313 RP Geim, AK, Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Mesosci & Nanotechnol, 1314 Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. 1315 EM kostya@man.ac.uk 1316 geim@man.ac.uk 1317 NR 28 1318 TC 1 1319 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1320 PI LONDON 1321 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1322 SN 0028-0836 1323 J9 NATURE 1324 JI Nature 1325 PD NOV 10 1326 PY 2005 1327 VL 438 1328 IS 7065 1329 BP 197 1330 EP 200 1331 PG 4 1332 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1333 GA 982BV 1334 UT ISI:000233133500042 1335 ER 1336 1337 PT J 1338 AU Zhang, YB 1339 Tan, YW 1340 Stormer, HL 1341 Kim, P 1342 TI Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase 1343 in graphene 1344 SO NATURE 1345 LA English 1346 DT Article 1347 ID CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE 1348 AB When electrons are confined in two-dimensional materials, 1349 quantum-mechanically enhanced transport phenomena such as the quantum 1350 Hall effect can be observed. Graphene, consisting of an isolated single 1351 atomic layer of graphite, is an ideal realization of such a 1352 two-dimensional system. However, its behaviour is expected to differ 1353 markedly from the well-studied case of quantum wells in conventional 1354 semiconductor interfaces. This difference arises from the unique 1355 electronic properties of graphene, which exhibits electron - hole 1356 degeneracy and vanishing carrier mass near the point of charge 1357 neutrality(1,2). Indeed, a distinctive half-integer quantum Hall effect 1358 has been predicted(3-5) theoretically, as has the existence of a 1359 non-zero Berry's phase ( a geometric quantum phase) of the electron 1360 wavefunction - a consequence of the exceptional topology of the 1361 graphene band structure(6,7). Recent advances in micromechanical 1362 extraction and fabrication techniques for graphite structures(8-12) now 1363 permit such exotic two-dimensional electron systems to be probed 1364 experimentally. Here we report an experimental investigation of 1365 magneto-transport in a high-mobility single layer of graphene. 1366 Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field 1367 effect, we observe an unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect for both 1368 electron and hole carriers in graphene. The relevance of Berry's phase 1369 to these experiments is confirmed by magneto-oscillations. In addition 1370 to their purely scientific interest, these unusual quantum transport 1371 phenomena may lead to new applications in carbon-based electronic and 1372 magneto-electronic devices. 1373 C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. 1374 Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. 1375 RP Kim, P, Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 1376 USA. 1377 EM pkim@phys.columbia.edu 1378 NR 20 1379 TC 1 1380 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1381 PI LONDON 1382 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1383 SN 0028-0836 1384 J9 NATURE 1385 JI Nature 1386 PD NOV 10 1387 PY 2005 1388 VL 438 1389 IS 7065 1390 BP 201 1391 EP 204 1392 PG 4 1393 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1394 GA 982BV 1395 UT ISI:000233133500043 1396 ER 1397 1398 PT J 1399 AU Yamamoto, JK 1400 Fairchild, TR 1401 Boggiani, PC 1402 Montanheiro, TJ 1403 de Araujo, CC 1404 Kiyohara, PK 1405 de Matos, SLF 1406 Soares, PC 1407 TI A record of Permian subaqueous vent activity in southeastern Brazil 1408 SO NATURE 1409 LA English 1410 DT Article 1411 AB The remarkable occurrence of more than 4,500 conical siliceous mounds 1412 in an area of less than 1.5 square kilometres has been reported in the 1413 Parana basin, near Anhembi, Sao Paulo, in southeastern Brazil(1). These 1414 structures, which are up to two metres high, are thought to have been 1415 formed at the margin of a very shallow, broad but waning internal 1416 sea(1), and it was originally suggested that they are stromatolites(2). 1417 Yet their restricted occurrence, unusual abundance and nearly pure 1418 siliceous composition have never been satisfactorily explained by this 1419 hypothesis. Here we report field and laboratory observations on their 1420 shape, construction, composition and mineralogy. On the basis of our 1421 data we suggest that the conical mounds are the result of subaqueous 1422 Late Permian vent activity in southwestern Gondwana. The present 1423 siliceous cone field differs considerably from other Palaeozoic 1424 siliceous hot spring deposits, such as those at Rhynie, Scotland(3), 1425 and the Drummond basin, Australia(4), and therefore represents an 1426 unusual occurrence of vent activity. 1427 C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1428 State Secretary Environm, Inst Geol, BR-04301903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1429 PETROBRAS SA, BR-20031912 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. 1430 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1431 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Geol, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. 1432 RP Yamamoto, JK, Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, Rua Lago 562, BR-05508080 1433 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1434 EM jkyamamo@usp.br 1435 NR 16 1436 TC 0 1437 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1438 PI LONDON 1439 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1440 SN 0028-0836 1441 J9 NATURE 1442 JI Nature 1443 PD NOV 10 1444 PY 2005 1445 VL 438 1446 IS 7065 1447 BP 205 1448 EP 207 1449 PG 3 1450 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1451 GA 982BV 1452 UT ISI:000233133500044 1453 ER 1454 1455 PT J 1456 AU Braun, H 1457 Christl, M 1458 Rahmstorf, S 1459 Ganopolski, A 1460 Mangini, A 1461 Kubatzki, C 1462 Roth, K 1463 Kromer, B 1464 TI Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle 1465 demonstrated in a coupled model 1466 SO NATURE 1467 LA English 1468 DT Article 1469 ID GREENLAND ICE CORES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; 1470 STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; VARIABILITY; RECORDS; OZONE; GISP2 1471 AB Many palaeoclimate records from the North Atlantic region show a 1472 pattern of rapid climate oscillations, the so-called Dansgaard Oeschger 1473 events, with a quasi-periodicity of similar to 1,470 years for the late 1474 glacial period(1-6). Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain 1475 these rapid temperature shifts, including internal oscillations in the 1476 climate system and external forcing, possibly from the Sun(7). But 1477 whereas pronounced solar cycles of similar to 87 and similar to 210 1478 years are well known(8-12), a similar to 1,470-year solar cycle has not 1479 been detected(8). Here we show that an intermediate-complexity climate 1480 model with glacial climate conditions simulates rapid climate shifts 1481 similar to the Dansgaard - Oeschger events with a spacing of 1,470 1482 years when forced by periodic freshwater input into the North Atlantic 1483 Ocean in cycles of, 87 and, 210 years. We attribute the robust 1484 1,470-year response time to the superposition of the two shorter 1485 cycles, together with strongly nonlinear dynamics and the long 1486 characteristic timescale of the thermohaline circulation. For Holocene 1487 conditions, similar events do not occur. We conclude that the glacial 1488 1,470-year climate cycles could have been triggered by solar forcing 1489 despite the absence of a 1,470-year solar cycle. 1490 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg Acad Sci, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 1491 Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. 1492 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. 1493 RP Braun, H, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg Acad Sci, 1494 Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 1495 EM holger.braun@iup.uni-heidelberg.de 1496 NR 30 1497 TC 0 1498 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1499 PI LONDON 1500 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1501 SN 0028-0836 1502 J9 NATURE 1503 JI Nature 1504 PD NOV 10 1505 PY 2005 1506 VL 438 1507 IS 7065 1508 BP 208 1509 EP 211 1510 PG 4 1511 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1512 GA 982BV 1513 UT ISI:000233133500045 1514 ER 1515 1516 PT J 1517 AU Olson, EL 1518 Allen, RM 1519 TI The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture 1520 SO NATURE 1521 LA English 1522 DT Article 1523 ID SEISMIC NUCLEATION PHASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; 1994 NORTHRIDGE; 1524 GROUND-MOTION; SIZE; RIDGECREST; MAGNITUDE; FORESHOCK; SEQUENCE; STRESS 1525 AB Understanding the earthquake rupture process is central to our 1526 understanding of fault systems and earthquake hazards. Multiple 1527 hypotheses concerning the nature of fault rupture have been proposed 1528 but no unifying theory has emerged(1-12). The conceptual hypothesis 1529 most commonly cited is the cascade model for fault rupture(1,3,10,13). 1530 In the cascade model, slip initiates on a small fault patch and 1531 continues to rupture further across a fault plane as long as the 1532 conditions are favourable. Two fundamental implications of this 1533 domino-like theory are that small earthquakes begin in the same manner 1534 as large earthquakes and that the rupture process is not deterministic 1535 - that is, the size of the earthquake cannot be determined until the 1536 cessation of rupture. Here we show that the frequency content of 1537 radiated seismic energy within the first few seconds of rupture scales 1538 with the final magnitude of the event. We infer that the magnitude of 1539 an earthquake can therefore be estimated before the rupture is 1540 complete. This finding implies that the rupture process is to some 1541 degree deterministic and has implications for the physics of the 1542 rupture process. 1543 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 1544 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 1545 RP Allen, RM, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone 1546 Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 1547 EM rallen@berkeley.edu 1548 NR 28 1549 TC 1 1550 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1551 PI LONDON 1552 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1553 SN 0028-0836 1554 J9 NATURE 1555 JI Nature 1556 PD NOV 10 1557 PY 2005 1558 VL 438 1559 IS 7065 1560 BP 212 1561 EP 215 1562 PG 4 1563 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1564 GA 982BV 1565 UT ISI:000233133500046 1566 ER 1567 1568 PT J 1569 AU Filardi, CE 1570 Moyle, RG 1571 TI Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of 1572 Australasia 1573 SO NATURE 1574 LA English 1575 DT Article 1576 ID BIOGEOGRAPHY; ISLANDS; DNA; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; 1577 MODEL 1578 AB Oceanic islands have long served as natural laboratories for 1579 understanding the diversification of life(1-4). In particular, the many 1580 thousands of islands spanning the tropical Pacific support an 1581 unparalleled array of terrestrial communities whose patterns of 1582 diversity contributed fundamental insights to the development of 1583 classical speciation and biogeographic theory(4-8). Much of this work 1584 is founded on an assumption derived from traditional taxonomic 1585 approaches, namely that faunas on these widely separated archipelagos 1586 stem from a simple one-way, downstream flow of colonists from 1587 continents to islands(2,4). Here we show, with the use of molecular 1588 phylogenetic data from one of the original bird families used to 1589 justify this assumption, that a diverse array of endemic island genera 1590 and species are the product of a single radiation that diversified 1591 across all major Pacific archipelagos in a non-stepping-stone fashion, 1592 and recently recolonized continental areas. The geographic scope and 1593 lineage-specific approach of this study reveal evolutionary patterns 1594 long obscured by traditional taxonomic surveys and indicate thatwidely 1595 dispersed archipelagos can be sources of biological diversity. 1596 C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA. 1597 RP Filardi, CE, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, Cent Pk W 1598 & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA. 1599 EM filardi@amnh.org 1600 NR 30 1601 TC 0 1602 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1603 PI LONDON 1604 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1605 SN 0028-0836 1606 J9 NATURE 1607 JI Nature 1608 PD NOV 10 1609 PY 2005 1610 VL 438 1611 IS 7065 1612 BP 216 1613 EP 219 1614 PG 4 1615 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1616 GA 982BV 1617 UT ISI:000233133500047 1618 ER 1619 1620 PT J 1621 AU Rifkin, SA 1622 Houle, D 1623 Kim, J 1624 White, KP 1625 TI A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid 1626 evolution of gene expression 1627 SO NATURE 1628 LA English 1629 DT Article 1630 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PROFILES; CANALIZATION; SELECTION; TISSUE 1631 AB Mutation is the ultimate source of biological diversity because it 1632 generates the variation that fuels evolution(1). Gene expression is the 1633 first step by which an organism translates genetic information into 1634 developmental change. Here we estimate the rate at which mutation 1635 produces new variation in gene expression by measuring transcript 1636 abundances across the genome during the onset of metamorphosis in 12 1637 initially identical Drosophila melanogaster lines that independently 1638 accumulated mutations for 200 generations(2). We find statistically 1639 significant mutational variation for 39% of the genome and a wide range 1640 of variability across corresponding genes. As genes are upregulated in 1641 development their variability decreases, and as they are downregulated 1642 it increases, indicating that developmental context affects the 1643 evolution of gene expression. A strong correlation between mutational 1644 variance and environmental variance shows that there is the potential 1645 for widespread canalization(3). By comparing the evolutionary rates 1646 that we report here with differences between species(4,5), we conclude 1647 that gene expression does not evolve according to strictly neutral 1648 models. Although spontaneous mutations have the potential to generate 1649 abundant variation in gene expression, natural variation is relatively 1650 constrained. 1651 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Goddard Labs 203, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 1652 Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 1653 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 1654 Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. 1655 RP Kim, J, Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Goddard Labs 203, 415 S Univ Ave, 1656 Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 1657 EM junhyong@sas.upenn.edu 1658 kevin.white@yale.edu 1659 NR 30 1660 TC 0 1661 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1662 PI LONDON 1663 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1664 SN 0028-0836 1665 J9 NATURE 1666 JI Nature 1667 PD NOV 10 1668 PY 2005 1669 VL 438 1670 IS 7065 1671 BP 220 1672 EP 223 1673 PG 4 1674 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1675 GA 982BV 1676 UT ISI:000233133500048 1677 ER 1678 1679 PT J 1680 AU Allen, E 1681 Ding, JQ 1682 Wang, W 1683 Pramanik, S 1684 Chou, J 1685 Yau, V 1686 Yang, YM 1687 TI Gigaxonin-controlled degradation of MAP1B light chain is critical to 1688 neuronal survival 1689 SO NATURE 1690 LA English 1691 DT Article 1692 ID GIANT AXONAL NEUROPATHY; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM; 1693 MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN; WALLERIAN 1694 DEGENERATION; 1B; BINDING; KINESIN; BTB; LIGASES 1695 AB Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a devastating sensory and motor 1696 neuropathy caused by mutations in the GAN gene, which encodes the 1697 ubiquitously expressed protein gigaxonin(1-5). Cytopathological 1698 features of GAN include axonal degeneration, with accumulation and 1699 aggregation of cytoskeletal components(6-7). Little is currently known 1700 about the molecular mechanisms underlying this recessive disorder. Here 1701 we show that gigaxonin controls protein degradation, and is essential 1702 for neuronal function and survival. We present evidence that gigaxonin 1703 binds to the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 through its amino-terminal 1704 BTB domain, while the carboxy-terminal kelch repeat domain interacts 1705 directly with the light chain (LC) of microtubule-associated protein 1B 1706 (MAP1B)(8). Overexpression of gigaxonin leads to enhanced degradation 1707 of MAP1B-LC, which can be antagonized by proteasome inhibitors. 1708 Ablation of gigaxonin causes a substantial accumulation of MAP1B-LC in 1709 GAN-null neurons. Moreover, we show that overexpression of MAP1B in 1710 wild-type cortical neurons leads to cell death characteristic of 1711 GAN-null neurons, whereas reducing MAP1B levels significantly improves 1712 the survival rate of null neurons. Our results identify gigaxonin as a 1713 ubiquitin scaffolding protein that controls MAP1B-LC degradation, and 1714 provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying human 1715 neurodegenerative disorders. 1716 C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 1717 RP Yang, YM, Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, 1201 Welch 1718 Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 1719 EM yyanmin@stanford.edu 1720 NR 25 1721 TC 0 1722 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1723 PI LONDON 1724 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1725 SN 0028-0836 1726 J9 NATURE 1727 JI Nature 1728 PD NOV 10 1729 PY 2005 1730 VL 438 1731 IS 7065 1732 BP 224 1733 EP 228 1734 PG 5 1735 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1736 GA 982BV 1737 UT ISI:000233133500049 1738 ER 1739 1740 PT J 1741 AU Kimura, KI 1742 Ote, M 1743 Tazawa, T 1744 Yamamoto, D 1745 TI Fruitless specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the 1746 Drosophila brain 1747 SO NATURE 1748 LA English 1749 DT Article 1750 ID MALE COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; 1751 GENE; MELANOGASTER; MUSCLE; ORIENTATION; NEURONS; SYSTEM; FLIES 1752 AB The Drosophila fruitless (fru) gene product Fru has been postulated to 1753 be a neural sex determination factor that directs development of the 1754 central nervous system (CNS), thereby producing male-typical courtship 1755 behaviour and inducing male-specific muscle(1-6). Male-specific Fru 1756 protein is expressed in small groups of neurons scattered throughout 1757 the CNS of male, but not female, Drosophila(4,7). Collectively, these 1758 observations suggest that Fru 'masculinizes' certain neurons, thereby 1759 establishing neural substrates for male-typical behaviour. However, 1760 specific differences between neurons resulting from the presence or 1761 absence of Fru are unknown. Previous studies have suggested that Fru 1762 might result in sexual differences in the CNS at the functional level, 1763 as no overt sexual dimorphism in CNS structure was discernible(8-10). 1764 Here we identify a subset of fru-expressing interneurons in the brain 1765 that show marked sexual dimorphism in their number and projection 1766 pattern. We also demonstrate that Fru supports the development of 1767 neurons with male-specific dendritic fields, which are programmed to 1768 die during female development as a result of the absence of Fru. Thus, 1769 Fru expression can produce a male-specific neural circuit, probably 1770 used during heterosexual courtship, by preventing cell death in 1771 identifiable neurons. 1772 C1 Hokkaido Univ, Biol Lab, Iwamizawa 0688642, Japan. 1773 Waseda Univ, Adv Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. 1774 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. 1775 RP Kimura, KI, Hokkaido Univ, Biol Lab, Iwamizawa Campus, Iwamizawa 1776 0688642, Japan. 1777 EM kimura@iwa.hokkyodai.ac.jp 1778 NR 24 1779 TC 0 1780 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1781 PI LONDON 1782 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1783 SN 0028-0836 1784 J9 NATURE 1785 JI Nature 1786 PD NOV 10 1787 PY 2005 1788 VL 438 1789 IS 7065 1790 BP 229 1791 EP 233 1792 PG 5 1793 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1794 GA 982BV 1795 UT ISI:000233133500050 1796 ER 1797 1798 PT J 1799 AU Lee, N 1800 Maurange, C 1801 Ringrose, L 1802 Paro, R 1803 TI Suppression of Polycomb group proteins by JNK signalling induces 1804 transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs 1805 SO NATURE 1806 LA English 1807 DT Article 1808 ID METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; PATHWAY; COMPLEX; WINGLESS; ENHANCER; 1809 ENCODES; CLOSURE; KINASE; DJUN; EYE 1810 AB During the regeneration of Drosophila imaginal discs, cellular 1811 identities can switch fate in a process known as transdetermination(1). 1812 For leg-to-wing transdetermination, the underlying mechanism involves 1813 morphogens such as Wingless that, when activated outside their normal 1814 context, induce ectopic expression of the wing-specific selector gene 1815 vestigial(2,3). Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain cellular fates 1816 by controlling the expression patterns of homeotic genes and other 1817 developmental regulators(4). Here we report that transdetermination 1818 events are coupled to PcG regulation. We show that the frequency of 1819 transdetermination is enhanced in PcG mutant flies. Downregulation of 1820 PcG function, as monitored by the reactivation of a silent 1821 PcG-regulated reporter gene, is observed in transdetermined cells. This 1822 downregulation is directly controlled by the Jun amino-terminal kinase 1823 (JNK) signalling pathway, which is activated in cells undergoing 1824 regeneration. Accordingly, transdetermination frequency is reduced in a 1825 JNK mutant background. This regulatory interaction also occurs in 1826 mammalian cells, indicating that the role of this signalling cascade in 1827 remodelling cellular fates may be conserved. 1828 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Ctr Mol Biol Heidelberg ZMBH, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 1829 RP Paro, R, Univ Heidelberg, Ctr Mol Biol Heidelberg ZMBH, D-69120 1830 Heidelberg, Germany. 1831 EM paro@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de 1832 NR 28 1833 TC 0 1834 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1835 PI LONDON 1836 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1837 SN 0028-0836 1838 J9 NATURE 1839 JI Nature 1840 PD NOV 10 1841 PY 2005 1842 VL 438 1843 IS 7065 1844 BP 234 1845 EP 237 1846 PG 4 1847 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1848 GA 982BV 1849 UT ISI:000233133500051 1850 ER 1851 1852 PT J 1853 AU Stoleru, D 1854 Peng, Y 1855 Nawathean, P 1856 Rosbash, M 1857 TI A resetting signal between Drosophila pacemakers synchronizes morning 1858 and evening activity 1859 SO NATURE 1860 LA English 1861 DT Article 1862 ID CIRCADIAN GENE-EXPRESSION; CLOCK GENE; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; 1863 INDIVIDUAL FIBROBLASTS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TIMELESS GENES; NEURONS; BRAIN; 1864 CELLS; NEUROPEPTIDE 1865 AB The biochemical machinery that underlies circadian rhythms is conserved 1866 among animal species and drives self-sustained molecular oscillations 1867 and functions, even within individual asynchronous tissue-culture 1868 cells(1-3). Yet the rhythm- generating neural centres of higher 1869 eukaryotes are usually composed of interconnected cellular networks, 1870 which contribute to robustness and synchrony as well as other complex 1871 features of rhythmic behaviour(4-7). In mammals, little is known about 1872 how individual brain oscillators are organized to orchestrate a complex 1873 behavioural pattern. Drosophila is arguably more advanced from this 1874 point of view: we and others have recently shown that a group of adult 1875 brain clock neurons expresses the neuropeptide PDF8 and controls 1876 morning activity ( small LNv cells; M-cells), whereas another group of 1877 clock neurons controls evening activity (CRY+, PDF- cells; 1878 E-cells)(6,9). We have generated transgenic mosaic animals with 1879 different circadian periods in morning and evening cells. Here we show, 1880 by behavioural and molecular assays, that the six canonical groups of 1881 clock neurons(10) are organized into two separate neuronal circuits. 1882 One has no apparent effect on locomotor rhythmicity in darkness, but 1883 within the second circuit the molecular and behavioural timing of the 1884 evening cells is determined by morning-cell properties. This is due to 1885 a daily resetting signal from the morning to the evening cells, which 1886 run at their genetically programmed pace between consecutive signals. 1887 This neural circuit and oscillator-coupling mechanism ensures a proper 1888 relationship between the timing of morning and evening locomotor 1889 activity. 1890 C1 Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. 1891 Brandeis Univ, Natl Ctr Behav Genom, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. 1892 RP Rosbash, M, Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Waltham, MA 02454 1893 USA. 1894 EM rosbash@brandeis.edu 1895 NR 24 1896 TC 1 1897 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1898 PI LONDON 1899 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1900 SN 0028-0836 1901 J9 NATURE 1902 JI Nature 1903 PD NOV 10 1904 PY 2005 1905 VL 438 1906 IS 7065 1907 BP 238 1908 EP 242 1909 PG 5 1910 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1911 GA 982BV 1912 UT ISI:000233133500052 1913 ER 1914 1915 PT J 1916 AU Lee, WY 1917 Sine, SM 1918 TI Principal pathway coupling agonist binding to channel gating in 1919 nicotinic receptors 1920 SO NATURE 1921 LA English 1922 DT Article 1923 ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; 1924 CHARGED RESIDUES; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; ASPARTIC-ACID; 1925 ACH-BINDING; ACTIVATION; SUBUNIT 1926 AB Synaptic receptors respond to neurotransmitters by opening an intrinsic 1927 ion channel in the final step in synaptic transmission. How binding of 1928 the neurotransmitter is conveyed over the long distance to the channel 1929 remains a central question in neurobiology. Here we delineate a 1930 principal pathway that links neurotransmitter binding to channel gating 1931 by using a structural model of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor at 1932 4-angstrom resolution(1), recordings of currents through single 1933 receptor channels and determinations of energetic coupling between 1934 pairs of residues. We show that a pair of invariant arginine and 1935 glutamate residues in each receptor alpha-subunit electrostatically 1936 links peripheral and inner beta-sheets from the binding domain and 1937 positions them to engage with the channel. The key glutamate and 1938 flanking valine residues energetically couple to conserved proline and 1939 serine residues emerging from the top of the channel-forming 1940 alpha-helix, suggesting that this is the point at which the binding 1941 domain triggers opening of the channel. The series of interresidue 1942 couplings identified here constitutes a primary allosteric pathway that 1943 links neurotransmitter binding to channel gating. 1944 C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Receptor Biol Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 1945 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Mol Neurosci Grad Program, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 1946 RP Sine, SM, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, 1947 Receptor Biol Lab, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. 1948 EM sine@mayo.edu 1949 NR 30 1950 TC 1 1951 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 1952 PI LONDON 1953 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 1954 SN 0028-0836 1955 J9 NATURE 1956 JI Nature 1957 PD NOV 10 1958 PY 2005 1959 VL 438 1960 IS 7065 1961 BP 243 1962 EP 247 1963 PG 5 1964 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 1965 GA 982BV 1966 UT ISI:000233133500053 1967 ER 1968 1969 PT J 1970 AU Lummis, SCR 1971 Beene, DL 1972 Lee, LW 1973 Lester, HA 1974 Broadhurst, RW 1975 Dougherty, DA 1976 TI Cis-trans isomerization at a proline opens the pore of a 1977 neurotransmitter-gated ion channel 1978 SO NATURE 1979 LA English 1980 DT Article 1981 ID RECEPTOR M2-M3 LOOP; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; 5-HT3 RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC 1982 RECEPTOR; GATING MECHANISM; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; AGONIST-BINDING; 1983 RESIDUES; ACCESSIBILITY; CONFORMATION 1984 AB 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are members of the 1985 Cys-loop receptor superfamily(1). Neurotransmitter binding in these 1986 proteins triggers the opening (gating) of an ion channel by means of an 1987 as-yet-uncharacterized conformational change. Here we show that a 1988 specific proline ( Pro 8*), located at the apex of the loop between the 1989 second and third transmembrane helices (M2 - M3)(2,3), can link binding 1990 to gating through a cis-trans isomerization of the protein backbone. 1991 Using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, a series of proline analogues 1992 with varying preference for the cis conformer was incorporated at the 1993 8* position. Proline analogues that strongly favour the trans conformer 1994 produced nonfunctional channels. Among the functional mutants there was 1995 a strong correlation between the intrinsic cis - trans energy gap of 1996 the proline analogue and the activation of the channel, suggesting that 1997 cis - trans isomerization of this single proline provides the switch 1998 that interconverts the open and closed states of the channel. 1999 Consistent with this proposal, nuclear magnetic resonance studies on an 2000 M2 - M3 loop peptide reveal two distinct, structured forms. Our results 2001 thus confirm the structure of the M2 - M3 loop and the critical role of 2002 Pro 8* in the 5-HT3 receptor. In addition, they suggest that a 2003 molecular rearrangement at Pro 8* is the structural mechanism that 2004 opens the receptor pore. 2005 C1 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 2006 Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England. 2007 CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 2008 RP Dougherty, DA, CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 2009 EM dadougherty@caltech.edu 2010 NR 30 2011 TC 1 2012 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2013 PI LONDON 2014 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2015 SN 0028-0836 2016 J9 NATURE 2017 JI Nature 2018 PD NOV 10 2019 PY 2005 2020 VL 438 2021 IS 7065 2022 BP 248 2023 EP 252 2024 PG 5 2025 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2026 GA 982BV 2027 UT ISI:000233133500054 2028 ER 2029 2030 PT J 2031 AU Brumfiel, G 2032 TI The crime of the century - A little family planning. 2033 SO NATURE 2034 LA English 2035 DT Editorial Material 2036 NR 0 2037 TC 0 2038 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2039 PI LONDON 2040 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2041 SN 0028-0836 2042 J9 NATURE 2043 JI Nature 2044 PD NOV 10 2045 PY 2005 2046 VL 438 2047 IS 7065 2048 BP 256 2049 EP 256 2050 PG 1 2051 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2052 GA 982BV 2053 UT ISI:000233133500055 2054 ER 2055 2056 PT J 2057 AU [Anon] 2058 TI Taking a stand on animal-rights violence 2059 SO NATURE 2060 LA English 2061 DT Editorial Material 2062 NR 0 2063 TC 0 2064 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2065 PI LONDON 2066 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2067 SN 0028-0836 2068 J9 NATURE 2069 JI Nature 2070 PD NOV 3 2071 PY 2005 2072 VL 438 2073 IS 7064 2074 BP 1 2075 EP 1 2076 PG 1 2077 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2078 GA 979XS 2079 UT ISI:000232979000001 2080 ER 2081 2082 PT J 2083 AU [Anon] 2084 TI Turkey's evolution 2085 SO NATURE 2086 LA English 2087 DT Editorial Material 2088 NR 0 2089 TC 0 2090 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2091 PI LONDON 2092 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2093 SN 0028-0836 2094 J9 NATURE 2095 JI Nature 2096 PD NOV 3 2097 PY 2005 2098 VL 438 2099 IS 7064 2100 BP 1 2101 EP 2 2102 PG 2 2103 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2104 GA 979XS 2105 UT ISI:000232979000002 2106 ER 2107 2108 PT J 2109 AU [Anon] 2110 TI Clamp down on copycats 2111 SO NATURE 2112 LA English 2113 DT Editorial Material 2114 NR 0 2115 TC 0 2116 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2117 PI LONDON 2118 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2119 SN 0028-0836 2120 J9 NATURE 2121 JI Nature 2122 PD NOV 3 2123 PY 2005 2124 VL 438 2125 IS 7064 2126 BP 2 2127 EP 2 2128 PG 1 2129 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2130 GA 979XS 2131 UT ISI:000232979000003 2132 ER 2133 2134 PT J 2135 AU Butler, D 2136 TI Wartime tactic doubles power of scarce bird-flu drug 2137 SO NATURE 2138 LA English 2139 DT News Item 2140 AB Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) is the main bird flu medicine 2141 recommended by WHO. However, eventhough the drug's sole supplier Roche 2142 has increased its production capacity, the current supply is just about 2143 2% of the world population. One solution involves administering 2144 probenecid in combination, as this can givethe same therapeutic effect 2145 at half the dose. However, there seems to be a lack of interest amongst 2146 Roche and the relevant authorities in pursuing this approach. 2147 NR 1 2148 TC 0 2149 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2150 PI LONDON 2151 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2152 SN 0028-0836 2153 J9 NATURE 2154 JI Nature 2155 PD NOV 3 2156 PY 2005 2157 VL 438 2158 IS 7064 2159 BP 6 2160 EP 6 2161 PG 1 2162 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2163 GA 979XS 2164 UT ISI:000232979000004 2165 ER 2166 2167 PT J 2168 AU Towie, N 2169 TI Drug firms donate compounds for anti-HIV gel 2170 SO NATURE 2171 LA English 2172 DT News Item 2173 AB Motivated by positive results reported in this week's Nature, two drug 2174 companies have given away rights to two key compounds, so that they can 2175 be developed into gels that protect against human immunodeficiency 2176 virus (HIV). Such a gel could help many women to protect themselves, as 2177 they often find it difficult to get partners to use condoms, 2178 particularly in the developing world where men may disapprove of the 2179 practice. Experts say that a mocrobicide applied to the vagina before 2180 sex could save 2.5 millions lives in just three years.) 2181 NR 0 2182 TC 0 2183 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2184 PI LONDON 2185 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2186 SN 0028-0836 2187 J9 NATURE 2188 JI Nature 2189 PD NOV 3 2190 PY 2005 2191 VL 438 2192 IS 7064 2193 BP 6 2194 EP 7 2195 PG 2 2196 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2197 GA 979XS 2198 UT ISI:000232979000005 2199 ER 2200 2201 PT J 2202 AU Dalton, R 2203 TI Universities scramble to assess scope of falsified results 2204 SO NATURE 2205 LA English 2206 DT News Item 2207 ID RNA INTERFERENCE; GENES 2208 NR 7 2209 TC 0 2210 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2211 PI LONDON 2212 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2213 SN 0028-0836 2214 J9 NATURE 2215 JI Nature 2216 PD NOV 3 2217 PY 2005 2218 VL 438 2219 IS 7064 2220 BP 7 2221 EP 7 2222 PG 1 2223 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2224 GA 979XS 2225 UT ISI:000232979000006 2226 ER 2227 2228 PT J 2229 AU Simonite, T 2230 TI Protists push animals aside in rule revamp 2231 SO NATURE 2232 LA English 2233 DT News Item 2234 AB Eukaryotes, organisms whose cells have a nucleus, have traditionally 2235 been separated into four kingdoms. They have been reorganized into six 2236 kingdoms. The authors of the revision hope that it will bring peace to 2237 a long divided discipline, and raise awareness of the diversity of 2238 single-celled organisms. 2239 NR 1 2240 TC 0 2241 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2242 PI LONDON 2243 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2244 SN 0028-0836 2245 J9 NATURE 2246 JI Nature 2247 PD NOV 3 2248 PY 2005 2249 VL 438 2250 IS 7064 2251 BP 8 2252 EP 9 2253 PG 2 2254 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2255 GA 979XS 2256 UT ISI:000232979000007 2257 ER 2258 2259 PT J 2260 AU Abbott, A 2261 TI Turkish rectors rally in support of university head thrown in jail 2262 SO NATURE 2263 LA English 2264 DT News Item 2265 NR 0 2266 TC 0 2267 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2268 PI LONDON 2269 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2270 SN 0028-0836 2271 J9 NATURE 2272 JI Nature 2273 PD NOV 3 2274 PY 2005 2275 VL 438 2276 IS 7064 2277 BP 8 2278 EP 9 2279 PG 2 2280 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2281 GA 979XS 2282 UT ISI:000232979000008 2283 ER 2284 2285 PT J 2286 AU Dalton, R 2287 TI Floods fail to save canyon beaches 2288 SO NATURE 2289 LA English 2290 DT News Item 2291 AB The Colorado River, which runs along the Grand Canyon in Arizona, used 2292 to be brown with sediment. It was flanked by extensive beaches and 2293 sandbars that provided habitat for species found nowhere else. The 2294 humpback chub ( Gila cypha) is one such species, a fish with degenerate 2295 eyes and a prominent hump that stabilizes it in the river's swirling 2296 waters. However, in 1963 the Glen Canyon Dam, which is now the major 2297 power source in the southwestern United States, was completed. As a 2298 result, the river downstream of the dam runs slow and clear, the 2299 beaches and sandbars have eroded dramatically, and the humpback chub is 2300 critically endangered. In 1996, after years of debate, scientists at 2301 the United States Geological Survey agreed on a plan to restore the 2302 ecosystem. They hoped that releasing a massive flood through the dam 2303 would shift sediment trapped at the bottom of the river and rebuild the 2304 beaches. Later that year, they pumped an extra 1,290 cubic metres of 2305 water per second down the canyon for a week, atan estimated cost to 2306 power companies of $ 2.5 million. 2307 NR 1 2308 TC 0 2309 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2310 PI LONDON 2311 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2312 SN 0028-0836 2313 J9 NATURE 2314 JI Nature 2315 PD NOV 3 2316 PY 2005 2317 VL 438 2318 IS 7064 2319 BP 10 2320 EP 10 2321 PG 1 2322 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2323 GA 979XS 2324 UT ISI:000232979000009 2325 ER 2326 2327 PT J 2328 AU Brumfiel, G 2329 Miller, K 2330 Padian, K 2331 TI Expert witness: the scientists who testified against intelligent design 2332 SO NATURE 2333 LA English 2334 DT Editorial Material 2335 NR 0 2336 TC 0 2337 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2338 PI LONDON 2339 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2340 SN 0028-0836 2341 J9 NATURE 2342 JI Nature 2343 PD NOV 3 2344 PY 2005 2345 VL 438 2346 IS 7064 2347 BP 11 2348 EP 11 2349 PG 1 2350 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2351 GA 979XS 2352 UT ISI:000232979000010 2353 ER 2354 2355 PT J 2356 AU Check, E 2357 TI Gene study raises fears for three-parent babies 2358 SO NATURE 2359 LA English 2360 DT News Item 2361 AB Controversy has been caused by an assisted reproduction technique that 2362 mixes mitochondria from two women. The technique has raised ethical 2363 concerns as the resulting babies have DNA from two mothers as well as 2364 the father. 2365 NR 1 2366 TC 0 2367 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2368 PI LONDON 2369 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2370 SN 0028-0836 2371 J9 NATURE 2372 JI Nature 2373 PD NOV 3 2374 PY 2005 2375 VL 438 2376 IS 7064 2377 BP 12 2378 EP 12 2379 PG 1 2380 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2381 GA 979XS 2382 UT ISI:000232979000011 2383 ER 2384 2385 PT J 2386 AU Jones, D 2387 TI Personal effects 2388 SO NATURE 2389 LA English 2390 DT News Item 2391 AB Small organisms, such as cyanobacteria, can have a big impact. Each 2392 living thing effects the environment they live in. This has ecological 2393 and evolutionary consequences. 2394 NR 7 2395 TC 0 2396 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2397 PI LONDON 2398 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2399 SN 0028-0836 2400 J9 NATURE 2401 JI Nature 2402 PD NOV 3 2403 PY 2005 2404 VL 438 2405 IS 7064 2406 BP 14 2407 EP 16 2408 PG 3 2409 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2410 GA 979XS 2411 UT ISI:000232979000012 2412 ER 2413 2414 PT J 2415 AU Cherry, M 2416 TI Star of the south 2417 SO NATURE 2418 LA English 2419 DT News Item 2420 NR 0 2421 TC 0 2422 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2423 PI LONDON 2424 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2425 SN 0028-0836 2426 J9 NATURE 2427 JI Nature 2428 PD NOV 3 2429 PY 2005 2430 VL 438 2431 IS 7064 2432 BP 18 2433 EP 19 2434 PG 2 2435 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2436 GA 979XS 2437 UT ISI:000232979000013 2438 ER 2439 2440 PT J 2441 AU [Anon] 2442 TI Sharp shooter 2443 SO NATURE 2444 LA English 2445 DT News Item 2446 NR 0 2447 TC 0 2448 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2449 PI LONDON 2450 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2451 SN 0028-0836 2452 J9 NATURE 2453 JI Nature 2454 PD NOV 3 2455 PY 2005 2456 VL 438 2457 IS 7064 2458 BP 18 2459 EP 18 2460 PG 1 2461 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2462 GA 979XS 2463 UT ISI:000232979000014 2464 ER 2465 2466 PT J 2467 AU Schrope, M 2468 TI Winds of change 2469 SO NATURE 2470 LA English 2471 DT News Item 2472 NR 2 2473 TC 0 2474 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2475 PI LONDON 2476 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2477 SN 0028-0836 2478 J9 NATURE 2479 JI Nature 2480 PD NOV 3 2481 PY 2005 2482 VL 438 2483 IS 7064 2484 BP 21 2485 EP 22 2486 PG 2 2487 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2488 GA 979XS 2489 UT ISI:000232979000015 2490 ER 2491 2492 PT J 2493 AU Wadman, M 2494 TI Race is on for flu vaccine 2495 SO NATURE 2496 LA English 2497 DT News Item 2498 ID A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA 2499 AB Drug companies are using adjuvants to boost their vaccines in a bid to 2500 be ready for a flu pandemic. The cell-surface proteins of flu viruses 2501 change, or drift, over time, so vaccine makers can't develop a vaccine 2502 in advance that they know will work if bird flu acquires the ability to 2503 pass between humans, triggering a pandemic. What is more, there aren 2504 not many companies in the race, afterlow profits drove many to stop 2505 producing vaccines at all. 2506 NR 3 2507 TC 0 2508 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2509 PI LONDON 2510 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2511 SN 0028-0836 2512 J9 NATURE 2513 JI Nature 2514 PD NOV 3 2515 PY 2005 2516 VL 438 2517 IS 7064 2518 BP 23 2519 EP 23 2520 PG 1 2521 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2522 GA 979XS 2523 UT ISI:000232979000016 2524 ER 2525 2526 PT J 2527 AU King, DA 2528 TI UK must go on promoting and funding science 2529 SO NATURE 2530 LA English 2531 DT Letter 2532 C1 Off Sci & Technol, London SW1H 0ET, England. 2533 RP King, DA, Off Sci & Technol, 1 Victoria St, London SW1H 0ET, England. 2534 NR 1 2535 TC 0 2536 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2537 PI LONDON 2538 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2539 SN 0028-0836 2540 J9 NATURE 2541 JI Nature 2542 PD NOV 3 2543 PY 2005 2544 VL 438 2545 IS 7064 2546 BP 24 2547 EP 24 2548 PG 1 2549 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2550 GA 979XS 2551 UT ISI:000232979000017 2552 ER 2553 2554 PT J 2555 AU Hawksworth, DL 2556 TI Universal fungus register offers pattern for zoology 2557 SO NATURE 2558 LA English 2559 DT Letter 2560 C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, IUBS IUMS Int Comm Bionomenclature, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. 2561 RP Hawksworth, DL, Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, IUBS IUMS 2562 Int Comm Bionomenclature, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. 2563 NR 3 2564 TC 0 2565 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2566 PI LONDON 2567 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2568 SN 0028-0836 2569 J9 NATURE 2570 JI Nature 2571 PD NOV 3 2572 PY 2005 2573 VL 438 2574 IS 7064 2575 BP 24 2576 EP 24 2577 PG 1 2578 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2579 GA 979XS 2580 UT ISI:000232979000018 2581 ER 2582 2583 PT J 2584 AU Hsieh, YH 2585 TI Mapping the complexities of science and politics 2586 SO NATURE 2587 LA English 2588 DT Letter 2589 C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Math, Taichung 402, Taiwan. 2590 RP Hsieh, YH, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Math, Taichung 402, Taiwan. 2591 NR 2 2592 TC 0 2593 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2594 PI LONDON 2595 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2596 SN 0028-0836 2597 J9 NATURE 2598 JI Nature 2599 PD NOV 3 2600 PY 2005 2601 VL 438 2602 IS 7064 2603 BP 24 2604 EP 24 2605 PG 1 2606 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2607 GA 979XS 2608 UT ISI:000232979000019 2609 ER 2610 2611 PT J 2612 AU Rutherford, A 2613 TI Mad, bad and dangerous: The scientist and the cinema 2614 SO NATURE 2615 LA English 2616 DT Book Review 2617 NR 1 2618 TC 0 2619 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2620 PI LONDON 2621 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2622 SN 0028-0836 2623 J9 NATURE 2624 JI Nature 2625 PD NOV 3 2626 PY 2005 2627 VL 438 2628 IS 7064 2629 BP 25 2630 EP 26 2631 PG 2 2632 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2633 GA 979XS 2634 UT ISI:000232979000020 2635 ER 2636 2637 PT J 2638 AU Fitzpatrick, M 2639 TI The science and fiction of autism 2640 SO NATURE 2641 LA English 2642 DT Book Review 2643 NR 1 2644 TC 0 2645 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2646 PI LONDON 2647 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2648 SN 0028-0836 2649 J9 NATURE 2650 JI Nature 2651 PD NOV 3 2652 PY 2005 2653 VL 438 2654 IS 7064 2655 BP 26 2656 EP 26 2657 PG 1 2658 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2659 GA 979XS 2660 UT ISI:000232979000021 2661 ER 2662 2663 PT J 2664 AU Moore, PD 2665 TI Demons in Eden: The paradox of plant diversity 2666 SO NATURE 2667 LA English 2668 DT Book Review 2669 C1 Univ London Kings Coll, Div Life Sci, London SE1 9NH, England. 2670 RP Moore, PD, Univ London Kings Coll, Div Life Sci, Franklin Wilkins 2671 Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England. 2672 NR 1 2673 TC 0 2674 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2675 PI LONDON 2676 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2677 SN 0028-0836 2678 J9 NATURE 2679 JI Nature 2680 PD NOV 3 2681 PY 2005 2682 VL 438 2683 IS 7064 2684 BP 27 2685 EP 27 2686 PG 1 2687 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2688 GA 979XS 2689 UT ISI:000232979000022 2690 ER 2691 2692 PT J 2693 AU Heilbron, JL 2694 TI Wit and wisdom 2695 SO NATURE 2696 LA English 2697 DT Editorial Material 2698 C1 Museum Hist Sci, Oxford, England. 2699 RP Heilbron, JL, Museum Hist Sci, Broad St, Oxford, England. 2700 NR 2 2701 TC 0 2702 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2703 PI LONDON 2704 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2705 SN 0028-0836 2706 J9 NATURE 2707 JI Nature 2708 PD NOV 3 2709 PY 2005 2710 VL 438 2711 IS 7064 2712 BP 29 2713 EP 29 2714 PG 1 2715 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2716 GA 979XS 2717 UT ISI:000232979000023 2718 ER 2719 2720 PT J 2721 AU Blinkhorn, S 2722 TI Intelligence - A gender bender 2723 SO NATURE 2724 LA English 2725 DT Editorial Material 2726 C1 Psychometr Res & Dev Ltd, St Albans AL1 3HT, Herts, England. 2727 RP Blinkhorn, S, Psychometr Res & Dev Ltd, Brewmaster House, St Albans AL1 2728 3HT, Herts, England. 2729 EM steve@prd.co.uk 2730 NR 3 2731 TC 0 2732 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2733 PI LONDON 2734 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2735 SN 0028-0836 2736 J9 NATURE 2737 JI Nature 2738 PD NOV 3 2739 PY 2005 2740 VL 438 2741 IS 7064 2742 BP 31 2743 EP 32 2744 PG 2 2745 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2746 GA 979XS 2747 UT ISI:000232979000024 2748 ER 2749 2750 PT J 2751 AU Reynolds, C 2752 TI Astronomy - Light on a dark place 2753 SO NATURE 2754 LA English 2755 DT Editorial Material 2756 ID BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER 2757 C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 2758 RP Reynolds, C, Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 2759 EM chris@astro.umd.edu 2760 NR 7 2761 TC 0 2762 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2763 PI LONDON 2764 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2765 SN 0028-0836 2766 J9 NATURE 2767 JI Nature 2768 PD NOV 3 2769 PY 2005 2770 VL 438 2771 IS 7064 2772 BP 32 2773 EP 33 2774 PG 2 2775 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2776 GA 979XS 2777 UT ISI:000232979000025 2778 ER 2779 2780 PT J 2781 AU Andersen, RA 2782 TI Microbiology Algae and the vitamin mosaic 2783 SO NATURE 2784 LA English 2785 DT Editorial Material 2786 ID DIATOMS 2787 C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. 2788 RP Andersen, RA, Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr 2789 Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. 2790 EM randersen@bigelow.org 2791 NR 12 2792 TC 0 2793 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2794 PI LONDON 2795 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2796 SN 0028-0836 2797 J9 NATURE 2798 JI Nature 2799 PD NOV 3 2800 PY 2005 2801 VL 438 2802 IS 7064 2803 BP 33 2804 EP 35 2805 PG 2 2806 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2807 GA 979XS 2808 UT ISI:000232979000026 2809 ER 2810 2811 PT J 2812 AU Cazenave, A 2813 TI Global change - Sea level and volcanoes 2814 SO NATURE 2815 LA English 2816 DT Editorial Material 2817 C1 CNES, LEGOS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France. 2818 RP Cazenave, A, CNES, LEGOS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, 18 Ave 2819 Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse, France. 2820 EM anny.cazenave@cnes.fr 2821 NR 11 2822 TC 0 2823 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2824 PI LONDON 2825 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2826 SN 0028-0836 2827 J9 NATURE 2828 JI Nature 2829 PD NOV 3 2830 PY 2005 2831 VL 438 2832 IS 7064 2833 BP 35 2834 EP 36 2835 PG 2 2836 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2837 GA 979XS 2838 UT ISI:000232979000027 2839 ER 2840 2841 PT J 2842 AU Huang, YPJ 2843 Montelione, GT 2844 TI Structural biology - Proteins flex to function 2845 SO NATURE 2846 LA English 2847 DT Editorial Material 2848 ID DYNAMICS; CATALYSIS 2849 C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 2850 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. 2851 RP Huang, YPJ, Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, 2852 NJ 08854 USA. 2853 EM guy@cabm.rutgers.edu 2854 NR 10 2855 TC 0 2856 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2857 PI LONDON 2858 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2859 SN 0028-0836 2860 J9 NATURE 2861 JI Nature 2862 PD NOV 3 2863 PY 2005 2864 VL 438 2865 IS 7064 2866 BP 36 2867 EP 37 2868 PG 2 2869 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2870 GA 979XS 2871 UT ISI:000232979000028 2872 ER 2873 2874 PT J 2875 AU Ellis, RS 2876 TI Cosmology - The infrared dawn of starlight 2877 SO NATURE 2878 LA English 2879 DT Editorial Material 2880 ID TELESCOPE 2881 C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 2882 RP Ellis, RS, CALTECH, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 2883 EM rse@astro.caltech.edu 2884 NR 6 2885 TC 0 2886 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2887 PI LONDON 2888 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2889 SN 0028-0836 2890 J9 NATURE 2891 JI Nature 2892 PD NOV 3 2893 PY 2005 2894 VL 438 2895 IS 7064 2896 BP 39 2897 EP 39 2898 PG 1 2899 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2900 GA 979XS 2901 UT ISI:000232979000029 2902 ER 2903 2904 PT J 2905 AU Yarus, M 2906 TI Chemical biology - Bring them back alive 2907 SO NATURE 2908 LA English 2909 DT Editorial Material 2910 ID RIBOZYMES 2911 C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 2912 RP Yarus, M, Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 2913 80309 USA. 2914 EM yarus@colorado.edu 2915 NR 9 2916 TC 0 2917 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2918 PI LONDON 2919 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2920 SN 0028-0836 2921 J9 NATURE 2922 JI Nature 2923 PD NOV 3 2924 PY 2005 2925 VL 438 2926 IS 7064 2927 BP 40 2928 EP 40 2929 PG 1 2930 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2931 GA 979XS 2932 UT ISI:000232979000030 2933 ER 2934 2935 PT J 2936 AU Moore, PD 2937 TI Ecology: Roots of stability (vol 437, pg 959, 2005) 2938 SO NATURE 2939 LA English 2940 DT Correction 2941 NR 2 2942 TC 0 2943 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2944 PI LONDON 2945 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2946 SN 0028-0836 2947 J9 NATURE 2948 JI Nature 2949 PD NOV 3 2950 PY 2005 2951 VL 438 2952 IS 7064 2953 BP 40 2954 EP 40 2955 PG 1 2956 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2957 GA 979XS 2958 UT ISI:000232979000031 2959 ER 2960 2961 PT J 2962 AU Kinlen, L 2963 TI Richard Doll (1912-2005) Epidemiologist extraordinary. Obituary 2964 SO NATURE 2965 LA English 2966 DT Biographical-Item 2967 C1 Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX3 7LF, England. 2968 RP Kinlen, L, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Richard Doll Bldg,Roosevelt Dr, Oxford 2969 OX3 7LF, England. 2970 EM leo.kinlen@dphpc.ox.ac.uk 2971 NR 0 2972 TC 0 2973 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 2974 PI LONDON 2975 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 2976 SN 0028-0836 2977 J9 NATURE 2978 JI Nature 2979 PD NOV 3 2980 PY 2005 2981 VL 438 2982 IS 7064 2983 BP 41 2984 EP 41 2985 PG 1 2986 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 2987 GA 979XS 2988 UT ISI:000232979000032 2989 ER 2990 2991 PT J 2992 AU Strogatz, SH 2993 Abrams, DM 2994 McRobie, A 2995 Eckhardt, B 2996 Ott, E 2997 TI Crowd synchrony on the Millennium Bridge 2998 SO NATURE 2999 LA English 3000 DT Editorial Material 3001 ID EXCITATION 3002 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 3003 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 3004 Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. 3005 RP Strogatz, SH, Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 3006 USA. 3007 EM strogatz@cornell.edu 3008 NR 10 3009 TC 0 3010 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3011 PI LONDON 3012 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3013 SN 0028-0836 3014 J9 NATURE 3015 JI Nature 3016 PD NOV 3 3017 PY 2005 3018 VL 438 3019 IS 7064 3020 BP 43 3021 EP 44 3022 PG 2 3023 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3024 GA 979XS 3025 UT ISI:000232979000033 3026 ER 3027 3028 PT J 3029 AU Majumder, M 3030 Chopra, N 3031 Andrews, R 3032 Hinds, BJ 3033 TI Nanoscale hydrodynamics - Enhanced flow in carbon nanotubes 3034 SO NATURE 3035 LA English 3036 DT Editorial Material 3037 ID MEMBRANES 3038 C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. 3039 Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. 3040 RP Majumder, M, Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 3041 USA. 3042 EM bjhinds@engr.uky.edu 3043 NR 10 3044 TC 0 3045 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3046 PI LONDON 3047 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3048 SN 0028-0836 3049 J9 NATURE 3050 JI Nature 3051 PD NOV 3 3052 PY 2005 3053 VL 438 3054 IS 7064 3055 BP 44 3056 EP 44 3057 PG 1 3058 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3059 GA 979XS 3060 UT ISI:000232979000034 3061 ER 3062 3063 PT J 3064 AU Cadena, CD 3065 Ricklefs, RE 3066 Jimenez, I 3067 Bermingham, E 3068 TI Ecology - Is speciation driven by species diversity? 3069 SO NATURE 3070 LA English 3071 DT Editorial Material 3072 ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; AREA RELATIONSHIP; ISLAND; DIVERSIFICATION; AGE 3073 C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. 3074 Missouri Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Sustainable Dev, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. 3075 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. 3076 RP Cadena, CD, Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 3077 63121 USA. 3078 EM cdc35b@umsl.edu 3079 NR 11 3080 TC 0 3081 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3082 PI LONDON 3083 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3084 SN 0028-0836 3085 J9 NATURE 3086 JI Nature 3087 PD NOV 3 3088 PY 2005 3089 VL 438 3090 IS 7064 3091 BP E1 3092 EP E2 3093 PG 2 3094 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3095 GA 979XS 3096 UT ISI:000232979000035 3097 ER 3098 3099 PT J 3100 AU Emerson, BC 3101 Kolm, N 3102 TI Ecology - Is speciation driven by species diversity? Reply 3103 SO NATURE 3104 LA English 3105 DT Editorial Material 3106 ID LESSER ANTILLEAN AVIFAUNA; ISLANDS 3107 C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. 3108 RP Emerson, BC, Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, 3109 England. 3110 EM b.emerson@uea.ac.uk 3111 NR 8 3112 TC 0 3113 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3114 PI LONDON 3115 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3116 SN 0028-0836 3117 J9 NATURE 3118 JI Nature 3119 PD NOV 3 3120 PY 2005 3121 VL 438 3122 IS 7064 3123 BP E2 3124 EP E2 3125 PG 1 3126 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3127 GA 979XS 3128 UT ISI:000232979000036 3129 ER 3130 3131 PT J 3132 AU Kashlinsky, A 3133 Arendt, RG 3134 Mather, J 3135 Moseley, SH 3136 TI Tracing the first stars with fluctuations of the cosmic infrared 3137 background 3138 SO NATURE 3139 LA English 3140 DT Article 3141 ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; 3142 COBE DIRBE MAPS; 1ST STARS; EXPERIMENT SEARCH; MIDINFRARED 3143 OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; MICRONS 3144 AB The deepest space- and ground-based observations find metal-enriched 3145 galaxies at cosmic times when the Universe was less than 1 Gyr old. 3146 These stellar populations had to be preceded by the metal-free first 3147 stars, known as 'population III'. Recent cosmic microwave background 3148 polarization measurements indicate that stars started forming early - 3149 when the Universe was <= 200 Myr old. It is now thought that population 3150 III stars were significantly more massive than the present metal-rich 3151 stellar populations. Although such sources will not be individually 3152 detectable by existing or planned telescopes, they would have produced 3153 significant cosmic infrared background radiation in the near-infrared, 3154 whose fluctuations reflect the conditions in the primordial density 3155 field. Here we report a measurement of diffuse flux fluctuations after 3156 removing foreground stars and galaxies. The anisotropies exceed the 3157 instrument noise and the more local foregrounds; they can be attributed 3158 to emission from population III stars, at an era dominated by these 3159 objects. 3160 C1 Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 3161 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 3162 SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 3163 RP Kashlinsky, A, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 3164 EM kashlinsky@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov 3165 NR 49 3166 TC 1 3167 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3168 PI LONDON 3169 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3170 SN 0028-0836 3171 J9 NATURE 3172 JI Nature 3173 PD NOV 3 3174 PY 2005 3175 VL 438 3176 IS 7064 3177 BP 45 3178 EP 50 3179 PG 6 3180 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3181 GA 979XS 3182 UT ISI:000232979000037 3183 ER 3184 3185 PT J 3186 AU Gravina, B 3187 Mellars, P 3188 Ramsey, CB 3189 TI Radiocarbon dating of interstratified Neanderthal and early modern 3190 human occupations at the Chatelperronian type-site 3191 SO NATURE 3192 LA English 3193 DT Article 3194 ID EUROPE; ICE; CALIBRATION; AURIGNACIAN; PROGRAM; RECORDS; OXFORD; AMS 3195 AB The question of the coexistence and potential interaction between the 3196 last Neanderthal and the earliest intrusive populations of anatomically 3197 modern humans in Europe has recently emerged as a topic of lively 3198 debate in the archaeological and anthropological literature. Here we 3199 report the results of radiocarbon accelerator dating for what has been 3200 reported as an interstratified sequence of late Neanderthal and early 3201 anatomically modern occupations at the French type-site of the 3202 Chatelperronian, the Grotte des Fees de Chatelperron, in east-central 3203 France. The radiocarbon measurements seem to provide the earliest 3204 secure dates for the presence of Aurignacian technology - and from 3205 this, we infer the presence of anatomically modern human populations - 3206 in France. 3207 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England. 3208 Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX1 3QJ, England. 3209 RP Mellars, P, Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3210 3DZ, England. 3211 EM pam59@cam.ac.uk 3212 NR 46 3213 TC 0 3214 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3215 PI LONDON 3216 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3217 SN 0028-0836 3218 J9 NATURE 3219 JI Nature 3220 PD NOV 3 3221 PY 2005 3222 VL 438 3223 IS 7064 3224 BP 51 3225 EP 56 3226 PG 6 3227 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3228 GA 979XS 3229 UT ISI:000232979000038 3230 ER 3231 3232 PT J 3233 AU Boule, JB 3234 Vega, LR 3235 Zakian, VA 3236 TI The yeast Pif1p helicase removes telomerase from telomeric DNA 3237 SO NATURE 3238 LA English 3239 DT Article 3240 ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; NUCLEOPROTEIN 3241 FILAMENTS; CHROMOSOME ENDS; IN-VIVO; ELONGATION; IDENTIFICATION; 3242 DISRUPTION; SUBFAMILY; COMPLEX 3243 AB Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Genetic 3244 studies have established that the baker's yeast Pif1p DNA helicase is a 3245 negative regulator of telomerase, the specialized reverse transcriptase 3246 that maintains telomeric DNA, but the biochemical basis for this 3247 inhibition was unknown. Here we show that in vitro, Pif1p reduces the 3248 processivity of telomerase and releases telomerase from telomeric 3249 oligonucleotides. The released telomerase is enzymatically active 3250 because it is able to lengthen a challenger oligonucleotide. In vivo, 3251 overexpression of Pif1p reduces telomerase association with telomeres, 3252 whereas depleting cells of Pif1p increases the levels of telomere-bound 3253 Est1p, a telomerase subunit that is present on the telomere when 3254 telomerase is active. We propose that Pif1p helicase activity limits 3255 telomerase action both in vivo and in vitro by displacing active 3256 telomerase from DNA ends. 3257 C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 3258 RP Zakian, VA, Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 3259 EM vzakian@molbio.princeton.edu 3260 NR 37 3261 TC 0 3262 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3263 PI LONDON 3264 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3265 SN 0028-0836 3266 J9 NATURE 3267 JI Nature 3268 PD NOV 3 3269 PY 2005 3270 VL 438 3271 IS 7064 3272 BP 57 3273 EP 61 3274 PG 5 3275 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3276 GA 979XS 3277 UT ISI:000232979000039 3278 ER 3279 3280 PT J 3281 AU Shen, ZQ 3282 Lo, KY 3283 Liang, MC 3284 Ho, PTP 3285 Zhao, JH 3286 TI A size of similar to 1 AU for the radio source Sgr A* at the centre of 3287 the Milky Way 3288 SO NATURE 3289 LA English 3290 DT Article 3291 ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; SAGITTARIUS-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; X-RAY; NUCLEI; 3292 MILLIMETER; SPECTRUM; MODELS 3293 AB Although it is widely accepted that most galaxies have supermassive 3294 black holes at their centres(1-3), concrete proof has proved elusive. 3295 Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*)(4), an extremely compact radio source at the 3296 centre of our Galaxy, is the best candidate for proof(5-7), because it 3297 is the closest. Previous very-long-baseline interferometry observations 3298 ( at 7 mm wavelength) reported that Sgr A* is similar to 2 astronomical 3299 units (AU) in size(8), but this is still larger than the 'shadow' ( a 3300 remarkably dim inner region encircled by a bright ring) that should 3301 arise from general relativistic effects near the event horizon of the 3302 black hole(9). Moreover, the measured size is wavelength dependent(10). 3303 Here we report a radio image of Sgr A* at a wavelength of 3.5 mm, 3304 demonstrating that its size is similar to 1 AU. When combined with the 3305 lower limit on its mass(11), the lower limit on the mass density is 6.5 3306 x 10(21) M-. pc(-3) (where M-. is the solar mass), which provides 3307 strong evidence that Sgr A* is a supermassive black hole. The power-law 3308 relationship between wavelength and intrinsic size ( size proportional 3309 to wavelength(1.09)) explicitly rules out explanations other than those 3310 emission models with stratified structure, which predict a smaller 3311 emitting region observed at a shorter radio wavelength. 3312 C1 Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. 3313 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. 3314 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 3315 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 3316 Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. 3317 RP Shen, ZQ, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030, 3318 Peoples R China. 3319 EM zshen@shao.ac.cn 3320 NR 29 3321 TC 1 3322 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3323 PI LONDON 3324 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3325 SN 0028-0836 3326 J9 NATURE 3327 JI Nature 3328 PD NOV 3 3329 PY 2005 3330 VL 438 3331 IS 7064 3332 BP 62 3333 EP 64 3334 PG 3 3335 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3336 GA 979XS 3337 UT ISI:000232979000040 3338 ER 3339 3340 PT J 3341 AU Vlasov, YA 3342 O'Boyle, M 3343 Hamann, HF 3344 McNab, SJ 3345 TI Active control of slow light on a chip with photonic crystal waveguides 3346 SO NATURE 3347 LA English 3348 DT Article 3349 ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; THERMOOPTICAL SWITCH; ATOMIC MEDIUM; PULSES 3350 AB It is known that light can be slowed down in dispersive materials near 3351 resonances(1). Dramatic reduction of the light group velocity and even 3352 bringing light pulses to a complete halt - has been demonstrated 3353 recently in various atomic(2-5) and solid state systems(6-8), where the 3354 material absorption is cancelled via quantum optical coherent 3355 effects(3-5,7). Exploitation of slow light phenomena has potential for 3356 applications ranging from all-optical storage to all-optical 3357 switching(9,10). Existing schemes, however, are restricted to the 3358 narrow frequency range of the material resonance, which limits the 3359 operation frequency, maximum data rate and storage capacity(10). 3360 Moreover, the implementation of external lasers, low pressures and/or 3361 low temperatures prevents miniaturization and hinders practical 3362 applications. Here we experimentally demonstrate an over 300-fold 3363 reduction of the group velocity on a silicon chip via an ultra-compact 3364 photonic integrated circuit using low-loss silicon photonic crystal 3365 waveguides(11,12) that can support an optical mode with a submicrometre 3366 cross-section(13,14). In addition, we show fast (similar to 100 ns) and 3367 efficient (2 mW electric power) active control of the group velocity by 3368 localized heating of the photonic crystal waveguide with an integrated 3369 micro-heater. 3370 C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. 3371 RP Vlasov, YA, IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 3372 USA. 3373 EM yvlasov@us.ibm.com 3374 NR 28 3375 TC 0 3376 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3377 PI LONDON 3378 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3379 SN 0028-0836 3380 J9 NATURE 3381 JI Nature 3382 PD NOV 3 3383 PY 2005 3384 VL 438 3385 IS 7064 3386 BP 65 3387 EP 69 3388 PG 5 3389 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3390 GA 979XS 3391 UT ISI:000232979000041 3392 ER 3393 3394 PT J 3395 AU Piana, S 3396 Reyhani, M 3397 Gale, JD 3398 TI Simulating micrometre-scale crystal growth from solution 3399 SO NATURE 3400 LA English 3401 DT Article 3402 ID UREA CRYSTALS; KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; MECHANISMS; SURFACES; WATER 3403 AB Understanding crystal growth is essential for controlling the 3404 crystallization used in industrial separation and purification 3405 processes. Because solids interact through their surfaces, crystal 3406 shape can influence both chemical and physical properties(1). The 3407 thermodynamic morphology can readily be predicted(2), but most particle 3408 shapes are actually controlled by the kinetics of the atomic growth 3409 processes through which assembly occurs(3). Here we study the urea - 3410 solvent interface at the nanometre scale and report kinetic Monte Carlo 3411 simulations of the micrometre- scale three-dimensional growth of urea 3412 crystals. These simulations accurately reproduce experimentally 3413 observed crystal growth. Unlike previous models of crystal growth(4-6), 3414 no assumption is made that the morphology can be constructed from the 3415 results for independently growing surfaces or from an a priori 3416 specification of surface defect concentration. This approach offers 3417 insights into the role of the solvent, the degree of supersaturation, 3418 and the contribution that extended defects ( such as screw 3419 dislocations) make to crystal growth. It also connects observations 3420 made at the nanometre scale, through in situ atomic force microscopy, 3421 with those made at the macroscopic level. If extended to include 3422 additives, the technique could lead to the computer-aided design of 3423 crystals. 3424 C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Nanochem Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. 3425 RP Gale, JD, Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Nanochem Res Inst, GPO 3426 Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. 3427 EM J.Gale@curtin.edu.au 3428 NR 22 3429 TC 0 3430 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3431 PI LONDON 3432 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3433 SN 0028-0836 3434 J9 NATURE 3435 JI Nature 3436 PD NOV 3 3437 PY 2005 3438 VL 438 3439 IS 7064 3440 BP 70 3441 EP 73 3442 PG 4 3443 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3444 GA 979XS 3445 UT ISI:000232979000042 3446 ER 3447 3448 PT J 3449 AU Church, JA 3450 White, NJ 3451 Arblaster, JM 3452 TI Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and 3453 ocean heat content 3454 SO NATURE 3455 LA English 3456 DT Article 3457 ID 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE; ANTHROPOGENIC FORCINGS; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; 3458 MODEL; RISE; ICE 3459 AB Ocean thermal expansion contributes significantly to sea-level 3460 variability and rise(1). However, observed decadal variability in ocean 3461 heat content(2,3) and sea level(4) has not been reproduced well in 3462 climate models(5). Aerosols injected into the stratosphere during 3463 volcanic eruptions scatter incoming solar radiation, and cause a rapid 3464 cooling of the atmosphere(6,7) and a reduction in rainfall(6,8,9,) as 3465 well as other changes in the climate system(7). Here we use 3466 observations of ocean heat content(2,3) and a set of climate 3467 simulations to show that large volcanic eruptions result in rapid 3468 reductions in ocean heat content and global mean sea level. For the Mt 3469 Pinatubo eruption, we estimate a reduction in ocean heat content of 3470 about 3 x 10(22) J and a global sea-level fall of about 5 mm. Over the 3471 three years following such an eruption, we estimate a decrease in 3472 evaporation of up to 0.1 mm d(-1), comparable to observed changes in 3473 mean land precipitation(6,8,9). The recovery of sea level following the 3474 Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991 explains about half of the difference 3475 between the long-termrate of sea-level rise(4) of 1.8 mm yr(-1) ( for 3476 1950 - 2000), and the higher rate estimated for the more recent period 3477 where satellite altimeter data are available (1993 - 2000)(4,10). 3478 C1 CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. 3479 Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. 3480 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. 3481 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. 3482 RP Church, JA, CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 3483 7001, Australia. 3484 EM John.Church@csiro.au 3485 NR 28 3486 TC 1 3487 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3488 PI LONDON 3489 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3490 SN 0028-0836 3491 J9 NATURE 3492 JI Nature 3493 PD NOV 3 3494 PY 2005 3495 VL 438 3496 IS 7064 3497 BP 74 3498 EP 77 3499 PG 4 3500 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3501 GA 979XS 3502 UT ISI:000232979000043 3503 ER 3504 3505 PT J 3506 AU Unsworth, MJ 3507 Jones, AG 3508 Wei, W 3509 Marquis, G 3510 Gokarn, SG 3511 Spratt, JE 3512 CA INDEPTH-MT Team 3513 TI Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from 3514 magnetotelluric data 3515 SO NATURE 3516 LA English 3517 DT Article 3518 ID EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION; MIDDLE CRUST; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU; 3519 CONSTRAINTS; COLLISION; GRANITE; CHANNEL; FLUIDS; FLOW 3520 AB The Cenozoic collision between the Indian and Asian continents formed 3521 the Tibetan plateau, beginning about 70 million years ago. Since this 3522 time, at least 1,400 km of convergence has been accommodated(1) by a 3523 combination of underthrusting of Indian(2) and Asian lithosphere, 3524 crustal shortening(3), horizontal extrusion(4) and lithospheric 3525 delamination(5). Rocks exposed in the Himalaya show evidence of crustal 3526 melting(1,6) and are thought to have been exhumed by rapid erosion and 3527 climatically forced crustal flow(7,8). Magnetotelluric data can be used 3528 to image subsurface electrical resistivity, a parameter sensitive to 3529 the presence of interconnected fluids in the host rock matrix, even at 3530 low volume fractions. Here we present magnetotelluric data from the 3531 Tibetan - Himalayan orogen from 77 degrees E to 92 degrees E, which 3532 show that low resistivity, interpreted as a partially molten layer, is 3533 present along at least 1,000 km of the southern margin of the Tibetan 3534 plateau. The inferred low viscosity of this layer is consistent with 3535 the development of climatically forced crustal flow in Southern Tibet. 3536 C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. 3537 Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. 3538 China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Geodetect Lab, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. 3539 Univ Strasbourg, EOST IPGS, EOST ULP, UMR 7516, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. 3540 Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. 3541 RP Unsworth, MJ, Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. 3542 EM unsworth@phys.Ualberta.ca 3543 NR 30 3544 TC 0 3545 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3546 PI LONDON 3547 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3548 SN 0028-0836 3549 J9 NATURE 3550 JI Nature 3551 PD NOV 3 3552 PY 2005 3553 VL 438 3554 IS 7064 3555 BP 78 3556 EP 81 3557 PG 4 3558 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3559 GA 979XS 3560 UT ISI:000232979000044 3561 ER 3562 3563 PT J 3564 AU Giovannoni, SJ 3565 Bibbs, L 3566 Cho, JC 3567 Stapels, MD 3568 Desiderio, R 3569 Vergin, KL 3570 Rappe, MS 3571 Laney, S 3572 Wilhelm, LJ 3573 Tripp, HJ 3574 Mathur, EJ 3575 Barofsky, DF 3576 TI Proteorhodopsin in the ubiquitous marine bacterium SAR11 3577 SO NATURE 3578 LA English 3579 DT Article 3580 ID OCEAN; SEA; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOTROPHY; GENES; CLADE 3581 AB Proteorhodopsins are light-dependent proton pumps that are predicted to 3582 have an important role in the ecology of the oceans by supplying energy 3583 for microbial metabolism(1,2). Proteorhodopsin genes were first 3584 discovered through the cloning and sequencing of large genomic DNA 3585 fragments from seawater(1). They were later shown to be widely 3586 distributed, phylogenetically diverse, and active in the oceans(3-7). 3587 Proteorhodopsin genes have not been found in cultured bacteria, and on 3588 the basis of environmental sequence data, it has not yet been possible 3589 to reconstruct the genomes of uncultured bacterial strains that have 3590 proteorhodopsin genes. Although the metabolic effect of 3591 proteorhodopsins is uncertain, they are thought to function in cells 3592 for which the primary mode of metabolism is the heterotrophic 3593 assimilation of dissolved organic carbon. Here we report that SAR11 3594 strain HTCC1062 ('Pelagibacter ubique')(8), the first cultivated member 3595 of the extraordinarily abundant SAR11 clade, expresses a 3596 proteorhodopsin gene when cultured in autoclaved seawater and in its 3597 natural environment, the ocean. The Pelagibacter proteorhodopsin 3598 functions as a light-dependent proton pump. The gene is expressed by 3599 cells grown in either diurnal light or in darkness, and there is no 3600 difference between the growth rates or cell yields of cultures grown in 3601 light or darkness. 3602 C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. 3603 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. 3604 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. 3605 Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. 3606 RP Giovannoni, SJ, Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 3607 USA. 3608 EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu 3609 NR 21 3610 TC 0 3611 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3612 PI LONDON 3613 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3614 SN 0028-0836 3615 J9 NATURE 3616 JI Nature 3617 PD NOV 3 3618 PY 2005 3619 VL 438 3620 IS 7064 3621 BP 82 3622 EP 85 3623 PG 4 3624 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3625 GA 979XS 3626 UT ISI:000232979000045 3627 ER 3628 3629 PT J 3630 AU Lindell, D 3631 Jaffe, JD 3632 Johnson, ZI 3633 Church, GM 3634 Chisholm, SW 3635 TI Photosynthesis genes in marine viruses yield proteins during host 3636 infection 3637 SO NATURE 3638 LA English 3639 DT Article 3640 ID SYNECHOCOCCUS STRAINS; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; GENOME; METABOLISM; PHAGE; LIGHT 3641 AB Cyanobacteria, and the viruses ( phages) that infect them, are 3642 significant contributors to the oceanic 'gene pool'(1,2). This pool is 3643 dynamic, and the transfer of genetic material between hosts and their 3644 phages(3-6) probably influences the genetic and functional diversity of 3645 both. For example, photosynthesis genes of cyanobacterial origin have 3646 been found in phages that infect Prochlorococcus(5,7) and 3647 Synechococcus(8,9), the numerically dominant phototrophs in ocean 3648 ecosystems. These genes include psbA, which encodes the photosystem II 3649 core reaction centre protein D1, and high-light-inducible ( hli) genes. 3650 Here we show that phage psbA and hli genes are expressed during 3651 infection of Prochlorococcus and are cotranscribed with essential phage 3652 capsid genes, and that the amount of phage D1 protein increases 3653 steadily over the infective period. We also show that the expression of 3654 host photosynthesis genes declines over the course of infection and 3655 that replication of the phage genome is a function of photosynthesis. 3656 We thus propose that the phage genes are functional in photosynthesis 3657 and that they may be increasing phage fitness by supplementing the host 3658 production of these proteins. 3659 C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 3660 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 3661 MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 3662 RP Chisholm, SW, MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 3663 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 3664 EM chisholm@mit.edu 3665 NR 29 3666 TC 0 3667 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3668 PI LONDON 3669 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3670 SN 0028-0836 3671 J9 NATURE 3672 JI Nature 3673 PD NOV 3 3674 PY 2005 3675 VL 438 3676 IS 7064 3677 BP 86 3678 EP 89 3679 PG 4 3680 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3681 GA 979XS 3682 UT ISI:000232979000046 3683 ER 3684 3685 PT J 3686 AU Croft, MT 3687 Lawrence, AD 3688 Raux-Deery, E 3689 Warren, MJ 3690 Smith, AG 3691 TI Algae acquire vitamin B-12 through a symbiotic relationship with 3692 bacteria 3693 SO NATURE 3694 LA English 3695 DT Article 3696 ID COBALAMIN VITAMIN-B-12; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METABOLISM; REDUCTASE; 3697 EVOLUTION; FOLATE; GENOME 3698 AB Vitamin B-12 ( cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the 3699 anti- pernicious anaemia factor in liver(1), and its importance in 3700 human health and disease has resulted in much work on its uptake(2), 3701 cellular transport(3) and utilization(4). Plants do not contain 3702 cobalamin because they have no cobalamin-dependent enzymes. 3703 Deficiencies are therefore common in strict vegetarians(5), and in the 3704 elderly, who are susceptible to an autoimmune disorder that prevents 3705 its efficient uptake(6). In contrast, many algae are rich in vitamin 3706 B-12, with some species, such as Porphyra yezoensis (Nori), containing 3707 as much cobalamin as liver(7). Despite this, the role of the cofactor 3708 in algal metabolism remains unknown, as does the source of the vitamin 3709 for these organisms. A survey of 326 algal species revealed that 171 3710 species require exogenous vitamin B-12 for growth, implying that more 3711 than half of the algal kingdom are cobalamin auxotrophs. Here we show 3712 that the role of vitamin B-12 in algal metabolism is primarily as a 3713 cofactor for vitamin B-12-dependent methionine synthase, and that 3714 cobalamin auxotrophy has arisen numerous times throughout evolution, 3715 probably owing to the loss of the vitamin B-12-independent form of the 3716 enzyme. The source of cobalamin seems to be bacteria, indicating an 3717 important and unsuspected symbiosis. 3718 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. 3719 Univ Kent, Dept Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England. 3720 RP Smith, AG, Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. 3721 EM as25@cam.ac.uk 3722 NR 28 3723 TC 1 3724 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3725 PI LONDON 3726 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3727 SN 0028-0836 3728 J9 NATURE 3729 JI Nature 3730 PD NOV 3 3731 PY 2005 3732 VL 438 3733 IS 7064 3734 BP 90 3735 EP 93 3736 PG 4 3737 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3738 GA 979XS 3739 UT ISI:000232979000047 3740 ER 3741 3742 PT J 3743 AU Brunet, I 3744 Weinl, C 3745 Piper, M 3746 Trembleau, A 3747 Volovitch, M 3748 Harris, W 3749 Prochiantz, A 3750 Holt, C 3751 TI The transcription factor Engrailed-2 guides retinal axons 3752 SO NATURE 3753 LA English 3754 DT Article 3755 ID GANGLION-CELL AXONS; OPTIC TECTUM; TYROSINE KINASES; GROWTH CONES; 3756 EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; TRANSLATION; HOMEOPROTEIN; GUIDANCE; LIGANDS 3757 AB Engrailed-2 (En-2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in 3758 a caudal-to-rostral gradient in the developing midbrain, where it has 3759 an instructive role in patterning the optic tectum - the target of 3760 topographic retinal input(1,2). In addition to its well-known role in 3761 regulating gene expression through its DNA-binding domain, En-2 may 3762 also have a role in cell - cell communication, as suggested by the 3763 presence of other domains involved in nuclear export, secretion and 3764 internalization(3). Consistent with this possibility, here we report 3765 that an external gradient of En-2 protein strongly repels growth cones 3766 of Xenopus axons originating from the temporal retina and, conversely, 3767 attracts nasal axons. Fluorescently tagged En-2 accumulates inside 3768 growth cones within minutes of exposure, and a mutant form of the 3769 protein that cannot enter cells fails to elicit axon turning. Once 3770 internalized, En-2 stimulates the rapid phosphorylation of proteins 3771 involved in translation initiation and triggers the local synthesis of 3772 new proteins. Furthermore, the turning responses of both nasal and 3773 temporal growth cones in the presence of En-2 are blocked by inhibitors 3774 of protein synthesis. The differential guidance of nasal and temporal 3775 axons reported here suggests that En-2 may participate directly in 3776 topographic map formation in the vertebrate visual system. 3777 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England. 3778 Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 8542, F-75230 Paris, France. 3779 RP Holt, C, Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3DY, 3780 England. 3781 EM prochian@biologie.ens.fr 3782 ceh@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk 3783 NR 27 3784 TC 0 3785 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3786 PI LONDON 3787 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3788 SN 0028-0836 3789 J9 NATURE 3790 JI Nature 3791 PD NOV 3 3792 PY 2005 3793 VL 438 3794 IS 7064 3795 BP 94 3796 EP 98 3797 PG 5 3798 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3799 GA 979XS 3800 UT ISI:000232979000048 3801 ER 3802 3803 PT J 3804 AU Veazey, RS 3805 Klasse, PJ 3806 Schader, SM 3807 Hu, QX 3808 Ketas, TJ 3809 Lu, M 3810 Marx, PA 3811 Dufour, J 3812 Colonno, RJ 3813 Shattock, RJ 3814 Springer, MS 3815 Moore, JP 3816 TI Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally 3817 delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion 3818 SO NATURE 3819 LA English 3820 DT Article 3821 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION; ENTRY INHIBITORS; CCR5 3822 INHIBITOR; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; ANTAGONISTS; ATTACHMENT; PREVENTION; 3823 DISCOVERY 3824 AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to spread, 3825 principally by heterosexual sex, but no vaccine is available(1). Hence, 3826 alternative prevention methods are needed to supplement educational and 3827 behavioural-modification programmes. One such approach is a vaginal 3828 microbicide: the application of inhibitory compounds before 3829 intercourse(2). Here, we have evaluated the microbicide concept using 3830 the rhesus macaque 'high dose'vaginal transmission model with a 3831 CCR5-receptor-using simian - human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-162P3) 3832 and three compounds that inhibit different stages of the virus - cell 3833 attachment and entry process. These compounds are BMS-378806, a small 3834 molecule that binds the viral gp120 glycoprotein and prevents its 3835 attachment to the CD4 and CCR5 receptors(3,4), CMPD167, a small 3836 molecule that binds to CCR5 to inhibit gp120 association(5), and C52L, 3837 a bacterially expressed peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated fusion(6). 3838 In vitro, all three compounds inhibit infection of T cells and cervical 3839 tissue explants, and C52L acts synergistically with CMPD167 or 3840 BMS-378806 to inhibit infection of cell lines. In vivo, significant 3841 protection was achieved using each compound alone and in combinations. 3842 CMPD167 and BMS-378806 were protective even when applied 6 h before 3843 challenge. 3844 C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA. 3845 Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA. 3846 Univ London, St Georges, London SW17 0RE, England. 3847 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. 3848 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Inst Pharmaceut, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. 3849 Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. 3850 RP Moore, JP, Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New 3851 York, NY 10021 USA. 3852 EM jpm2003@med.cornell.edu 3853 NR 30 3854 TC 0 3855 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3856 PI LONDON 3857 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3858 SN 0028-0836 3859 J9 NATURE 3860 JI Nature 3861 PD NOV 3 3862 PY 2005 3863 VL 438 3864 IS 7064 3865 BP 99 3866 EP 102 3867 PG 4 3868 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3869 GA 979XS 3870 UT ISI:000232979000049 3871 ER 3872 3873 PT J 3874 AU LaCount, DJ 3875 Vignali, M 3876 Chettier, R 3877 Phansalkar, A 3878 Bell, R 3879 Hesselberth, JR 3880 Schoenfeld, LW 3881 Ota, I 3882 Sahasrabudhe, S 3883 Kurschner, C 3884 Fields, S 3885 Hughes, RE 3886 TI A protein interaction network of the malaria parasite Plasmodium 3887 falciparum 3888 SO NATURE 3889 LA English 3890 DT Article 3891 ID LIFE-CYCLE; BIOLOGY; YEAST; GENOMICS; COMPLEX; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; 3892 ORGANIZATION; ERYTHROCYTE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE 3893 AB Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and kills 3894 up to 2.7 million people annually(1). Despite the global importance of 3895 P. falciparum, the vast majority of its proteins have not been 3896 characterized experimentally. Here we identify P. falciparum protein - 3897 protein interactions using a high-throughput version of the yeast 3898 two-hybrid assay that circumvents the difficulties in expressing P. 3899 falciparum proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From more than 32,000 3900 yeast two-hybrid screens with P. falciparum protein fragments, we 3901 identified 2,846 unique interactions, most of which include at least 3902 one previously uncharacterized protein. Informatic analyses of network 3903 connectivity, coexpression of the genes encoding interacting fragments, 3904 and enrichment of specific protein domains or Gene Ontology 3905 annotations(2) were used to identify groups of interacting proteins, 3906 including one implicated in chromatin modification, transcription, 3907 messenger RNA stability and ubiquitination, and another implicated in 3908 the invasion of host cells. These data constitute the first extensive 3909 description of the protein interaction network for this important human 3910 pathogen. 3911 C1 Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 3912 Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 3913 Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 3914 Prolexys Pharmaceut Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA. 3915 RP Fields, S, Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 357730, 3916 Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 3917 EM fields@u.washington.edu 3918 rhughes@buckinstitute.org 3919 NR 30 3920 TC 0 3921 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3922 PI LONDON 3923 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3924 SN 0028-0836 3925 J9 NATURE 3926 JI Nature 3927 PD NOV 3 3928 PY 2005 3929 VL 438 3930 IS 7064 3931 BP 103 3932 EP 107 3933 PG 5 3934 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3935 GA 979XS 3936 UT ISI:000232979000050 3937 ER 3938 3939 PT J 3940 AU Suthram, S 3941 Sittler, T 3942 Ideker, T 3943 TI The Plasmodium protein network diverges from those of other eukaryotes 3944 SO NATURE 3945 LA English 3946 DT Article 3947 ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERACTION MAP; LIFE-CYCLE; FALCIPARUM; 3948 MALARIA; ENDOCYTOSIS; ANNOTATION; BIOLOGY; GENOMES; YEAST 3949 AB Plasmodium falciparum is the pathogen responsible for over 90% of human 3950 deaths from malaria(1). Therefore, it has been the focus of a 3951 considerable research initiative, involving the complete DNA sequencing 3952 of the genome(2), large-scale expression analyses(3,4), and protein 3953 characterization of its life-cycle stages(5). The Plasmodium genome 3954 sequence is relatively distant from those of most other eukaryotes, 3955 with more than 60% of the 5,334 encoded proteins lacking any notable 3956 sequence similarity to other organisms(2). To systematically elucidate 3957 functional relationships among these proteins, a large two-hybrid study 3958 has recently mapped a network of 2,846 interactions involving 1,312 3959 proteins within Plasmodium6. This network adds to a growing collection 3960 of available interaction maps for a number of different organisms, and 3961 raises questions about whether the divergence of Plasmodium at the 3962 sequence level is reflected in the configuration of its protein 3963 network. Here we examine the degree of conservation between the 3964 Plasmodium protein network and those of model organisms. Although we 3965 find 29 highly connected protein complexes specific to the network of 3966 the pathogen, we find very little conservation with complexes observed 3967 in other organisms ( three in yeast, none in the others). Overall, the 3968 patterns of protein interaction in Plasmodium, like its genome 3969 sequence, set it apart from other species. 3970 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 3971 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 3972 RP Suthram, S, Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 3973 92093 USA. 3974 EM ssuthram@ucsd.edu 3975 NR 30 3976 TC 0 3977 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 3978 PI LONDON 3979 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 3980 SN 0028-0836 3981 J9 NATURE 3982 JI Nature 3983 PD NOV 3 3984 PY 2005 3985 VL 438 3986 IS 7064 3987 BP 108 3988 EP 112 3989 PG 5 3990 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 3991 GA 979XS 3992 UT ISI:000232979000051 3993 ER 3994 3995 PT J 3996 AU Lipford, JR 3997 Smith, GT 3998 Chi, Y 3999 Deshaies, RJ 4000 TI A putative stimulatory role for activator turnover in gene expression 4001 SO NATURE 4002 LA English 4003 DT Article 4004 ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GCN4; UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASOME 4005 INHIBITION; YEAST; DEGRADATION; KINASE; RECRUITMENT; STRESS; GAL4 4006 AB The ubiquitin - proteasome system (UPS) promotes the destruction of 4007 target proteins by attaching to them a ubiquitin chain that is 4008 recognized by the 26S proteasome(1). The UPS influences most cellular 4009 processes, and its targets include transcriptional activators that are 4010 primary determinants of gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates 4011 that non-proteolytic functions of the UPS might stimulate 4012 transcriptional activity(2,3). Here we show that the proteolysis of 4013 some transcriptional activators by the UPS can stimulate their 4014 function. We focused on the role of UPS-dependent proteolysis in the 4015 function of inducible transcriptional activators in yeast, and found 4016 that inhibition of the proteasome(4) reduced transcription of the 4017 targets of the activators Gcn4, Gal4 and Ino2/4. In addition, mutations 4018 in SCFCdc4, the ubiquitin ligase for Gcn4 (ref. 5), or mutations in 4019 ubiquitin that prevent degradation(6), also impaired the transcription 4020 of Gcn4 targets. These transcriptional defects were manifested despite 4021 the enhanced abundance of Gcn4 on cognate promoters. Proteasome 4022 inhibition also decreased the association of RNA polymerase II with 4023 Gcn4, Gal4 and Ino2/4 targets, as did mutations in SCFCdc4 for Gcn4 4024 targets. Expression of a stable phospho-site mutant of Gcn4 ( ref. 7) 4025 or disruption of the kinases that target Gcn4 for turnover(5,7) 4026 alleviated the sensitivity of Gcn4 activity to defects in the UPS. 4027 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 4028 RP Deshaies, RJ, CALTECH, Div Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, MC 156-29,1200 4029 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 4030 EM deshaies@caltech.edu 4031 NR 27 4032 TC 0 4033 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4034 PI LONDON 4035 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4036 SN 0028-0836 4037 J9 NATURE 4038 JI Nature 4039 PD NOV 3 4040 PY 2005 4041 VL 438 4042 IS 7064 4043 BP 113 4044 EP 116 4045 PG 4 4046 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4047 GA 979XS 4048 UT ISI:000232979000052 4049 ER 4050 4051 PT J 4052 AU Eisenmesser, EZ 4053 Millet, O 4054 Labeikovsky, W 4055 Korzhnev, DM 4056 Wolf-Watz, M 4057 Bosco, DA 4058 Skalicky, JJ 4059 Kay, LE 4060 Kern, D 4061 TI Intrinsic dynamics of an enzyme underlies catalysis 4062 SO NATURE 4063 LA English 4064 DT Article 4065 ID CIS-TRANS-ISOMERIZATION; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE 4066 ISOMERASE; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; 4067 CYCLOPHILIN-A; LOOP MOTION; FLEXIBILITY; STATES 4068 AB A unique feature of chemical catalysis mediated by enzymes is that the 4069 catalytically reactive atoms are embedded within a folded protein. 4070 Although current understanding of enzyme function has been focused on 4071 the chemical reactions and static three-dimensional structures, the 4072 dynamic nature of proteins has been proposed to have a function in 4073 catalysis(1-5). The concept of conformational substates has been 4074 described(6); however, the challenge is to unravel the intimate linkage 4075 between protein flexibility and enzymatic function. Here we show that 4076 the intrinsic plasticity of the protein is a key characteristic of 4077 catalysis. The dynamics of the prolyl cis - trans isomerase cyclophilin 4078 A ( CypA) in its substrate-free state and during catalysis were 4079 characterized with NMR relaxation experiments. The characteristic 4080 enzyme motions detected during catalysis are already present in the 4081 free enzyme with frequencies corresponding to the catalytic turnover 4082 rates. This correlation suggests that the protein motions necessary for 4083 catalysis are an intrinsic property of the enzyme and may even limit 4084 the overall turnover rate. Motion is localized not only to the active 4085 site but also to a wider dynamic network. Whereas coupled networks in 4086 proteins have been proposed previously(3,7-10), we experimentally 4087 measured the collective nature of motions with the use of mutant forms 4088 of CypA. We propose that the pre-existence of collective dynamics in 4089 enzymes before catalysis is a common feature of biocatalysts and that 4090 proteins have evolved under synergistic pressure between structure and 4091 dynamics. 4092 C1 Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. 4093 Univ Toronto, Dept Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. 4094 Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. 4095 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. 4096 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. 4097 RP Kern, D, Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem, Waltham, 4098 MA 02454 USA. 4099 EM dkern@brandeis.edu 4100 NR 30 4101 TC 1 4102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4103 PI LONDON 4104 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4105 SN 0028-0836 4106 J9 NATURE 4107 JI Nature 4108 PD NOV 3 4109 PY 2005 4110 VL 438 4111 IS 7064 4112 BP 117 4113 EP 121 4114 PG 5 4115 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4116 GA 979XS 4117 UT ISI:000232979000053 4118 ER 4119 4120 PT J 4121 AU Tripati, A 4122 Backman, J 4123 Elderfield, H 4124 Ferretti, P 4125 TI Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes 4126 (vol 436, pg 341, 2005) 4127 SO NATURE 4128 LA English 4129 DT Correction 4130 NR 3 4131 TC 0 4132 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4133 PI LONDON 4134 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4135 SN 0028-0836 4136 J9 NATURE 4137 JI Nature 4138 PD NOV 3 4139 PY 2005 4140 VL 438 4141 IS 7064 4142 BP 122 4143 EP 122 4144 PG 1 4145 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4146 GA 979XS 4147 UT ISI:000232979000054 4148 ER 4149 4150 PT J 4151 AU Arrigo, KR 4152 TI Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles (vol 437, pg 349, 2005) 4153 SO NATURE 4154 LA English 4155 DT Correction 4156 NR 1 4157 TC 0 4158 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4159 PI LONDON 4160 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4161 SN 0028-0836 4162 J9 NATURE 4163 JI Nature 4164 PD NOV 3 4165 PY 2005 4166 VL 438 4167 IS 7064 4168 BP 122 4169 EP 122 4170 PG 1 4171 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4172 GA 979XS 4173 UT ISI:000232979000055 4174 ER 4175 4176 PT J 4177 AU Seller-Mason, S 4178 TI Shopping - Place your bets and buy into the future. 4179 SO NATURE 4180 LA English 4181 DT Editorial Material 4182 NR 0 4183 TC 0 4184 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4185 PI LONDON 4186 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4187 SN 0028-0836 4188 J9 NATURE 4189 JI Nature 4190 PD NOV 3 4191 PY 2005 4192 VL 438 4193 IS 7064 4194 BP 128 4195 EP 128 4196 PG 1 4197 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4198 GA 979XS 4199 UT ISI:000232979000056 4200 ER 4201 4202 PT J 4203 AU [Anon] 4204 TI Waking up to the importance of sleep 4205 SO NATURE 4206 LA English 4207 DT Editorial Material 4208 NR 0 4209 TC 0 4210 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4211 PI LONDON 4212 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4213 SN 0028-0836 4214 J9 NATURE 4215 JI Nature 4216 PD OCT 27 4217 PY 2005 4218 VL 437 4219 IS 7063 4220 BP 1207 4221 EP 1207 4222 PG 1 4223 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4224 GA 977UQ 4225 UT ISI:000232829100001 4226 ER 4227 4228 PT J 4229 AU [Anon] 4230 TI Is the city safe? 4231 SO NATURE 4232 LA English 4233 DT Editorial Material 4234 NR 0 4235 TC 0 4236 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4237 PI LONDON 4238 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4239 SN 0028-0836 4240 J9 NATURE 4241 JI Nature 4242 PD OCT 27 4243 PY 2005 4244 VL 437 4245 IS 7063 4246 BP 1207 4247 EP 1208 4248 PG 2 4249 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4250 GA 977UQ 4251 UT ISI:000232829100002 4252 ER 4253 4254 PT J 4255 AU [Anon] 4256 TI Free tips 4257 SO NATURE 4258 LA English 4259 DT Editorial Material 4260 NR 0 4261 TC 0 4262 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4263 PI LONDON 4264 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4265 SN 0028-0836 4266 J9 NATURE 4267 JI Nature 4268 PD OCT 27 4269 PY 2005 4270 VL 437 4271 IS 7063 4272 BP 1208 4273 EP 1208 4274 PG 1 4275 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4276 GA 977UQ 4277 UT ISI:000232829100003 4278 ER 4279 4280 PT J 4281 AU Simonite, T 4282 TI Migration threatens to send flu south 4283 SO NATURE 4284 LA English 4285 DT News Item 4286 NR 0 4287 TC 0 4288 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4289 PI LONDON 4290 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4291 SN 0028-0836 4292 J9 NATURE 4293 JI Nature 4294 PD OCT 27 4295 PY 2005 4296 VL 437 4297 IS 7063 4298 BP 1212 4299 EP 1213 4300 PG 2 4301 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4302 GA 977UQ 4303 UT ISI:000232829100004 4304 ER 4305 4306 PT J 4307 AU Butler, D 4308 TI Ornithologists on the front line 4309 SO NATURE 4310 LA English 4311 DT News Item 4312 NR 0 4313 TC 0 4314 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4315 PI LONDON 4316 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4317 SN 0028-0836 4318 J9 NATURE 4319 JI Nature 4320 PD OCT 27 4321 PY 2005 4322 VL 437 4323 IS 7063 4324 BP 1212 4325 EP 1213 4326 PG 2 4327 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4328 GA 977UQ 4329 UT ISI:000232829100005 4330 ER 4331 4332 PT J 4333 AU Check, E 4334 TI Trial aims to measure social effects of choosing babies' sex 4335 SO NATURE 4336 LA English 4337 DT News Item 4338 NR 0 4339 TC 0 4340 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4341 PI LONDON 4342 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4343 SN 0028-0836 4344 J9 NATURE 4345 JI Nature 4346 PD OCT 27 4347 PY 2005 4348 VL 437 4349 IS 7063 4350 BP 1214 4351 EP 1215 4352 PG 2 4353 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4354 GA 977UQ 4355 UT ISI:000232829100006 4356 ER 4357 4358 PT J 4359 AU Abbott, A 4360 TI Europe revamps visa rules to attract world's best minds 4361 SO NATURE 4362 LA English 4363 DT News Item 4364 NR 0 4365 TC 0 4366 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4367 PI LONDON 4368 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4369 SN 0028-0836 4370 J9 NATURE 4371 JI Nature 4372 PD OCT 27 4373 PY 2005 4374 VL 437 4375 IS 7063 4376 BP 1215 4377 EP 1215 4378 PG 1 4379 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4380 GA 977UQ 4381 UT ISI:000232829100007 4382 ER 4383 4384 PT J 4385 AU Marris, E 4386 TI Advisers knock Katrina health tests 4387 SO NATURE 4388 LA English 4389 DT News Item 4390 NR 0 4391 TC 0 4392 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4393 PI LONDON 4394 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4395 SN 0028-0836 4396 J9 NATURE 4397 JI Nature 4398 PD OCT 27 4399 PY 2005 4400 VL 437 4401 IS 7063 4402 BP 1216 4403 EP 1217 4404 PG 2 4405 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4406 GA 977UQ 4407 UT ISI:000232829100008 4408 ER 4409 4410 PT J 4411 AU Cherry, M 4412 TI Ministers agree to act on warnings of soaring temperatures in Africa 4413 SO NATURE 4414 LA English 4415 DT News Item 4416 NR 0 4417 TC 0 4418 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4419 PI LONDON 4420 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4421 SN 0028-0836 4422 J9 NATURE 4423 JI Nature 4424 PD OCT 27 4425 PY 2005 4426 VL 437 4427 IS 7063 4428 BP 1217 4429 EP 1217 4430 PG 1 4431 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4432 GA 977UQ 4433 UT ISI:000232829100009 4434 ER 4435 4436 PT J 4437 AU [Anon] 4438 TI Graphic detail: Twelve years of nuclear traffic 4439 SO NATURE 4440 LA English 4441 DT News Item 4442 NR 0 4443 TC 0 4444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4445 PI LONDON 4446 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4447 SN 0028-0836 4448 J9 NATURE 4449 JI Nature 4450 PD OCT 27 4451 PY 2005 4452 VL 437 4453 IS 7063 4454 BP 1218 4455 EP 1218 4456 PG 1 4457 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4458 GA 977UQ 4459 UT ISI:000232829100010 4460 ER 4461 4462 PT J 4463 AU Abbott, A 4464 TI Neuroscience: While you were sleeping 4465 SO NATURE 4466 LA English 4467 DT News Item 4468 ID REM-SLEEP; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SYNUCLEINOPATHY; SPECT 4469 NR 7 4470 TC 0 4471 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4472 PI LONDON 4473 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4474 SN 0028-0836 4475 J9 NATURE 4476 JI Nature 4477 PD OCT 27 4478 PY 2005 4479 VL 437 4480 IS 7063 4481 BP 1220 4482 EP 1222 4483 PG 3 4484 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4485 GA 977UQ 4486 UT ISI:000232829100011 4487 ER 4488 4489 PT J 4490 AU Brumfiel, G 4491 TI Physics: Far from the frontier 4492 SO NATURE 4493 LA English 4494 DT News Item 4495 NR 3 4496 TC 0 4497 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4498 PI LONDON 4499 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4500 SN 0028-0836 4501 J9 NATURE 4502 JI Nature 4503 PD OCT 27 4504 PY 2005 4505 VL 437 4506 IS 7063 4507 BP 1224 4508 EP 1225 4509 PG 2 4510 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4511 GA 977UQ 4512 UT ISI:000232829100012 4513 ER 4514 4515 PT J 4516 AU Pilcher, H 4517 TI Microbiology: Pipe dreams 4518 SO NATURE 4519 LA English 4520 DT News Item 4521 ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION 4522 NR 9 4523 TC 0 4524 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4525 PI LONDON 4526 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4527 SN 0028-0836 4528 J9 NATURE 4529 JI Nature 4530 PD OCT 27 4531 PY 2005 4532 VL 437 4533 IS 7063 4534 BP 1227 4535 EP 1228 4536 PG 2 4537 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4538 GA 977UQ 4539 UT ISI:000232829100013 4540 ER 4541 4542 PT J 4543 AU Marris, E 4544 TI Patent reform prompts intellectual tug-of-war 4545 SO NATURE 4546 LA English 4547 DT News Item 4548 NR 0 4549 TC 0 4550 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4551 PI LONDON 4552 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4553 SN 0028-0836 4554 J9 NATURE 4555 JI Nature 4556 PD OCT 27 4557 PY 2005 4558 VL 437 4559 IS 7063 4560 BP 1230 4561 EP 1231 4562 PG 2 4563 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4564 GA 977UQ 4565 UT ISI:000232829100014 4566 ER 4567 4568 PT J 4569 AU Khamsi, R 4570 TI Market watch 4571 SO NATURE 4572 LA English 4573 DT News Item 4574 NR 0 4575 TC 0 4576 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4577 PI LONDON 4578 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4579 SN 0028-0836 4580 J9 NATURE 4581 JI Nature 4582 PD OCT 27 4583 PY 2005 4584 VL 437 4585 IS 7063 4586 BP 1231 4587 EP 1231 4588 PG 1 4589 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4590 GA 977UQ 4591 UT ISI:000232829100015 4592 ER 4593 4594 PT J 4595 AU Friedberg, EC 4596 TI Call for a cull of pointlessly different reference styles 4597 SO NATURE 4598 LA English 4599 DT Letter 4600 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 4601 RP Friedberg, EC, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 4602 USA. 4603 NR 0 4604 TC 0 4605 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4606 PI LONDON 4607 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4608 SN 0028-0836 4609 J9 NATURE 4610 JI Nature 4611 PD OCT 27 4612 PY 2005 4613 VL 437 4614 IS 7063 4615 BP 1232 4616 EP 1232 4617 PG 1 4618 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4619 GA 977UQ 4620 UT ISI:000232829100016 4621 ER 4622 4623 PT J 4624 AU Culic, O 4625 TI Noting Croats' difference from other Slavs isn't racist 4626 SO NATURE 4627 LA English 4628 DT Letter 4629 RP Culic, O, Medvedgradska 70, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 4630 NR 1 4631 TC 0 4632 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4633 PI LONDON 4634 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4635 SN 0028-0836 4636 J9 NATURE 4637 JI Nature 4638 PD OCT 27 4639 PY 2005 4640 VL 437 4641 IS 7063 4642 BP 1232 4643 EP 1232 4644 PG 1 4645 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4646 GA 977UQ 4647 UT ISI:000232829100017 4648 ER 4649 4650 PT J 4651 AU Ramos, FM 4652 TI Internet forest-watchers a new force for conservation 4653 SO NATURE 4654 LA English 4655 DT Letter 4656 C1 Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 4657 RP Ramos, FM, Natl Inst Space Res, Ave Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao 4658 Paulo, Brazil. 4659 NR 1 4660 TC 0 4661 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4662 PI LONDON 4663 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4664 SN 0028-0836 4665 J9 NATURE 4666 JI Nature 4667 PD OCT 27 4668 PY 2005 4669 VL 437 4670 IS 7063 4671 BP 1232 4672 EP 1232 4673 PG 1 4674 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4675 GA 977UQ 4676 UT ISI:000232829100018 4677 ER 4678 4679 PT J 4680 AU Wohlfarth, T 4681 Storosum, J 4682 TI Later results don't confirm antidepressant suicide link 4683 SO NATURE 4684 LA English 4685 DT Letter 4686 C1 Med Evaluat Board Netherlands, NL-2500 BE The Hague, Netherlands. 4687 RP Wohlfarth, T, Med Evaluat Board Netherlands, POB 16229, NL-2500 BE The 4688 Hague, Netherlands. 4689 NR 0 4690 TC 0 4691 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4692 PI LONDON 4693 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4694 SN 0028-0836 4695 J9 NATURE 4696 JI Nature 4697 PD OCT 27 4698 PY 2005 4699 VL 437 4700 IS 7063 4701 BP 1232 4702 EP 1232 4703 PG 1 4704 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4705 GA 977UQ 4706 UT ISI:000232829100019 4707 ER 4708 4709 PT J 4710 AU Gibbs, R 4711 TI Deeper into the genome 4712 SO NATURE 4713 LA English 4714 DT Editorial Material 4715 C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 4716 RP Gibbs, R, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 4717 NR 8 4718 TC 0 4719 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4720 PI LONDON 4721 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4722 SN 0028-0836 4723 J9 NATURE 4724 JI Nature 4725 PD OCT 27 4726 PY 2005 4727 VL 437 4728 IS 7063 4729 BP 1233 4730 EP 1234 4731 PG 2 4732 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4733 GA 977UQ 4734 UT ISI:000232829100020 4735 ER 4736 4737 PT J 4738 AU Allen, JF 4739 TI Power, sex, suicide: Mitochondria and the meaning of life 4740 SO NATURE 4741 LA English 4742 DT Book Review 4743 C1 Univ London, Queen Mary, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England. 4744 RP Allen, JF, Univ London, Queen Mary, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd, 4745 London E1 4NS, England. 4746 NR 1 4747 TC 0 4748 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4749 PI LONDON 4750 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4751 SN 0028-0836 4752 J9 NATURE 4753 JI Nature 4754 PD OCT 27 4755 PY 2005 4756 VL 437 4757 IS 7063 4758 BP 1235 4759 EP 1236 4760 PG 2 4761 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4762 GA 977UQ 4763 UT ISI:000232829100021 4764 ER 4765 4766 PT J 4767 AU Raine, D 4768 TI It's about time: Understanding Einstein's relativity 4769 SO NATURE 4770 LA English 4771 DT Book Review 4772 C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. 4773 RP Raine, D, Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, 4774 England. 4775 NR 1 4776 TC 0 4777 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4778 PI LONDON 4779 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4780 SN 0028-0836 4781 J9 NATURE 4782 JI Nature 4783 PD OCT 27 4784 PY 2005 4785 VL 437 4786 IS 7063 4787 BP 1237 4788 EP 1237 4789 PG 1 4790 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4791 GA 977UQ 4792 UT ISI:000232829100022 4793 ER 4794 4795 PT J 4796 AU Seeberger, PH 4797 TI Exploring life's sweet spot 4798 SO NATURE 4799 LA English 4800 DT Editorial Material 4801 C1 ETH, Organ Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. 4802 Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 4803 RP Seeberger, PH, ETH, Organ Chem Lab, Wolfgang Pauli Str 10, CH-8093 4804 Zurich, Switzerland. 4805 NR 2 4806 TC 0 4807 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4808 PI LONDON 4809 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4810 SN 0028-0836 4811 J9 NATURE 4812 JI Nature 4813 PD OCT 27 4814 PY 2005 4815 VL 437 4816 IS 7063 4817 BP 1239 4818 EP 1239 4819 PG 1 4820 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4821 GA 977UQ 4822 UT ISI:000232829100023 4823 ER 4824 4825 PT J 4826 AU Goldstein, DB 4827 Cavalleri, GL 4828 TI Genomics - Understanding human diversity 4829 SO NATURE 4830 LA English 4831 DT Editorial Material 4832 ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISEASE 4833 C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Populat Genom & Pharmacogenet, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 4834 RP Goldstein, DB, Duke Univ, Ctr Populat Genom & Pharmacogenet, Inst 4835 Genome Sci & Policy, 103 Res Dr,DUMC Box 3471, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 4836 EM d.goldstein@duke.edu 4837 NR 7 4838 TC 0 4839 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4840 PI LONDON 4841 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4842 SN 0028-0836 4843 J9 NATURE 4844 JI Nature 4845 PD OCT 27 4846 PY 2005 4847 VL 437 4848 IS 7063 4849 BP 1241 4850 EP 1242 4851 PG 2 4852 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4853 GA 977UQ 4854 UT ISI:000232829100024 4855 ER 4856 4857 PT J 4858 AU Mokaya, R 4859 Poliakoff, M 4860 TI Chemistry - A cleaner way to nylon? 4861 SO NATURE 4862 LA English 4863 DT Editorial Material 4864 C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. 4865 RP Mokaya, R, Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, 4866 England. 4867 EM R.Mokaya@nottingham.ac.uk 4868 Martyn.Poliakoff@nottingham.ac.uk 4869 NR 6 4870 TC 0 4871 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4872 PI LONDON 4873 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4874 SN 0028-0836 4875 J9 NATURE 4876 JI Nature 4877 PD OCT 27 4878 PY 2005 4879 VL 437 4880 IS 7063 4881 BP 1243 4882 EP 1244 4883 PG 2 4884 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4885 GA 977UQ 4886 UT ISI:000232829100025 4887 ER 4888 4889 PT J 4890 AU Parry, G 4891 TI Solid-state physics - Silicon's new shine 4892 SO NATURE 4893 LA English 4894 DT Editorial Material 4895 C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. 4896 RP Parry, G, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, 4897 Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. 4898 EM g.parry@imperial.ac.uk 4899 NR 4 4900 TC 0 4901 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4902 PI LONDON 4903 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4904 SN 0028-0836 4905 J9 NATURE 4906 JI Nature 4907 PD OCT 27 4908 PY 2005 4909 VL 437 4910 IS 7063 4911 BP 1244 4912 EP 1244 4913 PG 1 4914 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4915 GA 977UQ 4916 UT ISI:000232829100026 4917 ER 4918 4919 PT J 4920 AU Jankowsky, E 4921 TI Biophysics - Helicase snaps back 4922 SO NATURE 4923 LA English 4924 DT Editorial Material 4925 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REP HELICASE; MECHANISMS; RNA 4926 C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 4927 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr RNA Mol Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 4928 RP Jankowsky, E, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 10900 4929 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 4930 EM exj13@case.edu 4931 NR 9 4932 TC 0 4933 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4934 PI LONDON 4935 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4936 SN 0028-0836 4937 J9 NATURE 4938 JI Nature 4939 PD OCT 27 4940 PY 2005 4941 VL 437 4942 IS 7063 4943 BP 1245 4944 EP 1245 4945 PG 1 4946 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4947 GA 977UQ 4948 UT ISI:000232829100027 4949 ER 4950 4951 PT J 4952 AU Greer, AL 4953 Mathur, N 4954 TI Materials science - Changing face of the chameleon 4955 SO NATURE 4956 LA English 4957 DT Editorial Material 4958 ID STATE 4959 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. 4960 RP Greer, AL, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, New Museums 4961 Site,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. 4962 EM alg13@cam.ac.uk 4963 ndm12@cus.cam.ac.uk 4964 NR 10 4965 TC 0 4966 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4967 PI LONDON 4968 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 4969 SN 0028-0836 4970 J9 NATURE 4971 JI Nature 4972 PD OCT 27 4973 PY 2005 4974 VL 437 4975 IS 7063 4976 BP 1246 4977 EP 1247 4978 PG 2 4979 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 4980 GA 977UQ 4981 UT ISI:000232829100028 4982 ER 4983 4984 PT J 4985 AU Drin, G 4986 Antonny, B 4987 TI Cell biology - Helices sculpt membrane 4988 SO NATURE 4989 LA English 4990 DT Editorial Material 4991 C1 CNRS, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, F-06560 Valbonne, France. 4992 Univ Nice, F-06560 Valbonne, France. 4993 RP Drin, G, CNRS, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, 660 Route Lucioles, 4994 F-06560 Valbonne, France. 4995 EM antonny@ipmc.cnrs.fr 4996 NR 0 4997 TC 0 4998 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 4999 PI LONDON 5000 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5001 SN 0028-0836 5002 J9 NATURE 5003 JI Nature 5004 PD OCT 27 5005 PY 2005 5006 VL 437 5007 IS 7063 5008 BP 1247 5009 EP 1248 5010 PG 2 5011 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5012 GA 977UQ 5013 UT ISI:000232829100029 5014 ER 5015 5016 PT J 5017 AU Lincoln, T 5018 TI Mycology - The whiff of danger 5019 SO NATURE 5020 LA English 5021 DT Editorial Material 5022 ID MEMBRANE CURVATURE; COPII VESICLE; HELIX; COAT 5023 NR 8 5024 TC 0 5025 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5026 PI LONDON 5027 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5028 SN 0028-0836 5029 J9 NATURE 5030 JI Nature 5031 PD OCT 27 5032 PY 2005 5033 VL 437 5034 IS 7063 5035 BP 1248 5036 EP 1249 5037 PG 2 5038 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5039 GA 977UQ 5040 UT ISI:000232829100030 5041 ER 5042 5043 PT J 5044 AU van Wees, B 5045 TI Solid-state physics - Spin in the slow lane 5046 SO NATURE 5047 LA English 5048 DT Editorial Material 5049 C1 Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. 5050 Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. 5051 RP van Wees, B, Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, Nijenborgh 4-13, NL-9747 5052 AG Groningen, Netherlands. 5053 EM b.j.van.wees@rug.nl 5054 NR 7 5055 TC 0 5056 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5057 PI LONDON 5058 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5059 SN 0028-0836 5060 J9 NATURE 5061 JI Nature 5062 PD OCT 27 5063 PY 2005 5064 VL 437 5065 IS 7063 5066 BP 1249 5067 EP 1249 5068 PG 1 5069 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5070 GA 977UQ 5071 UT ISI:000232829100031 5072 ER 5073 5074 PT J 5075 AU Oliveira, JG 5076 Barabasi, AL 5077 TI Human dynamics: Darwin and Einstein correspondence patterns 5078 SO NATURE 5079 LA English 5080 DT Editorial Material 5081 C1 Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. 5082 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. 5083 Univ Aveiro, Dept Fis, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. 5084 Harvard Univ, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 5085 RP Oliveira, JG, Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN 5086 46556 USA. 5087 EM alb@nd.edu 5088 NR 10 5089 TC 0 5090 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5091 PI LONDON 5092 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5093 SN 0028-0836 5094 J9 NATURE 5095 JI Nature 5096 PD OCT 27 5097 PY 2005 5098 VL 437 5099 IS 7063 5100 BP 1251 5101 EP 1251 5102 PG 1 5103 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5104 GA 977UQ 5105 UT ISI:000232829100032 5106 ER 5107 5108 PT J 5109 AU Ju, TZ 5110 Cummings, RD 5111 TI Protein glycosylation - Chaperone mutation in Tn syndrome 5112 SO NATURE 5113 LA English 5114 DT Editorial Material 5115 ID BETA-1,3-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE 5116 C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. 5117 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma Ctr Med Glycobiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. 5118 RP Ju, TZ, Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma 5119 City, OK 73104 USA. 5120 EM richard-cummings@ouhsc.edu 5121 NR 9 5122 TC 0 5123 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5124 PI LONDON 5125 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5126 SN 0028-0836 5127 J9 NATURE 5128 JI Nature 5129 PD OCT 27 5130 PY 2005 5131 VL 437 5132 IS 7063 5133 BP 1252 5134 EP 1252 5135 PG 1 5136 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5137 GA 977UQ 5138 UT ISI:000232829100033 5139 ER 5140 5141 PT J 5142 AU Rowe, C 5143 Harris, JM 5144 Roberts, SC 5145 TI Sporting contests - Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context 5146 SO NATURE 5147 LA English 5148 DT Editorial Material 5149 ID COLOR 5150 C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol & Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. 5151 Univ St Andrews, St Marys Coll, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland. 5152 Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Evolutionary Psychol & Behav Ecol Grp, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. 5153 RP Rowe, C, Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol & Psychol, Newcastle Upon 5154 Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. 5155 EM candy.rowe@ncl.ac.uk 5156 NR 8 5157 TC 0 5158 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5159 PI LONDON 5160 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5161 SN 0028-0836 5162 J9 NATURE 5163 JI Nature 5164 PD OCT 27 5165 PY 2005 5166 VL 437 5167 IS 7063 5168 BP E10 5169 EP E10 5170 PG 1 5171 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5172 GA 977UQ 5173 UT ISI:000232829100034 5174 ER 5175 5176 PT J 5177 AU Barton, RA 5178 Hill, RA 5179 TI Sporting contests - Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context - Reply 5180 SO NATURE 5181 LA English 5182 DT Editorial Material 5183 ID DOMINANCE 5184 C1 Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Evolutionary Anthropol Res Grp, Durham DH1 3HN, England. 5185 RP Barton, RA, Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Evolutionary Anthropol Res 5186 Grp, Durham DH1 3HN, England. 5187 EM r.a.hill@durham.ac.uk 5188 NR 6 5189 TC 0 5190 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5191 PI LONDON 5192 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5193 SN 0028-0836 5194 J9 NATURE 5195 JI Nature 5196 PD OCT 27 5197 PY 2005 5198 VL 437 5199 IS 7063 5200 BP E10 5201 EP E11 5202 PG 2 5203 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5204 GA 977UQ 5205 UT ISI:000232829100035 5206 ER 5207 5208 PT J 5209 AU Spiro, J 5210 TI Sleep 5211 SO NATURE 5212 LA English 5213 DT Editorial Material 5214 NR 0 5215 TC 0 5216 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5217 PI LONDON 5218 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5219 SN 0028-0836 5220 J9 NATURE 5221 JI Nature 5222 PD OCT 27 5223 PY 2005 5224 VL 437 5225 IS 7063 5226 BP 1253 5227 EP 1253 5228 PG 1 5229 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5230 GA 977UQ 5231 UT ISI:000232829100036 5232 ER 5233 5234 PT J 5235 AU Hobson, JA 5236 TI Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain 5237 SO NATURE 5238 LA English 5239 DT Editorial Material 5240 ID PET 5241 AB Sleep is a widespread biological phenomenon, and its scientific study 5242 is proceeding at multiple levels at the same time. Marked progress is 5243 being made in answering three fundamental questions: what is sleep, 5244 what are its mechanisms and what are its functions? The most salient 5245 answers to these questions have resulted from applying new techniques 5246 from basic and applied neuroscience research. The study of sleep is 5247 also shedding light on our understanding of consciousness, which 5248 undergoes alteration in parallel with sleep-induced changes in the 5249 brain. 5250 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 5251 RP Hobson, JA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 74 Fenwood Rd,401 Pk 5252 Dr,2nd Floor E, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 5253 EM allan_hobson@hms.harvard.edu 5254 NR 19 5255 TC 0 5256 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5257 PI LONDON 5258 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5259 SN 0028-0836 5260 J9 NATURE 5261 JI Nature 5262 PD OCT 27 5263 PY 2005 5264 VL 437 5265 IS 7063 5266 BP 1254 5267 EP 1256 5268 PG 3 5269 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5270 GA 977UQ 5271 UT ISI:000232829100037 5272 ER 5273 5274 PT J 5275 AU Saper, CB 5276 Scammell, TE 5277 Lu, J 5278 TI Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms 5279 SO NATURE 5280 LA English 5281 DT Review 5282 ID VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NUCLEUS; BEHAVIORAL STATE; SUPRACHIASMATIC 5283 NUCLEUS; BASAL FOREBRAIN; TUBEROMAMMILLARY NEURONS; GALANINERGIC 5284 NEURONS; PARADOXICAL SLEEP; WAKING DISCHARGE; LOCUS-COERULEUS; 5285 HUMAN-BRAIN 5286 AB A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the 5287 brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of 5288 sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups 5289 that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the 5290 hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other 5291 hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in 5292 inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in 5293 narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and 5294 wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental 5295 influences to shape wake - sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for 5296 survival. 5297 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5298 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5299 RP Saper, CB, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept 5300 Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5301 EM csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu 5302 NR 100 5303 TC 0 5304 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5305 PI LONDON 5306 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5307 SN 0028-0836 5308 J9 NATURE 5309 JI Nature 5310 PD OCT 27 5311 PY 2005 5312 VL 437 5313 IS 7063 5314 BP 1257 5315 EP 1263 5316 PG 7 5317 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5318 GA 977UQ 5319 UT ISI:000232829100038 5320 ER 5321 5322 PT J 5323 AU Siegel, JM 5324 TI Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep 5325 SO NATURE 5326 LA English 5327 DT Review 5328 ID SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; BRAIN-STEM; RAT-BRAIN; 5329 DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PARADOXICAL SLEEP; TACHYGLOSSUS-ACULEATUS; 5330 MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; RETICULAR-FORMATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM 5331 AB The functions of mammalian sleep remain unclear. Most theories suggest 5332 a role for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in energy conservation 5333 and in nervous system recuperation. Theories of REM sleep have 5334 suggested a role for this state in periodic brain activation during 5335 sleep, in localized recuperative processes and in emotional regulation. 5336 Across mammals, the amount and nature of sleep are correlated with age, 5337 body size and ecological variables, such as whether the animals live in 5338 a terrestrial or an aquatic environment, their diet and the safety of 5339 their sleeping site. Sleep may be an efficient time for the completion 5340 of a number of functions, but variations in sleep expression indicate 5341 that these functions may differ across species. 5342 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, VA GLAHS Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343 USA. 5343 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Brain Res Inst, North Hills, CA 91343 USA. 5344 RP Siegel, JM, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, VA GLAHS 5345 Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343 USA. 5346 EM JSiegel@ucla.edu 5347 NR 100 5348 TC 0 5349 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5350 PI LONDON 5351 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5352 SN 0028-0836 5353 J9 NATURE 5354 JI Nature 5355 PD OCT 27 5356 PY 2005 5357 VL 437 5358 IS 7063 5359 BP 1264 5360 EP 1271 5361 PG 8 5362 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5363 GA 977UQ 5364 UT ISI:000232829100039 5365 ER 5366 5367 PT J 5368 AU Stickgold, R 5369 TI Sleep-dependent memory consolidation 5370 SO NATURE 5371 LA English 5372 DT Review 5373 ID EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; BRAIN GENE-EXPRESSION; LATE 5374 NOCTURNAL SLEEP; SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; VISUAL-CORTEX; MOTOR 5375 MEMORY; DISCRIMINATION; SKILL 5376 AB The concept of 'sleeping on a problem' is familiar to most of us. But 5377 with myriad stages of sleep, forms of memory and processes of memory 5378 encoding and consolidation, sorting out how sleep contributes to memory 5379 has been anything but straightforward. Nevertheless, converging 5380 evidence, from the molecular to the phenomenological, leaves little 5381 doubt that offline memory reprocessing during sleep is an important 5382 component of how our memories are formed and ultimately shaped. 5383 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5384 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5385 RP Stickgold, R, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 330 Brookline 5386 Ave,FD-861, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 5387 EM rstickgold@hms.harvard.edu 5388 NR 63 5389 TC 0 5390 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5391 PI LONDON 5392 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5393 SN 0028-0836 5394 J9 NATURE 5395 JI Nature 5396 PD OCT 27 5397 PY 2005 5398 VL 437 5399 IS 7063 5400 BP 1272 5401 EP 1278 5402 PG 7 5403 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5404 GA 977UQ 5405 UT ISI:000232829100040 5406 ER 5407 5408 PT J 5409 AU Mahowald, MW 5410 Schenck, CH 5411 TI Insights from studying human sleep disorders 5412 SO NATURE 5413 LA English 5414 DT Review 5415 ID RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHRONIC INSOMNIA; REM-SLEEP; 5416 NIGHT-TERRORS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; PHASE SYNDROME; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS; 5417 PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NOCTURNAL SLEEP 5418 AB Problems with sleep are one of the commonest reasons for seeking 5419 medical attention. Knowledge gained from basic research into sleep in 5420 animals has led to marked advances in the understanding of human sleep, 5421 with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. At the same 5422 time, research guided by human sleep disorders is leading to important 5423 basic sleep concepts. For example, sleep may not be a global, but 5424 rather a local, brain phenomenon. Furthermore, contrary to common 5425 assumptions, wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep 5426 are not mutually exclusive states. This striking realization explains a 5427 fascinating range of clinical phenomena. 5428 C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minnesota Reg Sleep Disorders Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. 5429 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. 5430 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. 5431 Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. 5432 RP Mahowald, MW, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minnesota Reg Sleep Disorders Ctr, 5433 Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. 5434 EM mahow002@umn.edu 5435 NR 77 5436 TC 0 5437 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5438 PI LONDON 5439 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5440 SN 0028-0836 5441 J9 NATURE 5442 JI Nature 5443 PD OCT 27 5444 PY 2005 5445 VL 437 5446 IS 7063 5447 BP 1279 5448 EP 1285 5449 PG 7 5450 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5451 GA 977UQ 5452 UT ISI:000232829100041 5453 ER 5454 5455 PT J 5456 AU Nielsen, TA 5457 Stenstrom, P 5458 TI hat are the memory sources of dreaming? 5459 SO NATURE 5460 LA English 5461 DT Article 5462 ID EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; EPISODIC MEMORY; CONSOLIDATION; EVENTS; 5463 HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; BRAIN; FMRI 5464 AB Investigators since Freud have appreciated that memories of the people, 5465 places, activities and emotions of daily life are reflected in dreams 5466 but are typically so fragmented that their predictability is nil. The 5467 mechanisms that translate such memories into dream images remain 5468 largely unknown. New research targeting relationships between dreaming, 5469 memory and the hippocampus is producing a new theory to explain how, 5470 why and when we dream of waking life events. 5471 C1 Hop Sacre Coeur, Dream & Nightmare Lab, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada. 5472 Hop Sacre Coeur, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada. 5473 Hop Sacre Coeur, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada. 5474 RP Nielsen, TA, Hop Sacre Coeur, Dream & Nightmare Lab, 5400 Blvd Gouin 5475 Ouest, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada. 5476 EM tore.nielsen@umontreal.ca 5477 NR 41 5478 TC 0 5479 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5480 PI LONDON 5481 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5482 SN 0028-0836 5483 J9 NATURE 5484 JI Nature 5485 PD OCT 27 5486 PY 2005 5487 VL 437 5488 IS 7063 5489 BP 1286 5490 EP 1289 5491 PG 4 5492 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5493 GA 977UQ 5494 UT ISI:000232829100042 5495 ER 5496 5497 PT J 5498 AU Nowak, MA 5499 Sigmund, K 5500 TI Evolution of indirect reciprocity 5501 SO NATURE 5502 LA English 5503 DT Review 5504 ID TIT-FOR-TAT; PRISONERS-DILEMMA; SOCIAL NORMS; NEURAL BASIS; ALTRUISTIC 5505 PUNISHMENT; REPEATED GAMES; COOPERATION; REPUTATION; INFORMATION; 5506 DYNAMICS 5507 AB Natural selection is conventionally assumed to favour the strong and 5508 selfish who maximize their own resources at the expense of others. But 5509 many biological systems, and especially human societies, are organized 5510 around altruistic, cooperative interactions. How can natural selection 5511 promote unselfish behaviour? Various mechanisms have been proposed, and 5512 a rich analysis of indirect reciprocity has recently emerged: I help 5513 you and somebody else helps me. The evolution of cooperation by 5514 indirect reciprocity leads to reputation building, morality judgement 5515 and complex social interactions with ever-increasing cognitive demands. 5516 C1 Univ Vienna, Fac Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 5517 IIASA, A-2631 Laxenburg, Austria. 5518 Harvard Univ, Dept Math, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Program Evolutionary Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 5519 RP Sigmund, K, Univ Vienna, Fac Math, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090 5520 Vienna, Austria. 5521 EM karl.sigmund@univie.ac.at 5522 NR 87 5523 TC 0 5524 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5525 PI LONDON 5526 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5527 SN 0028-0836 5528 J9 NATURE 5529 JI Nature 5530 PD OCT 27 5531 PY 2005 5532 VL 437 5533 IS 7063 5534 BP 1291 5535 EP 1298 5536 PG 8 5537 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5538 GA 977UQ 5539 UT ISI:000232829100043 5540 ER 5541 5542 PT J 5543 AU Altshuler, D 5544 Brooks, LD 5545 Chakravarti, A 5546 Collins, FS 5547 Daly, MJ 5548 Donnelly, P 5549 CA Int HapMap Consortium 5550 TI A haplotype map of the human genome 5551 SO NATURE 5552 LA English 5553 DT Review 5554 ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; RECENT POSITIVE SELECTION; FACTOR-H 5555 POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; MACULAR DEGENERATION; 5556 RECOMBINATION RATES; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; MEIOTIC 5557 RECOMBINATION; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE 5558 AB Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely 5559 uncharacterized role in human disease. Here we report a public database 5560 of common variation in the human genome: more than one million single 5561 nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) for which accurate and complete 5562 genotypes have been obtained in 269 DNA samples from four populations, 5563 including ten 500-kilobase regions in which essentially all information 5564 about common DNA variation has been extracted. These data document the 5565 generality of recombination hotspots, a block-like structure of linkage 5566 disequilibrium and low haplotype diversity, leading to substantial 5567 correlations of SNPs with many of their neighbours. We show how the 5568 HapMap resource can guide the design and analysis of genetic 5569 association studies, shed light on structural variation and 5570 recombination, and identify loci that may have been subject to natural 5571 selection during human evolution. 5572 C1 Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 5573 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 5574 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 5575 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 5576 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 5577 RP Altshuler, D, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, 1 Kendall Sq, Cambridge, MA 5578 02139 USA. 5579 EM altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu 5580 donnelly@stats.ox.ac.uk 5581 NR 103 5582 TC 0 5583 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5584 PI LONDON 5585 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5586 SN 0028-0836 5587 J9 NATURE 5588 JI Nature 5589 PD OCT 27 5590 PY 2005 5591 VL 437 5592 IS 7063 5593 BP 1299 5594 EP 1320 5595 PG 22 5596 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5597 GA 977UQ 5598 UT ISI:000232829100044 5599 ER 5600 5601 PT J 5602 AU Myong, S 5603 Rasnik, I 5604 Joo, C 5605 Lohman, TM 5606 Ha, T 5607 TI Repetitive shuttling of a motor protein on DNA 5608 SO NATURE 5609 LA English 5610 DT Article 5611 ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; COLI REP HELICASE; 5612 ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEOPROTEIN FILAMENTS; 5613 CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; REPLICATION; MOLECULE; RECOMBINATION 5614 AB Many helicases modulate recombination, an essential process that needs 5615 to be tightly controlled. Mutations in some human disease helicases 5616 cause increased recombination, genome instability and cancer. To 5617 elucidate the potential mode of action of these enzymes, here we 5618 developed a single-molecule fluorescence assay that can visualize DNA 5619 binding and translocation of Escherichia coli Rep, a superfamily 1 DNA 5620 helicase homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srs2. Individual Rep 5621 monomers were observed to move on single-stranded ( ss) DNA in the 30 5622 to 50 direction using ATP hydrolysis. Strikingly, on hitting a 5623 blockade, such as duplex DNA or streptavidin, the protein abruptly 5624 snapped back close to its initial position, followed by further cycles 5625 of translocation and snapback. This repetitive shuttling is likely to 5626 be caused by a blockade-induced protein conformational change that 5627 enhances DNA affinity for the protein's secondary DNA binding site, 5628 thereby resulting in a transient DNA loop. Repetitive shuttling was 5629 also observed on ssDNA bounded by a stalled replication fork and an 5630 Okazaki fragment analogue, and the presence of Rep delayed formation of 5631 a filament of recombination protein RecA on ssDNA. Thus, the binding of 5632 a single Rep monomer to a stalled replication fork can lead to 5633 repetitive shuttling along the single-stranded region, possibly keeping 5634 the DNA clear of toxic recombination intermediates. 5635 C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 5636 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 5637 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 5638 RP Ha, T, Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. 5639 EM tjha@uiuc.edu 5640 NR 34 5641 TC 1 5642 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5643 PI LONDON 5644 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5645 SN 0028-0836 5646 J9 NATURE 5647 JI Nature 5648 PD OCT 27 5649 PY 2005 5650 VL 437 5651 IS 7063 5652 BP 1321 5653 EP 1325 5654 PG 5 5655 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5656 GA 977UQ 5657 UT ISI:000232829100045 5658 ER 5659 5660 PT J 5661 AU Murray, CD 5662 Chavez, C 5663 Beurle, K 5664 Cooper, N 5665 Evans, MW 5666 Burns, JA 5667 Porco, CC 5668 TI How prometheus creates structure in Saturn's F ring 5669 SO NATURE 5670 LA English 5671 DT Article 5672 ID CASSINI IMAGING SCIENCE; PERTURBATIONS; SATELLITES; STRANDS; MASSES 5673 AB Images of Saturn's narrow and contorted F ring returned by the Cassini 5674 spacecraft(1) have revealed phenomena not previously detected in any 5675 planetary ring system. The perturbing effect of the inner shepherding 5676 satellite, Prometheus, seems to introduce channels through the F ring 5677 and a 'streamer' - a line of particles that link the ring to the 5678 satellite. The detailed mechanism for the formation of these features 5679 has been lacking an explanation. Here we show that these phenomena can 5680 be understood in terms of a simple gravitational interaction as 5681 Prometheus approaches and recedes from the F ring every 14.7 hours. Our 5682 numerical models show that as Prometheus recedes from its closest 5683 approach to the F ring, it draws out ring material; one orbital period 5684 later, this affected region has undergone keplerian shear and is 5685 visible as a channel, in excellent agreement with structures seen in 5686 the Cassini images. Prometheus' periodic disruption of the F ring will 5687 become more pronounced as the two orbits approach their minimum 5688 separation in 2009. The model predicts that the appearance of streamers 5689 and the associated channels will vary in a regular fashion on a 5690 timescale of one orbital period. 5691 C1 Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England. 5692 Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 5693 Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 5694 Space Sci Inst, Cassini Imaging Cent Lab Operat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. 5695 RP Murray, CD, Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, Mile End Rd, London 5696 E1 4NS, England. 5697 EM C.D.Murray@qmul.ac.uk 5698 NR 14 5699 TC 0 5700 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5701 PI LONDON 5702 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5703 SN 0028-0836 5704 J9 NATURE 5705 JI Nature 5706 PD OCT 27 5707 PY 2005 5708 VL 437 5709 IS 7063 5710 BP 1326 5711 EP 1329 5712 PG 4 5713 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5714 GA 977UQ 5715 UT ISI:000232829100046 5716 ER 5717 5718 PT J 5719 AU Weber, CP 5720 Gedik, N 5721 Moore, JE 5722 Orenstein, J 5723 Stephens, J 5724 Awschalom, DD 5725 TI Observation of spin Coulomb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas 5726 SO NATURE 5727 LA English 5728 DT Article 5729 ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTORS; LIQUIDS 5730 AB An electron propagating through a solid carries spin angular momentum 5731 in addition to its mass and charge. Of late there has been considerable 5732 interest in developing electronic devices based on the transport of 5733 spin that offer potential advantages in dissipation, size and speed 5734 over charge-based devices(1). However, these advantages bring with them 5735 additional complexity. Because each electron carries a single, fixed 5736 value (-e) of charge, the electrical current carried by a gas of 5737 electrons is simply proportional to its total momentum. A fundamental 5738 consequence is that the charge current is not affected by interactions 5739 that conserve total momentum, notably collisions among the electrons 5740 themselves(2). In contrast, the electron's spin along a given spatial 5741 direction can take on two values, +/-(h) over bar /2 (conventionally up 5742 arrow, down arrow), so that the spin current and momentum need not be 5743 proportional. Although the transport of spin polarization is not 5744 protected by momentum conservation, it has been widely assumed that, 5745 like the charge current, spin current is unaffected by electron - 5746 electron ( e - e) interactions. Here we demonstrate experimentally not 5747 only that this assumption is invalid, but also that over a broad range 5748 of temperature and electron density, the flow of spin polarization in a 5749 two-dimensional gas of electrons is controlled by the rate of e - e 5750 collisions. 5751 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 5752 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 5753 CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Lab Mol Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 5754 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 5755 RP Weber, CP, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 5756 EM cpweber@lbl.gov 5757 NR 18 5758 TC 1 5759 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5760 PI LONDON 5761 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5762 SN 0028-0836 5763 J9 NATURE 5764 JI Nature 5765 PD OCT 27 5766 PY 2005 5767 VL 437 5768 IS 7063 5769 BP 1330 5770 EP 1333 5771 PG 4 5772 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5773 GA 977UQ 5774 UT ISI:000232829100047 5775 ER 5776 5777 PT J 5778 AU Kuo, YH 5779 Lee, YK 5780 Ge, YS 5781 Ren, S 5782 Roth, JE 5783 Kamins, TI 5784 Miller, DAB 5785 Harris, JS 5786 TI Strong quantum-confined Stark effect in germanium quantum-well 5787 structures on silicon 5788 SO NATURE 5789 LA English 5790 DT Article 5791 ID ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS; OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS; BAND PARAMETERS; 5792 TECHNOLOGY; SIGE; ALLOYS; SHIFT 5793 AB Silicon is the dominant semiconductor for electronics, but there is now 5794 a growing need to integrate such components with optoelectronics for 5795 telecommunications and computer interconnections(1). Silicon-based 5796 optical modulators have recently been successfully demonstrated(2,3); 5797 but because the light modulation mechanisms in silicon(4) are 5798 relatively weak, long ( for example, several millimetres) devices(2) or 5799 sophisticated high-quality-factor resonators(3) have been necessary. 5800 Thin quantum-well structures made from III-V semiconductors such as 5801 GaAs, InP and their alloys exhibit the much stronger quantum-confined 5802 Stark effect (QCSE) mechanism(5), which allows modulator structures 5803 with only micrometres of optical path length(6,7). Such III-V materials 5804 are unfortunately difficult to integrate with silicon electronic 5805 devices. Germanium is routinely integrated with silicon in 5806 electronics(8), but previous silicon - germanium structures have also 5807 not shown strong modulation effects(9-13). Here we report the discovery 5808 of the QCSE, at room temperature, in thin germanium quantum-well 5809 structures grown on silicon. The QCSE here has strengths comparable to 5810 that in III-V materials. Its clarity and strength are particularly 5811 surprising because germanium is an indirect gap semiconductor; such 5812 semiconductors often display much weaker optical effects than direct 5813 gap materials ( such as the III-V materials typically used for 5814 optoelectronics). This discovery is very promising for small, 5815 high-speed(14), low-power(15-17) optical output devices fully 5816 compatible with silicon electronics manufacture. 5817 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 5818 Hewlett Packard Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. 5819 RP Kuo, YH, Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, 5820 Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 5821 EM yhkuo@stanford.edu 5822 NR 28 5823 TC 1 5824 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5825 PI LONDON 5826 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5827 SN 0028-0836 5828 J9 NATURE 5829 JI Nature 5830 PD OCT 27 5831 PY 2005 5832 VL 437 5833 IS 7063 5834 BP 1334 5835 EP 1336 5836 PG 3 5837 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5838 GA 977UQ 5839 UT ISI:000232829100048 5840 ER 5841 5842 PT J 5843 AU van Delden, RA 5844 ter Wiel, MKJ 5845 Pollard, MM 5846 Vicario, J 5847 Koumura, N 5848 Feringa, BL 5849 TI Unidirectional molecular motor on a gold surface 5850 SO NATURE 5851 LA English 5852 DT Article 5853 ID SINGLE STEREOGENIC CENTER; ROTARY MOTION; ROTATION; ROTOR; NANOPARTICLES 5854 AB Molecules capable of mimicking the function of a wide range of 5855 mechanical devices have been fabricated, with motors that can induce 5856 mechanical movement attracting particular attention(1,2). Such 5857 molecular motors convert light or chemical energy into directional 5858 rotary or linear motion(2-10), and are usually prepared and operated in 5859 solution. But if they are to be used as nanomachines that can do useful 5860 work, it seems essential to construct systems that can function on a 5861 surface, like a recently reported linear artificial muscle(11). 5862 Surface-mounted rotors have been realized and limited directionality in 5863 their motion predicted(12,13). Here we demonstrate that a light-driven 5864 molecular motor capable of repetitive unidirectional rotation(14) can 5865 be mounted on the surface of gold nanoparticles. The motor design(14) 5866 uses a chiral helical alkene with an upper half that serves as a 5867 propeller and is connected through a carbon - carbon double bond ( the 5868 rotation axis) to a lower half that serves as a stator. The stator 5869 carries two thiol-functionalized 'legs', which then bind the entire 5870 motor molecule to a gold surface. NMR spectroscopy reveals that two 5871 photo-induced cis-trans isomerizations of the central double bond, each 5872 followed by a thermal helix inversion to prevent reverse rotation, 5873 induce a full and unidirectional 3608 rotation of the propeller with 5874 respect to the surface-mounted lower half of the system. 5875 C1 Univ Groningen, Stratingh Inst, Dept Organ Chem, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. 5876 RP Feringa, BL, Univ Groningen, Stratingh Inst, Dept Organ Chem, 5877 Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. 5878 EM B.L.Feringa@rug.nl 5879 NR 21 5880 TC 0 5881 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5882 PI LONDON 5883 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5884 SN 0028-0836 5885 J9 NATURE 5886 JI Nature 5887 PD OCT 27 5888 PY 2005 5889 VL 437 5890 IS 7063 5891 BP 1337 5892 EP 1340 5893 PG 4 5894 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5895 GA 977UQ 5896 UT ISI:000232829100049 5897 ER 5898 5899 PT J 5900 AU Steuber, T 5901 Rauch, M 5902 Masse, JP 5903 Graaf, J 5904 Malkoc, M 5905 TI Low-latitude seasonality of Cretaceous temperatures in warm and cold 5906 episodes 5907 SO NATURE 5908 LA English 5909 DT Article 5910 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LOW-MG CALCITE; MARINE WATERS; CARBONATE; 5911 EVOLUTION; BIVALVES; OCEAN 5912 AB The Cretaceous period is generally considered to have been a time of 5913 warm climate(1-6). Evidence for cooler episodes exists, particularly in 5914 the early Cretaceous period(6-8), but the timing and significance of 5915 these cool episodes are not well constrained. The seasonality of 5916 temperatures is important for constraining equator-to-pole temperature 5917 gradients and may indicate the presence of polar ice sheets; however, 5918 reconstructions of Cretaceous sea surface temperatures are 5919 predominantly based on the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic 5920 foraminifera(1-4) that do not provide information about such 5921 intra-annual variations. Here we present intra-shell variations in 5922 delta(18)O values of rudist bivalves (Hippuritoidea) from 5923 palaeolatitudes between 8 degrees and 31 degrees N, which record the 5924 evolution of the seasonality of Cretaceous sea surface temperatures in 5925 detail. We find high maximum temperatures (, 35 to 37 degrees C) and 5926 relatively low seasonal variability (< 12 degrees C) between 20 degrees 5927 and 30 degrees N during the warmer Cretaceous episodes. In contrast, 5928 during the cooler episodes our data show seasonal sea surface 5929 temperature variability of up to 18 degrees C near 25 degrees N, 5930 comparable to the range found today. Such a large seasonal variability 5931 is compatible with the existence of polar ice sheets. 5932 C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. 5933 Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr Sedimentol Paleontol, F-13331 Marseille, France. 5934 Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. 5935 RP Steuber, T, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44801 5936 Bochum, Germany. 5937 EM thomas.steuber@ruhr-uni-bochum.de 5938 NR 30 5939 TC 0 5940 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5941 PI LONDON 5942 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5943 SN 0028-0836 5944 J9 NATURE 5945 JI Nature 5946 PD OCT 27 5947 PY 2005 5948 VL 437 5949 IS 7063 5950 BP 1341 5951 EP 1344 5952 PG 4 5953 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 5954 GA 977UQ 5955 UT ISI:000232829100050 5956 ER 5957 5958 PT J 5959 AU Wood, BJ 5960 Halliday, AN 5961 TI Cooling of the Earth and core formation after the giant impact 5962 SO NATURE 5963 LA English 5964 DT Article 5965 ID HF-W CHRONOMETRY; OXIDATION-STATE; TERRESTRIAL ACCRETION; LOWER-MANTLE; 5966 ELEMENTS; ORIGIN; METAL; MOON; CONSTRAINTS; TIMESCALE 5967 AB Kelvin calculated the age of the Earth to be about 24 million years by 5968 assuming conductive cooling from being fully molten to its current 5969 state(1). Although simplistic(2), his result is interesting in the 5970 context of the dramatic cooling that took place after the putative 5971 Moon-forming giant impact, which contributed the final similar to 10 5972 per cent of the Earth's mass(3,4). The rate of accretion and core 5973 segregation on Earth as deduced from the U - Pb system(5) is much 5974 slower than that obtained from Hf - W systematics(6-8), and implies 5975 substantial accretion after the Moon-forming impact, which occurred 45 5976 +/- 5 Myr after the beginning of the Solar System. Here we propose an 5977 explanation for the two timescales(5,9). We suggest that the Hf - W 5978 timescale reflects the principal phase of core-formation before the 5979 giant impact. Crystallization of silicate perovskite in the lower 5980 mantle during this phase produced Fe3+, which was released during the 5981 giant impact(10), and this oxidation resulted in late segregation of 5982 sulphur-rich metal into which Pb dissolved readily, setting the younger 5983 U - Pb age of the Earth. Separation of the latter metal then occurred 5984 30 +/- 10 Myr after the Moon-forming impact. Over this time span, in 5985 surprising agreement with Kelvin's result, the Earth cooled by about 5986 4,000 K in returning from a fully molten to a partially crystalline 5987 state. 5988 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. 5989 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. 5990 RP Wood, BJ, Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, 5991 Australia. 5992 EM bwood@els.mq.edu.au 5993 NR 33 5994 TC 0 5995 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 5996 PI LONDON 5997 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 5998 SN 0028-0836 5999 J9 NATURE 6000 JI Nature 6001 PD OCT 27 6002 PY 2005 6003 VL 437 6004 IS 7063 6005 BP 1345 6006 EP 1348 6007 PG 4 6008 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6009 GA 977UQ 6010 UT ISI:000232829100051 6011 ER 6012 6013 PT J 6014 AU Bernal, D 6015 Donley, JM 6016 Shadwick, RE 6017 Syme, DA 6018 TI Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark 6019 SO NATURE 6020 LA English 6021 DT Article 6022 ID METABOLIC BIOCHEMISTRY; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; BODY-TEMPERATURE; 6023 LAMNA-DITROPIS; TUNA; PERFORMANCE; FISH; DESIGN; FIBERS; TUNNEL 6024 AB Effects of temperature on muscle contraction and powering movement are 6025 profound, outwardly obvious, and of great consequence to survival(1,2). 6026 To cope with the effects of environmental temperature fluctuations, 6027 endothermic birds and mammals maintain a relatively warm and constant 6028 body temperature, whereas most fishes and other vertebrates are 6029 ectothermic and conform to their thermal niche, compromising 6030 performance at colder temperatures(2,3). However, within the fishes the 6031 tunas and lamnid sharks deviate from the ectothermic strategy, 6032 maintaining elevated core body temperatures(4,5) that presumably confer 6033 physiological advantages for their roles as fast and continuously 6034 swimming pelagic predators. Here we show that the salmon shark, a 6035 lamnid inhabiting cold, north Pacific waters, has become so specialized 6036 for endothermy that its red, aerobic, locomotor muscles, which power 6037 continuous swimming, seem mammal-like, functioning only within a 6038 markedly elevated temperature range ( 20 - 30 degrees C). These muscles 6039 are ineffectual if exposed to the cool water temperatures, and when 6040 warmed even 10 degrees C above ambient they still produce only 25 - 50% 6041 of the power produced at 26 degrees C. In contrast, the white muscles, 6042 powering burst swimming, do not show such a marked thermal dependence 6043 and work well across a wide range of temperatures. 6044 C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. 6045 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 6046 Miracosta Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Oceanside, CA 92056 USA. 6047 Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. 6048 RP Shadwick, RE, Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, 6049 Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. 6050 EM dbernal@umassd.edu 6051 shadwick@zoology.ubc.ca 6052 NR 22 6053 TC 0 6054 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6055 PI LONDON 6056 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6057 SN 0028-0836 6058 J9 NATURE 6059 JI Nature 6060 PD OCT 27 6061 PY 2005 6062 VL 437 6063 IS 7063 6064 BP 1349 6065 EP 1352 6066 PG 4 6067 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6068 GA 977UQ 6069 UT ISI:000232829100052 6070 ER 6071 6072 PT J 6073 AU Hoskin, CJ 6074 Higgie, M 6075 McDonald, KR 6076 Moritz, C 6077 TI Reinforcement drives rapid allopatric speciation 6078 SO NATURE 6079 LA English 6080 DT Article 6081 ID WET TROPICS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRID ZONES; AUSTRALIA; 6082 EVOLUTION 6083 AB Allopatric speciation results from geographic isolation between 6084 populations. In the absence of gene flow, reproductive isolation arises 6085 gradually and incidentally as a result of mutation, genetic drift and 6086 the indirect effects of natural selection driving local 6087 adaptation(1-3). In contrast, speciation by reinforcement is driven 6088 directly by natural selection against maladaptive hybridization(1,4). 6089 This gives individuals that choose the traits of their own lineage 6090 greater fitness, potentially leading to rapid speciation between the 6091 lineages(1,4). Reinforcing natural selection on a population of one of 6092 the lineages in a mosaic contact zone could also result in divergence 6093 of the population from the allopatric range of its own lineage outside 6094 the zone(4-6). Here we test this with molecular data, experimental 6095 crosses, field measurements and mate choice experiments in a mosaic 6096 contact zone between two lineages of a rainforest frog. We show that 6097 reinforcing natural selection has resulted in significant premating 6098 isolation of a population in the contact zone not only from the other 6099 lineage but also, incidentally, from the closely related main range of 6100 its own lineage. Thus we show the potential for reinforcement to drive 6101 rapid allopatric speciation. 6102 C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. 6103 Queensland Parks & Wildlife Sci, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia. 6104 Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 6105 RP Hoskin, CJ, Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, 6106 Australia. 6107 EM c.hoskin@sib.uq.edu.au 6108 NR 28 6109 TC 0 6110 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6111 PI LONDON 6112 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6113 SN 0028-0836 6114 J9 NATURE 6115 JI Nature 6116 PD OCT 27 6117 PY 2005 6118 VL 437 6119 IS 7063 6120 BP 1353 6121 EP 1356 6122 PG 4 6123 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6124 GA 977UQ 6125 UT ISI:000232829100053 6126 ER 6127 6128 PT J 6129 AU Silk, JB 6130 Brosnan, SF 6131 Vonk, J 6132 Henrich, J 6133 Povinelli, DJ 6134 Richardson, AS 6135 Lambeth, SP 6136 Mascaro, J 6137 Schapiro, SJ 6138 TI Chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of unrelated group members 6139 SO NATURE 6140 LA English 6141 DT Article 6142 ID WILD CHIMPANZEES; MONKEYS; AFFILIATION; INEQUITY; KINSHIP 6143 AB Humans are an unusually prosocial species - we vote, give blood, 6144 recycle, give tithes and punish violators of social norms. Experimental 6145 evidence indicates that people willingly incur costs to help strangers 6146 in anonymous one-shot interactions(1,2), and that altruistic behaviour 6147 is motivated, at least in part, by empathy and concern for the welfare 6148 of others ( hereafter referred to as other-regarding preferences)(1-3). 6149 In contrast, cooperative behaviour in non-human primates is mainly 6150 limited to kin and reciprocating partners, and is virtually never 6151 extended to unfamiliar individuals(4). Here we present experimental 6152 tests of the existence of other-regarding preferences in non-human 6153 primates, and show that chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) do not take 6154 advantage of opportunities to deliver benefits to familiar individuals 6155 at no material cost to themselves, suggesting that chimpanzee behaviour 6156 is not motivated by other-regarding preferences. Chimpanzees are among 6157 the primates most likely to demonstrate prosocial behaviours. They 6158 participate in a variety of collective activities, including 6159 territorial patrols, coalitionary aggression, cooperative hunting, food 6160 sharing and joint mate guarding(5-12). Consolation of victims of 6161 aggression(13) and anecdotal accounts of solicitous treatment of 6162 injured individuals suggest that chimpanzees may feel empathy(14,15). 6163 Chimpanzees sometimes reject exchanges in which they receive less 6164 valuable rewards than others, which may be one element of a 'sense of 6165 fairness', but there is no evidence that they are averse to 6166 interactions in which they benefit more than others(16-18). 6167 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 6168 Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. 6169 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Michale E Keeling Ctr Comparat Med & Res, Bastrop, TX 78602 USA. 6170 Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Cognit Evolut Grp, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA. 6171 RP Silk, JB, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 6172 USA. 6173 EM jsilk@anthro.ucla.edu 6174 NR 29 6175 TC 0 6176 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6177 PI LONDON 6178 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6179 SN 0028-0836 6180 J9 NATURE 6181 JI Nature 6182 PD OCT 27 6183 PY 2005 6184 VL 437 6185 IS 7063 6186 BP 1357 6187 EP 1359 6188 PG 3 6189 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6190 GA 977UQ 6191 UT ISI:000232829100054 6192 ER 6193 6194 PT J 6195 AU Fraser, JA 6196 Giles, SS 6197 Wenink, EC 6198 Geunes-Boyer, SG 6199 Wright, JR 6200 Diezmann, S 6201 Allen, A 6202 Stajich, JE 6203 Dietrich, FS 6204 Perfect, JR 6205 Heitman, J 6206 TI Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus 6207 gattii outbreak 6208 SO NATURE 6209 LA English 6210 DT Article 6211 ID NEOFORMANS VAR. GATTII; PATHOGENIC YEAST; RECOMBINATION; REPRODUCTION; 6212 TOXOPLASMA; AUSTRALIA; VIRULENCE; CANADA 6213 AB Genealogy can illuminate the evolutionary path of important human 6214 pathogens. In some microbes, strict clonal reproduction predominates, 6215 as with the worldwide dissemination of Mycobacterium leprae, the cause 6216 of leprosy(1). In other pathogens, sexual reproduction yields clones 6217 with novel attributes, for example, enabling the efficient, oral 6218 transmission of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii(2). However, the roles 6219 of clonal or sexual propagation in the origins of many other microbial 6220 pathogen outbreaks remain unknown, like the recent fungal 6221 meningoencephalitis outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada, caused by 6222 Cryptococcus gattii(3). Here we show that the C. gattii outbreak 6223 isolates comprise two distinct genotypes. The majority of isolates are 6224 hypervirulent and have an identical genotype that is unique to the 6225 Pacific Northwest. A minority of the isolates are significantly less 6226 virulent and share an identical genotype with fertile isolates from an 6227 Australian recombining population. Genotypic analysis reveals evidence 6228 of sexual reproduction, in which the majority genotype is the predicted 6229 offspring. However, instead of the classic a - alpha sexual cycle, the 6230 majority outbreak clone appears to have descended from two alpha 6231 mating-type parents. Analysis of nuclear content revealed a diploid 6232 environmental isolate homozygous for the major genotype, an 6233 intermediate produced during same-sex mating. These studies demonstrate 6234 how cryptic same-sex reproduction can enable expansion of a human 6235 pathogen to a new geographical niche and contribute to the ongoing 6236 production of infectious spores. This has implications for the 6237 emergence of other microbial pathogens and inbreeding in host range 6238 expansion in the fungal and other kingdoms. 6239 C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6240 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6241 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6242 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6243 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6244 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. 6245 RP Heitman, J, Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 6246 27710 USA. 6247 EM heitm001@duke.edu 6248 NR 30 6249 TC 0 6250 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6251 PI LONDON 6252 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6253 SN 0028-0836 6254 J9 NATURE 6255 JI Nature 6256 PD OCT 27 6257 PY 2005 6258 VL 437 6259 IS 7063 6260 BP 1360 6261 EP 1364 6262 PG 5 6263 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6264 GA 977UQ 6265 UT ISI:000232829100055 6266 ER 6267 6268 PT J 6269 AU Cheung, VG 6270 Spielman, RS 6271 Ewens, KG 6272 Weber, TM 6273 Morley, M 6274 Burdick, JT 6275 TI Mapping determinants of human gene expression by regional and 6276 genome-wide association 6277 SO NATURE 6278 LA English 6279 DT Article 6280 ID COMPLEX TRAITS; DISEASE; DISSECTION; FUTURE 6281 AB To study the genetic basis of natural variation in gene expression, we 6282 previously carried out genome-wide linkage analysis and mapped the 6283 determinants of similar to 1,000 expression phenotypes(1). In the 6284 present study, we carried out association analysis with dense sets of 6285 single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) markers from the International 6286 HapMap Project(2). For 374 phenotypes, the association study was 6287 performed with markers only from regions with strong linkage evidence; 6288 these regions all mapped close to the expressed gene. For a subset of 6289 27 phenotypes, analysis of genome-wide association was performed with > 6290 770,000 markers. The association analysis with markers under the 6291 linkage peaks confirmed the linkage results and narrowed the candidate 6292 regulatory regions for many phenotypes with strong linkage evidence. 6293 The genome-wide association analysis yielded highly significant results 6294 that point to the same locations as the genome scans for about 50% of 6295 the phenotypes. For one candidate determinant, we carried out 6296 functional analyses and confirmed the variation in cis-acting 6297 regulatory activity. Our findings suggest that association studies with 6298 dense SNP maps will identify susceptibility loci or other determinants 6299 for some complex traits or diseases. 6300 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 6301 Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 6302 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 6303 RP Cheung, VG, Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 6304 EM vcheung@mail.med.upenn.edu 6305 spielman@pobox.upenn.edu 6306 NR 22 6307 TC 1 6308 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6309 PI LONDON 6310 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6311 SN 0028-0836 6312 J9 NATURE 6313 JI Nature 6314 PD OCT 27 6315 PY 2005 6316 VL 437 6317 IS 7063 6318 BP 1365 6319 EP 1369 6320 PG 5 6321 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6322 GA 977UQ 6323 UT ISI:000232829100056 6324 ER 6325 6326 PT J 6327 AU Lie, DC 6328 Colamarino, SA 6329 Song, HJ 6330 Desire, L 6331 Mira, H 6332 Consiglio, A 6333 Lein, ES 6334 Jessberger, S 6335 Lansford, H 6336 Dearie, AR 6337 Gage, FH 6338 TI Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis 6339 SO NATURE 6340 LA English 6341 DT Article 6342 ID NEURAL STEM-CELLS; GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; DIFFERENTIATION; 6343 PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; MAINTENANCE; LINKS 6344 AB The generation of new neurons from neural stem cells is restricted to 6345 two regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system: the 6346 subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone 6347 of the hippocampal dentate gyrus(1). In both regions, signals provided 6348 by the microenvironment regulate the maintenance, proliferation and 6349 neuronal fate commitment of the local stem cell population(1). The 6350 identity of these signals is largely unknown. Here we show that adult 6351 hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs) express receptors and 6352 signalling components for Wnt proteins, which are key regulators of 6353 neural stem cell behaviour in embryonic development(2). We also show 6354 that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is active and that Wnt3 is expressed 6355 in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Overexpression of Wnt3 is 6356 sufficient to increase neurogenesis from AHPs in vitro and in vivo. By 6357 contrast, blockade of Wnt signalling reduces neurogenesis from AHPs in 6358 vitro and abolishes neurogenesis almost completely in vivo. Our data 6359 show that Wnt signalling is a principal regulator of adult hippocampal 6360 neurogenesis and provide evidence that Wnt proteins have a role in 6361 adult hippocampal function. 6362 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 6363 GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Dev Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. 6364 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 6365 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. 6366 RP Gage, FH, Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, 6367 La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 6368 EM chichung.lie@gsf.de 6369 gage@salk.edu 6370 NR 27 6371 TC 0 6372 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6373 PI LONDON 6374 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6375 SN 0028-0836 6376 J9 NATURE 6377 JI Nature 6378 PD OCT 27 6379 PY 2005 6380 VL 437 6381 IS 7063 6382 BP 1370 6383 EP 1375 6384 PG 6 6385 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6386 GA 977UQ 6387 UT ISI:000232829100057 6388 ER 6389 6390 PT J 6391 AU Dollar, GL 6392 Weber, U 6393 Mlodzik, M 6394 Sokol, SY 6395 TI Regulation of Lethal giant larvae by Dishevelled 6396 SO NATURE 6397 LA English 6398 DT Article 6399 ID ASYMMETRIC CELL-DIVISION; POLARITY; DROSOPHILA; APKC; COMPLEX; 6400 GASTRULATION; LOCALIZATION; POLARIZATION; NEUROBLAST; HOMOLOG 6401 AB The establishment of polarity in many cell types depends on Lgl, the 6402 tumour suppressor product of lethal giant larvae, which is involved in 6403 basolateral protein targeting(1-4). The conserved complex of Par3, Par6 6404 and atypical protein kinase C5-8 phosphorylates and inactivates Lgl at 6405 the apical surface; however, the signalling mechanisms that coordinate 6406 cell polarization in development are not well defined. Here we show 6407 that a vertebrate homologue of Lgl associates with Dishevelled, an 6408 essential mediator of Wnt signalling, and that Dishevelled regulates 6409 the localization of Lgl in Xenopus ectoderm and Drosophila follicular 6410 epithelium. We show that both Lgl and Dsh are required for normal 6411 apical - basal polarity of Xenopus ectodermal cells. In addition, we 6412 show that the Wnt receptor Frizzled 8, but not Frizzled 7, causes Lgl 6413 to dissociate from the cortex with the concomitant loss of its activity 6414 in vivo. These findings suggest a molecular basis for the regulation of 6415 cell polarity by Frizzled and Dishevelled. 6416 C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA. 6417 RP Sokol, SY, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Box 1020,1 6418 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. 6419 EM sergei.sokol@mssm.edu 6420 NR 30 6421 TC 0 6422 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6423 PI LONDON 6424 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6425 SN 0028-0836 6426 J9 NATURE 6427 JI Nature 6428 PD OCT 27 6429 PY 2005 6430 VL 437 6431 IS 7063 6432 BP 1376 6433 EP 1380 6434 PG 5 6435 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6436 GA 977UQ 6437 UT ISI:000232829100058 6438 ER 6439 6440 PT J 6441 AU Hirano, Y 6442 Hendil, KB 6443 Yashiroda, H 6444 Iemura, S 6445 Nagane, R 6446 Hioki, Y 6447 Natsume, T 6448 Tanaka, K 6449 Murata, S 6450 TI A heterodimeric complex that promotes the assembly of mammalian 20S 6451 proteasomes 6452 SO NATURE 6453 LA English 6454 DT Article 6455 ID BETA-SUBUNITS; MATURATION; RESOLUTION; PROTEIN 6456 AB The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease responsible for regulated 6457 proteolysis in eukaryotic cells(1,2). It comprises one catalytic 20S 6458 proteasome and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes(3). The 6459 20S proteasome is composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical 6460 particle as four heteroheptameric rings, 6461 alpha(1-7)beta(1-7)beta(1-7)alpha(1-7) ( refs 4, 5), but the mechanism 6462 responsible for the assembly of such a complex structure remains 6463 elusive. Here we report two chaperones, designated proteasome 6464 assembling chaperone-1 (PAC1) and PAC2, that are involved in the 6465 maturation of mammalian 20S proteasomes. PAC1 and PAC2 associate as 6466 heterodimers with proteasome precursors and are degraded after 6467 formation of the 20S proteasome is completed. Overexpression of PAC1 or 6468 PAC2 accelerates the formation of precursor proteasomes, whereas 6469 knockdown by short interfering RNA impairs it, resulting in poor 6470 maturation of 20S proteasomes. Furthermore, the PAC complex provides a 6471 scaffold for alpha-ring formation and keeps the alpha-rings competent 6472 for the subsequent formation of half-proteasomes. Thus, our results 6473 identify a mechanism for the correct assembly of 20S proteasomes. 6474 C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Med Sci, Lab Frontier Sci, Core Technol & Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138613, Japan. 6475 Univ Copenhagen, Inst Mol Biol & Physiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 6476 Natl Inst Adv Ind SCi & Technol, Biol Informat Res Ctr, Kohtoh Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan. 6477 Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. 6478 RP Murata, S, Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Med Sci, Lab Frontier Sci, Core 6479 Technol & Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138613, Japan. 6480 EM tanakak@rinshoken.or.jp 6481 smurata@rinshoken.or.jp 6482 NR 23 6483 TC 0 6484 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6485 PI LONDON 6486 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6487 SN 0028-0836 6488 J9 NATURE 6489 JI Nature 6490 PD OCT 27 6491 PY 2005 6492 VL 437 6493 IS 7063 6494 BP 1381 6495 EP 1385 6496 PG 5 6497 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6498 GA 977UQ 6499 UT ISI:000232829100059 6500 ER 6501 6502 PT J 6503 AU Loppin, B 6504 Bonnefoy, E 6505 Anselme, C 6506 Laurencon, A 6507 Karr, TL 6508 Couble, P 6509 TI The histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA is essential for chromatin assembly in 6510 the male pronucleus 6511 SO NATURE 6512 LA English 6513 DT Article 6514 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DNA-SYNTHESIS; MOUSE ZYGOTE; VARIANT H3.3; 6515 GENE; FERTILIZATION; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; SESAME; INHERITANCE 6516 AB In sexually reproducing animals, a crucial step in zygote formation is 6517 the decondensation of the fertilizing spermnucleus into a DNA 6518 replication-competent male pronucleus. Genome-wide nucleosome assembly 6519 on paternal DNA implies the replacement of sperm chromosomal proteins, 6520 such as protamines, by maternally provided histones(1,2). This 6521 fundamental process is specifically impaired in sesame (ssm), a unique 6522 Drosophila maternal effect mutant that prevents male pronucleus 6523 formation(3). Here we show that ssm is a point mutation in the Hira 6524 gene, thus demonstrating that the histone chaperone protein HIRA is 6525 required for nucleosome assembly during sperm nucleus decondensation. 6526 In vertebrates, HIRA has recently been shown to be critical for a 6527 nucleosome assembly pathway independent of DNA synthesis that 6528 specifically involves the H3.3 histone variant(4,5). We also show that 6529 nucleosomes containing H3.3, and not H3, are specifically assembled in 6530 paternal Drosophila chromatin before the first round of DNA 6531 replication. The exclusive marking of paternal chromosomes with H3.3 6532 represents a primary epigenetic distinction between parental genomes in 6533 the zygote, and underlines an important consequence of the critical and 6534 highly specialized function of HIRA at fertilization. 6535 C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5534, Ctr Genet Mol & Cellulaire, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. 6536 Inst Natl Sci Appl, INRA, UMR, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. 6537 Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. 6538 RP Loppin, B, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5534, Ctr Genet Mol & Cellulaire, 6539 F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. 6540 EM loppin@cgmc.univ-lyon1.fr 6541 NR 29 6542 TC 0 6543 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6544 PI LONDON 6545 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6546 SN 0028-0836 6547 J9 NATURE 6548 JI Nature 6549 PD OCT 27 6550 PY 2005 6551 VL 437 6552 IS 7063 6553 BP 1386 6554 EP 1390 6555 PG 5 6556 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6557 GA 977UQ 6558 UT ISI:000232829100060 6559 ER 6560 6561 PT J 6562 AU Nogueira, S 6563 TI Stranger in the night 6564 SO NATURE 6565 LA English 6566 DT Editorial Material 6567 NR 0 6568 TC 0 6569 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6570 PI LONDON 6571 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6572 SN 0028-0836 6573 J9 NATURE 6574 JI Nature 6575 PD OCT 27 6576 PY 2005 6577 VL 437 6578 IS 7063 6579 BP 1396 6580 EP 1396 6581 PG 1 6582 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6583 GA 977UQ 6584 UT ISI:000232829100061 6585 ER 6586 6587 PT J 6588 AU [Anon] 6589 TI Every little helps 6590 SO NATURE 6591 LA English 6592 DT Editorial Material 6593 NR 1 6594 TC 0 6595 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6596 PI LONDON 6597 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6598 SN 0028-0836 6599 J9 NATURE 6600 JI Nature 6601 PD OCT 20 6602 PY 2005 6603 VL 437 6604 IS 7062 6605 BP 1065 6606 EP 1065 6607 PG 1 6608 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6609 GA 975KD 6610 UT ISI:000232660500001 6611 ER 6612 6613 PT J 6614 AU [Anon] 6615 TI An unhealthy practice 6616 SO NATURE 6617 LA English 6618 DT Editorial Material 6619 NR 1 6620 TC 0 6621 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6622 PI LONDON 6623 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6624 SN 0028-0836 6625 J9 NATURE 6626 JI Nature 6627 PD OCT 20 6628 PY 2005 6629 VL 437 6630 IS 7062 6631 BP 1065 6632 EP 1066 6633 PG 2 6634 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6635 GA 975KD 6636 UT ISI:000232660500002 6637 ER 6638 6639 PT J 6640 AU [Anon] 6641 TI Grand ambition 6642 SO NATURE 6643 LA English 6644 DT Editorial Material 6645 NR 1 6646 TC 0 6647 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6648 PI LONDON 6649 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6650 SN 0028-0836 6651 J9 NATURE 6652 JI Nature 6653 PD OCT 20 6654 PY 2005 6655 VL 437 6656 IS 7062 6657 BP 1066 6658 EP 1066 6659 PG 1 6660 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6661 GA 975KD 6662 UT ISI:000232660500003 6663 ER 6664 6665 PT J 6666 AU Taylor, R 6667 Giles, J 6668 TI Cash interests taint drug advice 6669 SO NATURE 6670 LA English 6671 DT News Item 6672 NR 2 6673 TC 1 6674 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6675 PI LONDON 6676 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6677 SN 0028-0836 6678 J9 NATURE 6679 JI Nature 6680 PD OCT 20 6681 PY 2005 6682 VL 437 6683 IS 7062 6684 BP 1070 6685 EP 1071 6686 PG 2 6687 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6688 GA 975KD 6689 UT ISI:000232660500004 6690 ER 6691 6692 PT J 6693 AU Reichhardt, T 6694 TI Express delivery to Venus 6695 SO NATURE 6696 LA English 6697 DT News Item 6698 NR 0 6699 TC 0 6700 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6701 PI LONDON 6702 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6703 SN 0028-0836 6704 J9 NATURE 6705 JI Nature 6706 PD OCT 20 6707 PY 2005 6708 VL 437 6709 IS 7062 6710 BP 1071 6711 EP 1071 6712 PG 1 6713 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6714 GA 975KD 6715 UT ISI:000232660500005 6716 ER 6717 6718 PT J 6719 AU Butler, D 6720 TI Quake aid hampered by ban on web shots 6721 SO NATURE 6722 LA English 6723 DT News Item 6724 NR 0 6725 TC 0 6726 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6727 PI LONDON 6728 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6729 SN 0028-0836 6730 J9 NATURE 6731 JI Nature 6732 PD OCT 20 6733 PY 2005 6734 VL 437 6735 IS 7062 6736 BP 1072 6737 EP 1073 6738 PG 2 6739 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6740 GA 975KD 6741 UT ISI:000232660500006 6742 ER 6743 6744 PT J 6745 AU Check, E 6746 TI Biologists forced to reassess embryo test 6747 SO NATURE 6748 LA English 6749 DT News Item 6750 NR 0 6751 TC 0 6752 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6753 PI LONDON 6754 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6755 SN 0028-0836 6756 J9 NATURE 6757 JI Nature 6758 PD OCT 20 6759 PY 2005 6760 VL 437 6761 IS 7062 6762 BP 1075 6763 EP 1075 6764 PG 1 6765 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6766 GA 975KD 6767 UT ISI:000232660500007 6768 ER 6769 6770 PT J 6771 AU Peplow, M 6772 Reichhardt, T 6773 TI China launches plans for space exploration as taikonauts touch down 6774 SO NATURE 6775 LA English 6776 DT News Item 6777 NR 0 6778 TC 0 6779 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6780 PI LONDON 6781 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6782 SN 0028-0836 6783 J9 NATURE 6784 JI Nature 6785 PD OCT 20 6786 PY 2005 6787 VL 437 6788 IS 7062 6789 BP 1075 6790 EP 1075 6791 PG 1 6792 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6793 GA 975KD 6794 UT ISI:000232660500008 6795 ER 6796 6797 PT J 6798 AU Dennis, C 6799 Check, E 6800 TI 'Ethical' routes to stem cells highlight political divide 6801 SO NATURE 6802 LA English 6803 DT News Item 6804 NR 2 6805 TC 0 6806 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6807 PI LONDON 6808 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6809 SN 0028-0836 6810 J9 NATURE 6811 JI Nature 6812 PD OCT 20 6813 PY 2005 6814 VL 437 6815 IS 7062 6816 BP 1076 6817 EP 1077 6818 PG 2 6819 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6820 GA 975KD 6821 UT ISI:000232660500009 6822 ER 6823 6824 PT J 6825 AU Dennis, C 6826 TI Korea launches network to share cloning information 6827 SO NATURE 6828 LA English 6829 DT News Item 6830 NR 0 6831 TC 1 6832 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6833 PI LONDON 6834 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6835 SN 0028-0836 6836 J9 NATURE 6837 JI Nature 6838 PD OCT 20 6839 PY 2005 6840 VL 437 6841 IS 7062 6842 BP 1077 6843 EP 1077 6844 PG 1 6845 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6846 GA 975KD 6847 UT ISI:000232660500010 6848 ER 6849 6850 PT J 6851 AU Cyranoski, D 6852 TI Japan jumps towards personalized medicine (vol 437, pg 796, 2005) 6853 SO NATURE 6854 LA English 6855 DT Correction 6856 NR 1 6857 TC 0 6858 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6859 PI LONDON 6860 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6861 SN 0028-0836 6862 J9 NATURE 6863 JI Nature 6864 PD OCT 20 6865 PY 2005 6866 VL 437 6867 IS 7062 6868 BP 1079 6869 EP 1079 6870 PG 1 6871 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6872 GA 975KD 6873 UT ISI:000232660500011 6874 ER 6875 6876 PT J 6877 AU [Anon] 6878 TI Responding to uncertainty (vol 437, pg 1, 2005) 6879 SO NATURE 6880 LA English 6881 DT Correction 6882 NR 1 6883 TC 0 6884 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6885 PI LONDON 6886 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6887 SN 0028-0836 6888 J9 NATURE 6889 JI Nature 6890 PD OCT 20 6891 PY 2005 6892 VL 437 6893 IS 7062 6894 BP 1079 6895 EP 1079 6896 PG 1 6897 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6898 GA 975KD 6899 UT ISI:000232660500012 6900 ER 6901 6902 PT J 6903 AU Hogan, J 6904 TI Astrobiology: Life at the cutting edge 6905 SO NATURE 6906 LA English 6907 DT News Item 6908 NR 0 6909 TC 0 6910 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6911 PI LONDON 6912 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6913 SN 0028-0836 6914 J9 NATURE 6915 JI Nature 6916 PD OCT 20 6917 PY 2005 6918 VL 437 6919 IS 7062 6920 BP 1080 6921 EP 1082 6922 PG 3 6923 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6924 GA 975KD 6925 UT ISI:000232660500014 6926 ER 6927 6928 PT J 6929 AU [Anon] 6930 TI First drill on Mars 6931 SO NATURE 6932 LA English 6933 DT News Item 6934 NR 0 6935 TC 0 6936 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6937 PI LONDON 6938 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6939 SN 0028-0836 6940 J9 NATURE 6941 JI Nature 6942 PD OCT 20 6943 PY 2005 6944 VL 437 6945 IS 7062 6946 BP 1082 6947 EP 1082 6948 PG 1 6949 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6950 GA 975KD 6951 UT ISI:000232660500015 6952 ER 6953 6954 PT J 6955 AU Check, E 6956 TI Human genome: Patchwork people 6957 SO NATURE 6958 LA English 6959 DT News Item 6960 ID SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS 6961 NR 12 6962 TC 0 6963 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6964 PI LONDON 6965 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6966 SN 0028-0836 6967 J9 NATURE 6968 JI Nature 6969 PD OCT 20 6970 PY 2005 6971 VL 437 6972 IS 7062 6973 BP 1084 6974 EP 1086 6975 PG 3 6976 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 6977 GA 975KD 6978 UT ISI:000232660500016 6979 ER 6980 6981 PT J 6982 AU Cyranoski, D 6983 TI Venture capitalists tackle Chinese hurdles 6984 SO NATURE 6985 LA English 6986 DT News Item 6987 NR 0 6988 TC 0 6989 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 6990 PI LONDON 6991 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 6992 SN 0028-0836 6993 J9 NATURE 6994 JI Nature 6995 PD OCT 20 6996 PY 2005 6997 VL 437 6998 IS 7062 6999 BP 1087 7000 EP 1087 7001 PG 1 7002 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7003 GA 975KD 7004 UT ISI:000232660500017 7005 ER 7006 7007 PT J 7008 AU Mousseau, TA 7009 Nelson, N 7010 Shestopalov, V 7011 TI Don't underestimate the death rate from Chernobyl 7012 SO NATURE 7013 LA English 7014 DT Letter 7015 C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. 7016 Ukrainian Natl Acad Sci, Radioecol Ctr, UA-01054 Kiev, Ukraine. 7017 RP Mousseau, TA, Univ S Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. 7018 NR 1 7019 TC 0 7020 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7021 PI LONDON 7022 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7023 SN 0028-0836 7024 J9 NATURE 7025 JI Nature 7026 PD OCT 20 7027 PY 2005 7028 VL 437 7029 IS 7062 7030 BP 1089 7031 EP 1089 7032 PG 1 7033 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7034 GA 975KD 7035 UT ISI:000232660500018 7036 ER 7037 7038 PT J 7039 AU Cowie, J 7040 TI Media reports: call for a working party is unrealistic 7041 SO NATURE 7042 LA English 7043 DT Letter 7044 NR 1 7045 TC 0 7046 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7047 PI LONDON 7048 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7049 SN 0028-0836 7050 J9 NATURE 7051 JI Nature 7052 PD OCT 20 7053 PY 2005 7054 VL 437 7055 IS 7062 7056 BP 1089 7057 EP 1089 7058 PG 1 7059 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7060 GA 975KD 7061 UT ISI:000232660500019 7062 ER 7063 7064 PT J 7065 AU Moss, S 7066 TI Main effect of bureaucracy is to reduce productivity 7067 SO NATURE 7068 LA English 7069 DT Letter 7070 C1 Univ Coll London, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, Ashton Chair Biomed Res, London EC1V 9EL, England. 7071 RP Moss, S, Univ Coll London, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, Ashton Chair 7072 Biomed Res, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, England. 7073 NR 1 7074 TC 0 7075 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7076 PI LONDON 7077 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7078 SN 0028-0836 7079 J9 NATURE 7080 JI Nature 7081 PD OCT 20 7082 PY 2005 7083 VL 437 7084 IS 7062 7085 BP 1089 7086 EP 1089 7087 PG 1 7088 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7089 GA 975KD 7090 UT ISI:000232660500020 7091 ER 7092 7093 PT J 7094 AU Zupp, J 7095 TI Concern at animal research should not be dismissed 7096 SO NATURE 7097 LA English 7098 DT Letter 7099 RP Zupp, J, CCBC-F520,7201 Rossville Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA. 7100 NR 1 7101 TC 0 7102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7103 PI LONDON 7104 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7105 SN 0028-0836 7106 J9 NATURE 7107 JI Nature 7108 PD OCT 20 7109 PY 2005 7110 VL 437 7111 IS 7062 7112 BP 1089 7113 EP 1089 7114 PG 1 7115 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7116 GA 975KD 7117 UT ISI:000232660500021 7118 ER 7119 7120 PT J 7121 AU Gowers, T 7122 TI Euclid in the rainforest: Discovering universal truth in logic and math 7123 SO NATURE 7124 LA English 7125 DT Book Review 7126 C1 Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WB, England. 7127 RP Gowers, T, Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 7128 0WB, England. 7129 NR 1 7130 TC 0 7131 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7132 PI LONDON 7133 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7134 SN 0028-0836 7135 J9 NATURE 7136 JI Nature 7137 PD OCT 20 7138 PY 2005 7139 VL 437 7140 IS 7062 7141 BP 1092 7142 EP 1092 7143 PG 1 7144 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7145 GA 975KD 7146 UT ISI:000232660500022 7147 ER 7148 7149 PT J 7150 AU Nicotera, P 7151 TI The poison paradox: Chemicals as friends and foes 7152 SO NATURE 7153 LA English 7154 DT Book Review 7155 C1 Univ Leicester, Toxicol Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. 7156 RP Nicotera, P, Univ Leicester, Toxicol Unit, Hodgkin Bldg,Lancaster Rd, 7157 Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England. 7158 NR 1 7159 TC 0 7160 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7161 PI LONDON 7162 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7163 SN 0028-0836 7164 J9 NATURE 7165 JI Nature 7166 PD OCT 20 7167 PY 2005 7168 VL 437 7169 IS 7062 7170 BP 1093 7171 EP 1093 7172 PG 1 7173 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7174 GA 975KD 7175 UT ISI:000232660500023 7176 ER 7177 7178 PT J 7179 AU Wilczek, F 7180 TI An explorer and surveyor - Hermann Weyl 7181 SO NATURE 7182 LA English 7183 DT Biographical-Item 7184 C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. 7185 RP Wilczek, F, MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. 7186 NR 2 7187 TC 0 7188 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7189 PI LONDON 7190 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7191 SN 0028-0836 7192 J9 NATURE 7193 JI Nature 7194 PD OCT 20 7195 PY 2005 7196 VL 437 7197 IS 7062 7198 BP 1095 7199 EP 1095 7200 PG 1 7201 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7202 GA 975KD 7203 UT ISI:000232660500024 7204 ER 7205 7206 PT J 7207 AU Sinden, RR 7208 TI Molecular biology - DNA twists and flips 7209 SO NATURE 7210 LA English 7211 DT Editorial Material 7212 ID PROMOTER; BINDING 7213 C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Genome Res, Lab DNA Struct & Mutagenesis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 7214 RP Sinden, RR, Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, 7215 Ctr Genome Res, Lab DNA Struct & Mutagenesis, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, 7216 Houston, TX 77030 USA. 7217 EM rsinden@ibt.tamhsc.edu 7218 NR 15 7219 TC 0 7220 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7221 PI LONDON 7222 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7223 SN 0028-0836 7224 J9 NATURE 7225 JI Nature 7226 PD OCT 20 7227 PY 2005 7228 VL 437 7229 IS 7062 7230 BP 1097 7231 EP 1098 7232 PG 2 7233 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7234 GA 975KD 7235 UT ISI:000232660500025 7236 ER 7237 7238 PT J 7239 AU Haruta, M 7240 TI Catalysis - Gold rush 7241 SO NATURE 7242 LA English 7243 DT Editorial Material 7244 ID OXIDATION; CARBON 7245 C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Mat Chem Course, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. 7246 RP Haruta, M, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Mat Chem 7247 Course, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. 7248 EM haruta-masatake@center.tmu.ac.jp 7249 NR 12 7250 TC 0 7251 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7252 PI LONDON 7253 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7254 SN 0028-0836 7255 J9 NATURE 7256 JI Nature 7257 PD OCT 20 7258 PY 2005 7259 VL 437 7260 IS 7062 7261 BP 1098 7262 EP 1099 7263 PG 2 7264 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7265 GA 975KD 7266 UT ISI:000232660500026 7267 ER 7268 7269 PT J 7270 AU Budd, GE 7271 Telford, MJ 7272 TI Evolution - Along came a sea spider 7273 SO NATURE 7274 LA English 7275 DT Editorial Material 7276 ID ARTHROPODS; MORPHOLOGY; EXPRESSION; PANTOPODA; BODY 7277 C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Earth Sci, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. 7278 Univ Coll London, Dept Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England. 7279 RP Budd, GE, Univ Uppsala, Dept Earth Sci, Norbyvagen 22, SE-75236 7280 Uppsala, Sweden. 7281 EM graham.budd@pal.uu.se 7282 m.telford@ucl.ac.uk 7283 NR 10 7284 TC 0 7285 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7286 PI LONDON 7287 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7288 SN 0028-0836 7289 J9 NATURE 7290 JI Nature 7291 PD OCT 20 7292 PY 2005 7293 VL 437 7294 IS 7062 7295 BP 1099 7296 EP + 7297 PG 3 7298 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7299 GA 975KD 7300 UT ISI:000232660500027 7301 ER 7302 7303 PT J 7304 AU DeKieviet, M 7305 Schmiedmayer, J 7306 TI Quantum physics - Atom waves in passing 7307 SO NATURE 7308 LA English 7309 DT Editorial Material 7310 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 7311 RP DeKieviet, M, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120 7312 Heidelberg, Germany. 7313 EM Schmiedmayer@physi.uni-heidelberg.de 7314 NR 6 7315 TC 0 7316 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7317 PI LONDON 7318 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7319 SN 0028-0836 7320 J9 NATURE 7321 JI Nature 7322 PD OCT 20 7323 PY 2005 7324 VL 437 7325 IS 7062 7326 BP 1102 7327 EP 1102 7328 PG 1 7329 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7330 GA 975KD 7331 UT ISI:000232660500028 7332 ER 7333 7334 PT J 7335 AU Kastan, MB 7336 TI Cell biology - A BID for the pathway 7337 SO NATURE 7338 LA English 7339 DT Editorial Material 7340 ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; MITOCHONDRIA; ATM 7341 C1 St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. 7342 RP Kastan, MB, St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Room D-5048,332 7343 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. 7344 EM Michael.Kastan@stjude.org 7345 NR 8 7346 TC 0 7347 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7348 PI LONDON 7349 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7350 SN 0028-0836 7351 J9 NATURE 7352 JI Nature 7353 PD OCT 20 7354 PY 2005 7355 VL 437 7356 IS 7062 7357 BP 1103 7358 EP 1103 7359 PG 1 7360 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7361 GA 975KD 7362 UT ISI:000232660500029 7363 ER 7364 7365 PT J 7366 AU Melia, F 7367 TI Astronomy - Odd company 7368 SO NATURE 7369 LA English 7370 DT Editorial Material 7371 ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER; M31; NUCLEUS 7372 C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 7373 RP Melia, F, Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. 7374 EM melia@physics.arizona.edu 7375 NR 10 7376 TC 0 7377 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7378 PI LONDON 7379 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7380 SN 0028-0836 7381 J9 NATURE 7382 JI Nature 7383 PD OCT 20 7384 PY 2005 7385 VL 437 7386 IS 7062 7387 BP 1105 7388 EP 1105 7389 PG 1 7390 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7391 GA 975KD 7392 UT ISI:000232660500030 7393 ER 7394 7395 PT J 7396 AU Kondrashov, AS 7397 TI Evolutionary biology - Fruitfly genome is not junk 7398 SO NATURE 7399 LA English 7400 DT Editorial Material 7401 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; INTERGENIC REGIONS; 7402 MOUSE; PSEUDOGENES; SEQUENCES 7403 C1 NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. 7404 RP Kondrashov, AS, NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 7405 USA. 7406 EM kondrashov@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 7407 NR 16 7408 TC 0 7409 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7410 PI LONDON 7411 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7412 SN 0028-0836 7413 J9 NATURE 7414 JI Nature 7415 PD OCT 20 7416 PY 2005 7417 VL 437 7418 IS 7062 7419 BP 1106 7420 EP 1106 7421 PG 1 7422 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7423 GA 975KD 7424 UT ISI:000232660500031 7425 ER 7426 7427 PT J 7428 AU Russell, JC 7429 Towns, DR 7430 Anderson, SH 7431 Clout, MN 7432 TI Intercepting the first rat ashore 7433 SO NATURE 7434 LA English 7435 DT Editorial Material 7436 ID NEW-ZEALAND; ISLANDS; NORVEGICUS; INVASION; BIOLOGY 7437 C1 Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. 7438 Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. 7439 Dept Conservat, Auckland, New Zealand. 7440 RP Russell, JC, Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 7441 1, New Zealand. 7442 EM j.russell@auckland.ac.nz 7443 NR 10 7444 TC 1 7445 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7446 PI LONDON 7447 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7448 SN 0028-0836 7449 J9 NATURE 7450 JI Nature 7451 PD OCT 20 7452 PY 2005 7453 VL 437 7454 IS 7062 7455 BP 1107 7456 EP 1107 7457 PG 1 7458 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7459 GA 975KD 7460 UT ISI:000232660500032 7461 ER 7462 7463 PT J 7464 AU Le, QM 7465 Kiso, M 7466 Someya, K 7467 Sakai, YT 7468 Nguyen, TH 7469 Nguyen, KHL 7470 Pham, ND 7471 Ngyen, HH 7472 Yamada, S 7473 Muramoto, Y 7474 Horimoto, T 7475 Takada, A 7476 Goto, H 7477 Suzuki, T 7478 Suzuki, Y 7479 Kawaoka, Y 7480 TI Avian flu - Isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus 7481 SO NATURE 7482 LA English 7483 DT Editorial Material 7484 ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; INFLUENZA; OSELTAMIVIR 7485 C1 Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. 7486 Univ Tokyo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Virol, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. 7487 Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Int Res Ctr Infect Dis, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. 7488 Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. 7489 Daiichi Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Tokyo 1348630, Japan. 7490 Natl Inst Clin Res Trop Med, Hanoi, Vietnam. 7491 Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biochem, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. 7492 COE Program 21st Century, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan. 7493 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 7494 RP Le, QM, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. 7495 EM kawaoka@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp 7496 NR 11 7497 TC 0 7498 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7499 PI LONDON 7500 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7501 SN 0028-0836 7502 J9 NATURE 7503 JI Nature 7504 PD OCT 20 7505 PY 2005 7506 VL 437 7507 IS 7062 7508 BP 1108 7509 EP 1108 7510 PG 1 7511 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7512 GA 975KD 7513 UT ISI:000232660500033 7514 ER 7515 7516 PT J 7517 AU Koo, SH 7518 Flechner, L 7519 Qi, L 7520 Zhang, XM 7521 Screaton, RA 7522 Jeffries, S 7523 Hedrick, S 7524 Xu, W 7525 Boussouar, F 7526 Brindle, P 7527 Takemori, H 7528 Montminy, M 7529 TI The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose 7530 metabolism 7531 SO NATURE 7532 LA English 7533 DT Article 7534 ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS; BINDING PROTEIN; 7535 LIPID-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; CAMP; TRANSCRIPTION; PGC-1; 7536 LIVER 7537 AB Glucose homeostasis is regulated systemically by hormones such as 7538 insulin and glucagon, and at the cellular level by energy status. 7539 Glucagon enhances glucose output from the liver during fasting by 7540 stimulating the transcription of gluconeogenic genes via the cyclic 7541 AMP-inducible factor CREB (CRE binding protein). When cellular ATP 7542 levels are low, however, the energy-sensing kinase AMPK inhibits 7543 hepatic gluconeogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that 7544 hormonal and energy-sensing pathways converge on the coactivator TORC2 7545 (transducer of regulated CREB activity 2) to modulate glucose output. 7546 Sequestered in the cytoplasm under feeding conditions, TORC2 is 7547 dephosphorylated and transported to the nucleus where it enhances 7548 CREB-dependent transcription in response to fasting stimuli. 7549 Conversely, signals that activate AMPK attenuate the gluconeogenic 7550 programme by promoting TORC2 phosphorylation and blocking its nuclear 7551 accumulation. Individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit fasting 7552 hyperglycaemia due to elevated gluconeogenesis; compounds that enhance 7553 TORC2 phosphorylation may offer therapeutic benefits in this setting. 7554 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Peptide Biol Labs, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 7555 St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Biochem, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. 7556 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med H1, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 7557 RP Montminy, M, Salk Inst Biol Studies, Peptide Biol Labs, 10010 N Torrey 7558 Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 7559 EM montminy@salk.edu 7560 NR 32 7561 TC 0 7562 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7563 PI LONDON 7564 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7565 SN 0028-0836 7566 J9 NATURE 7567 JI Nature 7568 PD OCT 20 7569 PY 2005 7570 VL 437 7571 IS 7062 7572 BP 1109 7573 EP 1114 7574 PG 6 7575 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7576 GA 975KD 7577 UT ISI:000232660500034 7578 ER 7579 7580 PT J 7581 AU Martin, A 7582 Baker, TA 7583 Sauer, RT 7584 TI Rebuilt AAA plus motors reveal operating principles for ATP-fuelled 7585 machines 7586 SO NATURE 7587 LA English 7588 DT Article 7589 ID CLPXP DEGRADATION MACHINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEPENDENT PROTEASES; 7590 CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SEQUENTIAL HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN; HELICASE; 7591 RECOGNITION; MECHANISM; CHAPERONE 7592 AB Hexamericring- shaped ATPases of the AAA+ (for ATPases associated with 7593 various cellular activities) superfamily power cellular processes in 7594 which macromolecular structures and complexes are dismantled or 7595 denatured, but the mechanisms used by these machine-like enzymes are 7596 poorly understood. By covalently linking active and inactive subunits 7597 of the ATPase ClpX to form hexamers, here we show that diverse 7598 geometric arrangements can support the enzymatic unfolding of protein 7599 substrates and translocation of the denatured polypeptide into the ClpP 7600 peptidase for degradation. These studies indicate that the ClpX power 7601 stroke is generated by ATP hydrolysis in a single subunit, rule out 7602 concerted and strict sequential ATP hydrolysis models, and provide 7603 evidence for a probabilistic sequence of nucleotide hydrolysis. This 7604 mechanism would allow any ClpX subunit in contact with a translocating 7605 polypeptide to hydrolyse ATP to drive substrate spooling into ClpP, and 7606 would prevent stalling if one subunit failed to bind or hydrolyse ATP. 7607 Energy-dependent machines with highly diverse quaternary architectures 7608 and molecular functions could operate by similar asymmetric mechanisms. 7609 C1 MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 7610 MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 7611 RP Sauer, RT, MIT, Dept Biol, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 7612 USA. 7613 EM bobsauer@mit.edu 7614 NR 37 7615 TC 0 7616 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7617 PI LONDON 7618 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7619 SN 0028-0836 7620 J9 NATURE 7621 JI Nature 7622 PD OCT 20 7623 PY 2005 7624 VL 437 7625 IS 7062 7626 BP 1115 7627 EP 1120 7628 PG 6 7629 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7630 GA 975KD 7631 UT ISI:000232660500035 7632 ER 7633 7634 PT J 7635 AU Toppani, A 7636 Robert, F 7637 Libourel, G 7638 de Donato, P 7639 Barres, O 7640 d'Hendecourt, L 7641 Ghanbaja, J 7642 TI A 'dry' condensation origin for circumstellar carbonates 7643 SO NATURE 7644 LA English 7645 DT Article 7646 ID MINERAL FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STELLAR WINDS; SOLAR NEBULA; DUST; 7647 NGC-6302; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOVERY; PROTOSTAR; EMISSION 7648 AB The signature of carbonate minerals has long been suspected in the 7649 mid-infrared spectra of various astrophysical environments such as 7650 protostars(1). Abiogenic carbonates are considered as indicators of 7651 aqueous mineral alteration(2) in the presence of CO2-rich liquid water. 7652 The recent claimed detection of calcite associated with amorphous 7653 silicates in two planetary nebulae(3) and protostars(4,5) devoid of 7654 planetary bodies questions the relevance of this indicator; but in the 7655 absence of an alternative mode of formation under circumstellar 7656 conditions, this detection remains controversial(6-8). The main dust 7657 component observed in circumstellar envelopes is amorphous 7658 silicates(9), which are thought to have formed by non-equilibrium 7659 condensation(10). Here we report experiments demonstrating that 7660 carbonates can be formed with amorphous silicates during the 7661 non-equilibrium condensation of a silicate gas in a H2O-CO2-rich 7662 vapour. We propose that the observed astrophysical carbonates have 7663 condensed in H2O(g)-CO2(g)-rich, high-temperature and high-density 7664 regions such as evolved stellar winds, or those induced by grain 7665 sputtering upon shocks in protostellar outflows. 7666 C1 Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, CNRS, UPR 2300, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. 7667 INPL, Ecole Natl Super Geol, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. 7668 Lab Environm & Mineral, CNRS, UMR 7569, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. 7669 Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, CNRS, UMS 2679, F-75005 Paris, France. 7670 Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. 7671 Univ Nancy 1, Fac Sci, Serv Commun Microscopie Elect Transmiss, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. 7672 RP Toppani, A, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7673 7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. 7674 EM toppani2@llnl.gov 7675 NR 30 7676 TC 0 7677 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7678 PI LONDON 7679 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7680 SN 0028-0836 7681 J9 NATURE 7682 JI Nature 7683 PD OCT 20 7684 PY 2005 7685 VL 437 7686 IS 7062 7687 BP 1121 7688 EP 1124 7689 PG 4 7690 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7691 GA 975KD 7692 UT ISI:000232660500036 7693 ER 7694 7695 PT J 7696 AU Bierhaus, EB 7697 Chapman, CR 7698 Merline, WJ 7699 TI Secondary craters on Europa and implications for cratered surfaces 7700 SO NATURE 7701 LA English 7702 DT Article 7703 ID EJECTION VELOCITY; ECLIPTIC COMETS; IMPACT CRATERS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; 7704 RATES; MARS; ICE; FRAGMENTS; SIZE 7705 AB For several decades, most planetary researchers have regarded the 7706 impact crater populations on solid-surfaced planets and smaller bodies 7707 as predominantly reflecting the direct ('primary') impacts of asteroids 7708 and comets(1). Estimates of the relative and absolute ages of 7709 geological units on these objects have been based on this 7710 assumption(2). Here we present an analysis of the comparatively sparse 7711 crater population on Jupiter's icy moon Europa and suggest that this 7712 assumption is incorrect for small craters. We find that 'secondaries' 7713 (craters formed by material ejected from large primary impact craters) 7714 comprise about 95 per cent of the small craters (diameters less than 1 7715 km) on Europa. We therefore conclude that large primary impacts into a 7716 solid surface (for example, ice or rock) produce far more secondaries 7717 than previously believed, implying that the small crater populations on 7718 the Moon, Mars and other large bodies must be dominated by secondaries. 7719 Moreover, our results indicate that there have been few small comets 7720 (less than 100 m diameter) passing through the jovian system in recent 7721 times, consistent with dynamical simulations(3) 7722 C1 Lockheed Martin, Space Explorat Syst, Denver, CO 80201 USA. 7723 SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. 7724 RP Bierhaus, EB, Lockheed Martin, Space Explorat Syst, MS S8110,POB 179, 7725 Denver, CO 80201 USA. 7726 EM edward.b.bierhaus@lmco.com 7727 NR 30 7728 TC 0 7729 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7730 PI LONDON 7731 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7732 SN 0028-0836 7733 J9 NATURE 7734 JI Nature 7735 PD OCT 20 7736 PY 2005 7737 VL 437 7738 IS 7062 7739 BP 1125 7740 EP 1127 7741 PG 3 7742 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7743 GA 975KD 7744 UT ISI:000232660500037 7745 ER 7746 7747 PT J 7748 AU Shinada, T 7749 Okamoto, S 7750 Kobayashi, T 7751 Ohdomari, I 7752 TI Enhancing semiconductor device performance using ordered dopant arrays 7753 SO NATURE 7754 LA English 7755 DT Article 7756 ID SINGLE-ION IMPLANTATION; IMPURITY ATOMS; FLUCTUATION; MOSFETS; NUMBER 7757 AB As the size of semiconductor devices continues to shrink, the normally 7758 random distribution of the individual dopant atoms within the 7759 semiconductor becomes a critical factor in determining device 7760 performance-homogeneity can no longer be assumed(1-5). Here we report 7761 the fabrication of semiconductor devices in which both the number and 7762 position of the dopant atoms are precisely controlled. To achieve this, 7763 we make use of a recently developed single-ion implantation 7764 technique(6-9), which enables us to implant dopant ions one-by-one into 7765 a fine semiconductor region until the desired number is reached. 7766 Electrical measurements of the resulting transistors reveal that 7767 device-to-device fluctuations in the threshold voltage (V-th; the 7768 turn-on voltage of the device) are less for those structures with 7769 ordered dopant arrays than for those with conventional random doping. 7770 We also find that the devices with ordered dopant arrays exhibit a 7771 shift in V-th, relative to the undoped semiconductor, that is twice 7772 that for a random dopant distribution (-0.4 V versus -0.2 V); we 7773 attribute this to the uniformity of electrostatic potential in the 7774 conducting channel region due to the ordered distribution of dopant 7775 atoms. Our results therefore serve to highlight the improvements in 7776 device performance that can be achieved through atomic-scale control of 7777 the doping process. Furthermore, ordered dopant arrays of this type may 7778 enhance the prospects for realizing silicon-based solid-state quantum 7779 computers(10). 7780 C1 Waseda Univ, Consolidated Res Inst Adv Sci & Med Care, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620041, Japan. 7781 Waseda Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620041, Japan. 7782 RP Shinada, T, Waseda Univ, Consolidated Res Inst Adv Sci & Med Care, 7783 Shinjuku Ku, 513 Wasedatsurumaki Cho, Tokyo 1620041, Japan. 7784 EM shina@waseda.jp 7785 NR 11 7786 TC 1 7787 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7788 PI LONDON 7789 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7790 SN 0028-0836 7791 J9 NATURE 7792 JI Nature 7793 PD OCT 20 7794 PY 2005 7795 VL 437 7796 IS 7062 7797 BP 1128 7798 EP 1131 7799 PG 4 7800 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7801 GA 975KD 7802 UT ISI:000232660500038 7803 ER 7804 7805 PT J 7806 AU Hughes, MD 7807 Xu, YJ 7808 Jenkins, P 7809 McMorn, P 7810 Landon, P 7811 Enache, DI 7812 Carley, AF 7813 Attard, GA 7814 Hutchings, GJ 7815 King, F 7816 Stitt, EH 7817 Johnston, P 7818 Griffin, K 7819 Kiely, CJ 7820 TI Tunable gold catalysts for selective hydrocarbon oxidation under mild 7821 conditions 7822 SO NATURE 7823 LA English 7824 DT Article 7825 ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AU CATALYSTS; EPOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; 7826 CONVERSION; ACID; GLYCEROL; PROPENE; AIR; PD 7827 AB Oxidation is an important method for the synthesis of chemical 7828 intermediates in the manufacture of high-tonnage commodities, 7829 high-value fine chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals: but 7830 oxidations are often inefficient(1). The introduction of catalytic 7831 systems using oxygen from air is preferred for 'green' processing(2). 7832 Gold catalysis is now showing potential in selective redox 7833 processes(3-6), particularly for alcohol oxidation(7-10) and the direct 7834 synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(11,12). However, a major challenge that 7835 persists is the synthesis of an epoxide by the direct electrophilic 7836 addition of oxygen to an alkene(13). Although ethene is epoxidized 7837 efficiently using molecular oxygen with silver catalysts in a 7838 large-scale industrial process(14), this is unique because higher 7839 alkenes can only be effectively epoxidized using hydrogen 7840 peroxide(15-17), hydroperoxides(16) or stoichiometric oxygen donors. 7841 Here we show that nanocrystalline gold catalysts can provide tunable 7842 active catalysts for the oxidation of alkenes using air, with 7843 exceptionally high selectivity to partial oxidation products (similar 7844 to 98%) and significant conversions. Our finding significantly extends 7845 the discovery by Haruta(18,19) that nanocrystalline gold can epoxidize 7846 alkenes when hydrogen is used to activate the molecular oxygen; in our 7847 case, no sacrificial reductant is needed. We anticipate that our 7848 finding will initiate attempts to understand more fully the mechanism 7849 of oxygen activation at gold surfaces, which might lead to commercial 7850 exploitation of the high redox activity of gold nanocrystals. 7851 C1 Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales. 7852 Johnson Matthey Catalysts, Middlesbrough TS23 1LB, England. 7853 Johnson Matthey Catalysts, Royston SG8 5HE, Herts, England. 7854 Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. 7855 RP Hutchings, GJ, Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 7856 3AT, Wales. 7857 EM hutch@cardiff.ac.uk 7858 NR 24 7859 TC 1 7860 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7861 PI LONDON 7862 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7863 SN 0028-0836 7864 J9 NATURE 7865 JI Nature 7866 PD OCT 20 7867 PY 2005 7868 VL 437 7869 IS 7062 7870 BP 1132 7871 EP 1135 7872 PG 4 7873 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7874 GA 975KD 7875 UT ISI:000232660500039 7876 ER 7877 7878 PT J 7879 AU McNamara, AK 7880 Zhong, SJ 7881 TI Thermochemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean 7882 SO NATURE 7883 LA English 7884 DT Article 7885 ID MANTLE CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DEEP MANTLE; MODELS; SHEAR; 7886 HETEROGENEITY; INVERSION; VELOCITY; SUPERPLUME; VISCOSITY 7887 AB Large low-velocity seismic anomalies have been detected in the Earth's 7888 lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean that are not easily 7889 explained by temperature variations alone(1-11). The African anomaly 7890 has been interpreted to be a northwest southeast-trending 7891 structure(3-5,7) with a sharp-edged linear, ridgelike morphology(9,10). 7892 The Pacific anomaly, on the other hand, appears to be more rounded in 7893 shape(1-4,6,7,11). Mantle models with heterogeneous composition have 7894 related these structures to dense thermochemical piles or 7895 superplumes(12-19). It has not been shown, however, that such models 7896 can lead to thermochemical structures that satisfy the geometrical 7897 constraints, as inferred from seismological observations. Here we 7898 present numerical models of thermochemical convection in a 7899 three-dimensional spherical geometry using plate velocities inferred 7900 for the past 119 million years(20). We show that Earth's subduction 7901 history can lead to thermochemical structures similar in shape to the 7902 observed large, lower-mantle velocity anomalies. We find that 7903 subduction history tends to focus dense material into a ridge-like pile 7904 beneath Africa and a relatively more-rounded pile under the Pacific 7905 Ocean, consistent with seismic observations. 7906 C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 7907 RP McNamara, AK, Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 7908 EM allen.mcnamara@asu.edu 7909 NR 25 7910 TC 0 7911 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7912 PI LONDON 7913 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7914 SN 0028-0836 7915 J9 NATURE 7916 JI Nature 7917 PD OCT 20 7918 PY 2005 7919 VL 437 7920 IS 7062 7921 BP 1136 7922 EP 1139 7923 PG 4 7924 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7925 GA 975KD 7926 UT ISI:000232660500040 7927 ER 7928 7929 PT J 7930 AU Parman, SW 7931 Kurz, MD 7932 Hart, SR 7933 Grove, TL 7934 TI Helium solubility in olivine and implications for high He-3/He-4 in 7935 ocean island basalts 7936 SO NATURE 7937 LA English 7938 DT Article 7939 ID NOBLE-GASES; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; EARTHS MANTLE; SYSTEMATICS; 7940 EVOLUTION; RIDGE; MELTS; NEON; FRACTIONATION; CONSTRAINTS 7941 AB High He-3/(4) He ratios found in ocean island basalts are the main 7942 evidence for the existence of an undegassed mantle reservoir(1-3). 7943 However, models of helium isotope evolution depend critically on the 7944 chemical behaviour of helium during mantle melting. It is generally 7945 assumed that helium is strongly enriched in mantle melts relative to 7946 uranium and thorium, yet estimates of helium partitioning in mantle 7947 minerals have produced conflicting results(4-6). Here we present 7948 experimental measurements of helium solubility in olivine at 7949 atmospheric pressure. Natural and synthetic olivines were equilibrated 7950 with a 50% helium atmosphere and analysed by crushing in vacuo followed 7951 by melting, and yield a minimum olivine-melt partition coefficient of 7952 0.0025 +/- 0.0005 (s.d.) and a maximum of 0.0060 +/- 0.0007 (s.d.). The 7953 results indicate that helium might be more compatible than uranium and 7954 thorium during mantle melting and that high He-3/(4) He ratios can be 7955 preserved in depleted residues of melting. A depleted source for high 7956 He-3/(4) He ocean island basalts would resolve the apparent 7957 discrepancy(7) in the relative helium concentrations of ocean island 7958 and mid-ocean-ridge basalts. 7959 C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 7960 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. 7961 RP Parman, SW, Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, 7962 England. 7963 EM stephen.parman@durham.ac.uk 7964 NR 30 7965 TC 0 7966 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 7967 PI LONDON 7968 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 7969 SN 0028-0836 7970 J9 NATURE 7971 JI Nature 7972 PD OCT 20 7973 PY 2005 7974 VL 437 7975 IS 7062 7976 BP 1140 7977 EP 1143 7978 PG 4 7979 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 7980 GA 975KD 7981 UT ISI:000232660500041 7982 ER 7983 7984 PT J 7985 AU Maxmen, A 7986 Browne, WE 7987 Martindale, MQ 7988 Giribet, G 7989 TI Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the 7990 protocerebral segment 7991 SO NATURE 7992 LA English 7993 DT Article 7994 ID HEAD SEGMENTATION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INSECT BRAIN; OPTIC LOBES; 7995 EXPRESSION; ARTHROPODA; MORPHOLOGY; PYCNOGONIDA; CRUSTACEANS; PHYLOGENY 7996 AB Independent specialization of arthropod body segments has led to more 7997 than a century of debate on the homology of morphologically diverse 7998 segments(1,2), each defined by a lateral appendage and a ganglion of 7999 the central nervous system. The plesiomorphic composition of the 8000 arthropod head remains enigmatic because variation in segments and 8001 corresponding appendages is extreme. Within extant arthropod classes 8002 (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda-including the insects), 8003 correspondences between the appendage-bearing second (deutocerebral) 8004 and third (tritocerebral) cephalic neuromeres have been recently 8005 resolved on the basis of immunohistochemistry(1) and Hox gene 8006 expression patterns(3,4). However, no appendage targets the first 8007 ganglion, the protocerebrum, and the corresponding segmental identity 8008 of this anterior region remains unclear(5). Reconstructions of 8009 stem-group arthropods indicate that the anteriormost region originally 8010 might have borne an ocular apparatus and a frontal appendage innervated 8011 by the protocerebrum(6). However, no study of the central nervous 8012 system in extant arthropods has been able to corroborate this idea 8013 directly, although recent analyses of cephalic gene expression patterns 8014 in insects suggest a segmental status for the protocerebral 8015 region(7-10). Here we investigate the developmental neuroanatomy of a 8016 putative basal arthropod(11), the pycnogonid sea spider, with 8017 immunohistochemical techniques. We show that the first pair of 8018 appendages, the chelifores, are innervated at an anterior position on 8019 the protocerebrum. This is the first true appendage shown to be 8020 innervated by the protocerebrum, and thus pycnogonid chelifores are not 8021 positionally homologous to appendages of extant arthropods but might, 8022 in fact, be homologous to the 'great appendages' of certain Cambrian 8023 stem-group arthropods. 8024 C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 8025 Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 8026 Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. 8027 RP Maxmen, A, Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 26 Oxford 8028 St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 8029 EM amaxmen@oeb.harvard.edu 8030 NR 32 8031 TC 1 8032 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8033 PI LONDON 8034 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8035 SN 0028-0836 8036 J9 NATURE 8037 JI Nature 8038 PD OCT 20 8039 PY 2005 8040 VL 437 8041 IS 7062 8042 BP 1144 8043 EP 1148 8044 PG 5 8045 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8046 GA 975KD 8047 UT ISI:000232660500042 8048 ER 8049 8050 PT J 8051 AU Andolfatto, P 8052 TI Adaptive evolution of non-coding DNA in Drosophila 8053 SO NATURE 8054 LA English 8055 DT Article 8056 ID BACKGROUND SELECTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; 8057 MELANOGASTER; SEQUENCE; GENE; CONSTRAINTS; GENOMES 8058 AB A large fraction of eukaryotic genomes consists of DNA that is not 8059 translated into protein sequence, and little is known about its 8060 functional significance. Here I show that several classes of non-coding 8061 DNA in Drosophila are evolving considerably slower than synonymous 8062 sites, and yet show an excess of between-species divergence relative to 8063 polymorphism when compared with synonymous sites. The former is a 8064 hallmark of selective constraint, but the latter is a signature of 8065 adaptive evolution, resembling general patterns of protein evolution in 8066 Drosophila(1,2). I estimate that about 40-70% of nucleotides in 8067 intergenic regions, untranslated portions of mature mRNAs ( UTRs) and 8068 most intronic DNA are evolutionarily constrained relative to synonymous 8069 sites. However, I also use an extension to the McDonald-Kreitman 8070 test(3) to show that a substantial fraction of the nucleotide 8071 divergence in these regions was driven to fixation by positive 8072 selection (about 20% for most intronic and intergenic DNA, and 60% for 8073 UTRs). On the basis of these observations, I suggest that a large 8074 fraction of the non-translated genome is functionally important and 8075 subject to both purifying selection and adaptive evolution. These 8076 results imply that, although positive selection is clearly an important 8077 facet of protein evolution, adaptive changes to non-coding DNA might 8078 have been considerably more common in the evolution of D. melanogaster. 8079 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 8080 RP Andolfatto, P, Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav & 8081 Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 8082 EM pandolfatto@ucsd.edu 8083 NR 29 8084 TC 1 8085 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8086 PI LONDON 8087 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8088 SN 0028-0836 8089 J9 NATURE 8090 JI Nature 8091 PD OCT 20 8092 PY 2005 8093 VL 437 8094 IS 7062 8095 BP 1149 8096 EP 1152 8097 PG 4 8098 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8099 GA 975KD 8100 UT ISI:000232660500043 8101 ER 8102 8103 PT J 8104 AU Bustamante, CD 8105 Fledel-Alon, A 8106 Williamson, S 8107 Nielsen, R 8108 Hubisz, MT 8109 Glanowski, S 8110 Tanenbaum, DM 8111 White, TJ 8112 Sninsky, JJ 8113 Hernandez, RD 8114 Civello, D 8115 Adams, MD 8116 Cargill, M 8117 Clark, AG 8118 TI Natural selection on protein-coding genes in the human genome 8119 SO NATURE 8120 LA English 8121 DT Article 8122 ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION-GENETICS; MOLECULAR 8123 EVOLUTION; DROSOPHILA; PATTERNS; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVERGENCE; LOCUS 8124 AB Comparisons of DNA polymorphism within species to divergence between 8125 species enables the discovery of molecular adaptation in evolutionarily 8126 constrained genes as well as the differentiation of weak from strong 8127 purifying selection(1-4). The extent to which weak negative and 8128 positive darwinian selection have driven the molecular evolution of 8129 different species varies greatly(5-16), with some species, such as 8130 Drosophila melanogaster, showing strong evidence of pervasive positive 8131 selection(6-9), and others, such as the selfing weed Arabidopsis 8132 thaliana, showing an excess of deleterious variation within local 8133 populations(9,10). Here we contrast patterns of coding sequence 8134 polymorphism identified by direct sequencing of 39 humans for over 8135 11,000 genes to divergence between humans and chimpanzees, and find 8136 strong evidence that natural selection has shaped the recent molecular 8137 evolution of our species. Our analysis discovered 304 (9.0%) out of 8138 3,377 potentially informative loci showing evidence of rapid amino acid 8139 evolution. Furthermore, 813 (13.5%) out of 6,033 potentially 8140 informative loci show a paucity of amino acid differences between 8141 humans and chimpanzees, indicating weak negative selection and/or 8142 balancing selection operating on mutations at these loci. We find that 8143 the distribution of negatively and positively selected genes varies 8144 greatly among biological processes and molecular functions, and that 8145 some classes, such as transcription factors, show an excess of rapidly 8146 evolving genes, whereas others, such as cytoskeletal proteins, show an 8147 excess of genes with extensive amino acid polymorphism within humans 8148 and yet little amino acid divergence between humans and chimpanzees. 8149 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 8150 Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Bioinformat, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 8151 Appl Biosyst Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 8152 Celera Diagnost, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. 8153 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. 8154 Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 8155 RP Bustamante, CD, Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, 101 8156 Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 8157 EM cdb28@cornell.edu 8158 NR 24 8159 TC 0 8160 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8161 PI LONDON 8162 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8163 SN 0028-0836 8164 J9 NATURE 8165 JI Nature 8166 PD OCT 20 8167 PY 2005 8168 VL 437 8169 IS 7062 8170 BP 1153 8171 EP 1157 8172 PG 5 8173 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8174 GA 975KD 8175 UT ISI:000232660500044 8176 ER 8177 8178 PT J 8179 AU Barnes, TD 8180 Kubota, Y 8181 Hu, D 8182 Jin, DZZ 8183 Graybiel, AM 8184 TI Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of 8185 procedural memories 8186 SO NATURE 8187 LA English 8188 DT Article 8189 ID BASAL GANGLIA; PREDICTION; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; HABITS; CORTEX 8190 AB Learning to perform a behavioural procedure as a well-ingrained habit 8191 requires extensive repetition of the behavioural sequence, and learning 8192 not to perform such behaviours is notoriously difficult. Yet regaining 8193 a habit can occur quickly, with even one or a few exposures to cues 8194 previously triggering the behaviour(1-3). To identify neural mechanisms 8195 that might underlie such learning dynamics, we made long-term 8196 recordings from multiple neurons in the sensorimotor striatum, a basal 8197 ganglia structure implicated in habit formation(4-8), in rats 8198 successively trained on a reward-based procedural task, given 8199 extinction training and then given reacquisition training. The spike 8200 activity of striatal output neurons, nodal points in cortico-basal 8201 ganglia circuits, changed markedly across multiple dimensions during 8202 each of these phases of learning. First, new patterns of task-related 8203 ensemble firing successively formed, reversed and then re-emerged. 8204 Second, task-irrelevant firing was suppressed, then rebounded, and then 8205 was suppressed again. These changing spike activity patterns were 8206 highly correlated with changes in behavioural performance. We propose 8207 that these changes in task representation in cortico-basal ganglia 8208 circuits represent neural equivalents of the explore-exploit behaviour 8209 characteristic of habit learning. 8210 C1 MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 8211 MIT, McGovern Inst Brain Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 8212 Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 0104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 8213 RP Graybiel, AM, MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, 43 Vassar St,46-6133, 8214 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 8215 EM graybiel@mit.edu 8216 NR 30 8217 TC 0 8218 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8219 PI LONDON 8220 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8221 SN 0028-0836 8222 J9 NATURE 8223 JI Nature 8224 PD OCT 20 8225 PY 2005 8226 VL 437 8227 IS 7062 8228 BP 1158 8229 EP 1161 8230 PG 4 8231 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8232 GA 975KD 8233 UT ISI:000232660500045 8234 ER 8235 8236 PT J 8237 AU Ghedin, E 8238 Sengamalay, NA 8239 Shumway, M 8240 Zaborsky, J 8241 Feldblyum, T 8242 Subbu, V 8243 Spiro, DJ 8244 Sitz, J 8245 Koo, H 8246 Bolotov, P 8247 Dernovoy, D 8248 Tatusova, T 8249 Bao, YM 8250 St George, K 8251 Taylor, J 8252 Lipman, DJ 8253 Fraser, CM 8254 Taubenberger, JK 8255 Salzberg, SL 8256 TI Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of 8257 viral genome evolution 8258 SO NATURE 8259 LA English 8260 DT Article 8261 ID VIRUS NEURAMINIDASE; ANTIGENIC SITES; PROTEIN; HOSPITALIZATIONS; 8262 REASSORTMENT; PB1-F2; ASIA 8263 AB Influenza viruses are remarkably adept at surviving in the human 8264 population over a long timescale. The human influenza A virus continues 8265 to thrive even among populations with widespread access to vaccines, 8266 and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality(1,2). The 8267 virus mutates from year to year, making the existing vaccines 8268 ineffective on a regular basis, and requiring that new strains be 8269 chosen for a new vaccine. Less-frequent major changes, known as 8270 antigenic shift, create new strains against which the human population 8271 has little protective immunity, thereby causing worldwide pandemics. 8272 The most recent pandemics include the 1918 'Spanish' flu, one of the 8273 most deadly outbreaks in recorded history, which killed 30-50 million 8274 people worldwide, the 1957 'Asian' flu, and the 1968 'Hong Kong' 8275 flu(3). Motivated by the need for a better understanding of influenza 8276 evolution, we have developed flexible protocols that make it possible 8277 to apply large-scale sequencing techniques to the highly variable 8278 influenza genome. Here we report the results of sequencing 209 complete 8279 genomes of the human influenza A virus, encompassing a total of 8280 2,821,103 nucleotides. In addition to increasing markedly the number of 8281 publicly available, complete influenza virus genomes, we have 8282 discovered several anomalies in these first 209 genomes that 8283 demonstrate the dynamic nature of influenza transmission and evolution. 8284 This new, large-scale sequencing effort promises to provide a more 8285 comprehensive picture of the evolution of influenza viruses and of 8286 their pattern of transmission through human and animal populations. All 8287 data from this project are being deposited, without delay, in public 8288 archives. 8289 C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 8290 NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. 8291 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. 8292 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 8293 Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 8294 RP Salzberg, SL, Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 8295 EM salzberg@umd.edu 8296 NR 27 8297 TC 0 8298 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8299 PI LONDON 8300 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8301 SN 0028-0836 8302 J9 NATURE 8303 JI Nature 8304 PD OCT 20 8305 PY 2005 8306 VL 437 8307 IS 7062 8308 BP 1162 8309 EP 1166 8310 PG 5 8311 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8312 GA 975KD 8313 UT ISI:000232660500046 8314 ER 8315 8316 PT J 8317 AU Meylan, E 8318 Curran, J 8319 Hofmann, K 8320 Moradpour, D 8321 Binder, M 8322 Bartenschlager, R 8323 Tschopp, R 8324 TI Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is 8325 targeted by hepatitis C virus 8326 SO NATURE 8327 LA English 8328 DT Article 8329 ID NF-KAPPA-B; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; 8330 MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; IKK-EPSILON; ACTIVATION; HELICASE; 8331 IDENTIFICATION; CLEAVAGE; DETERMINANTS 8332 AB Antiviral immunity against a pathogen is mounted upon recognition by 8333 the host of virally associated structures. One of these viral 8334 'signatures', double-stranded (ds) RNA, is a replication product of 8335 most viruses within infected cells and is sensed by Toll-like receptor 8336 3 (TLR3) and the recently identified cytosolic RNA helicases RIG-I 8337 (retinoic acid inducible gene I, also known as Ddx58) and Mda5 8338 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or 8339 Helicard)(1). Both helicases detect dsRNA, and through their 8340 protein-interacting CARD domains, relay an undefined signal resulting 8341 in the activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory 8342 factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-kappa B. Here we describe Cardif, a new 8343 CARD-containing adaptor protein that interacts with RIG-I and recruits 8344 IKK alpha, IKK beta and IKK epsilon kinases by means of its C-terminal 8345 region, leading to the activation of NF-kappa B and IRF3. 8346 Overexpression of Cardif results in interferon-beta and NF-kappa B 8347 promoter activation, and knockdown of Cardif by short interfering RNA 8348 inhibits RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses. Cardif is targeted and 8349 inactivated by NS3-4A, a serine protease from hepatitis C virus known 8350 to block interferon-beta production. Cardif thus functions as an 8351 adaptor, linking the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptor RIG-I to the initiation 8352 of antiviral programmes. 8353 C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Biochem, BIL Biomed Res Ctr, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. 8354 Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. 8355 MEMOREC Biotec GmbH, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. 8356 CHU Vaudois, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. 8357 Univ Heidelberg, Dept Mol Virol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 8358 RP Tschopp, R, Univ Lausanne, Dept Biochem, BIL Biomed Res Ctr, Chemin 8359 Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. 8360 EM jurg.tschopp@unil.ch 8361 NR 32 8362 TC 0 8363 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8364 PI LONDON 8365 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8366 SN 0028-0836 8367 J9 NATURE 8368 JI Nature 8369 PD OCT 20 8370 PY 2005 8371 VL 437 8372 IS 7062 8373 BP 1167 8374 EP 1172 8375 PG 6 8376 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8377 GA 975KD 8378 UT ISI:000232660500047 8379 ER 8380 8381 PT J 8382 AU Rual, JF 8383 Venkatesan, K 8384 Hao, T 8385 Hirozane-Kishikawa, T 8386 Dricot, A 8387 Li, N 8388 Berriz, GF 8389 Gibbons, FD 8390 Dreze, M 8391 Ayivi-Guedehoussou, N 8392 Klitgord, N 8393 Simon, C 8394 Boxem, M 8395 Milstein, S 8396 Rosenberg, J 8397 Goldberg, DS 8398 Zhang, LV 8399 Wong, SL 8400 Franklin, G 8401 Li, SM 8402 Albala, JS 8403 Lim, JH 8404 Fraughton, C 8405 Llamosas, E 8406 Cevik, S 8407 Bex, C 8408 Lamesch, P 8409 Sikorski, RS 8410 Vandenhaute, J 8411 Zoghbi, HY 8412 Smolyar, A 8413 Bosak, S 8414 Sequerra, R 8415 Doucette-Stamm, L 8416 Cusick, ME 8417 Hill, DE 8418 Roth, FP 8419 Vidal, M 8420 TI Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction 8421 network 8422 SO NATURE 8423 LA English 8424 DT Article 8425 ID ORFEOME VERSION 1.1; INTERACTION DATABASE; 2-HYBRID SCREENS; C-ELEGANS; 8426 GENOME; ANNOTATION; RESOURCE; PLATFORM; BIOLOGY; GENES 8427 AB Systematic mapping of protein-protein interactions, or 'interactome' 8428 mapping, was initiated in model organisms, starting with defined 8429 biological processes(1,2) and then expanding to the scale of the 8430 proteome(3-7). Although far from complete, such maps have revealed 8431 global topological and dynamic features of interactome networks that 8432 relate to known biological properties(8,9), suggesting that a human 8433 interactome map will provide insight into development and disease 8434 mechanisms at a systems level. Here we describe an initial version of a 8435 proteome-scale map of human binary protein-protein interactions. Using 8436 a stringent, high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system, we tested 8437 pairwise interactions among the products of similar to 8,100 currently 8438 available Gateway-cloned open reading frames and detected similar to 8439 2,800 interactions. This data set, called CCSB-HI1, has a verification 8440 rate of similar to 78% as revealed by an independent co-affinity 8441 purification assay, and correlates significantly with other biological 8442 attributes. The CCSB-HI1 data set increases by similar to 70% the set 8443 of available binary interactions within the tested space and reveals 8444 more than 300 new connections to over 100 disease-associated proteins. 8445 This work represents an important step towards a systematic and 8446 comprehensive human interactome project. 8447 C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 8448 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 8449 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 8450 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 8451 Fac Notre Dame Paix, Unite Rech Biol Mol, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. 8452 Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 8453 Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 8454 Baylor Univ, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 8455 Baylor Univ, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 8456 Baylor Univ, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. 8457 Arcbay Inc, Boston, MA 01915 USA. 8458 Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. 8459 RP Vidal, M, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, 44 Binney St, 8460 Boston, MA 02115 USA. 8461 EM david_hill@dfci.harvard.edu 8462 fritz_roth@hms.harvard.edu 8463 marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu 8464 NR 30 8465 TC 0 8466 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8467 PI LONDON 8468 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8469 SN 0028-0836 8470 J9 NATURE 8471 JI Nature 8472 PD OCT 20 8473 PY 2005 8474 VL 437 8475 IS 7062 8476 BP 1173 8477 EP 1178 8478 PG 6 8479 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8480 GA 975KD 8481 UT ISI:000232660500048 8482 ER 8483 8484 PT J 8485 AU Bonardi, V 8486 Pesaresi, P 8487 Becker, T 8488 Schleiff, E 8489 Wagner, R 8490 Pfannschmidt, T 8491 Jahns, P 8492 Leister, D 8493 TI Photosystem II core phosphorylation and photosynthetic acclimation 8494 require two different protein kinases 8495 SO NATURE 8496 LA English 8497 DT Article 8498 ID HARVESTING COMPLEX-II; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STATE TRANSITIONS; REDOX 8499 SIGNALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OUTER ENVELOPE; NUCLEAR GENES; REPAIR CYCLE; 8500 IN-VIVO; CHLOROPLAST 8501 AB Illumination changes elicit modifications of thylakoid proteins and 8502 reorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. This involves, in the 8503 short term, phosphorylation of photosystem II (PSII) and 8504 light-harvesting (LHCII) proteins. PSII phosphorylation is thought to 8505 be relevant for PSII turnover(1,2), whereas LHCII phosphorylation is 8506 associated with the relocation of LHCII and the redistribution of 8507 excitation energy (state transitions) between photosystems(3,4). In the 8508 long term, imbalances in energy distribution between photosystems are 8509 counteracted by adjusting photosystem stoichiometry(5,6). In the green 8510 alga Chlamydomonas and the plant Arabidopsis, state transitions require 8511 the orthologous protein kinases STT7 and STN7, respectively(7,8). Here 8512 we show that in Arabidopsis a second protein kinase, STN8, is required 8513 for the quantitative phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. However, 8514 PSII activity under high-intensity light is affected only slightly in 8515 stn8 mutants, and D1 turnover is indistinguishable from the wild type, 8516 implying that reversible protein phosphorylation is not essential for 8517 PSII repair. Acclimation to changes in light quality is defective in 8518 stn7 but not in stn8 mutants, indicating that short-term and long-term 8519 photosynthetic adaptations are coupled. Therefore the phosphorylation 8520 of LHCII, or of an unknown substrate of STN7, is also crucial for the 8521 control of photosynthetic gene expression. 8522 C1 Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Inst Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany. 8523 Max Planck Inst Zuchtungsforsch, Abt Pflanzenzuchtung & Genet, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. 8524 Fdn Parco Tecnol Padano, I-26900 Lodi, Italy. 8525 Univ Jena, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany. 8526 Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzen, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. 8527 RP Leister, D, Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Inst Bot, Menzinger Str 67, 8528 D-80638 Munich, Germany. 8529 EM leister@lrz.uni-muenchen.de 8530 NR 30 8531 TC 0 8532 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8533 PI LONDON 8534 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8535 SN 0028-0836 8536 J9 NATURE 8537 JI Nature 8538 PD OCT 20 8539 PY 2005 8540 VL 437 8541 IS 7062 8542 BP 1179 8543 EP 1182 8544 PG 4 8545 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8546 GA 975KD 8547 UT ISI:000232660500049 8548 ER 8549 8550 PT J 8551 AU Ha, SC 8552 Lowenhaupt, K 8553 Rich, A 8554 Kim, YG 8555 Kim, KK 8556 TI Crystal structure of a junction between B-DNA and Z-DNA reveals two 8557 extruded bases 8558 SO NATURE 8559 LA English 8560 DT Article 8561 ID HANDED Z-DNA; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; BINDING; GENE; PROMOTER; COMPLEX; 8562 FORMS; MODEL 8563 AB Left-handed Z-DNA is a higher-energy form of the double helix, 8564 stabilized by negative supercoiling generated by transcription or 8565 unwrapping nucleosomes(1). Regions near the transcription start site 8566 frequently contain sequence motifs favourable for forming Z-DNA(2), and 8567 formation of Z-DNA near the promoter region stimulates 8568 transcription(3,4). Z-DNA is also stabilized by specific protein 8569 binding; several proteins have been identified with low nanomolar 8570 binding constants(5-9). Z-DNA occurs in a dynamic state, forming as a 8571 result of physiological processes then relaxing to the right-handed 8572 B-DNA(1). Each time a DNA segment turns into Z-DNA, two B-Z junctions 8573 form. These have been examined extensively(10-12), but their structure 8574 was unknown. Here we describe the structure of a B-Z junction as 8575 revealed by X-ray crystallography at 2.6 angstrom resolution. A 8576 15-base-pair segment of DNA is stabilized at one end in the Z 8577 conformation by Z-DNA binding proteins, while the other end remains 8578 B-DNA. Continuous stacking of bases between B-DNA and Z-DNA segments is 8579 found, with the breaking of one base pair at the junction and extrusion 8580 of the bases on each side (Fig. 1). These extruded bases may be sites 8581 for DNA modification. 8582 C1 Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Biomed Res Inst, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. 8583 Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sungkyunkwan Adv Inst Nanotecnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. 8584 MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 8585 Chung Ang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Seoul 156756, South Korea. 8586 RP Kim, KK, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Biomed Res Inst, Dept Mol 8587 Cell Biol, Suwon 440746, South Korea. 8588 EM ygkimmit@cau.ac.kr 8589 kkim@med.skku.ac.kr 8590 NR 31 8591 TC 1 8592 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8593 PI LONDON 8594 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8595 SN 0028-0836 8596 J9 NATURE 8597 JI Nature 8598 PD OCT 20 8599 PY 2005 8600 VL 437 8601 IS 7062 8602 BP 1183 8603 EP 1186 8604 PG 4 8605 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8606 GA 975KD 8607 UT ISI:000232660500050 8608 ER 8609 8610 PT J 8611 AU Callaghan, AJ 8612 Marcaida, MJ 8613 Stead, JA 8614 McDowall, KJ 8615 Scott, WG 8616 Luisi, BF 8617 TI Structure of Escherichia coli RNase E catalytic domain and implications 8618 for RNA turnover 8619 SO NATURE 8620 LA English 8621 DT Article 8622 ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBONUCLEASE-E; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE; 8623 TERMINAL HALF; GENE; DEGRADATION; SPECIFICITY; DEGRADOSOME; SITE 8624 AB The coordinated regulation of gene expression is required for 8625 homeostasis, growth and development in all organisms. Such coordination 8626 may be partly achieved at the level of messenger RNA stability(1), in 8627 which the targeted destruction of subsets of transcripts generates the 8628 potential for cross-regulating metabolic pathways. In Escherichia coli, 8629 the balance and composition of the transcript population is affected by 8630 RNase E, an essential endoribonuclease that not only turns over RNA but 8631 also processes certain key RNA precursors(2-10). RNase E cleaves RNA 8632 internally, but its catalytic power is determined by the 50 terminus of 8633 the substrate, even if this lies at a distance from the cutting 8634 site(11-14). Here we report crystal structures of the catalytic domain 8635 of RNase E as trapped allosteric intermediates with RNA substrates. 8636 Four subunits of RNase E catalytic domain associate into an interwoven 8637 quaternary structure, explaining why the subunit organization is 8638 required for catalytic activity. The subdomain encompassing the active 8639 site is structurally congruent to a deoxyribonuclease, making an 8640 unexpected link in the evolutionary history of RNA and DNA nucleases. 8641 The structure explains how the recognition of the 50 terminus of the 8642 substrate may trigger catalysis and also sheds light on the question of 8643 how RNase E might selectively process, rather than destroy, specific 8644 RNA precursors. 8645 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England. 8646 Univ Leeds, Astbury Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. 8647 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. 8648 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. 8649 RP Luisi, BF, Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge 8650 CB2 1GA, England. 8651 EM ben@cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk 8652 NR 30 8653 TC 0 8654 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8655 PI LONDON 8656 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8657 SN 0028-0836 8658 J9 NATURE 8659 JI Nature 8660 PD OCT 20 8661 PY 2005 8662 VL 437 8663 IS 7062 8664 BP 1187 8665 EP 1191 8666 PG 5 8667 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8668 GA 975KD 8669 UT ISI:000232660500051 8670 ER 8671 8672 PT J 8673 AU Gershon, D 8674 TI DNA microarrays: More than than gene expression 8675 SO NATURE 8676 LA English 8677 DT Article 8678 NR 0 8679 TC 0 8680 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8681 PI LONDON 8682 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8683 SN 0028-0836 8684 J9 NATURE 8685 JI Nature 8686 PD OCT 20 8687 PY 2005 8688 VL 437 8689 IS 7062 8690 BP 1195 8691 EP 1200 8692 PG 6 8693 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8694 GA 975KD 8695 UT ISI:000232660500052 8696 ER 8697 8698 PT J 8699 AU Crumey, A 8700 TI Calculation quest - And the winner is... 8701 SO NATURE 8702 LA English 8703 DT Editorial Material 8704 NR 0 8705 TC 0 8706 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8707 PI LONDON 8708 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8709 SN 0028-0836 8710 J9 NATURE 8711 JI Nature 8712 PD OCT 20 8713 PY 2005 8714 VL 437 8715 IS 7062 8716 BP 1206 8717 EP 1206 8718 PG 1 8719 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8720 GA 975KD 8721 UT ISI:000232660500053 8722 ER 8723 8724 PT J 8725 AU [Anon] 8726 TI Peace and honour 8727 SO NATURE 8728 LA English 8729 DT Editorial Material 8730 NR 1 8731 TC 0 8732 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8733 PI LONDON 8734 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8735 SN 0028-0836 8736 J9 NATURE 8737 JI Nature 8738 PD OCT 13 8739 PY 2005 8740 VL 437 8741 IS 7061 8742 BP 927 8743 EP 927 8744 PG 1 8745 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8746 GA 973AU 8747 UT ISI:000232496100001 8748 ER 8749 8750 PT J 8751 AU [Anon] 8752 TI From rhetoric to reality 8753 SO NATURE 8754 LA English 8755 DT Editorial Material 8756 NR 0 8757 TC 0 8758 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8759 PI LONDON 8760 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8761 SN 0028-0836 8762 J9 NATURE 8763 JI Nature 8764 PD OCT 13 8765 PY 2005 8766 VL 437 8767 IS 7061 8768 BP 927 8769 EP 928 8770 PG 2 8771 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8772 GA 973AU 8773 UT ISI:000232496100002 8774 ER 8775 8776 PT J 8777 AU [Anon] 8778 TI Advise the president 8779 SO NATURE 8780 LA English 8781 DT Editorial Material 8782 NR 0 8783 TC 0 8784 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8785 PI LONDON 8786 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8787 SN 0028-0836 8788 J9 NATURE 8789 JI Nature 8790 PD OCT 13 8791 PY 2005 8792 VL 437 8793 IS 7061 8794 BP 928 8795 EP 928 8796 PG 1 8797 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8798 GA 973AU 8799 UT ISI:000232496100003 8800 ER 8801 8802 PT J 8803 AU Check, E 8804 TI US progressives fight for a voice in bioethics 8805 SO NATURE 8806 LA English 8807 DT News Item 8808 NR 1 8809 TC 0 8810 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8811 PI LONDON 8812 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8813 SN 0028-0836 8814 J9 NATURE 8815 JI Nature 8816 PD OCT 13 8817 PY 2005 8818 VL 437 8819 IS 7061 8820 BP 932 8821 EP 933 8822 PG 2 8823 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8824 GA 973AU 8825 UT ISI:000232496100004 8826 ER 8827 8828 PT J 8829 AU Giles, J 8830 TI Nuclear group nabs peace prize 8831 SO NATURE 8832 LA English 8833 DT News Item 8834 NR 0 8835 TC 0 8836 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8837 PI LONDON 8838 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8839 SN 0028-0836 8840 J9 NATURE 8841 JI Nature 8842 PD OCT 13 8843 PY 2005 8844 VL 437 8845 IS 7061 8846 BP 932 8847 EP 933 8848 PG 2 8849 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8850 GA 973AU 8851 UT ISI:000232496100005 8852 ER 8853 8854 PT J 8855 AU Dalton, R 8856 TI More evidence for hobbit unearthed as diggers are refused access to cave 8857 SO NATURE 8858 LA English 8859 DT News Item 8860 NR 2 8861 TC 0 8862 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8863 PI LONDON 8864 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8865 SN 0028-0836 8866 J9 NATURE 8867 JI Nature 8868 PD OCT 13 8869 PY 2005 8870 VL 437 8871 IS 7061 8872 BP 934 8873 EP 935 8874 PG 2 8875 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8876 GA 973AU 8877 UT ISI:000232496100006 8878 ER 8879 8880 PT J 8881 AU Hopkin, M 8882 TI The life of a hobbit 8883 SO NATURE 8884 LA English 8885 DT News Item 8886 NR 0 8887 TC 0 8888 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8889 PI LONDON 8890 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8891 SN 0028-0836 8892 J9 NATURE 8893 JI Nature 8894 PD OCT 13 8895 PY 2005 8896 VL 437 8897 IS 7061 8898 BP 935 8899 EP 935 8900 PG 1 8901 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8902 GA 973AU 8903 UT ISI:000232496100007 8904 ER 8905 8906 PT J 8907 AU Butler, D 8908 TI Indonesia struggles to control bird flu outbreak 8909 SO NATURE 8910 LA English 8911 DT Editorial Material 8912 NR 2 8913 TC 0 8914 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8915 PI LONDON 8916 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8917 SN 0028-0836 8918 J9 NATURE 8919 JI Nature 8920 PD OCT 13 8921 PY 2005 8922 VL 437 8923 IS 7061 8924 BP 937 8925 EP 937 8926 PG 1 8927 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8928 GA 973AU 8929 UT ISI:000232496100008 8930 ER 8931 8932 PT J 8933 AU Ball, P 8934 TI Chemical exchange captures Nobel 8935 SO NATURE 8936 LA English 8937 DT News Item 8938 NR 0 8939 TC 0 8940 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8941 PI LONDON 8942 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8943 SN 0028-0836 8944 J9 NATURE 8945 JI Nature 8946 PD OCT 13 8947 PY 2005 8948 VL 437 8949 IS 7061 8950 BP 938 8951 EP 938 8952 PG 1 8953 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8954 GA 973AU 8955 UT ISI:000232496100009 8956 ER 8957 8958 PT J 8959 AU Nadis, S 8960 TI Ig Nobels hail world's longest-running experiment 8961 SO NATURE 8962 LA English 8963 DT News Item 8964 NR 0 8965 TC 0 8966 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8967 PI LONDON 8968 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8969 SN 0028-0836 8970 J9 NATURE 8971 JI Nature 8972 PD OCT 13 8973 PY 2005 8974 VL 437 8975 IS 7061 8976 BP 938 8977 EP 939 8978 PG 2 8979 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 8980 GA 973AU 8981 UT ISI:000232496100010 8982 ER 8983 8984 PT J 8985 AU von Bubnoff, A 8986 TI The 1918 flu virus is resurrected (vol 437, pg 794, 2005) 8987 SO NATURE 8988 LA English 8989 DT Correction 8990 NR 1 8991 TC 0 8992 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 8993 PI LONDON 8994 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 8995 SN 0028-0836 8996 J9 NATURE 8997 JI Nature 8998 PD OCT 13 8999 PY 2005 9000 VL 437 9001 IS 7061 9002 BP 940 9003 EP 940 9004 PG 1 9005 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9006 GA 973AU 9007 UT ISI:000232496100011 9008 ER 9009 9010 PT J 9011 AU Frantz, S 9012 TI Playing dirty 9013 SO NATURE 9014 LA English 9015 DT News Item 9016 ID DRUGS 9017 NR 7 9018 TC 0 9019 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9020 PI LONDON 9021 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9022 SN 0028-0836 9023 J9 NATURE 9024 JI Nature 9025 PD OCT 13 9026 PY 2005 9027 VL 437 9028 IS 7061 9029 BP 942 9030 EP 943 9031 PG 2 9032 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9033 GA 973AU 9034 UT ISI:000232496100012 9035 ER 9036 9037 PT J 9038 AU Marris, E 9039 TI The forgotten ecosystem 9040 SO NATURE 9041 LA English 9042 DT News Item 9043 NR 1 9044 TC 0 9045 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9046 PI LONDON 9047 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9048 SN 0028-0836 9049 J9 NATURE 9050 JI Nature 9051 PD OCT 13 9052 PY 2005 9053 VL 437 9054 IS 7061 9055 BP 944 9056 EP 945 9057 PG 2 9058 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9059 GA 973AU 9060 UT ISI:000232496100013 9061 ER 9062 9063 PT J 9064 AU Abbott, A 9065 TI The maestro of minds 9066 SO NATURE 9067 LA English 9068 DT News Item 9069 NR 3 9070 TC 0 9071 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9072 PI LONDON 9073 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9074 SN 0028-0836 9075 J9 NATURE 9076 JI Nature 9077 PD OCT 13 9078 PY 2005 9079 VL 437 9080 IS 7061 9081 BP 946 9082 EP 947 9083 PG 2 9084 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9085 GA 973AU 9086 UT ISI:000232496100014 9087 ER 9088 9089 PT J 9090 AU Gewin, V 9091 TI The technology trap 9092 SO NATURE 9093 LA English 9094 DT News Item 9095 NR 1 9096 TC 0 9097 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9098 PI LONDON 9099 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9100 SN 0028-0836 9101 J9 NATURE 9102 JI Nature 9103 PD OCT 13 9104 PY 2005 9105 VL 437 9106 IS 7061 9107 BP 948 9108 EP 949 9109 PG 2 9110 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9111 GA 973AU 9112 UT ISI:000232496100015 9113 ER 9114 9115 PT J 9116 AU [Anon] 9117 CA Wood Mackenzie 9118 TI Biotechnology stocks 9119 SO NATURE 9120 LA English 9121 DT News Item 9122 NR 1 9123 TC 0 9124 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9125 PI LONDON 9126 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9127 SN 0028-0836 9128 J9 NATURE 9129 JI Nature 9130 PD OCT 13 9131 PY 2005 9132 VL 437 9133 IS 7061 9134 BP 949 9135 EP 949 9136 PG 1 9137 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9138 GA 973AU 9139 UT ISI:000232496100016 9140 ER 9141 9142 PT J 9143 AU Schlaepfer, MA 9144 TI Re-wilding: a bold plan that needs native megafauna 9145 SO NATURE 9146 LA English 9147 DT Letter 9148 C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 9149 RP Schlaepfer, MA, Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 9150 NR 3 9151 TC 0 9152 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9153 PI LONDON 9154 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9155 SN 0028-0836 9156 J9 NATURE 9157 JI Nature 9158 PD OCT 13 9159 PY 2005 9160 VL 437 9161 IS 7061 9162 BP 951 9163 EP 951 9164 PG 1 9165 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9166 GA 973AU 9167 UT ISI:000232496100017 9168 ER 9169 9170 PT J 9171 AU Kutschera, U 9172 TI Evolution was fine, just not in the case of humans 9173 SO NATURE 9174 LA English 9175 DT Letter 9176 C1 Univ Kassel, Inst Biol, D-34109 Kassel, Germany. 9177 RP Kutschera, U, Univ Kassel, Inst Biol, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34109 9178 Kassel, Germany. 9179 NR 3 9180 TC 0 9181 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9182 PI LONDON 9183 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9184 SN 0028-0836 9185 J9 NATURE 9186 JI Nature 9187 PD OCT 13 9188 PY 2005 9189 VL 437 9190 IS 7061 9191 BP 951 9192 EP 951 9193 PG 1 9194 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9195 GA 973AU 9196 UT ISI:000232496100018 9197 ER 9198 9199 PT J 9200 AU Zerhouni, E 9201 TI NIH moved quickly to help researchers after Katrina 9202 SO NATURE 9203 LA English 9204 DT Letter 9205 C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 9206 RP Zerhouni, E, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 9207 NR 1 9208 TC 0 9209 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9210 PI LONDON 9211 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9212 SN 0028-0836 9213 J9 NATURE 9214 JI Nature 9215 PD OCT 13 9216 PY 2005 9217 VL 437 9218 IS 7061 9219 BP 951 9220 EP 951 9221 PG 1 9222 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9223 GA 973AU 9224 UT ISI:000232496100019 9225 ER 9226 9227 PT J 9228 AU Mehrotra, M 9229 TI Indian players in some of IT and biotech's top teams 9230 SO NATURE 9231 LA English 9232 DT Letter 9233 C1 Portola Pharmaceut, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. 9234 RP Mehrotra, M, Portola Pharmaceut, 270 E Grand Ave, San Francisco, CA 9235 94080 USA. 9236 NR 1 9237 TC 0 9238 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9239 PI LONDON 9240 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9241 SN 0028-0836 9242 J9 NATURE 9243 JI Nature 9244 PD OCT 13 9245 PY 2005 9246 VL 437 9247 IS 7061 9248 BP 951 9249 EP 951 9250 PG 1 9251 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9252 GA 973AU 9253 UT ISI:000232496100020 9254 ER 9255 9256 PT J 9257 AU Edwards, AWF 9258 TI System to rank scientists was pedalled by Jeffreys 9259 SO NATURE 9260 LA English 9261 DT Letter 9262 C1 Univ Cambridge Gonville & Caius Coll, Cambridge CB2 1TA, England. 9263 RP Edwards, AWF, Univ Cambridge Gonville & Caius Coll, Cambridge CB2 1TA, 9264 England. 9265 NR 1 9266 TC 0 9267 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9268 PI LONDON 9269 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9270 SN 0028-0836 9271 J9 NATURE 9272 JI Nature 9273 PD OCT 13 9274 PY 2005 9275 VL 437 9276 IS 7061 9277 BP 951 9278 EP 951 9279 PG 1 9280 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9281 GA 973AU 9282 UT ISI:000232496100021 9283 ER 9284 9285 PT J 9286 AU Bluestein, HB 9287 TI Divine wind: The history and science of hurricanes 9288 SO NATURE 9289 LA English 9290 DT Book Review 9291 C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. 9292 RP Bluestein, HB, Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. 9293 NR 2 9294 TC 0 9295 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9296 PI LONDON 9297 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9298 SN 0028-0836 9299 J9 NATURE 9300 JI Nature 9301 PD OCT 13 9302 PY 2005 9303 VL 437 9304 IS 7061 9305 BP 953 9306 EP 954 9307 PG 2 9308 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9309 GA 973AU 9310 UT ISI:000232496100022 9311 ER 9312 9313 PT J 9314 AU Sargent, M 9315 TI The fetal matrix: Evolution, development and disease 9316 SO NATURE 9317 LA English 9318 DT Book Review 9319 C1 Natl Inst Med Res, London NW7 1AA, England. 9320 RP Sargent, M, Natl Inst Med Res, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, England. 9321 NR 1 9322 TC 0 9323 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9324 PI LONDON 9325 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9326 SN 0028-0836 9327 J9 NATURE 9328 JI Nature 9329 PD OCT 13 9330 PY 2005 9331 VL 437 9332 IS 7061 9333 BP 954 9334 EP 954 9335 PG 1 9336 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9337 GA 973AU 9338 UT ISI:000232496100023 9339 ER 9340 9341 PT J 9342 AU Howard, B 9343 TI Wormwood forest: A natural history of Chernobyl 9344 SO NATURE 9345 LA English 9346 DT Book Review 9347 C1 Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. 9348 RP Howard, B, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lib Ave, 9349 Lancaster LA1 4AP, England. 9350 NR 1 9351 TC 0 9352 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9353 PI LONDON 9354 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9355 SN 0028-0836 9356 J9 NATURE 9357 JI Nature 9358 PD OCT 13 9359 PY 2005 9360 VL 437 9361 IS 7061 9362 BP 955 9363 EP 955 9364 PG 1 9365 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9366 GA 973AU 9367 UT ISI:000232496100024 9368 ER 9369 9370 PT J 9371 AU Lieberman, DE 9372 TI Palaeoanthropology - Further fossil finds from flores 9373 SO NATURE 9374 LA English 9375 DT Editorial Material 9376 ID INDONESIA; EVOLUTION; HOMININ; BRAIN; HOMO 9377 C1 Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 9378 RP Lieberman, DE, Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, 11 Divin Ave, Cambridge, 9379 MA 02138 USA. 9380 EM danlieb@fas.harvard.edu 9381 NR 13 9382 TC 0 9383 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9384 PI LONDON 9385 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9386 SN 0028-0836 9387 J9 NATURE 9388 JI Nature 9389 PD OCT 13 9390 PY 2005 9391 VL 437 9392 IS 7061 9393 BP 957 9394 EP 958 9395 PG 2 9396 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9397 GA 973AU 9398 UT ISI:000232496100025 9399 ER 9400 9401 PT J 9402 AU Feldman, PD 9403 TI Planetary science - The impact of deep impact 9404 SO NATURE 9405 LA English 9406 DT Editorial Material 9407 C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. 9408 RP Feldman, PD, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 9409 21218 USA. 9410 EM pdf@pha.jhu.edu 9411 NR 8 9412 TC 0 9413 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9414 PI LONDON 9415 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9416 SN 0028-0836 9417 J9 NATURE 9418 JI Nature 9419 PD OCT 13 9420 PY 2005 9421 VL 437 9422 IS 7061 9423 BP 958 9424 EP 959 9425 PG 2 9426 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9427 GA 973AU 9428 UT ISI:000232496100026 9429 ER 9430 9431 PT J 9432 AU Moore, PD 9433 TI Ecology - Roots of stability 9434 SO NATURE 9435 LA English 9436 DT Editorial Material 9437 ID BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY 9438 C1 Univ London Kings Coll, Dept Biochem, London SE1 9NH, England. 9439 RP Moore, PD, Univ London Kings Coll, Dept Biochem, Franklin Wilkins 9440 Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England. 9441 EM peter.moore@kcl.ac.uk 9442 NR 7 9443 TC 1 9444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9445 PI LONDON 9446 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9447 SN 0028-0836 9448 J9 NATURE 9449 JI Nature 9450 PD OCT 13 9451 PY 2005 9452 VL 437 9453 IS 7061 9454 BP 959 9455 EP + 9456 PG 2 9457 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9458 GA 973AU 9459 UT ISI:000232496100027 9460 ER 9461 9462 PT J 9463 AU Daw, R 9464 TI Materials science - At a stretch 9465 SO NATURE 9466 LA English 9467 DT Editorial Material 9468 NR 1 9469 TC 0 9470 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9471 PI LONDON 9472 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9473 SN 0028-0836 9474 J9 NATURE 9475 JI Nature 9476 PD OCT 13 9477 PY 2005 9478 VL 437 9479 IS 7061 9480 BP 961 9481 EP 961 9482 PG 1 9483 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9484 GA 973AU 9485 UT ISI:000232496100028 9486 ER 9487 9488 PT J 9489 AU Bulsara, AR 9490 TI Device physics - No-nuisance noise 9491 SO NATURE 9492 LA English 9493 DT Editorial Material 9494 ID STOCHASTIC RESONANCE 9495 C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. 9496 RP Bulsara, AR, US Off Naval Res Global, London, England. 9497 EM bulsara@spawar.navy.mil 9498 NR 10 9499 TC 0 9500 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9501 PI LONDON 9502 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9503 SN 0028-0836 9504 J9 NATURE 9505 JI Nature 9506 PD OCT 13 9507 PY 2005 9508 VL 437 9509 IS 7061 9510 BP 962 9511 EP 963 9512 PG 2 9513 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9514 GA 973AU 9515 UT ISI:000232496100029 9516 ER 9517 9518 PT J 9519 AU Kishimoto, T 9520 TI Developmental biology - Cell cycle unleashed 9521 SO NATURE 9522 LA English 9523 DT Editorial Material 9524 ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; CYTOSTATIC FACTOR ARREST; METAPHASE ARREST; 9525 VERTEBRATE EGGS; XENOPUS EGGS; KINASE PLX1; FERTILIZATION; EMI1 9526 C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci, Lab Cell & Dev Biol, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan. 9527 RP Kishimoto, T, Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci, Lab Cell & Dev Biol, 9528 Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan. 9529 EM tkishimo@bio.titech.ac.jp 9530 NR 13 9531 TC 0 9532 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9533 PI LONDON 9534 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9535 SN 0028-0836 9536 J9 NATURE 9537 JI Nature 9538 PD OCT 13 9539 PY 2005 9540 VL 437 9541 IS 7061 9542 BP 963 9543 EP + 9544 PG 2 9545 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9546 GA 973AU 9547 UT ISI:000232496100030 9548 ER 9549 9550 PT J 9551 AU Penuelas, J 9552 TI Plant physiology - A big issue for trees 9553 SO NATURE 9554 LA English 9555 DT Editorial Material 9556 ID LEAF SENESCENCE 9557 C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, CEAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. 9558 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain. 9559 RP Penuelas, J, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, CEAB, Bellaterra 08193, 9560 Catalonia, Spain. 9561 EM josep.penuelas@uab.es 9562 NR 8 9563 TC 0 9564 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9565 PI LONDON 9566 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9567 SN 0028-0836 9568 J9 NATURE 9569 JI Nature 9570 PD OCT 13 9571 PY 2005 9572 VL 437 9573 IS 7061 9574 BP 965 9575 EP 966 9576 PG 2 9577 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9578 GA 973AU 9579 UT ISI:000232496100031 9580 ER 9581 9582 PT J 9583 AU Lu, HY 9584 Yang, XY 9585 Ye, ML 9586 Liu, KB 9587 Xia, ZK 9588 Ren, XY 9589 Cai, LH 9590 Wu, NQ 9591 Liu, TS 9592 TI Millet noodles in Late Neolithic China - A remarkable find allows the 9593 reconstruction of the earliest recorded preparation of noodles. 9594 SO NATURE 9595 LA English 9596 DT Editorial Material 9597 ID PHYTOLITHS; STARCH 9598 C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. 9599 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. 9600 Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Archaeol, Beijing 100710, Peoples R China. 9601 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. 9602 Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. 9603 Qinghai Prov Inst Cultural Rel & Archaeol, Sining 810007, Peoples R China. 9604 RP Lu, HY, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples 9605 R China. 9606 EM houyuanlu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn 9607 NR 12 9608 TC 1 9609 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9610 PI LONDON 9611 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9612 SN 0028-0836 9613 J9 NATURE 9614 JI Nature 9615 PD OCT 13 9616 PY 2005 9617 VL 437 9618 IS 7061 9619 BP 967 9620 EP 968 9621 PG 2 9622 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9623 GA 973AU 9624 UT ISI:000232496100032 9625 ER 9626 9627 PT J 9628 AU Teo, KBK 9629 Minoux, E 9630 Hudanski, L 9631 Peauger, F 9632 Schnell, JP 9633 Gangloff, L 9634 Legagneux, P 9635 Dieumegard, D 9636 Amaratunga, GAJ 9637 Milne, WI 9638 TI Microwave devices - Carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes 9639 SO NATURE 9640 LA English 9641 DT Editorial Material 9642 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. 9643 Thales Res & Technol, F-91767 Palaiseau, France. 9644 Thales Electron Devices, F-78141 Velizy Villacoublay, France. 9645 RP Teo, KBK, Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. 9646 EM wim@eng.cam.ac.uk 9647 NR 3 9648 TC 0 9649 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9650 PI LONDON 9651 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9652 SN 0028-0836 9653 J9 NATURE 9654 JI Nature 9655 PD OCT 13 9656 PY 2005 9657 VL 437 9658 IS 7061 9659 BP 968 9660 EP 968 9661 PG 1 9662 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9663 GA 973AU 9664 UT ISI:000232496100033 9665 ER 9666 9667 PT J 9668 AU Bakun, WH 9669 Aagaard, B 9670 Dost, B 9671 Ellsworth, WL 9672 Hardebeck, JL 9673 Harris, RA 9674 Ji, C 9675 Johnston, MJS 9676 Langbein, J 9677 Lienkaemper, JJ 9678 Michael, AJ 9679 Murray, JR 9680 Nadeau, RM 9681 Reasenberg, PA 9682 Reichle, MS 9683 Roeloffs, EA 9684 Shakal, A 9685 Simpson, RW 9686 Waldhauser, F 9687 TI Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 9688 Parkfield earthquake 9689 SO NATURE 9690 LA English 9691 DT Article 9692 ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; RECURRENCE; SLIP; BEHAVIOR; 9693 RUPTURE; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; SEGMENT; MODELS 9694 AB Obtaining high-quality measurements close to a large earthquake is not 9695 easy: one has to be in the right place at the right time with the right 9696 instruments. Such a convergence happened, for the first time, when the 9697 28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake occurred on the San 9698 Andreas fault in the middle of a dense network of instruments designed 9699 to record it. The resulting data reveal aspects of the earthquake 9700 process never before seen. Here we show what these data, when combined 9701 with data from earlier Parkfield earthquakes, tell us about earthquake 9702 physics and earthquake prediction. The 2004 Parkfield earthquake, with 9703 its lack of obvious precursors, demonstrates that reliable short-term 9704 earthquake prediction still is not achievable. To reduce the societal 9705 impact of earthquakes now, we should focus on developing the next 9706 generation of models that can provide better predictions of the 9707 strength and location of damaging ground shaking. 9708 C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. 9709 Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. 9710 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 9711 Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 9712 Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. 9713 US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. 9714 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. 9715 RP Bakun, WH, US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. 9716 EM bakun@usgs.gov 9717 NR 51 9718 TC 1 9719 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9720 PI LONDON 9721 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9722 SN 0028-0836 9723 J9 NATURE 9724 JI Nature 9725 PD OCT 13 9726 PY 2005 9727 VL 437 9728 IS 7061 9729 BP 969 9730 EP 974 9731 PG 6 9732 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9733 GA 973AU 9734 UT ISI:000232496100034 9735 ER 9736 9737 PT J 9738 AU Mygind, PH 9739 Fischer, RL 9740 Schnorr, KM 9741 Hansen, MT 9742 Sonksen, CP 9743 Ludvigsen, S 9744 Raventos, D 9745 Buskov, S 9746 Christensen, B 9747 De Maria, L 9748 Taboureau, O 9749 Yaver, D 9750 Elvig-Jorgensen, SG 9751 Sorensen, MV 9752 Christensen, BE 9753 Kjaerulff, S 9754 Frimodt-Moller, N 9755 Lehrer, RI 9756 Zasloff, M 9757 Kristensen, HH 9758 TI Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a 9759 saprophytic fungus 9760 SO NATURE 9761 LA English 9762 DT Article 9763 ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; DIRECT 9764 INACTIVATION; DEFENSINS; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; CATHELICIDINS; DIVERGENCE; 9765 PENICILLIN 9766 AB Animals and higher plants express endogenous peptide antibiotics called 9767 defensins. These small cysteine-rich peptides are active against 9768 bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we describe plectasin - the first 9769 defensin to be isolated from a fungus, the saprophytic ascomycete 9770 Pseudoplectania nigrella. Plectasin has primary, secondary and tertiary 9771 structures that closely resemble those of defensins found in spiders, 9772 scorpions, dragonflies and mussels. Recombinant plectasin was produced 9773 at a very high, and commercially viable, yield and purity. In vitro, 9774 the recombinant peptide was especially active against Streptococcus 9775 pneumoniae, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. 9776 Plectasin showed extremely low toxicity in mice, and cured them of 9777 experimental peritonitis and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae as 9778 efficaciously as vancomycin and penicillin. These findings identify 9779 fungi as a novel source of antimicrobial defensins, and show the 9780 therapeutic potential of plectasin. They also suggest that the 9781 defensins of insects, molluscs and fungi arose from a common ancestral 9782 gene. 9783 C1 Novozymes AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. 9784 Statens Serum Inst, Natl Ctr Antimicrobials & Infect Control, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. 9785 Novo Nordisk AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. 9786 Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 9787 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 9788 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20007 USA. 9789 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. 9790 RP Kristensen, HH, Novozymes AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. 9791 EM hahk@novozymes.com 9792 NR 46 9793 TC 1 9794 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9795 PI LONDON 9796 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9797 SN 0028-0836 9798 J9 NATURE 9799 JI Nature 9800 PD OCT 13 9801 PY 2005 9802 VL 437 9803 IS 7061 9804 BP 975 9805 EP 980 9806 PG 6 9807 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9808 GA 973AU 9809 UT ISI:000232496100035 9810 ER 9811 9812 PT J 9813 AU Hu, RG 9814 Sheng, J 9815 Qi, X 9816 Xu, ZM 9817 Takahashi, TT 9818 Varshavsky, A 9819 TI The N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the levels 9820 of multiple regulators 9821 SO NATURE 9822 LA English 9823 DT Article 9824 ID RNA-PROTEIN TRANSFERASE; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; MICE LACKING; 9825 S-NITROSYLATION; DEGRADATION; RGS4; APOPTOSIS; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION; 9826 COMPONENT 9827 AB The conjugation of arginine to proteins is a part of the N- end rule 9828 pathway of protein degradation. Three amino (N)-terminal residues - 9829 aspartate, glutamate and cysteine - are arginylated by ATE1-encoded 9830 arginyl-transferases. Here we report that oxidation of N- terminal 9831 cysteine is essential for its arginylation. The in vivo oxidation of N- 9832 terminal cysteine, before its arginylation, is shown to require nitric 9833 oxide. We reconstituted this process in vitro as well. The levels of 9834 regulatory proteins bearing N- terminal cysteine, such as RGS4, RGS5 9835 and RGS16, are greatly increased in mouse ATE1(-/-) embryos, which lack 9836 arginylation. Stabilization of these proteins, the first physiological 9837 substrates of mammalian N- end rule pathway, may underlie 9838 cardiovascular defects in ATE1(-/-) embryos. Our findings identify the 9839 N- end rule pathway as a new nitric oxide sensor that functions through 9840 its ability to destroy specific regulatory proteins bearing N- terminal 9841 cysteine, at rates controlled by nitric oxide and apparently by oxygen 9842 as well. 9843 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 9844 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 9845 RP Varshavsky, A, CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 9846 EM avarsh@caltech.edu 9847 NR 43 9848 TC 0 9849 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9850 PI LONDON 9851 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9852 SN 0028-0836 9853 J9 NATURE 9854 JI Nature 9855 PD OCT 13 9856 PY 2005 9857 VL 437 9858 IS 7061 9859 BP 981 9860 EP 986 9861 PG 6 9862 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9863 GA 973AU 9864 UT ISI:000232496100036 9865 ER 9866 9867 PT J 9868 AU Kuppers, M 9869 Bertini, I 9870 Fornasier, S 9871 Gutierrez, PJ 9872 Hviid, SF 9873 Jorda, L 9874 Keller, HU 9875 Knollenberg, J 9876 Koschny, D 9877 Kramm, R 9878 Lara, LM 9879 Sierks, H 9880 Thomas, N 9881 Barbieri, C 9882 Lamy, P 9883 Rickman, H 9884 Rodrigo, R 9885 CA OSIRIS Team 9886 TI A large dust/ice ratio in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1 9887 SO NATURE 9888 LA English 9889 DT Article 9890 ID DEEP IMPACT; SIZE; EJECTA; OH 9891 AB Comets spend most of their life in a low-temperature environment far 9892 from the Sun. They are therefore relatively unprocessed and maintain 9893 information about the formation conditions of the planetary system, but 9894 the structure and composition of their nuclei are poorly understood. 9895 Although in situ(1) and remote(2) measurements have derived the global 9896 properties of some cometary nuclei, little is known about their 9897 interiors. The Deep Impact mission(3) shot a projectile into comet 9P/ 9898 Tempel 1 in order to investigate its interior. Here we report the water 9899 vapour content (1.5 x 10(32) water molecules or 4.5 x 10(6) kg) and the 9900 cross-section of the dust (330 km(2) assuming an albedo of 0.1) created 9901 by the impact. The corresponding dust/ice mass ratio is probably larger 9902 than one, suggesting that comets are 'icy dirtballs' rather than 'dirty 9903 snowballs' as commonly believed(4). High dust velocities ( between 110 9904 m s(-1) and 300 m s(-1)) imply acceleration in the comet's coma, 9905 probably by water molecules sublimated by solar radiation. We did not 9906 find evidence of enhanced activity of 9P/ Tempel 1 in the days after 9907 the impact, suggesting that in general impacts of meteoroids are not 9908 the cause of cometary outbursts. 9909 C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. 9910 Univ Padua, Dept Astron, I-35100 Padua, Italy. 9911 Univ Padua, CISAS, I-35100 Padua, Italy. 9912 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. 9913 Traverse Siphon, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France. 9914 DLR Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. 9915 European Space Agcy, ESTEC, SCI SB, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. 9916 Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Abt Weltraumforsch & Planetol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. 9917 Astron Observ, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. 9918 RP Kuppers, M, Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Max Planck Str 2, 9919 D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. 9920 EM kueppers@mps.mpg.de 9921 NR 22 9922 TC 1 9923 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9924 PI LONDON 9925 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9926 SN 0028-0836 9927 J9 NATURE 9928 JI Nature 9929 PD OCT 13 9930 PY 2005 9931 VL 437 9932 IS 7061 9933 BP 987 9934 EP 990 9935 PG 4 9936 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9937 GA 973AU 9938 UT ISI:000232496100037 9939 ER 9940 9941 PT J 9942 AU Tanaka, KL 9943 TI Geology and insolation-driven climatic history of Amazonian north polar 9944 materials on Mars 9945 SO NATURE 9946 LA English 9947 DT Article 9948 ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; GROUND ICE; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; ORIGIN 9949 AB Mariner 9 and Viking spacecraft images revealed that the polar regions 9950 of Mars, like those of Earth, record the planet's climate history. 9951 However, fundamental uncertainties regarding the materials, features, 9952 ages and processes constituting the geologic record remained(1-6). 9953 Recently acquired Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data(7) and Mars Orbiter 9954 Camera high-resolution images(8) from the Mars Global Surveyor 9955 spacecraft and moderately high-resolution Thermal Emission Imaging 9956 System visible images(9) from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft permit more 9957 comprehensive geologic and climatic analyses(10-17). Here I map and 9958 show the history of geologic materials and features in the north polar 9959 region that span the Amazonian period (similar to 3.0 Gyr ago to 9960 present) (18,19). Erosion and redeposition of putative circumpolar mud 9961 volcano deposits(15) ( formed by eruption of liquefied, fine-grained 9962 material) led to the formation of an Early Amazonian polar plateau 9963 consisting of dark layered materials. Crater ejecta superposed on 9964 pedestals indicate that a thin mantle was present during most of the 9965 Amazonian, suggesting generally higher obliquity and insolation 9966 conditions at the poles than at present. Brighter polar layered 9967 deposits rest unconformably on the dark layers and formed mainly during 9968 lower obliquity over the past 4 - 5Myr (ref. 20). Finally, the 9969 uppermost layers post-date the latest downtrend in obliquity < 20,000 9970 years ago(20). 9971 C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. 9972 RP Tanaka, KL, US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr, 9973 Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. 9974 EM ktanaka@usgs.gov 9975 NR 27 9976 TC 0 9977 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 9978 PI LONDON 9979 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 9980 SN 0028-0836 9981 J9 NATURE 9982 JI Nature 9983 PD OCT 13 9984 PY 2005 9985 VL 437 9986 IS 7061 9987 BP 991 9988 EP 994 9989 PG 4 9990 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 9991 GA 973AU 9992 UT ISI:000232496100038 9993 ER 9994 9995 PT J 9996 AU Badzey, RL 9997 Mohanty, P 9998 TI Coherent signal amplification in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by 9999 stochastic resonance 10000 SO NATURE 10001 LA English 10002 DT Article 10003 ID SYSTEM; NOISE 10004 AB Stochastic resonance(1,2) is a counterintuitive concept: the addition 10005 of noise to a noisy system induces coherent amplification of its 10006 response. First suggested as a mechanism for the cyclic recurrence of 10007 ice ages, stochastic resonance has been seen in a wide variety of 10008 macroscopic physical systems: bistable ring lasers(3), superconducting 10009 quantum interference devices(4,5) (SQUIDs), magnetoelastic ribbons(6) 10010 and neurophysiological systems such as the receptors in crickets(7) and 10011 crayfish(8). Although fundamentally important as a mechanism of 10012 coherent signal amplification, stochastic resonance has yet to be 10013 observed in nanoscale systems. Here we report the observation of 10014 stochastic resonance in bistable nanomechanical silicon oscillators. 10015 Our nanomechanical systems consist of beams that are clamped at each 10016 end and driven into transverse oscillation with the use of a 10017 radiofrequency source. Modulation of the source induces controllable 10018 switching of the beams between two stable, distinct states. We observe 10019 that the addition of white noise causes a marked amplification of the 10020 signal strength. Stochastic resonance in nanomechanical systems could 10021 have a function in the realization of controllable high-speed 10022 nanomechanical memory cells, and paves the way for exploring 10023 macroscopic quantum coherence and tunnelling. 10024 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 10025 RP Mohanty, P, Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 10026 02215 USA. 10027 EM mohanty@physics.bu.edu 10028 NR 23 10029 TC 1 10030 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10031 PI LONDON 10032 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10033 SN 0028-0836 10034 J9 NATURE 10035 JI Nature 10036 PD OCT 13 10037 PY 2005 10038 VL 437 10039 IS 7061 10040 BP 995 10041 EP 998 10042 PG 4 10043 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10044 GA 973AU 10045 UT ISI:000232496100039 10046 ER 10047 10048 PT J 10049 AU Elvin, CM 10050 Carr, AG 10051 Huson, MG 10052 Maxwell, JM 10053 Pearson, RD 10054 Vuocolo, T 10055 Liyou, NE 10056 Wong, DCC 10057 Merritt, DJ 10058 Dixon, NE 10059 TI Synthesis and properties of crosslinked recombinant pro-resilin 10060 SO NATURE 10061 LA English 10062 DT Article 10063 ID ELASTIC PROTEINS; SOUND PRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; LINKING; TIMBAL 10064 AB Resilin is a member of a family of elastic proteins that includes 10065 elastin, as well as gluten, gliadin, abductin and spider silks. Resilin 10066 is found in specialized regions of the cuticle of most insects, 10067 providing low stiffness, high strain and efficient energy storage(1,2); 10068 it is best known for its roles in insect flight(3,4) and the remarkable 10069 jumping ability of fleas(5,6) and spittle bugs(7). Previously, the 10070 Drosophila melanogaster CG15920 gene was tentatively identified as one 10071 encoding a resilin-like protein(8,9) (pro-resilin). Here we report the 10072 cloning and expression of the first exon of the Drosophila CG15920 gene 10073 as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli. We show that this recombinant 10074 protein can be cast into a rubber-like biomaterial by rapid 10075 photochemical crosslinking. This observation validates the role of the 10076 putative elastic repeat motif in resilin function. The resilience ( 10077 recovery after deformation) of crosslinked recombinant resilin was 10078 found to exceed that of unfilled synthetic polybutadiene, a high 10079 resilience rubber. We believe that our work will greatly facilitate 10080 structural investigations into the functional properties of resilin and 10081 shed light on more general aspects of the structure of elastomeric 10082 proteins. In addition, the ability to rapidly cast samples of this 10083 biomaterial may enable its use in situ for both industrial and 10084 biomedical applications. 10085 C1 CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. 10086 CSIRO Text & Fibre Technol, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. 10087 Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. 10088 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 10089 RP Elvin, CM, CSIRO Livestock Ind, Queensland Biosci Precinct, St Lucia, 10090 Qld 4072, Australia. 10091 EM chris.elvin@csiro.au 10092 NR 30 10093 TC 1 10094 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10095 PI LONDON 10096 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10097 SN 0028-0836 10098 J9 NATURE 10099 JI Nature 10100 PD OCT 13 10101 PY 2005 10102 VL 437 10103 IS 7061 10104 BP 999 10105 EP 1002 10106 PG 4 10107 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10108 GA 973AU 10109 UT ISI:000232496100040 10110 ER 10111 10112 PT J 10113 AU Schefuss, E 10114 Schouten, S 10115 Schneider, RR 10116 TI Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 10117 years 10118 SO NATURE 10119 LA English 10120 DT Article 10121 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; 10122 SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; CALIBRATION; ISOTOPES; TROPICS; 10123 PRECIPITATION; TERRESTRIAL 10124 AB Past hydrological changes in Africa have been linked to various 10125 climatic processes, depending on region and timescale. Long-term 10126 precipitation changes in the regions of northern and southern Africa 10127 influenced by the monsoons are thought to have been governed by 10128 precessional variations in summer insolation(1,2). Conversely, 10129 short-term precipitation changes in the northern African tropics have 10130 been linked to North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies, 10131 affecting the northward extension of the Intertropical Convergence Zone 10132 and its associated rainbelt(3,4). Our knowledge of large-scale 10133 hydrological changes in equatorial Africa and their forcing factors is, 10134 however, limited(5). Here we analyse the isotopic composition of 10135 terrigenous plant lipids, extracted from a marine sediment core close 10136 to the Congo River mouth, in order to reconstruct past central African 10137 rainfall variations and compare this record to sea surface temperature 10138 changes in the South Atlantic Ocean. We find that central African 10139 precipitation during the past 20,000 years was mainly controlled by the 10140 difference in sea surface temperatures between the tropics and 10141 subtropics of the South Atlantic Ocean, whereas we find no evidence 10142 that changes in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone had 10143 a significant influence on the overall moisture availability in central 10144 Africa. We conclude that changes in ocean circulation, and hence sea 10145 surface temperature patterns, were important in modulating atmospheric 10146 moisture transport onto the central African continent. 10147 C1 Univ Bremen, DFG Res Ctr Ocean Margins, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. 10148 Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. 10149 Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. 10150 RP Schefuss, E, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods 10151 Hole, MA 02543 USA. 10152 EM eschefuss@whoi.edu 10153 NR 30 10154 TC 0 10155 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10156 PI LONDON 10157 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10158 SN 0028-0836 10159 J9 NATURE 10160 JI Nature 10161 PD OCT 13 10162 PY 2005 10163 VL 437 10164 IS 7061 10165 BP 1003 10166 EP 1006 10167 PG 4 10168 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10169 GA 973AU 10170 UT ISI:000232496100041 10171 ER 10172 10173 PT J 10174 AU Makovicky, PJ 10175 Apesteguia, S 10176 Agnolin, FL 10177 TI The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America 10178 SO NATURE 10179 LA English 10180 DT Article 10181 ID PATAGONIA; DINOSAUR; BIRDS; CHINA 10182 AB The evolutionary history of Maniraptora, the clade of carnivorous 10183 dinosaurs that includes birds and the sickle-clawed Dromaeosauridae, 10184 has hitherto been largely restricted to Late Jurassic and Cretaceous 10185 deposits on northern continents. The stunning Early Cretaceous 10186 diversity of maniraptorans from Liaoning, China(1-3), coupled with a 10187 longevity implied by derived Late Jurassic forms such as Archaeopteryx, 10188 pushes the origins of maniraptoran lineages back to Pangaean times and 10189 engenders the possibility that such lineages existed in Gondwana. A few 10190 intriguing, but incomplete, maniraptoran specimens have been reported 10191 from South America(4-8), Africa(9) and Madagascar(10). Their affinities 10192 remain contested(11-13), however, and they have been interpreted as 10193 biogeographic anomalies relative to other faunal components of these 10194 land-masses. Here we describe a near-complete, small dromaeosaurid that 10195 is both the most complete and the earliest member of the Maniraptora 10196 from South America, and which provides new evidence for a unique 10197 Gondwanan lineage of Dromaeosauridae with an origin predating the 10198 separation between northern and southern landmasses. 10199 C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. 10200 Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Secc Paleontol Vertebrados, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 10201 Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Lab Anat Comparada, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 10202 Univ Maimonides, CAECNA, Fdn Hist Nat Felix de Azara, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. 10203 RP Makovicky, PJ, Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, 10204 Chicago, IL 60605 USA. 10205 EM paleoninja@yahoo.com.ar 10206 NR 30 10207 TC 0 10208 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10209 PI LONDON 10210 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10211 SN 0028-0836 10212 J9 NATURE 10213 JI Nature 10214 PD OCT 13 10215 PY 2005 10216 VL 437 10217 IS 7061 10218 BP 1007 10219 EP 1011 10220 PG 5 10221 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10222 GA 973AU 10223 UT ISI:000232496100042 10224 ER 10225 10226 PT J 10227 AU Morwood, MJ 10228 Brown, P 10229 Jatmiko 10230 Sutikna, T 10231 Saptomo, EW 10232 Westaway, KE 10233 Due, RA 10234 Roberts, RG 10235 Maeda, T 10236 Wasisto, S 10237 Djubiantono, T 10238 TI Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of 10239 Flores, Indonesia 10240 SO NATURE 10241 LA English 10242 DT Article 10243 ID DENTAL MORPHOLOGY; HADAR FORMATION; AL 288-1; BRAIN; HOMO; ETHIOPIA; 10244 SKELETON; STATURE; DMANISI; GEORGIA 10245 AB Homo floresiensis was recovered from Late Pleistocene deposits on the 10246 island of Flores in eastern Indonesia, but has the stature, limb 10247 proportions and endocranial volume of African Pliocene 10248 Australopithecus(1). The holotype of the species (LB1), excavated in 10249 2003 from Liang Bua, consisted of a partial skeleton minus the arms. 10250 Here we describe additional H. floresiensis remains excavated from the 10251 cave in 2004. These include armbones belonging to the holotype 10252 skeleton, a second adult mandible, and postcranial material from other 10253 individuals. We can now reconstruct the body proportions of H. 10254 floresiensis with some certainty. The finds further demonstrate that 10255 LB1 is not just an aberrant or pathological individual, but is 10256 representative of a long-term population that was present during the 10257 interval 95 - 74 to 12 thousand years ago. The excavation also yielded 10258 more evidence for the depositional history of the cave and for the 10259 behavioural capabilities of H. floresiensis, including the butchery of 10260 Stegodon and use of fire. 10261 C1 Univ New England, Sch Human & Environm Studies, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. 10262 Indonesian Ctr Archaeol, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia. 10263 Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. 10264 RP Morwood, MJ, Univ New England, Sch Human & Environm Studies, Armidale, 10265 NSW 2351, Australia. 10266 EM mmorwood@pobox.une.edu.au 10267 pbrown3@pobox.une.edu.au 10268 NR 29 10269 TC 1 10270 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10271 PI LONDON 10272 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10273 SN 0028-0836 10274 J9 NATURE 10275 JI Nature 10276 PD OCT 13 10277 PY 2005 10278 VL 437 10279 IS 7061 10280 BP 1012 10281 EP 1017 10282 PG 6 10283 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10284 GA 973AU 10285 UT ISI:000232496100043 10286 ER 10287 10288 PT J 10289 AU Corbit, KC 10290 Aanstad, P 10291 Singla, V 10292 Norman, AR 10293 Stainier, DYR 10294 Reiter, JF 10295 TI Vertebrate Smoothened functions at the primary cilium 10296 SO NATURE 10297 LA English 10298 DT Article 10299 ID HEDGEHOG SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTRAFLAGELLAR TRANSPORT PROTEINS; 10300 OLFACTORY CILIA; NEURONAL CILIA; LOCALIZATION; DROSOPHILA; 10301 BETA-ARRESTIN-2; CYCLOPAMINE; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS 10302 AB The unanticipated involvement of several intraflagellar transport 10303 proteins in the mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has hinted at a 10304 functional connection between cilia and Hh signal transduction(1,2). 10305 Here we show that mammalian Smoothened (Smo), a seven-transmembrane 10306 protein essential for Hh signalling(3), is expressed on the primary 10307 cilium. This ciliary expression is regulated by Hh pathway activity; 10308 Sonic hedgehog or activating mutations in Smo promote ciliary 10309 localization, whereas the Smo antagonist cyclopamine inhibits ciliary 10310 localization. The translocation of Smo to primary cilia depends upon a 10311 conserved hydrophobic and basic residue sequence homologous to a domain 10312 previously shown to be required for the ciliary localization of 10313 seven-transmembrane proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans(4). Mutation of 10314 this domain not only prevents ciliary localization but also eliminates 10315 Smo activity both in cultured cells and in zebrafish embryos. Thus, 10316 Hh-dependent translocation to cilia is essential for Smo activity, 10317 suggesting that Smo acts at the primary cilium. 10318 C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dev & Stem Cell Biol Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 10319 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 10320 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 10321 RP Reiter, JF, Univ Calif San Francisco, Dev & Stem Cell Biol Program, San 10322 Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 10323 EM jreiter@diabetes.ucsf.edu 10324 NR 29 10325 TC 0 10326 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10327 PI LONDON 10328 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10329 SN 0028-0836 10330 J9 NATURE 10331 JI Nature 10332 PD OCT 13 10333 PY 2005 10334 VL 437 10335 IS 7061 10336 BP 1018 10337 EP 1021 10338 PG 4 10339 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10340 GA 973AU 10341 UT ISI:000232496100044 10342 ER 10343 10344 PT J 10345 AU Grigg, SP 10346 Canales, C 10347 Hay, A 10348 Tsiantis, M 10349 TI SERRATE coordinates shoot meristem function and leaf axial patterning 10350 in Arabidopsis 10351 SO NATURE 10352 LA English 10353 DT Article 10354 ID CLASS IIIHD-ZIP; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; GENE; ORGANOGENESIS; 10355 PHABULOSA; THALIANA; PROTEINS; POLARITY; GENOME; MEMBER 10356 AB Leaves of flowering plants are determinate organs produced by 10357 pluripotent structures termed shoot apical meristems. Once specified, 10358 leaves differentiate an adaxial ( upper) side specialized for light 10359 capture, and an abaxial ( lower) side specialized for gas exchange. A 10360 functional relationship between meristem activity and the 10361 differentiation of adaxial leaf fate has been recognized for over fifty 10362 years, but the molecular basis of this interaction is unclear. In 10363 Arabidopsis thaliana, activity of the class I KNOX (KNOTTED1-like 10364 homeobox) genes SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and BREVIPEDICELLUS ( BP) is 10365 required for meristem function but excluded from leaves(1-3), whereas 10366 members of the HD-Zip III ( class III homeodomain leucine zipper) 10367 protein family function to promote both meristem activity and adaxial 10368 leaf fate(4-6). Here we show that the zinc-finger protein SERRATE acts 10369 in a microRNA ( miRNA) gene-silencing pathway to regulate expression of 10370 the HD-Zip III gene PHABULOSA (PHB) while also limiting the competence 10371 of shoot tissue to respond to KNOX expression. Thus, SERRATE acts to 10372 coordinately regulate meristem activity and leaf axial patterning. 10373 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. 10374 RP Tsiantis, M, Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RB, 10375 England. 10376 EM miltos.tsiantis@plants.ox.ac.uk 10377 NR 22 10378 TC 0 10379 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10380 PI LONDON 10381 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10382 SN 0028-0836 10383 J9 NATURE 10384 JI Nature 10385 PD OCT 13 10386 PY 2005 10387 VL 437 10388 IS 7061 10389 BP 1022 10390 EP 1026 10391 PG 5 10392 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10393 GA 973AU 10394 UT ISI:000232496100045 10395 ER 10396 10397 PT J 10398 AU Liu, QS 10399 Pu, L 10400 Poo, MM 10401 TI Repeated cocaine exposure in vivo facilitates LTP induction in midbrain 10402 dopamine neurons 10403 SO NATURE 10404 LA English 10405 DT Article 10406 ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GAMMA-VINYL GABA; 10407 FEEDFORWARD INHIBITION; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; VISUAL-CORTEX; ADDICTION; 10408 RAT; DRUGS; ABUSE 10409 AB Drugs of abuse are known to cause persistent modification of neural 10410 circuits, leading to addictive behaviours(1-5). Changes in synaptic 10411 plasticity in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) may 10412 contribute to circuit modification induced by many drugs of abuse, 10413 including cocaine(6-13). Here we report that, following repeated 10414 exposure to cocaine in vivo, excitatory synapses to rat VTA dopamine 10415 neurons become highly susceptible to the induction of long-term 10416 potentiation (LTP) by correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity. This 10417 facilitated LTP induction is caused by cocaine-induced reduction of 10418 GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor- mediated inhibition of 10419 these dopamine neurons. In midbrain slices from rats treated with 10420 saline or a single dose of cocaine, LTP could not be induced in VTA 10421 dopamine neurons unless GABA-mediated inhibition was reduced by 10422 bicuculline or picrotoxin. However, LTP became readily inducible in 10423 slices from rats treated repeatedly with cocaine; this LTP induction 10424 was prevented by enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition using diazepam. 10425 Furthermore, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the amplitude of 10426 GABA-mediated synaptic currents and increased the probability of spike 10427 initiation in VTA dopamine neurons. This cocaine-induced enhancement of 10428 synaptic plasticity in the VTA may be important for the formation of 10429 drug-associated memory. 10430 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Neurobiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 10431 RP Poo, MM, Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Dept Mol & 10432 Cell Biol, Div Neurobiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 10433 EM qsliu@berkeley.edu 10434 mpoo@berkeley.edu 10435 NR 30 10436 TC 0 10437 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10438 PI LONDON 10439 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10440 SN 0028-0836 10441 J9 NATURE 10442 JI Nature 10443 PD OCT 13 10444 PY 2005 10445 VL 437 10446 IS 7061 10447 BP 1027 10448 EP 1031 10449 PG 5 10450 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10451 GA 973AU 10452 UT ISI:000232496100046 10453 ER 10454 10455 PT J 10456 AU Calvano, SE 10457 Xiao, WZ 10458 Richards, DR 10459 Felciano, RM 10460 Baker, HV 10461 Cho, RJ 10462 Chen, RO 10463 Brownstein, BH 10464 Cobb, JP 10465 Tschoeke, SK 10466 Miller-Graziano, C 10467 Moldawer, LL 10468 Mindrinos, MN 10469 Davis, RW 10470 Tompkins, RG 10471 Lowry, SF 10472 CA Inflammation Host Response Injury 10473 TI A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans 10474 SO NATURE 10475 LA English 10476 DT Article 10477 ID MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION; 10478 ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE; CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; DYSFUNCTION; 10479 MICROARRAYS; PREDICTION; MECHANISM 10480 AB Oligonucleotide and complementary DNA microarrays are being used to 10481 subclassify histologically similar tumours, monitor disease progress, 10482 and individualize treatment regimens(1-5). However, extracting new 10483 biological insight from high-throughput genomic studies of human 10484 diseases is a challenge, limited by difficulties in recognizing and 10485 evaluating relevant biological processes from huge quantities of 10486 experimental data. Here we present a structured network knowledge-base 10487 approach to analyse genome-wide transcriptional responses in the 10488 context of known functional interrelationships among proteins, small 10489 molecules and phenotypes. This approach was used to analyse changes in 10490 blood leukocyte gene expression patterns in human subjects receiving an 10491 inflammatory stimulus ( bacterial endotoxin). We explore the known 10492 genome-wide interaction network to identify significant functional 10493 modules perturbed in response to this stimulus. Our analysis reveals 10494 that the human blood leukocyte response to acute systemic inflammation 10495 includes the transient dysregulation of leukocyte bioenergetics and 10496 modulation of translational machinery. These findings provide insight 10497 into the regulation of global leukocyte activities as they relate to 10498 innate immune system tolerance and increased susceptibility to 10499 infection in humans. 10500 C1 Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. 10501 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Surg, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. 10502 Ingenuity Syst Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. 10503 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 10504 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 10505 Washington Univ, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 10506 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. 10507 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. 10508 RP Davis, RW, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. 10509 EM dbowe@stanford.edu 10510 NR 24 10511 TC 0 10512 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10513 PI LONDON 10514 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10515 SN 0028-0836 10516 J9 NATURE 10517 JI Nature 10518 PD OCT 13 10519 PY 2005 10520 VL 437 10521 IS 7061 10522 BP 1032 10523 EP 1037 10524 PG 6 10525 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10526 GA 973AU 10527 UT ISI:000232496100047 10528 ER 10529 10530 PT J 10531 AU Shi, QH 10532 King, RW 10533 TI Chromosome nondisjunction yields tetraploid rather than aneuploid cells 10534 in human cell lines 10535 SO NATURE 10536 LA English 10537 DT Article 10538 ID MITOTIC CHECKPOINT; CYCLE PROGRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INSTABILITY; 10539 CANCER; CYTOKINESIS; MECHANISM; DIFFERENTIATION; INACTIVATION; 10540 SEGREGATION 10541 AB Although mutations in cell cycle regulators or spindle proteins can 10542 perturb chromosome segregation(1-7), the causes and consequences of 10543 spontaneous mitotic chromosome nondisjunction in human cells are not 10544 well understood. It has been assumed that nondisjunction of a 10545 chromosome during mitosis will yield two aneuploid daughter cells. Here 10546 we show that chromosome nondisjunction is tightly coupled to regulation 10547 of cytokinesis in human cell lines, such that nondisjunction results in 10548 the formation of tetraploid rather than aneuploid cells. We observed 10549 that spontaneously arising binucleated cells exhibited chromosome 10550 mis-segregation rates up to 166-fold higher than the overall mitotic 10551 population. Long-term imaging experiments indicated that most 10552 binucleated cells arose through a bipolar mitosis followed by 10553 regression of the cleavage furrow hours later. Nondisjunction occurred 10554 with high frequency in cells that became binucleated by furrow 10555 regression, but not in cells that completed cytokinesis to form two 10556 mononucleated cells. Our findings indicate that nondisjunction does not 10557 directly yield aneuploid cells, but rather tetraploid cells that may 10558 subsequently become aneuploid through further division. The coupling of 10559 spontaneous segregation errors to furrow regression provides a 10560 potential explanation for the prevalence of hyperdiploid chromosome 10561 number and centrosome amplification observed in many cancers(8,9). 10562 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10563 RP King, RW, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, 240 Longwood Ave, 10564 Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10565 EM randy_king@hms.harvard.edu 10566 NR 30 10567 TC 1 10568 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10569 PI LONDON 10570 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10571 SN 0028-0836 10572 J9 NATURE 10573 JI Nature 10574 PD OCT 13 10575 PY 2005 10576 VL 437 10577 IS 7061 10578 BP 1038 10579 EP 1042 10580 PG 5 10581 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10582 GA 973AU 10583 UT ISI:000232496100048 10584 ER 10585 10586 PT J 10587 AU Fujiwara, T 10588 Bandi, M 10589 Nitta, M 10590 Ivanova, EV 10591 Bronson, RT 10592 Pellman, D 10593 TI Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in 10594 p53-null cells 10595 SO NATURE 10596 LA English 10597 DT Article 10598 ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY; TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION; CANCER 10599 PROGRESSION; GENOME INSTABILITY; P53; MODEL; TRANSLOCATIONS; 10600 SEGREGATION; SUPPRESSOR 10601 AB A long-standing hypothesis on tumorigenesis is that cell division 10602 failure, generating genetically unstable tetraploid cells, facilitates 10603 the development of aneuploid malignancies(1-3). Here we test this idea 10604 by transiently blocking cytokinesis in p53-null (p53(-/-)) mouse 10605 mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), enabling the isolation of diploid and 10606 tetraploid cultures. The tetraploid cells had an increase in the 10607 frequency of whole-chromosome mis-segregation and chromosomal 10608 rearrangements. Only the tetraploid cells were transformed in vitro 10609 after exposure to a carcinogen. Furthermore, in the absence of 10610 carcinogen, only the tetraploid cells gave rise to malignant mammary 10611 epithelial cancers when transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. 10612 These tumours all contained numerous non-reciprocal translocations and 10613 an 8-30-fold amplification of a chromosomal region containing a cluster 10614 of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. MMP overexpression is linked 10615 to mammary tumours in humans and animal models(4). Thus, tetraploidy 10616 enhances the frequency of chromosomal alterations and promotes tumour 10617 development in p53(-/-) MMECs. 10618 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10619 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10620 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10621 Tufts Univ, Sch Vet, Dept Biomed Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. 10622 RP Pellman, D, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat 10623 Oncol, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 10624 EM david_pellman@dfci.harvard.edu 10625 NR 30 10626 TC 1 10627 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10628 PI LONDON 10629 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10630 SN 0028-0836 10631 J9 NATURE 10632 JI Nature 10633 PD OCT 13 10634 PY 2005 10635 VL 437 10636 IS 7061 10637 BP 1043 10638 EP 1047 10639 PG 5 10640 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10641 GA 973AU 10642 UT ISI:000232496100049 10643 ER 10644 10645 PT J 10646 AU Rauh, NR 10647 Schmidt, A 10648 Bormann, J 10649 Nigg, EA 10650 Mayer, TU 10651 TI Calcium triggers exit from meiosis II by targeting the APC/C inhibitor 10652 XErp1 for degradation 10653 SO NATURE 10654 LA English 10655 DT Article 10656 ID CYTOSTATIC FACTOR ARREST; XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS; PROTEIN KINASE-II; 10657 METAPHASE; DESTRUCTION; UBIQUITIN; ANAPHASE; COMPLEX; FERTILIZATION; 10658 BINDING 10659 AB Vertebrate eggs awaiting fertilization are arrested at metaphase of 10660 meiosis II by a biochemical activity termed cytostatic factor 10661 (CSF)(1,2). This activity inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/ 10662 cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that triggers anaphase onset and 10663 mitotic/meiotic exit by targeting securin and M-phase cyclins for 10664 destruction(3,4,5). On fertilization a transient rise in free 10665 intracellular calcium(6) causes release from CSF arrest and thus APC/C 10666 activation. Although it has previously been shown that calcium induces 10667 the release of APC/C from CSF inhibition through calmodulin-dependent 10668 protein kinase II ( CaMKII)(7,8), the relevant substrates of this 10669 kinase have not been identified. Recently, we characterized XErp1 10670 (Emi2), an inhibitor of the APC/C and key component of CSF activity in 10671 Xenopus egg extract(9). Here we show that calcium-activated CaMKII 10672 triggers exit from meiosis II by sensitizing the APC/C inhibitor XErp1 10673 for polo-like kinase 1 (Plx1)-dependent degradation. Phosphorylation of 10674 XErp1 by CaMKII leads to the recruitment of Plx1 that in turn triggers 10675 the destruction of XErp1 by phosphorylating a site known to serve as a 10676 phosphorylation-dependent degradation signal. These results provide a 10677 molecular explanation for how the fertilization-induced calcium 10678 increase triggers exit from meiosis II. 10679 C1 Max Planck Inst Biochem, Independent Res Grp, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. 10680 Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Cell Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. 10681 RP Mayer, TU, Max Planck Inst Biochem, Independent Res Grp, Klopferspitz 10682 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. 10683 EM mayer@biochem.mpg.de 10684 NR 22 10685 TC 1 10686 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10687 PI LONDON 10688 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10689 SN 0028-0836 10690 J9 NATURE 10691 JI Nature 10692 PD OCT 13 10693 PY 2005 10694 VL 437 10695 IS 7061 10696 BP 1048 10697 EP 1052 10698 PG 5 10699 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10700 GA 973AU 10701 UT ISI:000232496100050 10702 ER 10703 10704 PT J 10705 AU Religa, TL 10706 Markson, JS 10707 Mayor, U 10708 Freund, SMV 10709 Fersht, AR 10710 TI Solution structure of a protein denatured state and folding intermediate 10711 SO NATURE 10712 LA English 10713 DT Article 10714 ID LONG-RANGE STRUCTURE; PARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE; 10715 ENGRAILED HOMEODOMAIN; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; SH3 DOMAIN; NMR; PATHWAY 10716 AB The most controversial area in protein folding concerns its earliest 10717 stages. Questions such as whether there are genuine folding 10718 intermediates, and whether the events at the earliest stages are just 10719 rearrangements of the denatured state(1) or progress from populated 10720 transition states(2), remain unresolved. The problem is that there is a 10721 lack of experimental high-resolution structural information about early 10722 folding intermediates and denatured states under conditions that favour 10723 folding because competent states spontaneously fold rapidly. Here we 10724 have solved directly the solution structure of a true denatured state 10725 by nuclear magnetic resonance under conditions that would normally 10726 favour folding, and directly studied its equilibrium and kinetic 10727 behaviour. We engineered a mutant of Drosophila melanogaster Engrailed 10728 homeodomain that folds and unfolds reversibly just by changing ionic 10729 strength. At high ionic strength, the mutant L16A is an ultra-fast 10730 folding native protein, just like the wild-type protein; however, at 10731 physiological ionic strength it is denatured. The denatured state is a 10732 well-ordered folding intermediate, poised to fold by docking helices 10733 and breaking some non-native interactions. It unfolds relatively 10734 progressively with increasingly denaturing conditions, and so 10735 superficially resembles a denatured state with properties that vary 10736 with conditions. Such ill-defined unfolding is a common feature of 10737 early folding intermediate states and accounts for why there are so 10738 many controversies about intermediates versus compact denatured states 10739 in protein folding. 10740 C1 MRC Ctr, Ctr Prot Engn, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. 10741 Univ Cambridge, MRC Ctr, Chem Labs, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. 10742 RP Fersht, AR, MRC Ctr, Ctr Prot Engn, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 2QH, 10743 England. 10744 EM arf25@cam.ac.uk 10745 NR 24 10746 TC 0 10747 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10748 PI LONDON 10749 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10750 SN 0028-0836 10751 J9 NATURE 10752 JI Nature 10753 PD OCT 13 10754 PY 2005 10755 VL 437 10756 IS 7061 10757 BP 1053 10758 EP 1056 10759 PG 4 10760 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10761 GA 973AU 10762 UT ISI:000232496100051 10763 ER 10764 10765 PT J 10766 AU Zhang, JZ 10767 Zhao, YS 10768 TI Formation of zirconium metallic glass (vol 430, pg 332, 2004) 10769 SO NATURE 10770 LA English 10771 DT Correction 10772 NR 1 10773 TC 0 10774 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10775 PI LONDON 10776 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10777 SN 0028-0836 10778 J9 NATURE 10779 JI Nature 10780 PD OCT 13 10781 PY 2005 10782 VL 437 10783 IS 7061 10784 BP 1057 10785 EP 1057 10786 PG 1 10787 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10788 GA 973AU 10789 UT ISI:000232496100052 10790 ER 10791 10792 PT J 10793 AU Mclaughlin, AC 10794 Sher, F 10795 Attfield, JP 10796 TI Negative lattice expansion from the 10797 superconductivity-antiferromagnetism crossover in ruthenium copper 10798 oxides (vol 436, pg 829, 2005) 10799 SO NATURE 10800 LA English 10801 DT Correction 10802 NR 1 10803 TC 0 10804 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10805 PI LONDON 10806 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10807 SN 0028-0836 10808 J9 NATURE 10809 JI Nature 10810 PD OCT 13 10811 PY 2005 10812 VL 437 10813 IS 7061 10814 BP 1057 10815 EP 1057 10816 PG 1 10817 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10818 GA 973AU 10819 UT ISI:000232496100053 10820 ER 10821 10822 PT J 10823 AU Schramke, V 10824 Sheedy, DM 10825 Denli, AM 10826 Bonila, C 10827 Ekwall, K 10828 Hannon, GJ 10829 Allshire, RC 10830 TI RNA-interference-directed chromatin modification coupled to RNA 10831 polymerase II transcription (vol 435, pg 1275, 2005) 10832 SO NATURE 10833 LA English 10834 DT Correction 10835 NR 3 10836 TC 0 10837 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10838 PI LONDON 10839 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10840 SN 0028-0836 10841 J9 NATURE 10842 JI Nature 10843 PD OCT 13 10844 PY 2005 10845 VL 437 10846 IS 7061 10847 BP 1057 10848 EP 1057 10849 PG 1 10850 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10851 GA 973AU 10852 UT ISI:000232496100054 10853 ER 10854 10855 PT J 10856 AU Buckell, TS 10857 TI Toy planes - Time to leave. 10858 SO NATURE 10859 LA English 10860 DT Editorial Material 10861 NR 0 10862 TC 0 10863 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10864 PI LONDON 10865 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10866 SN 0028-0836 10867 J9 NATURE 10868 JI Nature 10869 PD OCT 13 10870 PY 2005 10871 VL 437 10872 IS 7061 10873 BP 1064 10874 EP 1064 10875 PG 1 10876 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10877 GA 973AU 10878 UT ISI:000232496100055 10879 ER 10880 10881 PT J 10882 AU [Anon] 10883 TI Reaching for the Moon 10884 SO NATURE 10885 LA English 10886 DT Editorial Material 10887 NR 0 10888 TC 0 10889 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10890 PI LONDON 10891 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10892 SN 0028-0836 10893 J9 NATURE 10894 JI Nature 10895 PD OCT 6 10896 PY 2005 10897 VL 437 10898 IS 7060 10899 BP 789 10900 EP 789 10901 PG 1 10902 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10903 GA 970VB 10904 UT ISI:000232338600001 10905 ER 10906 10907 PT J 10908 AU [Anon] 10909 TI In need of rehab 10910 SO NATURE 10911 LA English 10912 DT Editorial Material 10913 NR 1 10914 TC 0 10915 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10916 PI LONDON 10917 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10918 SN 0028-0836 10919 J9 NATURE 10920 JI Nature 10921 PD OCT 6 10922 PY 2005 10923 VL 437 10924 IS 7060 10925 BP 789 10926 EP 790 10927 PG 2 10928 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10929 GA 970VB 10930 UT ISI:000232338600002 10931 ER 10932 10933 PT J 10934 AU [Anon] 10935 TI Welcome Nature Physics 10936 SO NATURE 10937 LA English 10938 DT Editorial Material 10939 NR 0 10940 TC 0 10941 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10942 PI LONDON 10943 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10944 SN 0028-0836 10945 J9 NATURE 10946 JI Nature 10947 PD OCT 6 10948 PY 2005 10949 VL 437 10950 IS 7060 10951 BP 790 10952 EP 790 10953 PG 1 10954 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10955 GA 970VB 10956 UT ISI:000232338600003 10957 ER 10958 10959 PT J 10960 AU von Bubnoff, A 10961 TI The 1918 flu virus is resurrected 10962 SO NATURE 10963 LA English 10964 DT News Item 10965 AB The 1918 human influenza virus has been resurrected by scientists 10966 investigating the virus, how it arose and why it was so deadly. However 10967 many are concernedthat the dangers of resurrecting the virus are too 10968 great and the publication of the full genome sequence gives any rogue 10969 nation or bioterrorist group all the information they need to make 10970 their own version of the virus. Researchers will benefit from this 10971 information by being able to spot the next pandemic strain and design 10972 appropriate drugs and vaccines in time. Further research will involve 10973 testing reconstructed viruses with and without certain mutations to see 10974 which are the most important for virulence. 10975 NR 1 10976 TC 2 10977 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 10978 PI LONDON 10979 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 10980 SN 0028-0836 10981 J9 NATURE 10982 JI Nature 10983 PD OCT 6 10984 PY 2005 10985 VL 437 10986 IS 7060 10987 BP 794 10988 EP 795 10989 PG 2 10990 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 10991 GA 970VB 10992 UT ISI:000232338600004 10993 ER 10994 10995 PT J 10996 AU Cyranoski, D 10997 TI Japan jumps towards personalized medicine 10998 SO NATURE 10999 LA English 11000 DT News Item 11001 AB Japanese scientists claim they have developed a desktop machine that 11002 will allow doctors to assess patients DNA from a single drop of blood 11003 and so tailor treatment to an individuals genes. The machine will first 11004 be tested on patients being prescribed the antibody irinotecan or the 11005 anticoagulant warfarin. Howeversuch personalized medicine is still far 11006 from being available and the machine may be more useful in research. 11007 NR 0 11008 TC 1 11009 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11010 PI LONDON 11011 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11012 SN 0028-0836 11013 J9 NATURE 11014 JI Nature 11015 PD OCT 6 11016 PY 2005 11017 VL 437 11018 IS 7060 11019 BP 796 11020 EP 796 11021 PG 1 11022 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11023 GA 970VB 11024 UT ISI:000232338600005 11025 ER 11026 11027 PT J 11028 AU Witze, A 11029 TI Q marks the spot as ancient sculptures yield their origins 11030 SO NATURE 11031 LA English 11032 DT News Item 11033 NR 0 11034 TC 0 11035 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11036 PI LONDON 11037 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11038 SN 0028-0836 11039 J9 NATURE 11040 JI Nature 11041 PD OCT 6 11042 PY 2005 11043 VL 437 11044 IS 7060 11045 BP 797 11046 EP 797 11047 PG 1 11048 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11049 GA 970VB 11050 UT ISI:000232338600006 11051 ER 11052 11053 PT J 11054 AU Dennis, C 11055 TI Electric current captures top sperm 11056 SO NATURE 11057 LA English 11058 DT News Item 11059 AB A new method using electrophoresis has been developed to separate sperm 11060 from semen. An electric current is used to draw negatively charged 11061 sperm across a membrane leaving the unwanted portion behind. It is 11062 hoped that this method will help couples conceive following failure in 11063 other in vitro fertilization techniques. 11064 NR 1 11065 TC 0 11066 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11067 PI LONDON 11068 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11069 SN 0028-0836 11070 J9 NATURE 11071 JI Nature 11072 PD OCT 6 11073 PY 2005 11074 VL 437 11075 IS 7060 11076 BP 799 11077 EP 799 11078 PG 1 11079 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11080 GA 970VB 11081 UT ISI:000232338600007 11082 ER 11083 11084 PT J 11085 AU Dennis, C 11086 TI Australia mooted as dump for world's nuclear waste 11087 SO NATURE 11088 LA English 11089 DT News Item 11090 AB Australia, one of the worlds largest uranium suppliers, has been 11091 suggested as the site for nuclear waste disposal. Overseas 11092 nuclear-power users would pay todispose of waste material on Australian 11093 shores where it would then be transported to sparsely populated regions 11094 of Western Australia. Environmentalists areconcerned about the 11095 consequences following accidents transporting such volumes of nuclear 11096 waste. 11097 NR 0 11098 TC 0 11099 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11100 PI LONDON 11101 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11102 SN 0028-0836 11103 J9 NATURE 11104 JI Nature 11105 PD OCT 6 11106 PY 2005 11107 VL 437 11108 IS 7060 11109 BP 799 11110 EP 799 11111 PG 1 11112 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11113 GA 970VB 11114 UT ISI:000232338600008 11115 ER 11116 11117 PT J 11118 AU Giles, J 11119 TI Physics prize puts spotlight on optics 11120 SO NATURE 11121 LA English 11122 DT News Item 11123 NR 0 11124 TC 0 11125 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11126 PI LONDON 11127 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11128 SN 0028-0836 11129 J9 NATURE 11130 JI Nature 11131 PD OCT 6 11132 PY 2005 11133 VL 437 11134 IS 7060 11135 BP 800 11136 EP 801 11137 PG 2 11138 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11139 GA 970VB 11140 UT ISI:000232338600009 11141 ER 11142 11143 PT J 11144 AU Dalton, R 11145 TI California prepares to roll out stem-cell funding 11146 SO NATURE 11147 LA English 11148 DT News Item 11149 AB The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has been unable to 11150 issue grant money it was awarded for stem-cell research due to ongoing 11151 legal battles, but it now starting the process of allocating funds to 11152 research and training programs. Despite the fact that no money is yet 11153 available, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles will 11154 soon announce plans for a large new building devoted to stem-cell 11155 research. Elsewhere young researchers and senior faculty members are 11156 considering moving to California in search of research funds. 11157 NR 1 11158 TC 0 11159 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11160 PI LONDON 11161 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11162 SN 0028-0836 11163 J9 NATURE 11164 JI Nature 11165 PD OCT 6 11166 PY 2005 11167 VL 437 11168 IS 7060 11169 BP 800 11170 EP 801 11171 PG 2 11172 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11173 GA 970VB 11174 UT ISI:000232338600010 11175 ER 11176 11177 PT J 11178 AU Abbott, A 11179 TI Gut feeling secures medical Nobel for Australian doctors 11180 SO NATURE 11181 LA English 11182 DT News Item 11183 AB Barry Marshall and Robin Warren have won this year's Nobel Prize in 11184 Medicine or Physiology for discovering that most stomach ulcers are 11185 caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. For a long time 11186 gastroenterologists resisted the idea, the stomach was thought to be 11187 too acidic to host bacteria. It is now accepted that most gastric 11188 ulcers are caused by the bacterium, it is usually acquiredin childhood, 11189 it then lies dormant until adulthood. 11190 NR 0 11191 TC 0 11192 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11193 PI LONDON 11194 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11195 SN 0028-0836 11196 J9 NATURE 11197 JI Nature 11198 PD OCT 6 11199 PY 2005 11200 VL 437 11201 IS 7060 11202 BP 801 11203 EP 801 11204 PG 1 11205 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11206 GA 970VB 11207 UT ISI:000232338600011 11208 ER 11209 11210 PT J 11211 AU Chipman, A 11212 TI Fatal attraction (vol 436, pg 624, 2005) 11213 SO NATURE 11214 LA English 11215 DT Correction 11216 NR 1 11217 TC 0 11218 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11219 PI LONDON 11220 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11221 SN 0028-0836 11222 J9 NATURE 11223 JI Nature 11224 PD OCT 6 11225 PY 2005 11226 VL 437 11227 IS 7060 11228 BP 803 11229 EP 803 11230 PG 1 11231 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11232 GA 970VB 11233 UT ISI:000232338600012 11234 ER 11235 11236 PT J 11237 AU Langleben, D 11238 TI Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientist (vol 437, 11239 pg 457, 2005) 11240 SO NATURE 11241 LA English 11242 DT Correction 11243 NR 1 11244 TC 0 11245 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11246 PI LONDON 11247 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11248 SN 0028-0836 11249 J9 NATURE 11250 JI Nature 11251 PD OCT 6 11252 PY 2005 11253 VL 437 11254 IS 7060 11255 BP 803 11256 EP 803 11257 PG 1 11258 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11259 GA 970VB 11260 UT ISI:000232338600013 11261 ER 11262 11263 PT J 11264 AU Qiu, J 11265 TI Flight of the navigators 11266 SO NATURE 11267 LA English 11268 DT News Item 11269 AB The Arctic is a unique testing ground for studying how birds navigate 11270 long distances, one of ornithology's greatest mysteries. Birds use a 11271 number of different navigational cues, the Earth's magnetic field, the 11272 landscape and the position of the Sun and stars. Studies on bird 11273 navigation will have implications forpreventing or containing animal 11274 based epidemics such as avian influenza. 11275 NR 4 11276 TC 0 11277 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11278 PI LONDON 11279 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11280 SN 0028-0836 11281 J9 NATURE 11282 JI Nature 11283 PD OCT 6 11284 PY 2005 11285 VL 437 11286 IS 7060 11287 BP 804 11288 EP 806 11289 PG 3 11290 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11291 GA 970VB 11292 UT ISI:000232338600014 11293 ER 11294 11295 PT J 11296 AU Marris, E 11297 TI Chemical reaction 11298 SO NATURE 11299 LA English 11300 DT News Item 11301 NR 0 11302 TC 0 11303 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11304 PI LONDON 11305 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11306 SN 0028-0836 11307 J9 NATURE 11308 JI Nature 11309 PD OCT 6 11310 PY 2005 11311 VL 437 11312 IS 7060 11313 BP 807 11314 EP 809 11315 PG 3 11316 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11317 GA 970VB 11318 UT ISI:000232338600015 11319 ER 11320 11321 PT J 11322 AU Cyranoski, D 11323 TI Paper chase 11324 SO NATURE 11325 LA English 11326 DT News Item 11327 ID OLFACTORY ENSHEATHING CELLS; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; TRANSPLANTATION; GLIA 11328 AB Hongyun Huang, a Beijing neurosurgeon, transplants olfactory 11329 ensheathing cellsinto the brains of patients with neurological 11330 disorders. Patient results and views on this scientifically unproven 11331 and expensive therapy are mixed. Westernmedical journals refuse to 11332 publish Hongyun Huang's findings as he uses video-patient testimonials 11333 as his research validation instead of proven scientific methods. 11334 NR 5 11335 TC 0 11336 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11337 PI LONDON 11338 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11339 SN 0028-0836 11340 J9 NATURE 11341 JI Nature 11342 PD OCT 6 11343 PY 2005 11344 VL 437 11345 IS 7060 11346 BP 810 11347 EP 811 11348 PG 2 11349 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11350 GA 970VB 11351 UT ISI:000232338600016 11352 ER 11353 11354 PT J 11355 AU Giles, J 11356 TI Innovation endgame 11357 SO NATURE 11358 LA English 11359 DT News Item 11360 NR 0 11361 TC 0 11362 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11363 PI LONDON 11364 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11365 SN 0028-0836 11366 J9 NATURE 11367 JI Nature 11368 PD OCT 6 11369 PY 2005 11370 VL 437 11371 IS 7060 11372 BP 813 11373 EP 813 11374 PG 1 11375 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11376 GA 970VB 11377 UT ISI:000232338600017 11378 ER 11379 11380 PT J 11381 AU May, R 11382 TI Media should campaign on the basis of facts 11383 SO NATURE 11384 LA English 11385 DT Letter 11386 C1 Royal Soc, London SW1Y 5AG, England. 11387 RP May, R, Royal Soc, 6-9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, England. 11388 NR 1 11389 TC 0 11390 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11391 PI LONDON 11392 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11393 SN 0028-0836 11394 J9 NATURE 11395 JI Nature 11396 PD OCT 6 11397 PY 2005 11398 VL 437 11399 IS 7060 11400 BP 814 11401 EP 814 11402 PG 1 11403 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11404 GA 970VB 11405 UT ISI:000232338600018 11406 ER 11407 11408 PT J 11409 AU Primorac, D 11410 TI No evidence for Croatian race claims 11411 SO NATURE 11412 LA English 11413 DT Letter 11414 C1 Minist Sci Educ & Sports, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. 11415 RP Primorac, D, Minist Sci Educ & Sports, Trg Hrvatskih Velikana 6, Zagreb 11416 10000, Croatia. 11417 NR 1 11418 TC 0 11419 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11420 PI LONDON 11421 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11422 SN 0028-0836 11423 J9 NATURE 11424 JI Nature 11425 PD OCT 6 11426 PY 2005 11427 VL 437 11428 IS 7060 11429 BP 814 11430 EP 814 11431 PG 1 11432 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11433 GA 970VB 11434 UT ISI:000232338600019 11435 ER 11436 11437 PT J 11438 AU Larner, SF 11439 TI Katrina: don't blame the Bush administration 11440 SO NATURE 11441 LA English 11442 DT Letter 11443 C1 Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury Studies, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 11444 RP Larner, SF, Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury 11445 Studies, Dept Neurosci, Box 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. 11446 NR 1 11447 TC 0 11448 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11449 PI LONDON 11450 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11451 SN 0028-0836 11452 J9 NATURE 11453 JI Nature 11454 PD OCT 6 11455 PY 2005 11456 VL 437 11457 IS 7060 11458 BP 814 11459 EP 814 11460 PG 1 11461 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11462 GA 970VB 11463 UT ISI:000232338600020 11464 ER 11465 11466 PT J 11467 AU Chaiken, A 11468 TI Katrina revealed need for reform. Let's not forget 11469 SO NATURE 11470 LA English 11471 DT Letter 11472 RP Chaiken, A, 47 Esparito Ave, Fremont, CA 94539 USA. 11473 NR 1 11474 TC 0 11475 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11476 PI LONDON 11477 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11478 SN 0028-0836 11479 J9 NATURE 11480 JI Nature 11481 PD OCT 6 11482 PY 2005 11483 VL 437 11484 IS 7060 11485 BP 814 11486 EP 814 11487 PG 1 11488 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11489 GA 970VB 11490 UT ISI:000232338600021 11491 ER 11492 11493 PT J 11494 AU Brooke, JH 11495 TI The evolution-creation struggle 11496 SO NATURE 11497 LA English 11498 DT Book Review 11499 C1 Univ Oxford, Harris Manchester Coll, Oxford OX1 3TD, England. 11500 RP Brooke, JH, Univ Oxford, Harris Manchester Coll, Oxford OX1 3TD, 11501 England. 11502 NR 1 11503 TC 0 11504 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11505 PI LONDON 11506 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11507 SN 0028-0836 11508 J9 NATURE 11509 JI Nature 11510 PD OCT 6 11511 PY 2005 11512 VL 437 11513 IS 7060 11514 BP 815 11515 EP 816 11516 PG 2 11517 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11518 GA 970VB 11519 UT ISI:000232338600022 11520 ER 11521 11522 PT J 11523 AU Ralston, A 11524 TI Electronic brains: Stories from the dawn of the computer age 11525 SO NATURE 11526 LA English 11527 DT Book Review 11528 C1 SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. 11529 RP Ralston, A, Flat 4,58 Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BE, England. 11530 NR 1 11531 TC 0 11532 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11533 PI LONDON 11534 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11535 SN 0028-0836 11536 J9 NATURE 11537 JI Nature 11538 PD OCT 6 11539 PY 2005 11540 VL 437 11541 IS 7060 11542 BP 816 11543 EP 816 11544 PG 1 11545 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11546 GA 970VB 11547 UT ISI:000232338600023 11548 ER 11549 11550 PT J 11551 AU Gregory, RL 11552 TI Action in perception 11553 SO NATURE 11554 LA English 11555 DT Book Review 11556 C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TN, Avon, England. 11557 RP Gregory, RL, Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TN, Avon, 11558 England. 11559 NR 1 11560 TC 0 11561 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11562 PI LONDON 11563 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11564 SN 0028-0836 11565 J9 NATURE 11566 JI Nature 11567 PD OCT 6 11568 PY 2005 11569 VL 437 11570 IS 7060 11571 BP 817 11572 EP 817 11573 PG 1 11574 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11575 GA 970VB 11576 UT ISI:000232338600024 11577 ER 11578 11579 PT J 11580 AU Davies, P 11581 TI A quantum recipe for life 11582 SO NATURE 11583 LA English 11584 DT Editorial Material 11585 C1 Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. 11586 RP Davies, P, Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, 11587 Australia. 11588 NR 0 11589 TC 0 11590 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11591 PI LONDON 11592 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11593 SN 0028-0836 11594 J9 NATURE 11595 JI Nature 11596 PD OCT 6 11597 PY 2005 11598 VL 437 11599 IS 7060 11600 BP 819 11601 EP 819 11602 PG 1 11603 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11604 GA 970VB 11605 UT ISI:000232338600025 11606 ER 11607 11608 PT J 11609 AU Blaylock, B 11610 Schneewind, O 11611 TI Microbiology - Loading the type III cannon 11612 SO NATURE 11613 LA English 11614 DT Editorial Material 11615 ID FLAGELLAR EXPORT APPARATUS; MEMBRANE ATPASE; CHAPERONE; SALMONELLA; 11616 COMPLEX 11617 C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. 11618 RP Blaylock, B, Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, 920 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 11619 60637 USA. 11620 EM oschnee@bsd.uchicago.edu 11621 NR 9 11622 TC 0 11623 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11624 PI LONDON 11625 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11626 SN 0028-0836 11627 J9 NATURE 11628 JI Nature 11629 PD OCT 6 11630 PY 2005 11631 VL 437 11632 IS 7060 11633 BP 821 11634 EP 821 11635 PG 1 11636 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11637 GA 970VB 11638 UT ISI:000232338600026 11639 ER 11640 11641 PT J 11642 AU Piro, L 11643 TI Astrophysics - Short-burst sources 11644 SO NATURE 11645 LA English 11646 DT Editorial Material 11647 ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; SHORT-DURATION; EMISSION 11648 C1 INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy. 11649 RP Piro, L, INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Via Fosso del 11650 Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. 11651 EM piro@rm.iasf.cnr.it 11652 NR 12 11653 TC 0 11654 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11655 PI LONDON 11656 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11657 SN 0028-0836 11658 J9 NATURE 11659 JI Nature 11660 PD OCT 6 11661 PY 2005 11662 VL 437 11663 IS 7060 11664 BP 822 11665 EP 823 11666 PG 2 11667 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11668 GA 970VB 11669 UT ISI:000232338600027 11670 ER 11671 11672 PT J 11673 AU Sanders, IR 11674 TI Microbiology - Conspirators in blight 11675 SO NATURE 11676 LA English 11677 DT Editorial Material 11678 C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. 11679 RP Sanders, IR, Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Biol Bldg, CH-1015 11680 Lausanne, Switzerland. 11681 EM ian.sanders@unil.ch 11682 NR 6 11683 TC 0 11684 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11685 PI LONDON 11686 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11687 SN 0028-0836 11688 J9 NATURE 11689 JI Nature 11690 PD OCT 6 11691 PY 2005 11692 VL 437 11693 IS 7060 11694 BP 823 11695 EP 824 11696 PG 2 11697 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11698 GA 970VB 11699 UT ISI:000232338600028 11700 ER 11701 11702 PT J 11703 AU Kramer, EJ 11704 TI Condensed-matter physics - Melted by mistakes 11705 SO NATURE 11706 LA English 11707 DT Editorial Material 11708 ID QUASI-2-DIMENSIONAL COLLOID SUSPENSION; 2 DIMENSIONS; 11709 PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDER 11710 C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 11711 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. 11712 RP Kramer, EJ, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, 2-1361C, Santa Barbara, 11713 CA 93106 USA. 11714 EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu 11715 NR 17 11716 TC 0 11717 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11718 PI LONDON 11719 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11720 SN 0028-0836 11721 J9 NATURE 11722 JI Nature 11723 PD OCT 6 11724 PY 2005 11725 VL 437 11726 IS 7060 11727 BP 824 11728 EP 825 11729 PG 2 11730 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11731 GA 970VB 11732 UT ISI:000232338600029 11733 ER 11734 11735 PT J 11736 AU Sims, DW 11737 TI Ecology - Stars beneath the waves 11738 SO NATURE 11739 LA English 11740 DT Editorial Material 11741 C1 Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. 11742 RP Sims, DW, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth 11743 PL1 2PB, Devon, England. 11744 EM dws@mba.ac.uk 11745 NR 0 11746 TC 0 11747 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11748 PI LONDON 11749 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11750 SN 0028-0836 11751 J9 NATURE 11752 JI Nature 11753 PD OCT 6 11754 PY 2005 11755 VL 437 11756 IS 7060 11757 BP 826 11758 EP 826 11759 PG 1 11760 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11761 GA 970VB 11762 UT ISI:000232338600030 11763 ER 11764 11765 PT J 11766 AU Des Marais, DJ 11767 TI Palaeobiology - Sea change in sediments 11768 SO NATURE 11769 LA English 11770 DT Editorial Material 11771 ID PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION 11772 C1 NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. 11773 NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. 11774 RP Des Marais, DJ, NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, MS 239-4, Moffett 11775 Field, CA 94035 USA. 11776 EM david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov 11777 NR 9 11778 TC 0 11779 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11780 PI LONDON 11781 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11782 SN 0028-0836 11783 J9 NATURE 11784 JI Nature 11785 PD OCT 6 11786 PY 2005 11787 VL 437 11788 IS 7060 11789 BP 826 11790 EP 827 11791 PG 2 11792 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11793 GA 970VB 11794 UT ISI:000232338600031 11795 ER 11796 11797 PT J 11798 AU Mestel, L 11799 TI Hermann Bondi (1919-2005) - Obituary 11800 SO NATURE 11801 LA English 11802 DT Biographical-Item 11803 C1 Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. 11804 RP Mestel, L, Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. 11805 EM lmestel@sussex.ac.uk 11806 NR 0 11807 TC 0 11808 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11809 PI LONDON 11810 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11811 SN 0028-0836 11812 J9 NATURE 11813 JI Nature 11814 PD OCT 6 11815 PY 2005 11816 VL 437 11817 IS 7060 11818 BP 828 11819 EP 828 11820 PG 1 11821 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11822 GA 970VB 11823 UT ISI:000232338600032 11824 ER 11825 11826 PT J 11827 AU Nanork, P 11828 Paar, J 11829 Chapman, NC 11830 Wongsiri, S 11831 Oldroyd, BP 11832 TI Asian honeybees parasitize the future dead 11833 SO NATURE 11834 LA English 11835 DT Editorial Material 11836 ID COLONIES 11837 C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 11838 Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. 11839 Mahasarakham Univ, Dept Biol, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. 11840 RP Nanork, P, Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. 11841 EM boldroyd@bio.usyd.edu.au 11842 NR 5 11843 TC 0 11844 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11845 PI LONDON 11846 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11847 SN 0028-0836 11848 J9 NATURE 11849 JI Nature 11850 PD OCT 6 11851 PY 2005 11852 VL 437 11853 IS 7060 11854 BP 829 11855 EP 829 11856 PG 1 11857 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11858 GA 970VB 11859 UT ISI:000232338600033 11860 ER 11861 11862 PT J 11863 AU Gomberg, J 11864 Johnson, P 11865 TI Seismology - Dynamic triggering of earthquakes 11866 SO NATURE 11867 LA English 11868 DT Editorial Material 11869 ID DEFORMATIONS 11870 C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. 11871 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 11872 RP Gomberg, J, US Geol Survey, Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. 11873 EM gomberg@usgs.gov 11874 NR 10 11875 TC 0 11876 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11877 PI LONDON 11878 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11879 SN 0028-0836 11880 J9 NATURE 11881 JI Nature 11882 PD OCT 6 11883 PY 2005 11884 VL 437 11885 IS 7060 11886 BP 830 11887 EP 830 11888 PG 1 11889 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11890 GA 970VB 11891 UT ISI:000232338600034 11892 ER 11893 11894 PT J 11895 AU Yan, N 11896 Chai, JJ 11897 Lee, ES 11898 Gu, LC 11899 Liu, Q 11900 He, JQ 11901 Wu, JW 11902 Kokel, D 11903 Li, HL 11904 Hao, Q 11905 Xue, D 11906 Shi, YG 11907 TI Structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex provides insights into programmed 11908 cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans 11909 SO NATURE 11910 LA English 11911 DT Article 11912 ID REGULATORS CED-9; PROTEIN CED-9; ENCODES; EGL-1; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; 11913 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; OLIGOMERIZATION; RECOGNITION; ASSOCIATION 11914 AB Interplay among four genes - egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 - controls 11915 the onset of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis 11916 elegans. Activation of the cell-killing protease CED-3 requires CED-4. 11917 However, CED-4 is constitutively inhibited by CED-9 until its release 11918 by EGL-1. Here we report the crystal structure of the CED-4 - CED-9 11919 complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution, and a complete reconstitution of 11920 the CED-3 activation pathway using homogeneous proteins of CED-4, CED-9 11921 and EGL-1. One molecule of CED-9 binds to an asymmetric dimer of CED-4, 11922 but specifically recognizes only one of the two CED-4 molecules. This 11923 specific interaction prevents CED-4 from activating CED-3. EGL-1 11924 binding induces pronounced conformational changes in CED-9 that result 11925 in the dissociation of the CED-4 dimer from CED-9. The released CED-4 11926 dimer further dimerizes to form a tetramer, which facilitates the 11927 autoactivation of CED-3. Together, our studies provide important 11928 insights into the regulation of cell death activation in C. elegans. 11929 C1 Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 11930 Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. 11931 Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. 11932 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 11933 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. 11934 RP Shi, YG, Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Washington 11935 Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 11936 EM yshi@molbio.princeton.edu 11937 NR 40 11938 TC 1 11939 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11940 PI LONDON 11941 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11942 SN 0028-0836 11943 J9 NATURE 11944 JI Nature 11945 PD OCT 6 11946 PY 2005 11947 VL 437 11948 IS 7060 11949 BP 831 11950 EP 837 11951 PG 7 11952 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 11953 GA 970VB 11954 UT ISI:000232338600035 11955 ER 11956 11957 PT J 11958 AU Higgins, LJ 11959 Yan, F 11960 Liu, PH 11961 Liu, HW 11962 Drennan, CL 11963 TI Structural insight into antibiotic fosfomycin biosynthesis by a 11964 mononuclear iron enzyme 11965 SO NATURE 11966 LA English 11967 DT Article 11968 ID (S)-2-HYDROXYPROPYLPHOSPHONIC ACID EPOXIDASE; SUPERFAMILY; SUBSTRATE; 11969 DIOXYGENASE; COMPLEX; CUPINS; TAUD 11970 AB The biosynthetic pathway of the clinically important antibiotic 11971 fosfomycin uses enzymes that catalyse reactions without precedent in 11972 biology. Among these is hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase, which 11973 represents a new subfamily of non-haem mononuclear iron enzymes. Here 11974 we present six X-ray structures of this enzyme: the apoenzyme at 2.0 11975 angstrom resolution; a native Fe(II)-bound form at 2.4 angstrom 11976 resolution; a tris( hydroxymethyl) aminomethane - Co( II)- enzyme 11977 complex structure at 1.8 angstrom resolution; a substrate - Co( II)- 11978 enzyme complex structure at 2.5 angstrom resolution; and two substrate 11979 - Fe( II)enzyme complexes at 2.1 and 2.3 angstrom resolution. These 11980 structural data lead us to suggest how this enzyme is able to recognize 11981 and respond to its substrate with a conformational change that protects 11982 the radical-based intermediates formed during catalysis. Comparisons 11983 with other family members suggest why substrate binding is able to 11984 prime iron for dioxygen binding in the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate ( 11985 a co-substrate required by many mononuclear iron enzymes), and how the 11986 unique epoxidation reaction of hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase 11987 may occur. 11988 C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 11989 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. 11990 RP Higgins, LJ, MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 11991 NR 31 11992 TC 0 11993 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 11994 PI LONDON 11995 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 11996 SN 0028-0836 11997 J9 NATURE 11998 JI Nature 11999 PD OCT 6 12000 PY 2005 12001 VL 437 12002 IS 7060 12003 BP 838 12004 EP 844 12005 PG 7 12006 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12007 GA 970VB 12008 UT ISI:000232338600036 12009 ER 12010 12011 PT J 12012 AU Fox, DB 12013 Frail, DA 12014 Price, PA 12015 Kulkarni, SR 12016 Berger, E 12017 Piran, T 12018 Soderberg, AM 12019 Cenko, SB 12020 Cameron, PB 12021 Gal-Yam, A 12022 Kasliwal, MM 12023 Moon, DS 12024 Harrison, FA 12025 Nakar, E 12026 Schmidt, BP 12027 Penprase, B 12028 Chevalier, RA 12029 Kumar, P 12030 Roth, K 12031 Watson, D 12032 Lee, BL 12033 Shectman, S 12034 Phillips, MM 12035 Roth, M 12036 McCarthy, PJ 12037 Rauch, M 12038 Cowie, L 12039 Peterson, BA 12040 Rich, J 12041 Kawai, N 12042 Aoki, K 12043 Kosugi, G 12044 Totani, T 12045 Park, HS 12046 MacFadyen, A 12047 Hurley, KC 12048 TI The afterglow of GRB 050709 and the nature of the short-hard gamma-ray 12049 bursts 12050 SO NATURE 12051 LA English 12052 DT Article 12053 ID 25 APRIL 1998; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; SHORT-DURATION; EMISSION; MERGERS; 12054 IMAGES; ENERGY; STARS; LONG 12055 AB The final chapter in the long-standing mystery of the gamma-ray bursts 12056 (GRBs) centres on the origin of the short-hard class of bursts, which 12057 are suspected on theoretical grounds to result from the coalescence of 12058 neutron-star or black-hole binary systems. Numerous searches for the 12059 afterglows of short-hard bursts have been made, galvanized by the 12060 revolution in our understanding of long-duration GRBs that followed the 12061 discovery in 1997 of their broadband (X-ray, optical and radio) 12062 afterglow emission. Here we present the discovery of the X-ray 12063 afterglow of a short-hard burst, GRB 050709, whose accurate position 12064 allows us to associate it unambiguously with a star-forming galaxy at 12065 redshift z = 0.160, and whose optical lightcurve definitively excludes 12066 a supernova association. Together with results from three other recent 12067 short-hard bursts, this suggests that short-hard bursts release much 12068 less energy than the long-duration GRBs. Models requiring young stellar 12069 populations, such as magnetars and collapsars, are ruled out, while 12070 coalescing degenerate binaries remain the most promising progenitor 12071 candidates. 12072 C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. 12073 CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 12074 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 12075 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 12076 Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. 12077 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. 12078 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. 12079 Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. 12080 Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. 12081 Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78731 USA. 12082 Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. 12083 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 12084 Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. 12085 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. 12086 Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. 12087 Kyoto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. 12088 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. 12089 Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. 12090 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 12091 RP Frail, DA, Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. 12092 EM dfox@astro.psu.edu 12093 dfrail@nrao.edu 12094 NR 43 12095 TC 2 12096 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12097 PI LONDON 12098 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12099 SN 0028-0836 12100 J9 NATURE 12101 JI Nature 12102 PD OCT 6 12103 PY 2005 12104 VL 437 12105 IS 7060 12106 BP 845 12107 EP 850 12108 PG 6 12109 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12110 GA 970VB 12111 UT ISI:000232338600037 12112 ER 12113 12114 PT J 12115 AU Gehrels, N 12116 Sarazin, CL 12117 O'Brien, PT 12118 Zhang, B 12119 Barbier, L 12120 Barthelmy, SD 12121 Blustin, A 12122 Burrows, DN 12123 Cannizzo, J 12124 Cummings, JR 12125 Goad, M 12126 Holland, ST 12127 Hurkett, CP 12128 Kennea, JA 12129 Levan, A 12130 Markwardt, CB 12131 Mason, KO 12132 Meszaros, P 12133 Page, M 12134 Palmer, DM 12135 Rol, E 12136 Sakamoto, T 12137 Willingale, R 12138 Angelini, L 12139 Beardmore, A 12140 Boyd, PT 12141 Breeveld, A 12142 Campana, S 12143 Chester, MM 12144 Chincarini, G 12145 Cominsky, LR 12146 Cusumano, G 12147 de Pasquale, M 12148 Fenimore, EE 12149 Giommi, P 12150 Gronwall, C 12151 Grupe, D 12152 Hill, JE 12153 Hinshaw, D 12154 Hjorth, J 12155 Hullinger, D 12156 Hurley, KC 12157 Klose, S 12158 Kobayashi, S 12159 Kouveliotou, C 12160 Krimm, HA 12161 Mangano, V 12162 Marshall, FE 12163 McGowan, K 12164 Moretti, A 12165 Mushotzky, RF 12166 Nakazawa, K 12167 Norris, JP 12168 Nousek, JA 12169 Osborne, JP 12170 Page, K 12171 Parsons, AM 12172 Patel, S 12173 Perri, M 12174 Poole, T 12175 Romano, P 12176 Roming, PWA 12177 Rosen, S 12178 Sato, G 12179 Schady, P 12180 Smale, AP 12181 Sollerman, J 12182 Starling, R 12183 Still, M 12184 Suzuki, M 12185 Tagliaferri, G 12186 Takahashi, T 12187 Tashiro, M 12188 Tueller, J 12189 Wells, AA 12190 White, NE 12191 Wijers, RAMJ 12192 TI A short gamma-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy 12193 at redshift z=0.225 12194 SO NATURE 12195 LA English 12196 DT Article 12197 ID SHORT-DURATION; NEUTRON-STARS; AFTERGLOWS; SGR-1806-20; BINARIES; FLARE 12198 AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) come in two classes(1): long (> 2 s), 12199 soft-spectrum bursts and short, hard events. Most progress has been 12200 made on understanding the long GRBs, which are typically observed at 12201 high redshift ( z approximate to 1) and found in subluminous 12202 star-forming host galaxies. They are likely to be produced in 12203 core-collapse explosions of massive stars(2). In contrast, no short GRB 12204 had been accurately (< 1000) and rapidly ( minutes) located. Here we 12205 report the detection of the X-ray afterglow from - and the localization 12206 of - the short burst GRB 050509B. Its position on the sky is near a 12207 luminous, non-star-forming elliptical galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, 12208 which is the location one would expect(3,4) if the origin of this GRB 12209 is through the merger of neutron-star or blackhole binaries. The X-ray 12210 afterglow was weak and faded below the detection limit within a few 12211 hours; no optical afterglow was detected to stringent limits, 12212 explaining the past difficulty in localizing short GRBs. 12213 C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 12214 Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. 12215 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. 12216 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. 12217 Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. 12218 Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 12219 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. 12220 CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. 12221 Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. 12222 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. 12223 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 12224 INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. 12225 Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. 12226 Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. 12227 INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Cosm, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. 12228 ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. 12229 SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. 12230 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 12231 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 12232 Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany. 12233 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. 12234 JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. 12235 Univ Space Res Assoc, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. 12236 NASA Headquarters, Off Space Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. 12237 Stockholm Observ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 12238 Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. 12239 Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan. 12240 RP Gehrels, N, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 12241 EM gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov 12242 NR 30 12243 TC 2 12244 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12245 PI LONDON 12246 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12247 SN 0028-0836 12248 J9 NATURE 12249 JI Nature 12250 PD OCT 6 12251 PY 2005 12252 VL 437 12253 IS 7060 12254 BP 851 12255 EP 854 12256 PG 4 12257 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12258 GA 970VB 12259 UT ISI:000232338600038 12260 ER 12261 12262 PT J 12263 AU Villasenor, JS 12264 Lamb, DQ 12265 Ricker, GR 12266 Atteia, JL 12267 Kawai, N 12268 Butler, N 12269 Nakagawa, Y 12270 Jernigan, JG 12271 Boer, M 12272 Crew, GB 12273 Donaghy, TQ 12274 Doty, J 12275 Fenimore, EE 12276 Galassi, M 12277 Graziani, C 12278 Hurley, K 12279 Levine, A 12280 Martel, F 12281 Matsuoka, M 12282 Olive, JF 12283 Prigozhin, G 12284 Sakamoto, T 12285 Shirasaki, Y 12286 Suzuki, M 12287 Tamagawa, T 12288 Vanderspek, R 12289 Woosley, SE 12290 Yoshida, A 12291 Braga, J 12292 Manchanda, R 12293 Pizzichini, G 12294 Takagishi, K 12295 Yamauchi, M 12296 TI Discovery of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709 12297 SO NATURE 12298 LA English 12299 DT Article 12300 ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; SGR-1806-20; AFTERGLOW; SPECTRA; FLARE 12301 AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft 12302 bursts(1-3). The latter are now known to have X-ray(4) and optical(5) 12303 afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances(6) in star-forming 12304 galaxies(7), and to be associated with the explosion of massive 12305 stars(8,9). In contrast, the distance scale, the energy scale and the 12306 progenitors of the short bursts have remained a mystery. Here we report 12307 the discovery of a short-hard burst whose accurate localization has led 12308 to follow-up observations that have identified the X-ray afterglow(10) 12309 and ( for the first time) the optical afterglow(10,11) of a short-hard 12310 burst; this in turn led to the identification of the host galaxy of the 12311 burst as a late-type galaxy at z = 0.16 (ref. 10). These results show 12312 that at least some short-hard bursts occur at cosmological distances in 12313 the outskirts of galaxies, and are likely to be caused by the merging 12314 of compact binaries. 12315 C1 MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 12316 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. 12317 Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. 12318 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. 12319 Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. 12320 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 12321 Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. 12322 Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA. 12323 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 12324 Espace Inc, Hull, MA 02045 USA. 12325 Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. 12326 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. 12327 Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. 12328 RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. 12329 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. 12330 Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. 12331 Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. 12332 INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. 12333 Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. 12334 RP Ricker, GR, MIT, Kavli Inst, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 12335 EM jsvilla@space.mit.edu 12336 grr@space.mit.edu 12337 NR 28 12338 TC 2 12339 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12340 PI LONDON 12341 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12342 SN 0028-0836 12343 J9 NATURE 12344 JI Nature 12345 PD OCT 6 12346 PY 2005 12347 VL 437 12348 IS 7060 12349 BP 855 12350 EP 858 12351 PG 4 12352 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12353 GA 970VB 12354 UT ISI:000232338600039 12355 ER 12356 12357 PT J 12358 AU Hjorth, J 12359 Watson, D 12360 Fynbo, JPU 12361 Price, PA 12362 Jensen, BL 12363 Jorgensen, UG 12364 Kubas, D 12365 Gorosabel, J 12366 Jakobsson, P 12367 Sollerman, J 12368 Pedersen, K 12369 Kouveliotou, C 12370 TI The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709 12371 SO NATURE 12372 LA English 12373 DT Article 12374 ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; HOST GALAXIES; ERROR BOX; SUPERNOVA; PROGENITORS; 12375 CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERY; PROSPECTS; SPECTRA; MODEL 12376 AB It has long been known that there are two classes(1) of gamma-ray 12377 bursts (GRBs), mainly distinguished by their durations. The 12378 breakthrough in our understanding of long-duration GRBs ( those lasting 12379 more than similar to 2 s), which ultimately linked them with energetic 12380 type Ic supernovae(2-4), came from the discovery of their long-lived 12381 X-ray(5) and optical(6,7) 'afterglows', when precise and rapid 12382 localizations of the sources could finally be obtained. X-ray 12383 localizations have recently become available(8,9) for short ( duration 12384 < 2 s) GRBs, which have evaded optical detection for more than 30 12385 years. Here we report the first discovery of transient optical emission 12386 (R-band magnitude similar to 23) associated with a short burst: GRB 12387 050709. The optical afterglow was localized with subarcsecond accuracy, 12388 and lies in the outskirts of a blue dwarf galaxy. The optical and 12389 X-ray(10) afterglow properties 34 h after the GRB are reminiscent of 12390 the afterglows of long GRBs, which are attributable to synchrotron 12391 emission from ultrarelativistic ejecta. We did not, however, detect a 12392 supernova, as found in most nearby long GRB afterglows, which suggests 12393 a different origin for the short GRBs. 12394 C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 12395 Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 12396 European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. 12397 CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. 12398 Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 12399 NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. 12400 RP Hjorth, J, Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane 12401 Maries Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 12402 EM jens@astro.ku.dk 12403 NR 26 12404 TC 2 12405 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12406 PI LONDON 12407 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12408 SN 0028-0836 12409 J9 NATURE 12410 JI Nature 12411 PD OCT 6 12412 PY 2005 12413 VL 437 12414 IS 7060 12415 BP 859 12416 EP 861 12417 PG 3 12418 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12419 GA 970VB 12420 UT ISI:000232338600040 12421 ER 12422 12423 PT J 12424 AU Dreyfus, R 12425 Baudry, J 12426 Roper, ML 12427 Fermigier, M 12428 Stone, HA 12429 Bibette, J 12430 TI Microscopic artificial swimmers 12431 SO NATURE 12432 LA English 12433 DT Article 12434 ID LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ROD-LIKE CHAINS; DRIVEN MICROFILAMENTS; FRICTION 12435 COEFFICIENT; FILAMENTS; DYNAMICS; PROPULSION; SPHERES; FLUID 12436 AB Microorganisms such as bacteria and many eukaryotic cells propel 12437 themselves with hair-like structures known as flagella, which can 12438 exhibit a variety of structures and movement patterns(1). For example, 12439 bacterial flagella are helically shaped(2) and driven at their bases by 12440 a reversible rotary engine(3), which rotates the attached flagellum to 12441 give a motion similar to that of a corkscrew. In contrast, eukaryotic 12442 cells use flagella that resemble elastic rods(4) and exhibit a beating 12443 motion: internally generated stresses give rise to a series of bends 12444 that propagate towards the tip(5-7). In contrast to this variety of 12445 swimming strategies encountered in nature, a controlled swimming motion 12446 of artificial micrometre-sized structures has not yet been realized. 12447 Here we show that a linear chain of colloidal magnetic particles linked 12448 by DNA and attached to a red blood cell can act as a flexible 12449 artificial flagellum. The filament aligns with an external 12450 uniformmagnetic field and is readily actuated by oscillating a 12451 transverse field. We find that the actuation induces a beating pattern 12452 that propels the structure, and that the external fields can be 12453 adjusted to control the velocity and the direction of motion. 12454 C1 Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, CNRS,UMR 7612, Lab Colloides & Mat Div, F-75005 Paris, France. 12455 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 12456 Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, CNRS, UMR 7636, Lab Phys & mecan Milieux Heterogenes, F-75005 Paris, France. 12457 RP Dreyfus, R, Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, CNRS,UMR 7612, Lab Colloides & Mat 12458 Div, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France. 12459 EM remi.dreyfus@espci.fr 12460 NR 26 12461 TC 0 12462 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12463 PI LONDON 12464 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12465 SN 0028-0836 12466 J9 NATURE 12467 JI Nature 12468 PD OCT 6 12469 PY 2005 12470 VL 437 12471 IS 7060 12472 BP 862 12473 EP 865 12474 PG 4 12475 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12476 GA 970VB 12477 UT ISI:000232338600041 12478 ER 12479 12480 PT J 12481 AU Brocks, JJ 12482 Love, GD 12483 Summons, RE 12484 Knoll, AH 12485 Logan, GA 12486 Bowden, SA 12487 TI Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a 12488 stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea 12489 SO NATURE 12490 LA English 12491 DT Article 12492 ID PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; MCARTHUR BASIN; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; 12493 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; SULFATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEDIMENTS; 12494 ANOXIA; ROCK 12495 AB The disappearance of iron formations from the geological record similar 12496 to 1.8 billion years (Gyr) ago was the consequence of rising oxygen 12497 levels in the atmosphere starting 2.45 - 2.32 Gyr ago(1-3). It marks 12498 the end of a 2.5-Gyr period dominated by anoxic and iron-rich deep 12499 oceans. However, despite rising oxygen levels and a concomitant 12500 increase in marine sulphate concentration, related to enhanced sulphide 12501 oxidation during continental weathering(4), the chemistry of the oceans 12502 in the following mid-Proterozoic interval (similar to 1.8 - 0.8 Gyr 12503 ago) probably did not yet resemble our oxygen-rich modern oceans. 12504 Recent data(5-8) indicate that marine oxygen and sulphate 12505 concentrations may have remained well below current levels during this 12506 period, with one model indicating that anoxic and sulphidic marine 12507 basins were widespread, and perhaps even globally distributed(4). Here 12508 we present hydrocarbon biomarkers ( molecular fossils) from a 12509 1.64-Gyr-old basin in northern Australia, revealing the ecological 12510 structure of mid-Proterozoic marine communities. The biomarkers signify 12511 a marine basin with anoxic, sulphidic, sulphate-poor and permanently 12512 stratified deep waters, hostile to eukaryotic algae. Phototrophic 12513 purple sulphur bacteria ( Chromatiaceae) were detected in the 12514 geological record based on the new carotenoid biomarker okenane, and 12515 they seem to have co-existed with communities of green sulphur bacteria 12516 ( Chlorobiaceae). Collectively, the biomarkers support mounting 12517 evidence for a long-lasting Proterozoic world in which oxygen levels 12518 remained well below modern levels. 12519 C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. 12520 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 12521 Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. 12522 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 12523 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 12524 Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. 12525 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. 12526 RP Brocks, JJ, Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 12527 0200, Australia. 12528 EM jochen.brocks@anu.edu.au 12529 NR 30 12530 TC 1 12531 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12532 PI LONDON 12533 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12534 SN 0028-0836 12535 J9 NATURE 12536 JI Nature 12537 PD OCT 6 12538 PY 2005 12539 VL 437 12540 IS 7060 12541 BP 866 12542 EP 870 12543 PG 5 12544 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12545 GA 970VB 12546 UT ISI:000232338600042 12547 ER 12548 12549 PT J 12550 AU Johnson, PA 12551 Jiz, XP 12552 TI Nonlinear dynamics, granular media and dynamic earthquake triggering 12553 SO NATURE 12554 LA English 12555 DT Article 12556 ID SLOW DYNAMICS; STRESS-FIELD; DEFORMATIONS; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA; 12557 ELASTICITY; TRANSIENT; LANDERS; ZONE 12558 AB The 1992 magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake triggered an exceptional 12559 number of additional earthquakes within California and as far north as 12560 Yellowstone and Montana(1-3). Since this observation, other large 12561 earthquakes have been shown to induce dynamic triggering at remote 12562 distances - for example, after the 1999 magnitude 7.1 Hector Mine(1) 12563 and the 2002 magnitude 7.9 Denali(4) earthquakes - and in the 12564 near-field as aftershocks(5). The physical origin of dynamic 12565 triggering, however, remains one of the least understood aspects of 12566 earthquake nucleation(1-5). The dynamic strain amplitudes from a large 12567 earthquake are exceedingly small once the waves have propagated more 12568 than several fault radii. For example, a strain wave amplitude of 12569 10(-6) and wavelength 1 m corresponds to a displacement amplitude of 12570 about 10(-7) m. Here we show that the dynamic, elastic-nonlinear 12571 behaviour of fault gouge perturbed by a seismic wave may trigger 12572 earthquakes, even with such small strains. We base our hypothesis on 12573 recent laboratory dynamic experiments conducted in granular media, a 12574 fault gouge surrogate(6,7). From these we infer that, if the fault is 12575 weak(8-10), seismic waves cause the fault core modulus to decrease 12576 abruptly and weaken further. If the fault is already near failure, this 12577 process could therefore induce fault slip. 12578 C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 12579 Univ Marne la Vallee, CNRS, UMR 8108, Lab Phys Mat Divises & Interfaces, F-77454 Marne La Vallee, France. 12580 RP Johnson, PA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, MS D443, Los 12581 Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 12582 EM paj@lanl.gov 12583 NR 28 12584 TC 1 12585 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12586 PI LONDON 12587 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12588 SN 0028-0836 12589 J9 NATURE 12590 JI Nature 12591 PD OCT 6 12592 PY 2005 12593 VL 437 12594 IS 7060 12595 BP 871 12596 EP 874 12597 PG 4 12598 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12599 GA 970VB 12600 UT ISI:000232338600043 12601 ER 12602 12603 PT J 12604 AU Wang, XL 12605 Kellner, AWA 12606 Zhou, ZH 12607 Campos, DD 12608 TI Pterosaur diversity and faunal turnover in Cretaceous terrestrial 12609 ecosystems in China 12610 SO NATURE 12611 LA English 12612 DT Article 12613 ID INNER-MONGOLIA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 12614 AB New specimens and an analysis of the Jehol pterosaur faunae of 12615 northeastern China show an unexpected diversity of flying reptile 12616 groups in terrestrial Cretaceous ecosystems(1-4). Here we report two 12617 new pterosaurs that are referred to European groups previously unknown 12618 in deposits of northeastern China. Feilongus youngi, from the Yixian 12619 Formation(1,3), is closely related to the Gallodactylidae(5-6) and is 12620 distinguished by the presence of two independent sagittal crests and a 12621 protruding upper jaw. Nurhachius ignaciobritoi, from the Jiufotang 12622 Formation(2,3), has teeth formed by labiolingually compressed 12623 triangular crowns, only previously reported in Istiodactylus 12624 latidens(7) from England. With these new discoveries, the Jehol 12625 pterosaurs show a wide range of groups including both primitive and 12626 derived forms that are not matched by any other deposit in the world. 12627 The discoveries also document the turnover of pterosaur faunae, with 12628 the primitive Anurognathidae and early archaeopterodactyloids being 12629 replaced by derived pterodactyloids. Furthermore, these deposits offer 12630 an opportunity to examine the interaction and competition between birds 12631 and pterosaurs - it indicates that the avian fauna during the Lower 12632 Cretaceous ( and possibly most of the Mesozoic) dominated terrestrial, 12633 inland regions, whereas pterosaurs were more abundant in coastal areas. 12634 C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. 12635 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Paleovertebrate Sector, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. 12636 Museu Ciencias Terra, Dept Nacl Prod Mineral, BR-22290240 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. 12637 RP Wang, XL, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, 12638 POB 643, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. 12639 EM xlinwang@263.net 12640 kellner@acd.ufrj.br 12641 NR 30 12642 TC 0 12643 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12644 PI LONDON 12645 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12646 SN 0028-0836 12647 J9 NATURE 12648 JI Nature 12649 PD OCT 6 12650 PY 2005 12651 VL 437 12652 IS 7060 12653 BP 875 12654 EP 879 12655 PG 5 12656 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12657 GA 970VB 12658 UT ISI:000232338600044 12659 ER 12660 12661 PT J 12662 AU Knight, TM 12663 McCoy, MW 12664 Chase, JM 12665 McCoy, KA 12666 Holt, RD 12667 TI Trophic cascades across ecosystems 12668 SO NATURE 12669 LA English 12670 DT Article 12671 ID FOOD WEBS; PREDATOR; TERRESTRIAL; VISITATION; DIVERSITY; SUBSIDIES; 12672 ECOLOGY; PREY 12673 AB Predation can be intense, creating strong direct and indirect effects 12674 throughout food webs(1-4). In addition, ecologists increasingly 12675 recognize that fluxes of organisms across ecosystem boundaries can have 12676 major consequences for community dynamics(5,6). Species with complex 12677 life histories often shift habitats during their life cycles(7) and 12678 provide potent conduits coupling ecosystems(5,6). Thus, local 12679 interactions that affect predator abundance in one ecosystem ( for 12680 example a larval habitat) may have reverberating effects in another ( 12681 for example an adult habitat). Here we show that fish indirectly 12682 facilitate terrestrial plant reproduction through cascading trophic 12683 interactions across ecosystem boundaries. Fish reduce larval dragonfly 12684 abundances in ponds, leading to fewer adult dragonflies nearby. Adult 12685 dragonflies consume insect pollinators and alter their foraging 12686 behaviour. As a result, plants near ponds with fish receive more 12687 pollinator visits and are less pollen limited than plants near 12688 fish-free ponds. Our results confirm that strong species interactions 12689 can reverberate across ecosystems, and emphasize the importance of 12690 landscape-level processes in driving local species interactions. 12691 C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 12692 Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. 12693 RP Knight, TM, Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. 12694 EM tknight@biology2.wustl.edu 12695 NR 28 12696 TC 0 12697 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12698 PI LONDON 12699 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12700 SN 0028-0836 12701 J9 NATURE 12702 JI Nature 12703 PD OCT 6 12704 PY 2005 12705 VL 437 12706 IS 7060 12707 BP 880 12708 EP 883 12709 PG 4 12710 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12711 GA 970VB 12712 UT ISI:000232338600045 12713 ER 12714 12715 PT J 12716 AU Partida-Martinez, LP 12717 Hertweck, C 12718 TI Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production 12719 SO NATURE 12720 LA English 12721 DT Article 12722 ID MACROCYCLIC LACTONE ANTIBIOTICS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES; 12723 RHIZOPUS-CHINENSIS; GENE-CLUSTER; RHIZOXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYMBIONT; 12724 BURKHOLDERIA; METABOLITE; AGENTS 12725 AB A number of plant pathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Rhizopus are 12726 infamous for causing rice seedling blight. This plant disease is 12727 typically initiated by an abnormal swelling of the seedling roots 12728 without any sign of infection by the pathogen(1-4). This characteristic 12729 symptom is in fact caused by the macrocyclic polyketide metabolite 12730 rhizoxin that has been isolated from cultures of Rhizopus sp.(5,6). The 12731 phytotoxin exerts its destructive effect by binding to rice 12732 beta-tubulin, which results in inhibition of mitosis and cell cycle 12733 arrest(7,8). Owing to its remarkably strong antimitotic activity in 12734 most eukaryotic cells, including various human cancer cell lines, 12735 rhizoxin has attracted considerable interest as a potential antitumour 12736 drug(9,10). Here we show that rhizoxin is not biosynthesized by the 12737 fungus itself, but by endosymbiotic, that is, intracellular living, 12738 bacteria of the genus Burkholderia. Our unexpected findings unveil a 12739 remarkably complex symbiotic-pathogenic relationship that extends the 12740 fungus - plant interaction to a third, bacterial, key-player, and opens 12741 new perspectives for pest control. 12742 C1 HKI, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, D-07745 Jena, Germany. 12743 RP Hertweck, C, HKI, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, 12744 Beutenbergstr 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany. 12745 EM Christian.Hertweck@hki-jena.de 12746 NR 28 12747 TC 1 12748 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12749 PI LONDON 12750 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12751 SN 0028-0836 12752 J9 NATURE 12753 JI Nature 12754 PD OCT 6 12755 PY 2005 12756 VL 437 12757 IS 7060 12758 BP 884 12759 EP 888 12760 PG 5 12761 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12762 GA 970VB 12763 UT ISI:000232338600046 12764 ER 12765 12766 PT J 12767 AU Taubenberger, JK 12768 Reid, AH 12769 Lourens, RM 12770 Wang, RX 12771 Jin, GZ 12772 Fanning, TG 12773 TI Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes 12774 SO NATURE 12775 LA English 12776 DT Article 12777 ID A VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; RNA-POLYMERASE; AMINO-ACID; HEMAGGLUTININ; 12778 PROTEIN; ORIGIN; PATHOGENICITY; SEGMENT; SITES 12779 AB The influenza A viral heterotrimeric polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2) 12780 is known to be involved in many aspects of viral replication and to 12781 interact with host factors(1), thereby having a role in host 12782 specificity(2,3). The polymerase protein sequences from the 1918 human 12783 influenza virus differ from avian consensus sequences at only a small 12784 number of amino acids, consistent with the hypothesis that they were 12785 derived from an avian source shortly before the pandemic. However, when 12786 compared to avian sequences, the nucleotide sequences of the 1918 12787 polymerase genes have more synonymous differences than expected, 12788 suggesting evolutionary distance from known avian strains. Here we 12789 present sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome of 12790 the 1918 influenza virus(4-8), and propose that the 1918 virus was not 12791 a reassortant virus ( like those of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics(9,10)), 12792 but more likely an entirely avian-like virus that adapted to humans. 12793 These data support prior phylogenetic studies suggesting that the 1918 12794 virus was derived from an avian source(11). A total of ten amino acid 12795 changes in the polymerase proteins consistently differentiate the 1918 12796 and subsequent human influenza virus sequences from avian virus 12797 sequences. Notably, a number of the same changes have been found in 12798 recently circulating, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses that have caused 12799 illness and death in humans and are feared to be the precursors of a 12800 new influenza pandemic. The sequence changes identified here may be 12801 important in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans. 12802 C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 12803 RP Taubenberger, JK, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, 12804 MD 20850 USA. 12805 EM taubenberger@afip.osd.mil 12806 NR 30 12807 TC 3 12808 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12809 PI LONDON 12810 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12811 SN 0028-0836 12812 J9 NATURE 12813 JI Nature 12814 PD OCT 6 12815 PY 2005 12816 VL 437 12817 IS 7060 12818 BP 889 12819 EP 893 12820 PG 5 12821 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12822 GA 970VB 12823 UT ISI:000232338600047 12824 ER 12825 12826 PT J 12827 AU Ahn, S 12828 Joyner, AL 12829 TI In vivo analysis of quiescent adult neural stem cells responding to 12830 Sonic hedgehog 12831 SO NATURE 12832 LA English 12833 DT Article 12834 ID MAMMALIAN BRAIN; PROGENITOR PROLIFERATION; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; DENTATE 12835 GYRUS; HIPPOCAMPUS; PRECURSORS; NEURONS; NEUROGENESIS; REGENERATION; 12836 ASTROCYTES 12837 AB Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has been implicated in the ongoing neurogenesis in 12838 postnatal rodent brains(1,2). Here we adopted an in vivo genetic 12839 fate-mapping strategy, using Gli1 (GLI-Kruppel family member) as a 12840 sensitive readout of Shh activity, to systematically mark and follow 12841 the fate of Shh-responding cells in the adult mouse forebrain. We show 12842 that initially, only a small population of cells ( including both 12843 quiescent neural stem cells and transit-amplifying cells) responds to 12844 Shh in regions undergoing neurogenesis. This population subsequently 12845 expands markedly to continuously provide new neurons in the forebrain. 12846 Our study of the behaviour of quiescent neural stem cells provides in 12847 vivo evidence that they can self-renew for over a year and generate 12848 multiple cell types. Furthermore, we show that the neural stem cell 12849 niches in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus are established 12850 sequentially and not until late embryonic stages. 12851 C1 NYU, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dev Genet Program,Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. 12852 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New York, NY 10016 USA. 12853 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, New York, NY 10016 USA. 12854 RP Joyner, AL, NICHHD, Unit Dev Neurogenet, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev, 12855 NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 6B, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. 12856 EM joyner@saturn.med.nyu.edu 12857 NR 27 12858 TC 0 12859 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12860 PI LONDON 12861 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12862 SN 0028-0836 12863 J9 NATURE 12864 JI Nature 12865 PD OCT 6 12866 PY 2005 12867 VL 437 12868 IS 7060 12869 BP 894 12870 EP 897 12871 PG 4 12872 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12873 GA 970VB 12874 UT ISI:000232338600048 12875 ER 12876 12877 PT J 12878 AU Kimoto, H 12879 Haga, S 12880 Sato, K 12881 Touhara, K 12882 TI Sex-specific peptides from exocrine glands stimulate mouse vomeronasal 12883 sensory neurons 12884 SO NATURE 12885 LA English 12886 DT Article 12887 ID PUTATIVE PHEROMONE RECEPTORS; ACCESSORY OLFACTORY-BULB; MULTIGENE 12888 FAMILY; MUTANT MICE; MAMMALS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; GENES; ORGAN; AGGRESSION 12889 AB In mammals, social and reproductive behaviours are modulated by 12890 pheromones, which are chemical signals that convey information about 12891 sex and strain(1,2). The vomeronasal organ, located at the base of the 12892 nasal septum, is responsible for mediating pheromone information in 12893 mice(3-9). Two classes of putative pheromone receptor gene families, 12894 V1R and V2R, are expressed by vomeronasal sensory neurons in mutually 12895 segregated epithelial zones of the vomeronasal organ(10-14). Although 12896 numerous studies have suggested that pheromones originate from 12897 urine(15-18), direct recordings of behaving mice have shown that 12898 neuronal firing in the vomeronasal system is modulated by physical 12899 contact with the facial area(19). Here we identify a male-specific 12900 7-kDa peptide secreted from the extraorbital lacrimal gland. This 12901 peptide, which we named exocrine gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1), is 12902 encoded by a gene from a previously unrecognized large family clustered 12903 in proximity to the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 12904 region. ESP1 is secreted from the eyes and is transferred to the female 12905 vomeronasal organ, where it stimulates V2R-expressing vomeronasal 12906 sensory neurons and elicits an electrical response. Our results 12907 indicate that mice respond to sex-specific peptides released from 12908 exocrine glands through the vomeronasal system during direct contact. 12909 C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci, Chiba 2778562, Japan. 12910 RP Touhara, K, Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci, 12911 Chiba 2778562, Japan. 12912 EM touhara@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp 12913 NR 29 12914 TC 1 12915 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12916 PI LONDON 12917 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12918 SN 0028-0836 12919 J9 NATURE 12920 JI Nature 12921 PD OCT 6 12922 PY 2005 12923 VL 437 12924 IS 7060 12925 BP 898 12926 EP 901 12927 PG 4 12928 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12929 GA 970VB 12930 UT ISI:000232338600049 12931 ER 12932 12933 PT J 12934 AU Zhang, SYL 12935 Yu, Y 12936 Roos, J 12937 Kozak, JA 12938 Deerinck, TJ 12939 Ellisman, MH 12940 Stauderman, KA 12941 Cahalan, MD 12942 TI STIM1 is a Ca2+ sensor that activates CRAC channels and migrates from 12943 the Ca2+ store to the plasma membrane 12944 SO NATURE 12945 LA English 12946 DT Article 12947 ID OPERATED CALCIUM-CHANNELS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; DEPLETION; INFLUX; CELLS; 12948 OSCILLATIONS; INHIBITION; MECHANISMS; FAMILY 12949 AB As the sole Ca2+ entry mechanism in a variety of non-excitable cells, 12950 store-operated calcium (SOC) influx is important in Ca2+ signalling and 12951 many other cellular processes(1-3). A calcium-release-activated calcium 12952 ( CRAC) channel in T lymphocytes is the best-characterized SOC influx 12953 channel(4-6) and is essential to the immune response, sustained 12954 activity of CRAC channels being required for gene expression and 12955 proliferation(7-10). The molecular identity and the gating mechanism of 12956 SOC and CRAC channels have remained elusive. Previously we identified 12957 Stim and the mammalian homologue STIM1 as essential components of CRAC 12958 channel activation in Drosophila S2 cells and human T lymphocytes(11). 12959 Here we show that the expression of EF-hand mutants of Stim or STIM1 12960 activates CRAC channels constitutively without changing Ca2+ store 12961 content. By immunofluorescence, EM localization and surface 12962 biotinylation we show that STIM1 migrates from 12963 endoplasmic-reticulum-like sites to the plasma membrane upon depletion 12964 of the Ca2+ store. We propose that STIM1 functions as the missing link 12965 between Ca2+ store depletion and SOC influx, serving as a Ca2+ sensor 12966 that translocates upon store depletion to the plasma membrane to 12967 activate CRAC channels. 12968 C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 12969 Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Immunol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. 12970 TorreyPines Therapeut Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 12971 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 12972 Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, Ctr Res Biol Struct, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 12973 RP Cahalan, MD, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 12974 92697 USA. 12975 EM mcahalan@uci.edu 12976 NR 25 12977 TC 0 12978 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 12979 PI LONDON 12980 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 12981 SN 0028-0836 12982 J9 NATURE 12983 JI Nature 12984 PD OCT 6 12985 PY 2005 12986 VL 437 12987 IS 7060 12988 BP 902 12989 EP 905 12990 PG 4 12991 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 12992 GA 970VB 12993 UT ISI:000232338600050 12994 ER 12995 12996 PT J 12997 AU van den Elzen, P 12998 Garg, S 12999 Leon, L 13000 Brigl, M 13001 Leadbetter, EA 13002 Gumperz, JE 13003 Dascher, CC 13004 Cheng, TY 13005 Sacks, FM 13006 Illarionov, PA 13007 Besra, GS 13008 Kent, SC 13009 Moody, DB 13010 Brenner, MB 13011 TI Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation 13012 SO NATURE 13013 LA English 13014 DT Article 13015 ID TRANSPORT PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; NKT 13016 CELLS; RECEPTOR; LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MACROPHAGES; METABOLISM 13017 AB Peptide antigens are presented to T cells by major histocompatibility 13018 complex (MHC) molecules, with endogenous peptides presented by MHC 13019 class I and exogenous peptides presented by MHC class II. In contrast 13020 to the MHC system, CD1 molecules bind lipid antigens that are presented 13021 at the antigen-presenting cell (APC) surface to lipid antigen-reactive 13022 T cells(1). Because CD1 molecules survey endocytic compartments(2), it 13023 is self-evident that they encounter antigens from extracellular 13024 sources. However, the mechanisms of exogenous lipid antigen delivery to 13025 CD1-antigen-loading compartments are not known. Serum apolipoproteins 13026 are mediators of extracellular lipid transport for metabolic needs(3). 13027 Here we define the pathways mediating markedly efficient exogenous 13028 lipid antigen delivery by apolipoproteins to achieve T-cell activation. 13029 Apolipoprotein E binds lipid antigens and delivers them by 13030 receptor-mediated uptake into endosomal compartments containing CD1 in 13031 APCs. Apolipoprotein E mediates the presentation of serum-borne lipid 13032 antigens and can be secreted by APCs as a mechanism to survey the local 13033 environment to capture antigens or to transfer microbial lipids from 13034 infected cells to bystander APCs. Thus, the immune system has co-opted 13035 a component of lipid metabolism to develop immunological responses to 13036 lipid antigens. 13037 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 13038 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 13039 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 13040 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 13041 Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. 13042 RP Brenner, MB, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 13043 EM mbrenner@rics.bwh.harvard.edu 13044 NR 29 13045 TC 0 13046 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13047 PI LONDON 13048 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13049 SN 0028-0836 13050 J9 NATURE 13051 JI Nature 13052 PD OCT 6 13053 PY 2005 13054 VL 437 13055 IS 7060 13056 BP 906 13057 EP 910 13058 PG 5 13059 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13060 GA 970VB 13061 UT ISI:000232338600051 13062 ER 13063 13064 PT J 13065 AU Akeda, Y 13066 Galan, JE 13067 TI Chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type III secretion 13068 SO NATURE 13069 LA English 13070 DT Article 13071 ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; F0F1 ATPASE; HOST-CELLS; 13072 PROTEINS; DOMAINS; OLIGOMERIZATION; RECOGNITION; PHOSPHATASE; PATHOGENS 13073 AB Type III protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of 13074 many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants(1). These 13075 systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly 13076 into the host cell cytoplasm. Proteins are thought to travel this 13077 pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized 13078 cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted 13079 proteins, are essential for secretion. Here we show that InvC, an 13080 ATPase associated with a Salmonella enterica type III secretion 13081 system(2), has a critical function in substrate recognition. 13082 Furthermore, InvC induces chaperone release from and unfolding of the 13083 cognate secreted protein in an ATP-dependent manner. Our results show a 13084 similarity between the mechanisms of substrate recognition by type III 13085 protein secretion systems and AAA+ ATPase disassembly machines. 13086 C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. 13087 RP Galan, JE, Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, 333 Cedar 13088 St, New Haven, CT 06536 USA. 13089 EM jorge.galan@yale.edu 13090 NR 30 13091 TC 1 13092 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13093 PI LONDON 13094 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13095 SN 0028-0836 13096 J9 NATURE 13097 JI Nature 13098 PD OCT 6 13099 PY 2005 13100 VL 437 13101 IS 7060 13102 BP 911 13103 EP 915 13104 PG 5 13105 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13106 GA 970VB 13107 UT ISI:000232338600052 13108 ER 13109 13110 PT J 13111 AU Sowa, Y 13112 Rowe, AD 13113 Leake, MC 13114 Yakushi, T 13115 Homma, M 13116 Ishijima, A 13117 Berry, RM 13118 TI Direct observation of steps in rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor 13119 SO NATURE 13120 LA English 13121 DT Article 13122 ID TORQUE-GENERATING UNITS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ROTARY MOTOR; NA+-DRIVEN; 13123 VIBRIO-ALGINOLYTICUS; PROTONMOTIVE FORCE; F-1-ATPASE; MECHANISM; SPEED; 13124 ROTOR 13125 AB The bacterial flagellar motor is a rotary molecular machine that 13126 rotates the helical filaments that propel many species of swimming 13127 bacteria(1,2). The rotor is a set of rings up to 45 nm in diameter in 13128 the cytoplasmic membrane(3); the stator contains about ten 13129 torque-generating units anchored to the cell wall at the perimeter of 13130 the rotor(4,5). The free-energy source for the motor is an 13131 inward-directed electrochemical gradient of ions across the cytoplasmic 13132 membrane, the protonmotive force or sodium-motive force for H+-driven 13133 and Na+-driven motors, respectively. Here we demonstrate a stepping 13134 motion of a Na+-driven chimaeric flagellar motor in Escherichia coli(6) 13135 at low sodium-motive force and with controlled expression of a small 13136 number of torque-generating units. We observe 26 steps per revolution, 13137 which is consistent with the periodicity of the ring of FliG protein, 13138 the proposed site of torque generation on the rotor(7,8). Backwards 13139 steps despite the absence of the flagellar switching protein CheY 13140 indicate a small change in free energy per step, similar to that of a 13141 single ion transit. 13142 C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648603, Japan. 13143 Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. 13144 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648602, Japan. 13145 JST, PRESTO, Kawagoe, Saitama 3320012, Japan. 13146 RP Berry, RM, Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Chikusa Ku, 13147 Aichi 4648603, Japan. 13148 EM r.berry1@physics.ox.ac.uk 13149 NR 30 13150 TC 0 13151 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13152 PI LONDON 13153 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13154 SN 0028-0836 13155 J9 NATURE 13156 JI Nature 13157 PD OCT 6 13158 PY 2005 13159 VL 437 13160 IS 7060 13161 BP 916 13162 EP 919 13163 PG 4 13164 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13165 GA 970VB 13166 UT ISI:000232338600053 13167 ER 13168 13169 PT J 13170 AU Wingert, RA 13171 Galloway, JL 13172 Barut, B 13173 Foott, H 13174 Fraenkel, P 13175 Axe, JL 13176 Weber, GJ 13177 Dooley, K 13178 Davidson, AJ 13179 Schmid, B 13180 Paw, BH 13181 Shaw, GC 13182 Kingsley, P 13183 Palis, J 13184 Schubert, H 13185 Chen, O 13186 Kaplan, J 13187 Zon, LI 13188 CA Tubingen 2000 Screen Consortium 13189 TI Deficiency of glutaredoxin 5 reveals Fe-S clusters are required for 13190 vertebrate haem synthesis (vol 436, pg 1035, 2005) 13191 SO NATURE 13192 LA English 13193 DT Correction 13194 C1 Adolf Butenandt Inst, Dept Biochem, D-80336 Munich, Germany. 13195 NR 1 13196 TC 0 13197 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13198 PI LONDON 13199 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13200 SN 0028-0836 13201 J9 NATURE 13202 JI Nature 13203 PD OCT 6 13204 PY 2005 13205 VL 437 13206 IS 7060 13207 BP 920 13208 EP 920 13209 PG 1 13210 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13211 GA 970VB 13212 UT ISI:000232338600054 13213 ER 13214 13215 PT J 13216 AU Cramer, K 13217 TI Sandcastles: a dystopia - Caught up in a storm. 13218 SO NATURE 13219 LA English 13220 DT Editorial Material 13221 NR 0 13222 TC 0 13223 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13224 PI LONDON 13225 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13226 SN 0028-0836 13227 J9 NATURE 13228 JI Nature 13229 PD OCT 6 13230 PY 2005 13231 VL 437 13232 IS 7060 13233 BP 926 13234 EP 926 13235 PG 1 13236 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13237 GA 970VB 13238 UT ISI:000232338600055 13239 ER 13240 13241 PT J 13242 AU [Anon] 13243 TI Bridging the gulf 13244 SO NATURE 13245 LA English 13246 DT Editorial Material 13247 NR 1 13248 TC 0 13249 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13250 PI LONDON 13251 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13252 SN 0028-0836 13253 J9 NATURE 13254 JI Nature 13255 PD SEP 29 13256 PY 2005 13257 VL 437 13258 IS 7059 13259 BP 595 13260 EP 595 13261 PG 1 13262 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13263 GA 968JD 13264 UT ISI:000232157900001 13265 ER 13266 13267 PT J 13268 AU [Anon] 13269 TI A missed opportunity? 13270 SO NATURE 13271 LA English 13272 DT Editorial Material 13273 NR 0 13274 TC 0 13275 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13276 PI LONDON 13277 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13278 SN 0028-0836 13279 J9 NATURE 13280 JI Nature 13281 PD SEP 29 13282 PY 2005 13283 VL 437 13284 IS 7059 13285 BP 595 13286 EP 596 13287 PG 2 13288 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13289 GA 968JD 13290 UT ISI:000232157900002 13291 ER 13292 13293 PT J 13294 AU [Anon] 13295 TI Do or die for design 13296 SO NATURE 13297 LA English 13298 DT Editorial Material 13299 NR 1 13300 TC 0 13301 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13302 PI LONDON 13303 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13304 SN 0028-0836 13305 J9 NATURE 13306 JI Nature 13307 PD SEP 29 13308 PY 2005 13309 VL 437 13310 IS 7059 13311 BP 596 13312 EP 596 13313 PG 1 13314 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13315 GA 968JD 13316 UT ISI:000232157900003 13317 ER 13318 13319 PT J 13320 AU Dalton, R 13321 TI Scientists unite in bid to drive policy 13322 SO NATURE 13323 LA English 13324 DT News Item 13325 NR 0 13326 TC 0 13327 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13328 PI LONDON 13329 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13330 SN 0028-0836 13331 J9 NATURE 13332 JI Nature 13333 PD SEP 29 13334 PY 2005 13335 VL 437 13336 IS 7059 13337 BP 600 13338 EP 600 13339 PG 1 13340 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13341 GA 968JD 13342 UT ISI:000232157900004 13343 ER 13344 13345 PT J 13346 AU Marris, E 13347 TI Use of NIH funds placed under a spotlight 13348 SO NATURE 13349 LA English 13350 DT News Item 13351 NR 0 13352 TC 0 13353 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13354 PI LONDON 13355 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13356 SN 0028-0836 13357 J9 NATURE 13358 JI Nature 13359 PD SEP 29 13360 PY 2005 13361 VL 437 13362 IS 7059 13363 BP 601 13364 EP 601 13365 PG 1 13366 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13367 GA 968JD 13368 UT ISI:000232157900005 13369 ER 13370 13371 PT J 13372 AU Check, E 13373 TI Pioneering HIV treatment would use interference and gene therapy 13374 SO NATURE 13375 LA English 13376 DT News Item 13377 AB Scientists have unveiled plans to test an HIV treatment based on a 13378 much-toutedtechnique that hasn't yet been tried on people. The 13379 treatment is based on a mechanism called RNA interference. Scientists 13380 and the biotechnology industry believe the interference pathway is a 13381 tremendously promising target for a variety of therapies. 13382 NR 1 13383 TC 0 13384 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13385 PI LONDON 13386 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13387 SN 0028-0836 13388 J9 NATURE 13389 JI Nature 13390 PD SEP 29 13391 PY 2005 13392 VL 437 13393 IS 7059 13394 BP 601 13395 EP 601 13396 PG 1 13397 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13398 GA 968JD 13399 UT ISI:000232157900006 13400 ER 13401 13402 PT J 13403 AU [Anon] 13404 TI Snapshot - Judges fall for a leaf's star quality 13405 SO NATURE 13406 LA English 13407 DT News Item 13408 AB These are not orange starfish on the sea floor but tiny hairs on the 13409 undersideof a plant's leaf. Known as trichomes, the hairs help the leaf 13410 to fend off the attentions of hungry insects and parasites. This image, 13411 taken using a scanning electron microscope. 13412 NR 0 13413 TC 0 13414 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13415 PI LONDON 13416 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13417 SN 0028-0836 13418 J9 NATURE 13419 JI Nature 13420 PD SEP 29 13421 PY 2005 13422 VL 437 13423 IS 7059 13424 BP 602 13425 EP 602 13426 PG 1 13427 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13428 GA 968JD 13429 UT ISI:000232157900007 13430 ER 13431 13432 PT J 13433 AU Schiermeier, Q 13434 TI Europe tells Russia it faces HIV ruin 13435 SO NATURE 13436 LA English 13437 DT News Item 13438 AB Health experts from Europe and the United States have called on the 13439 Russian government to strengthen its fight against the country's 13440 dramatically worsening HIV and AIDS problem. The epidemic there is set 13441 to explode, posing a serious threat to the former superpower's social 13442 and economic welfare, and even its stability. 13443 NR 0 13444 TC 0 13445 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13446 PI LONDON 13447 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13448 SN 0028-0836 13449 J9 NATURE 13450 JI Nature 13451 PD SEP 29 13452 PY 2005 13453 VL 437 13454 IS 7059 13455 BP 602 13456 EP 602 13457 PG 1 13458 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13459 GA 968JD 13460 UT ISI:000232157900008 13461 ER 13462 13463 PT J 13464 AU Schiermeier, Q 13465 TI Political deadlock leaves scientists frustrated 13466 SO NATURE 13467 LA English 13468 DT News Item 13469 AB The political deadlock over the formation of the German Government has 13470 left scientists with little hope for more flexible regulations on 13471 stem-cell and biotechnology research. 13472 NR 1 13473 TC 0 13474 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13475 PI LONDON 13476 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13477 SN 0028-0836 13478 J9 NATURE 13479 JI Nature 13480 PD SEP 29 13481 PY 2005 13482 VL 437 13483 IS 7059 13484 BP 603 13485 EP 603 13486 PG 1 13487 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13488 GA 968JD 13489 UT ISI:000232157900009 13490 ER 13491 13492 PT J 13493 AU Reichhardt, T 13494 TI Science comes second as NASA makes lunar plans 13495 SO NATURE 13496 LA English 13497 DT News Item 13498 NR 0 13499 TC 0 13500 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13501 PI LONDON 13502 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13503 SN 0028-0836 13504 J9 NATURE 13505 JI Nature 13506 PD SEP 29 13507 PY 2005 13508 VL 437 13509 IS 7059 13510 BP 605 13511 EP 605 13512 PG 1 13513 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13514 GA 968JD 13515 UT ISI:000232157900010 13516 ER 13517 13518 PT J 13519 AU Wadman, M 13520 TI Cancer chief embraces top drugs job 13521 SO NATURE 13522 LA English 13523 DT News Item 13524 NR 3 13525 TC 0 13526 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13527 PI LONDON 13528 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13529 SN 0028-0836 13530 J9 NATURE 13531 JI Nature 13532 PD SEP 29 13533 PY 2005 13534 VL 437 13535 IS 7059 13536 BP 606 13537 EP 606 13538 PG 1 13539 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13540 GA 968JD 13541 UT ISI:000232157900011 13542 ER 13543 13544 PT J 13545 AU Schrope, M 13546 TI Into the eye of the storm 13547 SO NATURE 13548 LA English 13549 DT News Item 13550 AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducts 13551 reconnaissance flights to gather data on Hurricane Rita. 13552 NR 0 13553 TC 0 13554 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13555 PI LONDON 13556 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13557 SN 0028-0836 13558 J9 NATURE 13559 JI Nature 13560 PD SEP 29 13561 PY 2005 13562 VL 437 13563 IS 7059 13564 BP 607 13565 EP 607 13566 PG 1 13567 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13568 GA 968JD 13569 UT ISI:000232157900012 13570 ER 13571 13572 PT J 13573 AU Brumfiel, G 13574 TI School board in court over bid to teach intelligent design 13575 SO NATURE 13576 LA English 13577 DT News Item 13578 AB The high school board of Dover, Pennsylvania has begun legal 13579 preceedings to investigate if intelligent design should be taught as a 13580 viable scientific theoryand if it violates the required separation of 13581 church and state in lessons. 13582 NR 0 13583 TC 0 13584 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13585 PI LONDON 13586 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13587 SN 0028-0836 13588 J9 NATURE 13589 JI Nature 13590 PD SEP 29 13591 PY 2005 13592 VL 437 13593 IS 7059 13594 BP 607 13595 EP 607 13596 PG 1 13597 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13598 GA 968JD 13599 UT ISI:000232157900013 13600 ER 13601 13602 PT J 13603 AU [Anon] 13604 TI The nightmare before funding (vol 437, pg 308, 2005) 13605 SO NATURE 13606 LA English 13607 DT News Item 13608 NR 1 13609 TC 0 13610 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13611 PI LONDON 13612 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13613 SN 0028-0836 13614 J9 NATURE 13615 JI Nature 13616 PD SEP 29 13617 PY 2005 13618 VL 437 13619 IS 7059 13620 BP 609 13621 EP 609 13622 PG 1 13623 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13624 GA 968JD 13625 UT ISI:000232157900014 13626 ER 13627 13628 PT J 13629 AU Kanipe, J 13630 TI Mountain at the top 13631 SO NATURE 13632 LA English 13633 DT News Item 13634 NR 0 13635 TC 0 13636 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13637 PI LONDON 13638 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13639 SN 0028-0836 13640 J9 NATURE 13641 JI Nature 13642 PD SEP 29 13643 PY 2005 13644 VL 437 13645 IS 7059 13646 BP 610 13647 EP 611 13648 PG 2 13649 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13650 GA 968JD 13651 UT ISI:000232157900015 13652 ER 13653 13654 PT J 13655 AU Cooke, R 13656 TI Back to the bottom 13657 SO NATURE 13658 LA English 13659 DT News Item 13660 AB Marine scientists are getting ready for their newest tool, a versatile 13661 robot submersible that can travel into the oceans' deepest abyss. 13662 NR 3 13663 TC 0 13664 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13665 PI LONDON 13666 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13667 SN 0028-0836 13668 J9 NATURE 13669 JI Nature 13670 PD SEP 29 13671 PY 2005 13672 VL 437 13673 IS 7059 13674 BP 612 13675 EP 613 13676 PG 2 13677 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13678 GA 968JD 13679 UT ISI:000232157900016 13680 ER 13681 13682 PT J 13683 AU Odling-Smee, L 13684 TI Dollars and sense 13685 SO NATURE 13686 LA English 13687 DT News Item 13688 ID HOTSPOTS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY 13689 AB Approaches to conservation that seek to protect the most endangered 13690 species have had only mixed success. A new breed of conservationists 13691 say we should not concentrate exclusively on saving the rare and 13692 endangered or on protecting species diversity. 13693 NR 9 13694 TC 3 13695 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13696 PI LONDON 13697 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13698 SN 0028-0836 13699 J9 NATURE 13700 JI Nature 13701 PD SEP 29 13702 PY 2005 13703 VL 437 13704 IS 7059 13705 BP 614 13706 EP 616 13707 PG 3 13708 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13709 GA 968JD 13710 UT ISI:000232157900017 13711 ER 13712 13713 PT J 13714 AU Marris, E 13715 TI Taking quackery out of conservation 13716 SO NATURE 13717 LA English 13718 DT News Item 13719 AB In the past few years, efforts have been launched to make evaluation of 13720 conservation projects more rigorous and transparent. One such goal is 13721 to harmonize the terminology use. But measuring the effectiveness of a 13722 particular project isonly the start the data must be disseminated to be 13723 useful. 13724 NR 0 13725 TC 0 13726 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13727 PI LONDON 13728 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13729 SN 0028-0836 13730 J9 NATURE 13731 JI Nature 13732 PD SEP 29 13733 PY 2005 13734 VL 437 13735 IS 7059 13736 BP 616 13737 EP 616 13738 PG 1 13739 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13740 GA 968JD 13741 UT ISI:000232157900018 13742 ER 13743 13744 PT J 13745 AU Wadman, M 13746 TI Appetite downer awaits approval 13747 SO NATURE 13748 LA English 13749 DT News Item 13750 AB Pill that works by putting the hunger induced by cannabis into reverse 13751 could jump start a languishing market for obesity drugs. 13752 NR 3 13753 TC 0 13754 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13755 PI LONDON 13756 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13757 SN 0028-0836 13758 J9 NATURE 13759 JI Nature 13760 PD SEP 29 13761 PY 2005 13762 VL 437 13763 IS 7059 13764 BP 618 13765 EP 619 13766 PG 2 13767 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13768 GA 968JD 13769 UT ISI:000232157900019 13770 ER 13771 13772 PT J 13773 AU [Anon] 13774 TI Clean-energy stocks 13775 SO NATURE 13776 LA English 13777 DT News Item 13778 NR 0 13779 TC 0 13780 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13781 PI LONDON 13782 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13783 SN 0028-0836 13784 J9 NATURE 13785 JI Nature 13786 PD SEP 29 13787 PY 2005 13788 VL 437 13789 IS 7059 13790 BP 619 13791 EP 619 13792 PG 1 13793 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13794 GA 968JD 13795 UT ISI:000232157900020 13796 ER 13797 13798 PT J 13799 AU Atran, S 13800 Stern, J 13801 TI Small groups find fatal purpose through the web 13802 SO NATURE 13803 LA English 13804 DT Letter 13805 C1 Inst Jean Nicod, CNRS, F-75007 Paris, France. 13806 Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. 13807 Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 13808 RP Atran, S, Inst Jean Nicod, CNRS, 1 Bis Ave Lowendal, F-75007 Paris, 13809 France. 13810 NR 1 13811 TC 0 13812 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13813 PI LONDON 13814 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13815 SN 0028-0836 13816 J9 NATURE 13817 JI Nature 13818 PD SEP 29 13819 PY 2005 13820 VL 437 13821 IS 7059 13822 BP 630 13823 EP 630 13824 PG 1 13825 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13826 GA 968JD 13827 UT ISI:000232157900021 13828 ER 13829 13830 PT J 13831 AU Bennett, B 13832 TI Most radiation-related deaths happened in 1945 13833 SO NATURE 13834 LA English 13835 DT Letter 13836 C1 Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 7320815, Japan. 13837 RP Bennett, B, Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Minami Ku, 5-2 Hijiyama Pk, 13838 Hiroshima 7320815, Japan. 13839 NR 2 13840 TC 0 13841 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13842 PI LONDON 13843 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13844 SN 0028-0836 13845 J9 NATURE 13846 JI Nature 13847 PD SEP 29 13848 PY 2005 13849 VL 437 13850 IS 7059 13851 BP 630 13852 EP 630 13853 PG 1 13854 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13855 GA 968JD 13856 UT ISI:000232157900022 13857 ER 13858 13859 PT J 13860 AU Feder, N 13861 TI Public disclosure could deter conflicts of interest 13862 SO NATURE 13863 LA English 13864 DT Letter 13865 C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. 13866 RP Feder, N, NIH, 2 Democracy Plaza, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. 13867 NR 1 13868 TC 0 13869 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13870 PI LONDON 13871 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13872 SN 0028-0836 13873 J9 NATURE 13874 JI Nature 13875 PD SEP 29 13876 PY 2005 13877 VL 437 13878 IS 7059 13879 BP 630 13880 EP 630 13881 PG 1 13882 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13883 GA 968JD 13884 UT ISI:000232157900023 13885 ER 13886 13887 PT J 13888 AU Paul, D 13889 TI Race to the finish: Identity and governance in an age of genomics 13890 SO NATURE 13891 LA English 13892 DT Book Review 13893 C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polit Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. 13894 RP Paul, D, Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polit Sci, 100 Morrissey Blvd, 13895 Boston, MA 02125 USA. 13896 NR 1 13897 TC 0 13898 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13899 PI LONDON 13900 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13901 SN 0028-0836 13902 J9 NATURE 13903 JI Nature 13904 PD SEP 29 13905 PY 2005 13906 VL 437 13907 IS 7059 13908 BP 621 13909 EP 622 13910 PG 2 13911 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13912 GA 968JD 13913 UT ISI:000232157900024 13914 ER 13915 13916 PT J 13917 AU Stevens, C 13918 TI The war of the soups and the sparks: The discovery of neurotransmitters 13919 and the dispute over how nerves communicate 13920 SO NATURE 13921 LA English 13922 DT Book Review 13923 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. 13924 RP Stevens, C, Salk Inst Biol Studies, POB 85800, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. 13925 NR 1 13926 TC 0 13927 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13928 PI LONDON 13929 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13930 SN 0028-0836 13931 J9 NATURE 13932 JI Nature 13933 PD SEP 29 13934 PY 2005 13935 VL 437 13936 IS 7059 13937 BP 622 13938 EP 622 13939 PG 1 13940 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13941 GA 968JD 13942 UT ISI:000232157900025 13943 ER 13944 13945 PT J 13946 AU Hartmann, WK 13947 TI The planets 13948 SO NATURE 13949 LA English 13950 DT Book Review 13951 C1 Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. 13952 RP Hartmann, WK, Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, 13953 Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. 13954 NR 1 13955 TC 0 13956 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13957 PI LONDON 13958 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13959 SN 0028-0836 13960 J9 NATURE 13961 JI Nature 13962 PD SEP 29 13963 PY 2005 13964 VL 437 13965 IS 7059 13966 BP 623 13967 EP 623 13968 PG 1 13969 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13970 GA 968JD 13971 UT ISI:000232157900026 13972 ER 13973 13974 PT J 13975 AU Anderson, PW 13976 TI Thinking big 13977 SO NATURE 13978 LA English 13979 DT Editorial Material 13980 C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 13981 RP Anderson, PW, Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 13982 NR 0 13983 TC 0 13984 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 13985 PI LONDON 13986 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 13987 SN 0028-0836 13988 J9 NATURE 13989 JI Nature 13990 PD SEP 29 13991 PY 2005 13992 VL 437 13993 IS 7059 13994 BP 625 13995 EP 625 13996 PG 1 13997 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 13998 GA 968JD 13999 UT ISI:000232157900027 14000 ER 14001 14002 PT J 14003 AU Bonetta, D 14004 McCourt, P 14005 TI Plant biology - A receptor for gibberellin 14006 SO NATURE 14007 LA English 14008 DT Editorial Material 14009 ID BOX PROTEIN TIR1; INDUCED DEGRADATION; GREEN-REVOLUTION; AUXIN 14010 RECEPTOR; GENE ENCODES; MUTANT; PATHWAY; RGA 14011 C1 Univ Ontario Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada. 14012 Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. 14013 RP Bonetta, D, Univ Ontario Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, 14014 Canada. 14015 EM dario.bonetta@uoit.ca 14016 mccourt@botany.utoronto.ca 14017 NR 13 14018 TC 0 14019 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14020 PI LONDON 14021 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14022 SN 0028-0836 14023 J9 NATURE 14024 JI Nature 14025 PD SEP 29 14026 PY 2005 14027 VL 437 14028 IS 7059 14029 BP 627 14030 EP 628 14031 PG 2 14032 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14033 GA 968JD 14034 UT ISI:000232157900028 14035 ER 14036 14037 PT J 14038 AU Levy, M 14039 TI Oceanography - Nutrients in remote mode 14040 SO NATURE 14041 LA English 14042 DT Editorial Material 14043 C1 Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Oceanog & Climatol Experimentat & Anal Numer, F-75252 Paris, France. 14044 RP Levy, M, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Oceanog & Climatol Experimentat 14045 & Anal Numer, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. 14046 EM marina@lodyc.jussieu.fr 14047 NR 6 14048 TC 0 14049 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14050 PI LONDON 14051 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14052 SN 0028-0836 14053 J9 NATURE 14054 JI Nature 14055 PD SEP 29 14056 PY 2005 14057 VL 437 14058 IS 7059 14059 BP 628 14060 EP + 14061 PG 3 14062 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14063 GA 968JD 14064 UT ISI:000232157900029 14065 ER 14066 14067 PT J 14068 AU Webb, R 14069 TI Fluid dynamics - Let us spray 14070 SO NATURE 14071 LA English 14072 DT Editorial Material 14073 NR 1 14074 TC 0 14075 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14076 PI LONDON 14077 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14078 SN 0028-0836 14079 J9 NATURE 14080 JI Nature 14081 PD SEP 29 14082 PY 2005 14083 VL 437 14084 IS 7059 14085 BP 629 14086 EP 629 14087 PG 1 14088 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14089 GA 968JD 14090 UT ISI:000232157900030 14091 ER 14092 14093 PT J 14094 AU Eldar, A 14095 Elowitz, M 14096 TI Systems biology - Deviations in mating 14097 SO NATURE 14098 LA English 14099 DT Editorial Material 14100 ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SINGLE-CELL 14101 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 14102 CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 14103 RP Eldar, A, CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 14104 EM melowitz@caltech.edu 14105 NR 6 14106 TC 0 14107 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14108 PI LONDON 14109 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14110 SN 0028-0836 14111 J9 NATURE 14112 JI Nature 14113 PD SEP 29 14114 PY 2005 14115 VL 437 14116 IS 7059 14117 BP 631 14118 EP 632 14119 PG 2 14120 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14121 GA 968JD 14122 UT ISI:000232157900031 14123 ER 14124 14125 PT J 14126 AU Gies, H 14127 TI Materials science - Pore show 14128 SO NATURE 14129 LA English 14130 DT Editorial Material 14131 C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. 14132 RP Gies, H, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, 14133 Germany. 14134 EM Hermann.Gies@ruhr-uni-bochum.de 14135 NR 6 14136 TC 0 14137 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14138 PI LONDON 14139 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14140 SN 0028-0836 14141 J9 NATURE 14142 JI Nature 14143 PD SEP 29 14144 PY 2005 14145 VL 437 14146 IS 7059 14147 BP 633 14148 EP 633 14149 PG 1 14150 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14151 GA 968JD 14152 UT ISI:000232157900032 14153 ER 14154 14155 PT J 14156 AU Milne, S 14157 Hinde, R 14158 TI Joseph Rotblat 1908-2005 - Physicist who committed his life to the 14159 cause of nuclear disarmament. Obituary 14160 SO NATURE 14161 LA English 14162 DT Biographical-Item 14163 C1 Pugwash UK, Execut Comm, London WC1B 3BJ, England. 14164 RP Milne, S, Pugwash UK, Execut Comm, 63A Great Russell St, London WC1B 14165 3BJ, England. 14166 EM pugwash@mac.com 14167 NR 0 14168 TC 0 14169 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14170 PI LONDON 14171 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14172 SN 0028-0836 14173 J9 NATURE 14174 JI Nature 14175 PD SEP 29 14176 PY 2005 14177 VL 437 14178 IS 7059 14179 BP 634 14180 EP 634 14181 PG 1 14182 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14183 GA 968JD 14184 UT ISI:000232157900033 14185 ER 14186 14187 PT J 14188 AU Khaldoun, A 14189 Eiser, E 14190 Wegdam, GH 14191 Bonn, D 14192 TI Liquefaction of quicksand under stress - A person trapped in salt-lake 14193 quicksand is not in any danger of being sucked under completely. 14194 SO NATURE 14195 LA English 14196 DT Editorial Material 14197 C1 Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. 14198 Univ Amsterdam, HIMS, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. 14199 Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, F-75231 Paris, France. 14200 RP Khaldoun, A, Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, Kruislaan 403, 14201 NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. 14202 EM bonn@science.uva.nl 14203 NR 7 14204 TC 0 14205 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14206 PI LONDON 14207 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14208 SN 0028-0836 14209 J9 NATURE 14210 JI Nature 14211 PD SEP 29 14212 PY 2005 14213 VL 437 14214 IS 7059 14215 BP 635 14216 EP 635 14217 PG 1 14218 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14219 GA 968JD 14220 UT ISI:000232157900034 14221 ER 14222 14223 PT J 14224 AU Griffith, S 14225 Goldwater, D 14226 Jacobson, JM 14227 TI Robotics - Self-replication from random parts 14228 SO NATURE 14229 LA English 14230 DT Editorial Material 14231 C1 MIT, Media Lab, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 14232 RP Griffith, S, MIT, Media Lab, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 14233 EM jacobson@media.mit.edu 14234 NR 10 14235 TC 0 14236 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14237 PI LONDON 14238 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14239 SN 0028-0836 14240 J9 NATURE 14241 JI Nature 14242 PD SEP 29 14243 PY 2005 14244 VL 437 14245 IS 7059 14246 BP 636 14247 EP 636 14248 PG 1 14249 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14250 GA 968JD 14251 UT ISI:000232157900035 14252 ER 14253 14254 PT J 14255 AU Allara, DL 14256 TI A perspective on surfaces and interfaces 14257 SO NATURE 14258 LA English 14259 DT Editorial Material 14260 ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS 14261 C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 14262 RP Allara, DL, Penn State Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Chem, 206 Chem Bldg, 14263 University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 14264 EM dla3@psu.edu 14265 NR 5 14266 TC 0 14267 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14268 PI LONDON 14269 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14270 SN 0028-0836 14271 J9 NATURE 14272 JI Nature 14273 PD SEP 29 14274 PY 2005 14275 VL 437 14276 IS 7059 14277 BP 638 14278 EP 639 14279 PG 2 14280 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14281 GA 968JD 14282 UT ISI:000232157900036 14283 ER 14284 14285 PT J 14286 AU Chandler, D 14287 TI Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly 14288 SO NATURE 14289 LA English 14290 DT Review 14291 ID FREE-ENERGIES; LIQUID WATER; HYDRATION; SOLVATION; MODEL; SIMULATION; 14292 SOLUTES; CONVERGENCE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION 14293 AB The hydrophobic effect - the tendency for oil and water to segregate - 14294 is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of laundry, to the 14295 creation of micro-emulsions to make new materials, to the assembly of 14296 proteins into functional complexes. This effect is multifaceted 14297 depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or 14298 driven to assemble into larger structures. Despite the basic principles 14299 underlying the hydrophobic effect being qualitatively well understood, 14300 only recently have theoretical developments begun to explain and 14301 quantify many features of this ubiquitous phenomenon. 14302 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 14303 RP Chandler, D, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 14304 EM chandler@cchem.berkeley.edu 14305 NR 68 14306 TC 0 14307 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14308 PI LONDON 14309 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14310 SN 0028-0836 14311 J9 NATURE 14312 JI Nature 14313 PD SEP 29 14314 PY 2005 14315 VL 437 14316 IS 7059 14317 BP 640 14318 EP 647 14319 PG 8 14320 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14321 GA 968JD 14322 UT ISI:000232157900037 14323 ER 14324 14325 PT J 14326 AU Atencia, J 14327 Beebe, DJ 14328 TI Controlled microfluidic interfaces 14329 SO NATURE 14330 LA English 14331 DT Review 14332 ID MONODISPERSE DOUBLE EMULSIONS; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; ON-A-CHIP; 14333 LAMINAR-FLOW; MICROFABRICATED DEVICE; IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS; ACTIVE 14334 CONTROL; METAL-IONS; T-SENSOR; MICROCHANNELS 14335 C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. 14336 RP Beebe, DJ, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, 1550 Engn Dr,Rm 2142 ECB, 14337 Madison, WI 53706 USA. 14338 EM djbeebe@wisc.edu 14339 NR 94 14340 TC 0 14341 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14342 PI LONDON 14343 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14344 SN 0028-0836 14345 J9 NATURE 14346 JI Nature 14347 PD SEP 29 14348 PY 2005 14349 VL 437 14350 IS 7059 14351 BP 648 14352 EP 655 14353 PG 8 14354 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14355 GA 968JD 14356 UT ISI:000232157900038 14357 ER 14358 14359 PT J 14360 AU Tanaka, M 14361 Sackmann, E 14362 TI Polymer-supported membranes as models of the cell surface 14363 SO NATURE 14364 LA English 14365 DT Review 14366 ID LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; TIN-OXIDE ELECTRODES; HUMAN 14367 ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; 14368 ULTRATHIN FILMS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES; 14369 NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; LATERAL DIFFUSION 14370 AB Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used 14371 as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial 14372 materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin 14373 polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular 14374 matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic 14375 chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to 14376 supported membranes. This results in sophisticated interfaces that can 14377 be used to control, organize and study the properties and function of 14378 membranes and membrane-associated proteins. Particularly exciting 14379 opportunities arise when these systems are coupled with advanced 14380 semiconductor technology. 14381 C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. 14382 RP Tanaka, M, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 14383 EM mtanaka@ph.tum.de 14384 NR 87 14385 TC 0 14386 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14387 PI LONDON 14388 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14389 SN 0028-0836 14390 J9 NATURE 14391 JI Nature 14392 PD SEP 29 14393 PY 2005 14394 VL 437 14395 IS 7059 14396 BP 656 14397 EP 663 14398 PG 8 14399 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14400 GA 968JD 14401 UT ISI:000232157900039 14402 ER 14403 14404 PT J 14405 AU Yin, Y 14406 Alivisatos, AP 14407 TI Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface 14408 SO NATURE 14409 LA English 14410 DT Review 14411 ID ORIENTED ATTACHMENT MECHANISM; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM RODS; CDSE 14412 NANOCRYSTALS; CONTROLLED GROWTH; SELECTIVE GROWTH; SHAPE-CONTROL; 14413 SOLAR-CELLS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; DOTS 14414 AB Colloidal nanocrystals are solution-grown, nanometre-sized, inorganic 14415 particles that are stabilized by a layer of surfactants attached to 14416 their surface. The inorganic cores possess useful properties that are 14417 controlled by their composition, size and shape, and the surfactant 14418 coating ensures that these structures are easy to fabricate and process 14419 further into more complex structures. This combination of features 14420 makes colloidal nanocrystals attractive and promising building blocks 14421 for advanced materials and devices. Chemists are achieving ever more 14422 exquisite control over the composition, size, shape, crystal structure 14423 and surface properties of nanocrystals, thus setting the stage for 14424 fully exploiting the potential of these remarkable materials. 14425 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 14426 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 14427 RP Alivisatos, AP, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 14428 EM alivis@berkeley.edu 14429 NR 62 14430 TC 0 14431 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14432 PI LONDON 14433 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14434 SN 0028-0836 14435 J9 NATURE 14436 JI Nature 14437 PD SEP 29 14438 PY 2005 14439 VL 437 14440 IS 7059 14441 BP 664 14442 EP 670 14443 PG 7 14444 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14445 GA 968JD 14446 UT ISI:000232157900040 14447 ER 14448 14449 PT J 14450 AU Barth, JV 14451 Costantini, G 14452 Kern, K 14453 TI Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces 14454 SO NATURE 14455 LA English 14456 DT Review 14457 ID QUANTUM-DOT MOLECULES; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; METAL-SURFACES; 14458 MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; 14459 SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES; MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES; 14460 SELF-ORGANIZATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; ARTIFICIAL ATOMS 14461 AB The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been 14462 refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their 14463 fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller 14464 functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering 14465 and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined 14466 surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite 14467 control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the 14468 surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the 14469 self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and 14470 growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface 14471 nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials. 14472 C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. 14473 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. 14474 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. 14475 Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. 14476 RP Kern, K, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 14477 Lausanne, Switzerland. 14478 EM k.kern@fkf.mpg.de 14479 NR 96 14480 TC 0 14481 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14482 PI LONDON 14483 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14484 SN 0028-0836 14485 J9 NATURE 14486 JI Nature 14487 PD SEP 29 14488 PY 2005 14489 VL 437 14490 IS 7059 14491 BP 671 14492 EP 679 14493 PG 9 14494 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14495 GA 968JD 14496 UT ISI:000232157900041 14497 ER 14498 14499 PT J 14500 AU Orr, JC 14501 Fabry, VJ 14502 Aumont, O 14503 Bopp, L 14504 Doney, SC 14505 Feely, RA 14506 Gnanadesikan, A 14507 Gruber, N 14508 Ishida, A 14509 Joos, F 14510 Key, RM 14511 Lindsay, K 14512 Maier-Reimer, E 14513 Matear, R 14514 Monfray, P 14515 Mouchet, A 14516 Najjar, RG 14517 Plattner, GK 14518 Rodgers, KB 14519 Sabine, CL 14520 Sarmiento, JL 14521 Schlitzer, R 14522 Slater, RD 14523 Totterdell, IJ 14524 Weirig, MF 14525 Yamanaka, Y 14526 Yool, A 14527 TI Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its 14528 impact on calcifying organisms 14529 SO NATURE 14530 LA English 14531 DT Article 14532 ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; TERRA-NOVA BAY; ROSS 14533 SEA; ARAGONITE PRODUCTION; PACIFIC SECTOR; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VERTICAL 14534 FLUX; CO2; ANTARCTICA 14535 AB Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, 14536 but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing 14537 ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of 14538 calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if 14539 these trends continue, key marine organisms - such as corals and some 14540 plankton - will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium 14541 carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean - carbon cycle 14542 to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 14543 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic 14544 carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will 14545 begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable 14546 form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this 14547 undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and 14548 into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to 14549 our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard 14550 experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our 14551 findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude 14552 ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested 14553 previously. 14554 C1 CEA Saclay, UMR CEA CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 14555 Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. 14556 Ctr IRD Bretagne, LOCEAN, F-29280 Plouzane, France. 14557 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. 14558 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. 14559 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. 14560 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 14561 Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. 14562 Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. 14563 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 14564 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. 14565 Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. 14566 CSIRO, Marine Res & Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. 14567 Univ Liege, Astrophys & Geophys Inst, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. 14568 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. 14569 Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris, France. 14570 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. 14571 Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. 14572 RP Orr, JC, CEA Saclay, UMR CEA CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 14573 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 14574 EM orr@cea.fr 14575 NR 49 14576 TC 0 14577 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14578 PI LONDON 14579 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14580 SN 0028-0836 14581 J9 NATURE 14582 JI Nature 14583 PD SEP 29 14584 PY 2005 14585 VL 437 14586 IS 7059 14587 BP 681 14588 EP 686 14589 PG 6 14590 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14591 GA 968JD 14592 UT ISI:000232157900042 14593 ER 14594 14595 PT J 14596 AU Palter, JB 14597 Lozier, MS 14598 Barber, RT 14599 TI The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic 14600 subtropical gyre 14601 SO NATURE 14602 LA English 14603 DT Article 14604 ID SARGASSO SEA; OPEN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; CIRCULATION; WATER 14605 AB Though critically important in sustaining the ocean's biological pump, 14606 the cycling of nutrients in the subtropical gyres is poorly understood. 14607 The supply of nutrients to the sunlit surface layer of the ocean has 14608 traditionally been attributed solely to vertical processes. However, 14609 horizontal advection may also be important in establishing the 14610 availability of nutrients. Here we show that the production and 14611 advection of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water introduces spatial 14612 and temporal variability in the subsurface nutrient reservoir beneath 14613 the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. As the mode water is formed, its 14614 nutrients are depleted by biological utilization. When the depleted 14615 water mass is exported to the gyre, it injects a wedge of low-nutrient 14616 water into the upper layers of the ocean. Contrary to intuition, cold 14617 winters that promote deep convective mixing and vigorous mode water 14618 formation may diminish downstream primary productivity by altering the 14619 subsurface delivery of nutrients. 14620 C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. 14621 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Coastal Syst Sci & Policy, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. 14622 RP Palter, JB, Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & 14623 Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. 14624 EM jbp3@duke.edu 14625 NR 32 14626 TC 1 14627 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14628 PI LONDON 14629 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14630 SN 0028-0836 14631 J9 NATURE 14632 JI Nature 14633 PD SEP 29 14634 PY 2005 14635 VL 437 14636 IS 7059 14637 BP 687 14638 EP 692 14639 PG 6 14640 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14641 GA 968JD 14642 UT ISI:000232157900043 14643 ER 14644 14645 PT J 14646 AU Ueguchi-Tanaka, M 14647 Ashikari, M 14648 Nakajima, M 14649 Itoh, H 14650 Katoh, E 14651 Kobayashi, M 14652 Chow, TY 14653 Hsing, YIC 14654 Kitano, H 14655 Yamaguchi, I 14656 Matsuoka, M 14657 TI GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 encodes a soluble receptor for 14658 gibberellin 14659 SO NATURE 14660 LA English 14661 DT Article 14662 ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SLENDER RICE1; PROTEIN; 14663 PATHWAY; MUTANT; GENE; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; ALEURONE 14664 AB Gibberellins ( GAs) are phytohormones that are essential for many 14665 developmental processes in plants. It has been postulated that plants 14666 have both membrane-bound and soluble GA receptors; however, no GA 14667 receptors have yet been identified. Here we report the isolation and 14668 characterization of a new GA-insensitive dwarf mutant of rice, gid1. 14669 The GID1 gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the 14670 hormone-sensitive lipases, and we observed preferential localization of 14671 a GID1 - green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in nuclei. Recombinant 14672 glutathione S-transferase (GST) - GID1 had a high affinity only for 14673 biologically active GAs, whereas mutated GST - GID1 corresponding to 14674 three gid1 alleles had no GA-binding affinity. The dissociation 14675 constant for GA(4) was estimated to be around 10(-7) M, enough to 14676 account for the GA dependency of shoot elongation. Moreover, GID1 bound 14677 to SLR1, a rice DELLA protein, in a GA-dependent manner in yeast cells. 14678 GID1 overexpression resulted in a GA-hypersensitive phenotype. 14679 Together, our results indicate that GID1 is a soluble receptor 14680 mediating GA signalling in rice. 14681 C1 Nagoya Univ, Biosci & Biotechnol Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. 14682 Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. 14683 Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Dept Biochem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. 14684 RIKEN, Bioresources Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan. 14685 Acad Sinica, Inst Bot, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. 14686 Univ Tokyo, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. 14687 RP Matsuoka, M, Nagoya Univ, Biosci & Biotechnol Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 14688 4648601, Japan. 14689 EM makoto@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp 14690 NR 31 14691 TC 1 14692 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14693 PI LONDON 14694 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14695 SN 0028-0836 14696 J9 NATURE 14697 JI Nature 14698 PD SEP 29 14699 PY 2005 14700 VL 437 14701 IS 7059 14702 BP 693 14703 EP 698 14704 PG 6 14705 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14706 GA 968JD 14707 UT ISI:000232157900044 14708 ER 14709 14710 PT J 14711 AU Colman-Lerner, A 14712 Gordon, A 14713 Serra, E 14714 Chin, T 14715 Resnekov, O 14716 Endy, D 14717 Pesce, CG 14718 Brent, R 14719 TI Regulated cell-to-cell variation in a cell-fate decision system 14720 SO NATURE 14721 LA English 14722 DT Article 14723 ID KINASE SIGNALING SPECIFICITY; EUKARYOTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; 14724 SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; C-ELEGANS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PHEROMONE 14725 RESPONSE; PROTEIN-KINASE; SINGLE-CELL; YEAST; NOISE 14726 AB Here we studied the quantitative behaviour and cell-to-cell variability 14727 of a prototypical eukaryotic cell-fate decision system, the mating 14728 pheromone response pathway in yeast. We dissected and measured sources 14729 of variation in system output, analysing thousands of individual, 14730 genetically identical cells. Only a small proportion of total 14731 cell-to-cell variation is caused by random fluctuations in gene 14732 transcription and translation during the response ('expression noise'). 14733 Instead, variation is dominated by differences in the capacity of 14734 individual cells to transmit signals through the pathway ('pathway 14735 capacity') and to express proteins from genes ('expression capacity'). 14736 Cells with high expression capacity express proteins at a higher rate 14737 and increase in volume more rapidly. Our results identify two 14738 mechanisms that regulate cell-to-cell variation in pathway capacity. 14739 First, the MAP kinase Fus3 suppresses variation at high pheromone 14740 levels, while the MAP kinase Kss1 enhances variation at low pheromone 14741 levels. Second, pathway capacity and expression capacity are negatively 14742 correlated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that allows cells to 14743 respond more precisely to pheromone in the presence of a large 14744 variation in expression capacity. 14745 C1 Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. 14746 MIT, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 14747 RP Gordon, A, Inst Mol Sci, 2168 Shattuck Ave, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. 14748 EM gordon@molsci.org 14749 brent@molsci.org 14750 NR 38 14751 TC 1 14752 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14753 PI LONDON 14754 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14755 SN 0028-0836 14756 J9 NATURE 14757 JI Nature 14758 PD SEP 29 14759 PY 2005 14760 VL 437 14761 IS 7059 14762 BP 699 14763 EP 706 14764 PG 8 14765 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14766 GA 968JD 14767 UT ISI:000232157900045 14768 ER 14769 14770 PT J 14771 AU Dekel, A 14772 Stoehr, F 14773 Mamon, GA 14774 Cox, TJ 14775 Novak, GS 14776 Primack, JR 14777 TI Lost and found dark matter in elliptical galaxies 14778 SO NATURE 14779 LA English 14780 DT Article 14781 ID CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; 14782 KINEMATICAL DATA; DYNAMICS; CONDENSATION; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; PROFILE; 14783 DEARTH 14784 AB There is strong evidence that the mass of the Universe is dominated by 14785 dark matter, which exerts gravitational attraction but whose exact 14786 nature is unknown. In particular, all galaxies are believed to be 14787 embedded in massive haloes of dark matter(1,2). This view has recently 14788 been challenged by the observation of surprisingly low random stellar 14789 velocities in the outskirts of ordinary elliptical galaxies, which has 14790 been interpreted as indicating a lack of dark matter(3,4). Here we show 14791 that the low velocities are in fact compatible with galaxy formation in 14792 dark-matter haloes. Using numerical simulations of disk-galaxy 14793 mergers(5,6), we find that the stellar orbits in the outer regions of 14794 the resulting ellipticals are very elongated. These stars were torn by 14795 tidal forces from their original galaxies during the first close 14796 passage and put on outgoing trajectories. The elongated orbits, 14797 combined with the steeply falling density profile of the observed 14798 tracers, explain the observed low velocities even in the presence of 14799 large amounts of dark matter. Projection effects when viewing a 14800 triaxial elliptical can lead to even lower observed velocities along 14801 certain lines of sight. 14802 C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. 14803 Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. 14804 Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France. 14805 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. 14806 Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. 14807 RP Dekel, A, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, 14808 Israel. 14809 EM dekel@phys.huji.ac.il 14810 NR 30 14811 TC 0 14812 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14813 PI LONDON 14814 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14815 SN 0028-0836 14816 J9 NATURE 14817 JI Nature 14818 PD SEP 29 14819 PY 2005 14820 VL 437 14821 IS 7059 14822 BP 707 14823 EP 710 14824 PG 4 14825 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14826 GA 968JD 14827 UT ISI:000232157900046 14828 ER 14829 14830 PT J 14831 AU Rolles, D 14832 Braune, M 14833 Cvejanovic, S 14834 Gessner, O 14835 Hentges, R 14836 Korica, S 14837 Langer, B 14838 Lischke, T 14839 Prumper, G 14840 Reinkoster, A 14841 Viefhaus, J 14842 Zimmermann, BR 14843 McKoy, V 14844 Becker, U 14845 TI Isotope-induced partial localization of core electrons in the 14846 homonuclear molecule N-2 14847 SO NATURE 14848 LA English 14849 DT Article 14850 ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; GERADE SYMMETRY-BREAKING; K-SHELL 14851 PHOTOIONIZATION; SHAPE RESONANCES; IONIZATION; DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; 14852 TRANSITION; EMISSION 14853 AB Because of inversion symmetry and particle exchange, all constituents 14854 of homonuclear diatomic molecules are in a quantum mechanically 14855 non-local coherent state; this includes the nuclei and deep-lying core 14856 electrons. Hence, the molecular photoemission can be regarded as a 14857 natural double-slit experiment(1): coherent electron emission 14858 originates from two identical sites, and should give rise to 14859 characteristic interference patterns(2). However, the quantum coherence 14860 is obscured if the two possible symmetry states of the electronic 14861 wavefunction ('gerade' and 'ungerade') are degenerate; the sum of the 14862 two exactly resembles the distinguishable, incoherent emission from two 14863 localized core sites. Here we observe the coherence of core electrons 14864 in N-2 through a direct measurement of the interference exhibited in 14865 their emission. We also explore the gradual transition to a 14866 symmetry-broken system of localized electrons by comparing different 14867 isotope-substituted species - a phenomenon analogous to the acquisition 14868 of partial 'which-way' information in macroscopic double-slit 14869 experiments(3). 14870 C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. 14871 Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. 14872 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. 14873 RP Becker, U, Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. 14874 EM becker_u@fhi-berlin.mpg.de 14875 NR 33 14876 TC 0 14877 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14878 PI LONDON 14879 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14880 SN 0028-0836 14881 J9 NATURE 14882 JI Nature 14883 PD SEP 29 14884 PY 2005 14885 VL 437 14886 IS 7059 14887 BP 711 14888 EP 715 14889 PG 5 14890 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14891 GA 968JD 14892 UT ISI:000232157900047 14893 ER 14894 14895 PT J 14896 AU Zou, XD 14897 Conradsson, T 14898 Klingstedt, M 14899 Dadachov, MS 14900 O'Keeffe, M 14901 TI A mesoporous germanium oxide with crystalline pore walls and its chiral 14902 derivative 14903 SO NATURE 14904 LA English 14905 DT Article 14906 ID MOLECULAR-SIEVE; CHANNELS; SURFACES; DENSITY; SILICA 14907 AB Microporous oxides are inorganic materials with wide applications in 14908 separations, ion exchange and catalysis(1-3). In such materials, an 14909 important determinant of pore size is the number of M ( where M = Si, 14910 Ge and so on) atoms in the rings delineating the channels(1). The 14911 important faujasite structure exhibits 12-ring structures while those 14912 of zeolites(4,5), germanates(6-8) and other(8) materials can be much 14913 larger. Recent attention has focused on mesoporous materials with 14914 larger pores of nanometre scale(9-11); however, with the exception of 14915 an inorganic - organic hybrid(12), these have amorphous pore walls, 14916 limiting many applications. Chiral porous oxides are particularly 14917 desirable for enantioselective sorption and catalysis(13). However, 14918 they are very rare in microporous(14,15) and mesoporous(16) materials. 14919 Here we describe a mesoporous germanium oxide, SU-M, with gyroidal 14920 channels separated by crystalline walls that lie about the G ( gyroid) 14921 minimal surface as in the mesoporous MCM-48 (ref. 9). It has the 14922 largest primitive cell and lowest framework density of any inorganic 14923 material and channels that are defined by 30-rings. One of the two 14924 gyroidal channel systems of SU-M can be filled with additional oxide, 14925 resulting in a mesoporous crystal (SU-MB) with chiral channels. 14926 C1 Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 14927 Corpuscular Inc, Mahopac, NY 10541 USA. 14928 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. 14929 RP Zou, XD, Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 14930 EM zou@struc.su.se 14931 NR 29 14932 TC 1 14933 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14934 PI LONDON 14935 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14936 SN 0028-0836 14937 J9 NATURE 14938 JI Nature 14939 PD SEP 29 14940 PY 2005 14941 VL 437 14942 IS 7059 14943 BP 716 14944 EP 719 14945 PG 4 14946 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 14947 GA 968JD 14948 UT ISI:000232157900048 14949 ER 14950 14951 PT J 14952 AU Elbelrhiti, H 14953 Claudin, P 14954 Andreotti, B 14955 TI Field evidence for surface-wave-induced instability of sand dunes 14956 SO NATURE 14957 LA English 14958 DT Article 14959 ID BARCHAN DUNES; DYNAMICS; MODEL; WIND 14960 AB Field studies of barchans - crescent- shaped dunes that propagate over 14961 solid ground under conditions of unidirectional wind(1) - have long 14962 focused on the investigation of an equilibrium between sand transport 14963 by wind and the control of air flow by dune topography(2-4), which are 14964 thought to control dune morphology and kinematics(5-7). Because of the 14965 long timescale involved, however, the underlying dynamic processes 14966 responsible for the evolution of dune fields remain poorly 14967 understood(8). Here we combine data from a three-year field study in 14968 the Moroccan Sahara with a model study to show that barchans are 14969 fundamentally unstable and do not necessarily behave like stable 14970 solitary waves, as suggested previously(9-12). We find that dune 14971 collisions and changes in wind direction destabilize the dunes and 14972 generate surface waves on the barchans. Because the resulting surface 14973 waves propagate at a higher speed than the dunes themselves, they can 14974 produce a series of new barchans of elementary size by breaking the 14975 horns of large dunes. The creation of these new dunes provides a 14976 mechanism for sand loss that prevents dune fields from merging into a 14977 single giant dune and therefore plays a fundamental role in the control 14978 of size selection and the development of dune patterns. 14979 C1 Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, CNRS, UMR 7636, F-75005 Paris, France. 14980 Univ Ibn Zohr, Dept Geol, Agadir 80000, Morocco. 14981 RP Andreotti, B, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, CNRS, UMR 7636, 10 14982 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France. 14983 EM andreotti@pmmh.espci.fr 14984 NR 18 14985 TC 0 14986 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 14987 PI LONDON 14988 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 14989 SN 0028-0836 14990 J9 NATURE 14991 JI Nature 14992 PD SEP 29 14993 PY 2005 14994 VL 437 14995 IS 7059 14996 BP 720 14997 EP 723 14998 PG 4 14999 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15000 GA 968JD 15001 UT ISI:000232157900049 15002 ER 15003 15004 PT J 15005 AU Kessel, R 15006 Schmidt, MW 15007 Ulmer, P 15008 Pettke, T 15009 TI Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and 15010 supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth 15011 SO NATURE 15012 LA English 15013 DT Article 15014 ID HIGH-PRESSURE EXPERIMENTS; PHASE-RELATIONS; UPPER-MANTLE; ARC MAGMAS; 15015 GPA; CONSTRAINTS; CRUST; SLAB; CLINOPYROXENE; CONSEQUENCES 15016 AB Fluids and melts liberated from subducting oceanic crust recycle 15017 lithophile elements back into the mantle wedge, facilitate melting and 15018 ultimately lead to prolific subduction-zone arc volcanism(1,2). The 15019 nature and composition of the mobile phases generated in the subducting 15020 slab at high pressures have, however, remained largely unknown(3-7). 15021 Here we report direct LA-ICPMS measurements of the composition of 15022 fluids and melts equilibrated with a basaltic eclogite at pressures 15023 equivalent to depths in the Earth of 120 - 180 km and temperatures of 15024 700 - 1,200 degrees C. The resultant liquid/mineral partition 15025 coefficients constrain the recycling rates of key elements. The 15026 dichotomy of dehydration versus melting at 120 km depth is expressed 15027 through contrasting behaviour of many trace elements (U/Th, Sr, Ba, Be 15028 and the light rare-earth elements). At pressures equivalent to 180 km 15029 depth, however, a supercritical liquid with melt-like solubilities for 15030 the investigated trace elements is observed, even at low temperatures. 15031 This mobilizes most of the key trace elements ( except the heavy 15032 rare-earth elements, Y and Sc) and thus limits fluid-phase transfer of 15033 geochemical signatures in subduction zones to pressures less than 6 GPa. 15034 C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. 15035 ETH Zentrum, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. 15036 RP Kessel, R, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, 15037 Israel. 15038 EM kessel@vms.huji.ac.il 15039 NR 32 15040 TC 0 15041 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15042 PI LONDON 15043 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15044 SN 0028-0836 15045 J9 NATURE 15046 JI Nature 15047 PD SEP 29 15048 PY 2005 15049 VL 437 15050 IS 7059 15051 BP 724 15052 EP 727 15053 PG 4 15054 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15055 GA 968JD 15056 UT ISI:000232157900050 15057 ER 15058 15059 PT J 15060 AU Allen, JT 15061 Brown, L 15062 Sanders, R 15063 Moore, CM 15064 Mustard, A 15065 Fielding, S 15066 Lucas, M 15067 Rixen, M 15068 Savidge, G 15069 Henson, S 15070 Mayor, D 15071 TI Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast 15072 Atlantic 15073 SO NATURE 15074 LA English 15075 DT Article 15076 ID ICELAND-FAEROES FRONT; ALMERIA-ORAN FRONT; MESOSCALE SUBDUCTION; SPRING 15077 BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN; NUTRIENTS; PACIFIC; JUNE 15078 AB Diatoms are unicellular or chain-forming phytoplankton that use silicon 15079 ( Si) in cell wall construction. Their survival during periods of 15080 apparent nutrient exhaustion enhances carbon sequestration in frontal 15081 regions of the northern North Atlantic. These regions may therefore 15082 have a more important role in the 'biological pump' than they have 15083 previously been attributed(1), but how this is achieved is unknown. 15084 Diatom growth depends on silicate availability, in addition to nitrate 15085 and phosphate(2,3), but northern Atlantic waters are richer in nitrate 15086 than silicate(4). Following the spring stratification, diatoms are the 15087 first phytoplankton to bloom(2,5). Once silicate is exhausted, diatom 15088 blooms subside in a major export event(6,7). Here we show that, with 15089 nitrate still available for new production, the diatom bloom is 15090 prolonged where there is a periodic supply of new silicate: 15091 specifically, diatoms thrive by 'mining' deep-water silicate brought to 15092 the surface by an unstable ocean front. The mechanism we present here 15093 is not limited to silicate fertilization; similar mechanisms could 15094 support nitrate-,phosphate- or iron-limited frontal regions in oceans 15095 elsewhere. 15096 C1 Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. 15097 N Highland Coll, UHI Millenium Inst, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD, Caithness, Scotland. 15098 Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. 15099 NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. 15100 Queens Univ Belfast, Marine Lab, Portaferry BT22 1PF, North Ireland. 15101 RP Allen, JT, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. 15102 EM jta@noc.soton.ac.uk 15103 NR 30 15104 TC 0 15105 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15106 PI LONDON 15107 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15108 SN 0028-0836 15109 J9 NATURE 15110 JI Nature 15111 PD SEP 29 15112 PY 2005 15113 VL 437 15114 IS 7059 15115 BP 728 15116 EP 732 15117 PG 5 15118 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15119 GA 968JD 15120 UT ISI:000232157900051 15121 ER 15122 15123 PT J 15124 AU Hu, DL 15125 Bush, JWM 15126 TI Meniscus-climbing insects 15127 SO NATURE 15128 LA English 15129 DT Article 15130 ID WATER-SURFACE; LOCOMOTION; PARTICLES 15131 AB Water-walking insects and spiders rely on surface tension for static 15132 weight support(1,2) and use a variety of means to propel themselves 15133 along the surface(3-8). To pass from the water surface to land, they 15134 must contend with the slippery slopes of the menisci that border the 15135 water's edge. The ability to climb menisci is a skill exploited by 15136 water-walking insects as they seek land in order to lay eggs or avoid 15137 predators(4); moreover, it was a necessary adaptation for their 15138 ancestors as they evolved from terrestrials to live exclusively on the 15139 water surface(3). Many millimetre-scale water-walking insects are 15140 unable to climb menisci using their traditional means of 15141 propulsion(2,3,9). Through a combined experimental and theoretical 15142 study, here we investigate the meniscus-climbing technique that such 15143 insects use. By assuming a fixed body posture, they deform the water 15144 surface in order to generate capillary forces(10-13): they thus propel 15145 themselves laterally without moving their appendages. We develop a 15146 theoretical model for this novel mode of propulsion and use it to 15147 rationalize the climbers' characteristic body postures and predict 15148 climbing trajectories consistent with those reported here and 15149 elsewhere(3). 15150 C1 MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 15151 RP Bush, JWM, MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 15152 EM bush@math.mit.edu 15153 NR 25 15154 TC 0 15155 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15156 PI LONDON 15157 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15158 SN 0028-0836 15159 J9 NATURE 15160 JI Nature 15161 PD SEP 29 15162 PY 2005 15163 VL 437 15164 IS 7059 15165 BP 733 15166 EP 736 15167 PG 4 15168 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15169 GA 968JD 15170 UT ISI:000232157900052 15171 ER 15172 15173 PT J 15174 AU Whiten, A 15175 Horner, V 15176 de Waal, FBM 15177 TI Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees 15178 SO NATURE 15179 LA English 15180 DT Article 15181 ID CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES; TRANSMISSION; INFORMATION; EVOLUTION 15182 AB Rich circumstantial evidence suggests that the extensive behavioural 15183 diversity recorded in wild great apes reflects a complexity of cultural 15184 variation unmatched by species other than our own(1-12). However, the 15185 capacity for cultural transmission assumed by this interpretation has 15186 remained difficult to test rigorously in the field, where the scope for 15187 controlled experimentation is limited(13-16). Here we show that 15188 experimentally introduced technologies will spread within different ape 15189 communities. Unobserved by group mates, we first trained a high-ranking 15190 female from each of two groups of captive chimpanzees to adopt one of 15191 two different tool-use techniques for obtaining food from the same 15192 'Pan-pipe' apparatus, then re-introduced each female to her respective 15193 group. All but two of 32 chimpanzees mastered the new technique under 15194 the influence of their local expert, whereas none did so in a third 15195 population lacking an expert. Most chimpanzees adopted the method 15196 seeded in their group, and these traditions continued to diverge over 15197 time. A subset of chimpanzees that discovered the alternative method 15198 nevertheless went on to match the predominant approach of their 15199 companions, showing a conformity bias that is regarded as a hallmark of 15200 human culture(11). 15201 C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit Evolut, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland. 15202 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Field Stn, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. 15203 RP Whiten, A, Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit 15204 Evolut, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland. 15205 EM a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk 15206 NR 30 15207 TC 0 15208 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15209 PI LONDON 15210 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15211 SN 0028-0836 15212 J9 NATURE 15213 JI Nature 15214 PD SEP 29 15215 PY 2005 15216 VL 437 15217 IS 7059 15218 BP 737 15219 EP 740 15220 PG 4 15221 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15222 GA 968JD 15223 UT ISI:000232157900053 15224 ER 15225 15226 PT J 15227 AU Du, LQ 15228 Poovaiah, BW 15229 TI Ca2+/calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant 15230 growth 15231 SO NATURE 15232 LA English 15233 DT Article 15234 ID TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATORS; ARABIDOPSIS-DET3 MUTANT; LIGHT; CALMODULIN; 15235 RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; GENE; KINASE; FAMILY; EXPRESSION 15236 AB Brassinosteroids are plant-specific steroid hormones(1,2) that have an 15237 important role in coupling environmental factors, especially light, 15238 with plant growth and development(3). How the endogenous 15239 brassinosteroids change in response to environmental stimuli is largely 15240 unknown. Ca2+/calmodulin has an essential role in sensing and 15241 transducing environmental stimuli(4,5). Arabidopsis DWARF1 (DWF1) is 15242 responsible for an early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis that 15243 converts 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol(6,7). Here we show that 15244 DWF1 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-binding protein and this binding is critical 15245 for its function. Molecular genetic analysis using site-directed and 15246 deletion mutants revealed that loss of calmodulin binding completely 15247 abolished the function of DWF1 in planta, whereas partial loss of 15248 calmodulin binding resulted in a partial dwarf phenotype in 15249 complementation studies. These results provide direct proof that 15250 Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated signalling has a critical role in controlling 15251 the function of DWF1. Furthermore, we observed that DWF1 orthologues 15252 from other plants have a similar Ca2+/calmodulin-binding domain, 15253 implying that Ca2+/calmodulin regulation of DWF1 and its homologues is 15254 common in plants. These results raise the possibility of producing 15255 size-engineered crops by altering the Ca2+/calmodulin-binding property 15256 of their DWF1 orthologues. 15257 C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. 15258 Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. 15259 RP Poovaiah, BW, Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, 15260 Pullman, WA 99164 USA. 15261 EM poovaiah@wsu.edu 15262 NR 29 15263 TC 0 15264 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15265 PI LONDON 15266 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15267 SN 0028-0836 15268 J9 NATURE 15269 JI Nature 15270 PD SEP 29 15271 PY 2005 15272 VL 437 15273 IS 7059 15274 BP 741 15275 EP 745 15276 PG 5 15277 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15278 GA 968JD 15279 UT ISI:000232157900054 15280 ER 15281 15282 PT J 15283 AU Gordon, MD 15284 Dionne, MS 15285 Schneider, DS 15286 Nusse, R 15287 TI WntD is a feedback inhibitor of Dorsal/NF-kappa B in Drosophila 15288 development and immunity 15289 SO NATURE 15290 LA English 15291 DT Article 15292 ID SIGNALING PATHWAY; NUCLEAR IMPORT; TOLL; HOST; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN; 15293 EMBRYO; GENE; MELANOGASTER; MORPHOGEN 15294 AB Regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) family of 15295 transcription factors is of critical importance to animals, with 15296 consequences of misregulation that include cancer, chronic inflammatory 15297 diseases and developmental defects(1). Studies in Drosophila 15298 melanogaster have proved fruitful in determining the signals used to 15299 control NF-kappa B proteins, beginning with the discovery that the 15300 Toll/NF-kappa B pathway, in addition to patterning the dorsal - ventral 15301 axis of the fly embryo, defines a major component of the innate immune 15302 response in both Drosophila and mammals(2,3). Here, we characterize the 15303 Drosophila wntD (Wnt inhibitor of Dorsal) gene. We show that WntD acts 15304 as a feedback inhibitor of the NF-kappa B homologue Dorsal during both 15305 embryonic patterning and the innate immune response to infection. wntD 15306 expression is under the control of Toll/Dorsal signalling, and 15307 increased levels of WntD block Dorsal nuclear accumulation, even in the 15308 absence of the I kappa B homologue Cactus. The WntD signal is 15309 independent of the common Wnt signalling component Armadillo 15310 (beta-catenin). By engineering a gene knockout, we show that wntD 15311 loss-of-function mutants have immune defects and exhibit increased 15312 levels of Toll/Dorsal signalling. Furthermore, the wntD mutant 15313 phenotype is suppressed by loss of zygotic dorsal. These results 15314 describe the first secreted feedback antagonist of Toll signalling, and 15315 demonstrate a novel Wnt activity in the fly. 15316 C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst,Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 15317 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 15318 RP Nusse, R, Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med 15319 Inst,Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 15320 EM rnusse@stanford.edu 15321 NR 30 15322 TC 0 15323 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15324 PI LONDON 15325 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15326 SN 0028-0836 15327 J9 NATURE 15328 JI Nature 15329 PD SEP 29 15330 PY 2005 15331 VL 437 15332 IS 7059 15333 BP 746 15334 EP 749 15335 PG 4 15336 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15337 GA 968JD 15338 UT ISI:000232157900055 15339 ER 15340 15341 PT J 15342 AU Xavier, KB 15343 Bassler, BL 15344 TI Interference with Al-2-mediated bacterial cell-cell communication 15345 SO NATURE 15346 LA English 15347 DT Article 15348 ID QUORUM-SENSING SIGNAL; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; 15349 ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; CHOLERAE; LUMINESCENCE; SEQUENCE; AL-2; 15350 FAMILY 15351 AB Bacteria communicate by means of chemical signal molecules called 15352 autoinducers. This process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to 15353 count the members in the community and to alter gene expression 15354 synchronously across the population. Quorum-sensing-controlled 15355 processes are often crucial for successful bacterial - host 15356 relationships - both symbiotic and pathogenic. Most quorum-sensing 15357 autoinducers promote intraspecies communication, but one autoinducer, 15358 called AI-2, is produced and detected by a wide variety of bacteria and 15359 is proposed to allow interspecies communication(1,2). Here we show that 15360 some species of bacteria can manipulate AI-2 signalling and interfere 15361 with other species' ability to assess and respond correctly to changes 15362 in cell population density. AI-2 signalling, and the interference with 15363 it, could have important ramifications for eukaryotes in the 15364 maintenance of normal microflora and in protection from pathogenic 15365 bacteria. 15366 C1 Princeton Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 15367 RP Bassler, BL, Princeton Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 15368 Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. 15369 EM bbassler@molbio.princeton.edu 15370 NR 19 15371 TC 1 15372 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15373 PI LONDON 15374 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15375 SN 0028-0836 15376 J9 NATURE 15377 JI Nature 15378 PD SEP 29 15379 PY 2005 15380 VL 437 15381 IS 7059 15382 BP 750 15383 EP 753 15384 PG 4 15385 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15386 GA 968JD 15387 UT ISI:000232157900056 15388 ER 15389 15390 PT J 15391 AU Yoshida, H 15392 Kawane, K 15393 Koike, M 15394 Mori, Y 15395 Uchiyama, Y 15396 Nagata, S 15397 TI Phosphatidylserine-dependent engulfment by macrophages of nuclei from 15398 erythroid precursor cells 15399 SO NATURE 15400 LA English 15401 DT Article 15402 ID APOPTOTIC CELLS; ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MICE; 15403 DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS; DEFICIENT; INVITRO; 15404 BINDING 15405 AB Definitive erythropoiesis usually occurs in the bone marrow or fetal 15406 liver, where erythroblasts are associated with a central macrophage in 15407 anatomical units called 'blood islands'(1,2). Late in erythropoiesis, 15408 nuclei are expelled from the erythroid precursor cells and engulfed by 15409 the macrophages in the blood island(2,3). Here we show that the nuclei 15410 are engulfed by macrophages only after they are disconnected from 15411 reticulocytes, and that phosphatidylserine, which is often used as an 15412 'eat me' signal for apoptotic cells, is also used for the engulfment of 15413 nuclei expelled from erythroblasts. We investigated the mechanism 15414 behind the enucleation and engulfment processes by isolating late-stage 15415 erythroblasts from the spleens of phlebotomized mice. When these 15416 erythroblasts were cultured, the nuclei protruded spontaneously from 15417 the erythroblasts. A weak physical force could disconnect the nuclei 15418 from the reticulocytes. The released nuclei contained an undetectable 15419 level of ATP, and quickly exposed phosphatidylserine on their surface. 15420 Fetal liver macrophages efficiently engulfed the nuclei; masking the 15421 phosphatidylserine on the nuclei with the dominant-negative form of 15422 milk-fat-globule EGF8 (MFG-E8) prevented this engulfment. 15423 C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Genet, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 15424 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 15425 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Frontier Biosci, Integrated Biol Labs, Genet Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 15426 Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. 15427 Sakura Mot Picture Co Ltd, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1510051, Japan. 15428 RP Nagata, S, Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Genet, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 15429 Osaka 5650871, Japan. 15430 EM Nagata@genetic.med.osaka-u.ac.jp 15431 NR 30 15432 TC 0 15433 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15434 PI LONDON 15435 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15436 SN 0028-0836 15437 J9 NATURE 15438 JI Nature 15439 PD SEP 29 15440 PY 2005 15441 VL 437 15442 IS 7059 15443 BP 754 15444 EP 758 15445 PG 5 15446 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15447 GA 968JD 15448 UT ISI:000232157900057 15449 ER 15450 15451 PT J 15452 AU Pascual, G 15453 Fong, AL 15454 Ogawa, S 15455 Gamliel, A 15456 Li, AC 15457 Perissi, V 15458 Rose, DW 15459 Willson, TM 15460 Rosenfeld, MG 15461 Glass, CK 15462 TI A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of 15463 inflammatory response genes by PPAR-gamma 15464 SO NATURE 15465 LA English 15466 DT Article 15467 ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; 15468 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; COREPRESSOR COMPLEX; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR 15469 RECEPTORS; CO-REPRESSOR; PROTEINS; LIGAND 15470 AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has 15471 essential roles in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis, and is a 15472 molecular target of insulin-sensitizing drugs(1-3). Although the 15473 ability of PPAR-gamma agonists to antagonize inflammatory responses by 15474 transrepression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) target genes is 15475 linked to antidiabetic(4) and antiatherogenic actions(5), the 15476 mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification 15477 of a molecular pathway by which PPAR-gamma represses the 15478 transcriptional activation of inflammatory response genes in mouse 15479 macrophages. The initial step of this pathway involves ligand-dependent 15480 SUMOylation of the PPAR-gamma ligand-binding domain, which targets 15481 PPAR-gamma to nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-histone deacetylase-3 15482 (HDAC3) complexes on inflammatory gene promoters. This in turn prevents 15483 recruitment of the ubiquitylation/19S proteosome machinery that 15484 normally mediates the signal-dependent removal of corepressor complexes 15485 required for gene activation. As a result, NCoR complexes are not 15486 cleared from the promoter and target genes are maintained in a 15487 repressed state. This mechanism provides an explanation for how an 15488 agonist-bound nuclear receptor can be converted from an activator of 15489 transcription to a promoter-specific repressor of NF-kappa B target 15490 genes that regulate immunity and homeostasis. 15491 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 15492 Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 15493 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 15494 Univ Calif San Diego, Biomed Sci Grad Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 15495 GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. 15496 RP Glass, CK, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, 9500 Gilman 15497 Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 15498 EM cglass@ucsd.edu 15499 NR 30 15500 TC 0 15501 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15502 PI LONDON 15503 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15504 SN 0028-0836 15505 J9 NATURE 15506 JI Nature 15507 PD SEP 29 15508 PY 2005 15509 VL 437 15510 IS 7059 15511 BP 759 15512 EP 763 15513 PG 5 15514 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15515 GA 968JD 15516 UT ISI:000232157900058 15517 ER 15518 15519 PT J 15520 AU Nybakken, GE 15521 Oliphant, T 15522 Johnson, S 15523 Burke, S 15524 Diamond, MS 15525 Fremont, DH 15526 TI Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic 15527 antibody 15528 SO NATURE 15529 LA English 15530 DT Article 15531 ID DENGUE VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; 15532 DOMAIN-III; DISSEMINATED INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BINDING; 15533 CELLS; GLYCOPROTEIN 15534 AB West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to the 15535 human epidemic-causing dengue, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis 15536 viruses(1). In establishing infection these icosahedral viruses undergo 15537 endosomal membrane fusion catalysed by envelope glycoprotein 15538 rearrangement of the putative receptor-binding domain III (DIII) and 15539 exposure of the hydrophobic fusion loop(2-4). Humoral immunity has an 15540 essential protective function early in the course of West Nile virus 15541 infection(5,6). Here, we investigate the mechanism of neutralization by 15542 the E16 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds DIII. Structurally, 15543 the E16 antibody Fab fragment engages 16 residues positioned on four 15544 loops of DIII, a consensus neutralizing epitope sequence conserved in 15545 West Nile virus and distinct in other flaviviruses. The E16 epitope 15546 protrudes from the surface of mature virions in three distinct 15547 environments(7), and docking studies predict Fab binding will leave 15548 fivefold clustered epitopes exposed. We also show that E16 inhibits 15549 infection primarily at a step after viral attachment, potentially by 15550 blocking envelope glycoprotein conformational changes. Collectively, 15551 our results suggest that a vaccine strategy targeting the dominant DIII 15552 epitope may elicit safe and effective immune responses against 15553 flaviviral diseases. 15554 C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 15555 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 15556 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 15557 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. 15558 MacroGenics, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 15559 RP Fremont, DH, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, 15560 MO 63110 USA. 15561 EM Fremont@wustl.edu 15562 NR 30 15563 TC 0 15564 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15565 PI LONDON 15566 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15567 SN 0028-0836 15568 J9 NATURE 15569 JI Nature 15570 PD SEP 29 15571 PY 2005 15572 VL 437 15573 IS 7059 15574 BP 764 15575 EP 768 15576 PG 5 15577 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15578 GA 968JD 15579 UT ISI:000232157900059 15580 ER 15581 15582 PT J 15583 AU D'Autreaux, B 15584 Tucker, NP 15585 Dixon, R 15586 Spiro, S 15587 TI A non-haem iron centre in the transcription factor NorR senses nitric 15588 oxide 15589 SO NATURE 15590 LA English 15591 DT Article 15592 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NITROSYL COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 15593 SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; BINDING; FLAVORUBREDOXIN; 15594 INHIBITION; REDUCTION 15595 AB Nitric oxide ( NO), synthesized in eukaryotes by the NO synthases, has 15596 multiple roles in signalling pathways and in protection against 15597 pathogens(1,2). Pathogenic microorganisms have apparently evolved 15598 defence mechanisms that counteract the effects of NO and related 15599 reactive nitrogen species. Regulatory proteins that sense NO mediate 15600 the primary response to NO and nitrosative stress(3-9). The only 15601 regulatory protein in enteric bacteria known to serve exclusively as an 15602 NO-responsive transcription factor is the enhancer binding protein NorR 15603 (refs 9 - 11). In Escherichia coli, NorR activates the transcription of 15604 the nor VW genes encoding a flavorubredoxin (FlRd) and an associated 15605 flavoprotein, respectively, which together have NADH-dependent NO 15606 reductase activity(10,12-14). The NO-responsive activity of NorR raises 15607 important questions concerning the mechanism of NO sensing. Here we 15608 show that the regulatory domain of NorR contains a mononuclear non-haem 15609 iron centre, which reversibly binds NO. Binding of NO stimulates the 15610 ATPase activity of NorR, enabling the activation of transcription by 15611 RNA polymerase. The mechanism of NorR reveals an unprecedented 15612 biological role for a non-haem mononitrosyl - iron complex in NO 15613 sensing. 15614 C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. 15615 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. 15616 RP Spiro, S, John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, 15617 England. 15618 EM stephen.spiro@biology.gatech.edu 15619 NR 30 15620 TC 0 15621 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15622 PI LONDON 15623 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15624 SN 0028-0836 15625 J9 NATURE 15626 JI Nature 15627 PD SEP 29 15628 PY 2005 15629 VL 437 15630 IS 7059 15631 BP 769 15632 EP 772 15633 PG 4 15634 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15635 GA 968JD 15636 UT ISI:000232157900060 15637 ER 15638 15639 PT J 15640 AU Melton, L 15641 TI Imaging: The big picture 15642 SO NATURE 15643 LA English 15644 DT Article 15645 C1 Novartis Fdn, London, England. 15646 RP Melton, L, Novartis Fdn, London, England. 15647 NR 0 15648 TC 0 15649 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15650 PI LONDON 15651 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15652 SN 0028-0836 15653 J9 NATURE 15654 JI Nature 15655 PD SEP 29 15656 PY 2005 15657 VL 437 15658 IS 7059 15659 BP 775 15660 EP + 15661 PG 4 15662 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15663 GA 968JD 15664 UT ISI:000232157900061 15665 ER 15666 15667 PT J 15668 AU Reynolds, A 15669 TI Feeling rejected 15670 SO NATURE 15671 LA English 15672 DT Editorial Material 15673 NR 0 15674 TC 0 15675 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15676 PI LONDON 15677 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15678 SN 0028-0836 15679 J9 NATURE 15680 JI Nature 15681 PD SEP 29 15682 PY 2005 15683 VL 437 15684 IS 7059 15685 BP 788 15686 EP 788 15687 PG 1 15688 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15689 GA 968JD 15690 UT ISI:000232157900062 15691 ER 15692 15693 PT J 15694 AU [Anon] 15695 TI Abstractions 15696 SO NATURE 15697 LA English 15698 DT Editorial Material 15699 NR 0 15700 TC 0 15701 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15702 PI LONDON 15703 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15704 SN 0028-0836 15705 J9 NATURE 15706 JI Nature 15707 PD SEP 22 15708 PY 2005 15709 VL 437 15710 IS 7058 15711 BP XI 15712 EP XI 15713 PG 1 15714 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15715 GA 966FF 15716 UT ISI:000232004800001 15717 ER 15718 15719 PT J 15720 AU Stahl, D 15721 TI Making the paper 15722 SO NATURE 15723 LA English 15724 DT News Item 15725 NR 0 15726 TC 0 15727 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15728 PI LONDON 15729 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15730 SN 0028-0836 15731 J9 NATURE 15732 JI Nature 15733 PD SEP 22 15734 PY 2005 15735 VL 437 15736 IS 7058 15737 BP XI 15738 EP XI 15739 PG 1 15740 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15741 GA 966FF 15742 UT ISI:000232004800002 15743 ER 15744 15745 PT J 15746 AU [Anon] 15747 TI Don't keep your distance 15748 SO NATURE 15749 LA English 15750 DT Editorial Material 15751 NR 1 15752 TC 0 15753 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15754 PI LONDON 15755 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15756 SN 0028-0836 15757 J9 NATURE 15758 JI Nature 15759 PD SEP 22 15760 PY 2005 15761 VL 437 15762 IS 7058 15763 BP 451 15764 EP 451 15765 PG 1 15766 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15767 GA 966FF 15768 UT ISI:000232004800003 15769 ER 15770 15771 PT J 15772 AU [Anon] 15773 TI Value-free nanotech? 15774 SO NATURE 15775 LA English 15776 DT Editorial Material 15777 NR 1 15778 TC 0 15779 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15780 PI LONDON 15781 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15782 SN 0028-0836 15783 J9 NATURE 15784 JI Nature 15785 PD SEP 22 15786 PY 2005 15787 VL 437 15788 IS 7058 15789 BP 451 15790 EP 452 15791 PG 2 15792 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15793 GA 966FF 15794 UT ISI:000232004800004 15795 ER 15796 15797 PT J 15798 AU [Anon] 15799 TI Science after Katrina 15800 SO NATURE 15801 LA English 15802 DT Editorial Material 15803 NR 1 15804 TC 0 15805 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15806 PI LONDON 15807 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15808 SN 0028-0836 15809 J9 NATURE 15810 JI Nature 15811 PD SEP 22 15812 PY 2005 15813 VL 437 15814 IS 7058 15815 BP 452 15816 EP 452 15817 PG 1 15818 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15819 GA 966FF 15820 UT ISI:000232004800005 15821 ER 15822 15823 PT J 15824 AU Giles, J 15825 TI Astronomers reject the term 'planet' 15826 SO NATURE 15827 LA English 15828 DT News Item 15829 NR 0 15830 TC 0 15831 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15832 PI LONDON 15833 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15834 SN 0028-0836 15835 J9 NATURE 15836 JI Nature 15837 PD SEP 22 15838 PY 2005 15839 VL 437 15840 IS 7058 15841 BP 456 15842 EP 457 15843 PG 2 15844 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15845 GA 966FF 15846 UT ISI:000232004800006 15847 ER 15848 15849 PT J 15850 AU Reichhardt, T 15851 TI Planet spotters compete 15852 SO NATURE 15853 LA English 15854 DT News Item 15855 NR 1 15856 TC 0 15857 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15858 PI LONDON 15859 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15860 SN 0028-0836 15861 J9 NATURE 15862 JI Nature 15863 PD SEP 22 15864 PY 2005 15865 VL 437 15866 IS 7058 15867 BP 456 15868 EP 456 15869 PG 1 15870 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15871 GA 966FF 15872 UT ISI:000232004800007 15873 ER 15874 15875 PT J 15876 AU Wild, J 15877 TI Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientists 15878 SO NATURE 15879 LA English 15880 DT News Item 15881 NR 0 15882 TC 0 15883 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15884 PI LONDON 15885 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15886 SN 0028-0836 15887 J9 NATURE 15888 JI Nature 15889 PD SEP 22 15890 PY 2005 15891 VL 437 15892 IS 7058 15893 BP 457 15894 EP 457 15895 PG 1 15896 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15897 GA 966FF 15898 UT ISI:000232004800008 15899 ER 15900 15901 PT J 15902 AU Butler, D 15903 TI Flu researchers slam US agency for hoarding data 15904 SO NATURE 15905 LA English 15906 DT News Item 15907 NR 1 15908 TC 0 15909 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15910 PI LONDON 15911 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15912 SN 0028-0836 15913 J9 NATURE 15914 JI Nature 15915 PD SEP 22 15916 PY 2005 15917 VL 437 15918 IS 7058 15919 BP 458 15920 EP 459 15921 PG 2 15922 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15923 GA 966FF 15924 UT ISI:000232004800009 15925 ER 15926 15927 PT J 15928 AU Giles, J 15929 TI Industry money skews drug overviews 15930 SO NATURE 15931 LA English 15932 DT News Item 15933 NR 0 15934 TC 0 15935 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15936 PI LONDON 15937 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15938 SN 0028-0836 15939 J9 NATURE 15940 JI Nature 15941 PD SEP 22 15942 PY 2005 15943 VL 437 15944 IS 7058 15945 BP 458 15946 EP 459 15947 PG 2 15948 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15949 GA 966FF 15950 UT ISI:000232004800010 15951 ER 15952 15953 PT J 15954 AU Schiermeier, Q 15955 TI Hurricane link to climate change is hazy 15956 SO NATURE 15957 LA English 15958 DT News Item 15959 AB A brace of studies indicates that cyclones have increased in strength 15960 over thepast 30 years. Hurricanes have also been linked with global 15961 warming and climate change. However researchers have started to 15962 investigate how oceans interactwith the atmosphere in different parts 15963 of the world, to determine how and whynatural fluctuations favor 15964 different hurricane patterns in different ocean basins. 15965 NR 3 15966 TC 0 15967 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15968 PI LONDON 15969 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15970 SN 0028-0836 15971 J9 NATURE 15972 JI Nature 15973 PD SEP 22 15974 PY 2005 15975 VL 437 15976 IS 7058 15977 BP 461 15978 EP 461 15979 PG 1 15980 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 15981 GA 966FF 15982 UT ISI:000232004800011 15983 ER 15984 15985 PT J 15986 AU Fuyuno, I 15987 TI Lack of lab notes casts doubt on RNA researcher's results 15988 SO NATURE 15989 LA English 15990 DT News Item 15991 ID CELLS 15992 NR 4 15993 TC 0 15994 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 15995 PI LONDON 15996 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 15997 SN 0028-0836 15998 J9 NATURE 15999 JI Nature 16000 PD SEP 22 16001 PY 2005 16002 VL 437 16003 IS 7058 16004 BP 461 16005 EP 461 16006 PG 1 16007 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16008 GA 966FF 16009 UT ISI:000232004800012 16010 ER 16011 16012 PT J 16013 AU Appel, A 16014 TI After Katrina: tracking the toxic flood 16015 SO NATURE 16016 LA English 16017 DT News Item 16018 AB Marine researchers are assessing the safety of fish and shellfish 16019 exposed to toxic flood waters in the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricane 16020 Katrina. The floodwaters are teeming with Escherichia coli and a wide 16021 range of chemicals. A team of scientists collected shrimp, oysters and 16022 Atlantic croakers and sent them to a laboratory to be tested for 16023 bacterial contamination and pollutants. The results are not yet known 16024 and serious attention is being paid to food safety along with concern 16025 that the hurricane has damaged important fish and shellfish stocks. 16026 NR 1 16027 TC 0 16028 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16029 PI LONDON 16030 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16031 SN 0028-0836 16032 J9 NATURE 16033 JI Nature 16034 PD SEP 22 16035 PY 2005 16036 VL 437 16037 IS 7058 16038 BP 462 16039 EP 462 16040 PG 1 16041 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16042 GA 966FF 16043 UT ISI:000232004800013 16044 ER 16045 16046 PT J 16047 AU Abbott, A 16048 TI Race claims spark fury over Croatia's school curriculum 16049 SO NATURE 16050 LA English 16051 DT News Item 16052 AB The science minister in Croatia has come under fire from Croatian 16053 scientists who believe that their science minister is getting 16054 schoolteachers to promote the view that Croats are only distantly 16055 related to other Slavic populations. Thepilot phase of a new curriculum 16056 has just started in Croatian schools and includes history classes on 16057 the use of scientific techniques to analyse the distant past of human 16058 populations. Geneticists argue against his conclusions and saythat only 16059 one out of the dozen or so genetic markers analyzed revealed that 16060 Croats are more similar to Northern populations than to other Slavs. 16061 NR 1 16062 TC 2 16063 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16064 PI LONDON 16065 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16066 SN 0028-0836 16067 J9 NATURE 16068 JI Nature 16069 PD SEP 22 16070 PY 2005 16071 VL 437 16072 IS 7058 16073 BP 463 16074 EP 463 16075 PG 1 16076 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16077 GA 966FF 16078 UT ISI:000232004800014 16079 ER 16080 16081 PT J 16082 AU Check, E 16083 TI Left behind 16084 SO NATURE 16085 LA English 16086 DT News Item 16087 NR 0 16088 TC 0 16089 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16090 PI LONDON 16091 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16092 SN 0028-0836 16093 J9 NATURE 16094 JI Nature 16095 PD SEP 22 16096 PY 2005 16097 VL 437 16098 IS 7058 16099 BP 467 16100 EP 467 16101 PG 1 16102 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16103 GA 966FF 16104 UT ISI:000232004800015 16105 ER 16106 16107 PT J 16108 AU Langenberg, H 16109 TI Inside information 16110 SO NATURE 16111 LA English 16112 DT News Item 16113 ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE 16114 AB Earth's climate depends strongly on clouds. Heike Langenberg reports on 16115 two satellites that aim to cut through the layered structures of clouds 16116 to see how water droplets and airborne particles, or aerosols are 16117 distributed around the globe. 16118 NR 5 16119 TC 1 16120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16121 PI LONDON 16122 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16123 SN 0028-0836 16124 J9 NATURE 16125 JI Nature 16126 PD SEP 22 16127 PY 2005 16128 VL 437 16129 IS 7058 16130 BP 468 16131 EP 469 16132 PG 2 16133 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16134 GA 966FF 16135 UT ISI:000232004800016 16136 ER 16137 16138 PT J 16139 AU Brumfiel, G 16140 TI Back to school 16141 SO NATURE 16142 LA English 16143 DT News Item 16144 NR 0 16145 TC 0 16146 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16147 PI LONDON 16148 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16149 SN 0028-0836 16150 J9 NATURE 16151 JI Nature 16152 PD SEP 22 16153 PY 2005 16154 VL 437 16155 IS 7058 16156 BP 470 16157 EP 471 16158 PG 2 16159 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16160 GA 966FF 16161 UT ISI:000232004800017 16162 ER 16163 16164 PT J 16165 AU Dalton, R 16166 TI Fishy futures 16167 SO NATURE 16168 LA English 16169 DT News Item 16170 AB George Sugihara has gone from an academic career in biological 16171 oceanography tothe world of high finance, and back again. Now he is 16172 applying the lessons he learned in business to the conservation of fish 16173 stocks. 16174 NR 3 16175 TC 0 16176 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16177 PI LONDON 16178 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16179 SN 0028-0836 16180 J9 NATURE 16181 JI Nature 16182 PD SEP 22 16183 PY 2005 16184 VL 437 16185 IS 7058 16186 BP 473 16187 EP 474 16188 PG 2 16189 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16190 GA 966FF 16191 UT ISI:000232004800018 16192 ER 16193 16194 PT J 16195 AU Wadman, M 16196 TI Swooping for biotech 16197 SO NATURE 16198 LA English 16199 DT News Item 16200 NR 1 16201 TC 0 16202 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16203 PI LONDON 16204 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16205 SN 0028-0836 16206 J9 NATURE 16207 JI Nature 16208 PD SEP 22 16209 PY 2005 16210 VL 437 16211 IS 7058 16212 BP 475 16213 EP 475 16214 PG 1 16215 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16216 GA 966FF 16217 UT ISI:000232004800019 16218 ER 16219 16220 PT J 16221 AU Dinerstein, E 16222 Irvin, WR 16223 TI Re-wilding: no need for exotics as natives return 16224 SO NATURE 16225 LA English 16226 DT Letter 16227 C1 World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA. 16228 World Wildlife Fund, US Ecoreg Conservat, Washington, DC 20036 USA. 16229 RP Dinerstein, E, World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci, 1250 24th St,NW, 16230 Washington, DC 20036 USA. 16231 NR 1 16232 TC 0 16233 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16234 PI LONDON 16235 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16236 SN 0028-0836 16237 J9 NATURE 16238 JI Nature 16239 PD SEP 22 16240 PY 2005 16241 VL 437 16242 IS 7058 16243 BP 476 16244 EP 476 16245 PG 1 16246 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16247 GA 966FF 16248 UT ISI:000232004800020 16249 ER 16250 16251 PT J 16252 AU Shay, S 16253 TI Re-wilding: don't overlook humans living on the plains 16254 SO NATURE 16255 LA English 16256 DT Letter 16257 C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hist, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. 16258 RP Shay, S, Washington State Univ, Dept Hist, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. 16259 NR 1 16260 TC 1 16261 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16262 PI LONDON 16263 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16264 SN 0028-0836 16265 J9 NATURE 16266 JI Nature 16267 PD SEP 22 16268 PY 2005 16269 VL 437 16270 IS 7058 16271 BP 476 16272 EP 476 16273 PG 1 16274 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16275 GA 966FF 16276 UT ISI:000232004800021 16277 ER 16278 16279 PT J 16280 AU Tepfer, M 16281 TI How synthetic biology can avoid GMO-style conflicts 16282 SO NATURE 16283 LA English 16284 DT Letter 16285 C1 ICGEB Biosafety Outstn, I-31056 Ca Tron Di Roncade, Italy. 16286 RP Tepfer, M, ICGEB Biosafety Outstn, Via Piovega 23, I-31056 Ca Tron Di 16287 Roncade, Italy. 16288 NR 1 16289 TC 0 16290 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16291 PI LONDON 16292 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16293 SN 0028-0836 16294 J9 NATURE 16295 JI Nature 16296 PD SEP 22 16297 PY 2005 16298 VL 437 16299 IS 7058 16300 BP 476 16301 EP 476 16302 PG 1 16303 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16304 GA 966FF 16305 UT ISI:000232004800022 16306 ER 16307 16308 PT J 16309 AU Lewis, B 16310 TI Chiropractors start major study of spinal outcomes 16311 SO NATURE 16312 LA English 16313 DT Letter 16314 C1 British Chiropract Assoc, Reading RG1 1QB, Berks, England. 16315 RP Lewis, B, British Chiropract Assoc, Blagrave House,17 Blagrave St, 16316 Reading RG1 1QB, Berks, England. 16317 NR 1 16318 TC 0 16319 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16320 PI LONDON 16321 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16322 SN 0028-0836 16323 J9 NATURE 16324 JI Nature 16325 PD SEP 22 16326 PY 2005 16327 VL 437 16328 IS 7058 16329 BP 476 16330 EP 476 16331 PG 1 16332 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16333 GA 966FF 16334 UT ISI:000232004800023 16335 ER 16336 16337 PT J 16338 AU Polaszek, A 16339 TI A universal register for animal names 16340 SO NATURE 16341 LA English 16342 DT Editorial Material 16343 C1 Nat Hist Museum, Int Commiss Zool Nomenclature, London SW7 5BD, England. 16344 RP Polaszek, A, Nat Hist Museum, Int Commiss Zool Nomenclature, Cromwell 16345 Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. 16346 NR 0 16347 TC 1 16348 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16349 PI LONDON 16350 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16351 SN 0028-0836 16352 J9 NATURE 16353 JI Nature 16354 PD SEP 22 16355 PY 2005 16356 VL 437 16357 IS 7058 16358 BP 477 16359 EP 477 16360 PG 1 16361 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16362 GA 966FF 16363 UT ISI:000232004800024 16364 ER 16365 16366 PT J 16367 AU Colinvaux, P 16368 TI Climate change and biodiversity 16369 SO NATURE 16370 LA English 16371 DT Book Review 16372 C1 Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. 16373 RP Colinvaux, P, Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. 16374 NR 1 16375 TC 0 16376 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16377 PI LONDON 16378 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16379 SN 0028-0836 16380 J9 NATURE 16381 JI Nature 16382 PD SEP 22 16383 PY 2005 16384 VL 437 16385 IS 7058 16386 BP 479 16387 EP 479 16388 PG 1 16389 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16390 GA 966FF 16391 UT ISI:000232004800025 16392 ER 16393 16394 PT J 16395 AU Isaacson, JS 16396 TI Nerve endings: The discovery of the synapse 16397 SO NATURE 16398 LA English 16399 DT Book Review 16400 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 16401 RP Isaacson, JS, Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, 16402 CA 92093 USA. 16403 NR 1 16404 TC 0 16405 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16406 PI LONDON 16407 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16408 SN 0028-0836 16409 J9 NATURE 16410 JI Nature 16411 PD SEP 22 16412 PY 2005 16413 VL 437 16414 IS 7058 16415 BP 480 16416 EP 481 16417 PG 2 16418 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16419 GA 966FF 16420 UT ISI:000232004800026 16421 ER 16422 16423 PT J 16424 AU Scull, A 16425 TI Lovers and livers: Disease concepts in history 16426 SO NATURE 16427 LA English 16428 DT Book Review 16429 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Sociol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 16430 RP Scull, A, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Sociol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, 16431 CA 92093 USA. 16432 NR 1 16433 TC 0 16434 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16435 PI LONDON 16436 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16437 SN 0028-0836 16438 J9 NATURE 16439 JI Nature 16440 PD SEP 22 16441 PY 2005 16442 VL 437 16443 IS 7058 16444 BP 481 16445 EP 481 16446 PG 1 16447 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16448 GA 966FF 16449 UT ISI:000232004800027 16450 ER 16451 16452 PT J 16453 AU Baldocchi, D 16454 TI Environmental science - The carbon cycle under stress 16455 SO NATURE 16456 LA English 16457 DT Editorial Material 16458 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 16459 RP Baldocchi, D, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & 16460 Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 16461 EM baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu 16462 NR 12 16463 TC 0 16464 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16465 PI LONDON 16466 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16467 SN 0028-0836 16468 J9 NATURE 16469 JI Nature 16470 PD SEP 22 16471 PY 2005 16472 VL 437 16473 IS 7058 16474 BP 483 16475 EP 484 16476 PG 2 16477 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16478 GA 966FF 16479 UT ISI:000232004800028 16480 ER 16481 16482 PT J 16483 AU Liddington, R 16484 Bankston, L 16485 TI Structural biology - Origins of chemical biodefence 16486 SO NATURE 16487 LA English 16488 DT Editorial Material 16489 ID PROTEINS; DECAY 16490 C1 Burnham Inst, Infect & Inflammatory Dis Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 16491 RP Liddington, R, Burnham Inst, Infect & Inflammatory Dis Ctr, 10901 N 16492 Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 16493 EM rlidding@burnham.org 16494 NR 10 16495 TC 1 16496 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16497 PI LONDON 16498 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16499 SN 0028-0836 16500 J9 NATURE 16501 JI Nature 16502 PD SEP 22 16503 PY 2005 16504 VL 437 16505 IS 7058 16506 BP 484 16507 EP 485 16508 PG 2 16509 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16510 GA 966FF 16511 UT ISI:000232004800029 16512 ER 16513 16514 PT J 16515 AU Elliott, T 16516 TI Earth science - Unleaded high-performance 16517 SO NATURE 16518 LA English 16519 DT Editorial Material 16520 ID SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; MELT MIGRATION; CONSEQUENCES; RIDGES 16521 C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. 16522 RP Elliott, T, Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ, 16523 Avon, England. 16524 EM tim.elliott@bristol.ac.uk 16525 NR 10 16526 TC 0 16527 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16528 PI LONDON 16529 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16530 SN 0028-0836 16531 J9 NATURE 16532 JI Nature 16533 PD SEP 22 16534 PY 2005 16535 VL 437 16536 IS 7058 16537 BP 485 16538 EP 486 16539 PG 2 16540 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16541 GA 966FF 16542 UT ISI:000232004800030 16543 ER 16544 16545 PT J 16546 AU Kelly, JW 16547 TI Structural biology - Form and function instructions 16548 SO NATURE 16549 LA English 16550 DT Editorial Material 16551 ID BETA-SHEET 16552 C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 16553 RP Kelly, JW, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. 16554 EM jkelly@scripps.edu 16555 NR 8 16556 TC 0 16557 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16558 PI LONDON 16559 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16560 SN 0028-0836 16561 J9 NATURE 16562 JI Nature 16563 PD SEP 22 16564 PY 2005 16565 VL 437 16566 IS 7058 16567 BP 486 16568 EP 487 16569 PG 2 16570 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16571 GA 966FF 16572 UT ISI:000232004800031 16573 ER 16574 16575 PT J 16576 AU Hartwig, J 16577 TI Synthetic chemistry - Recipes for excess 16578 SO NATURE 16579 LA English 16580 DT Editorial Material 16581 ID MONODENTATE P-LIGANDS; CATALYZED HYDROGENATION; CONVEY ASYMMETRY; 16582 ACHIRAL LIGANDS; MESO LIGANDS; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; ADDITIVES; MIXTURES 16583 C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 16584 RP Hartwig, J, Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 16585 EM john.hartwig@yale.edu 16586 NR 12 16587 TC 0 16588 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16589 PI LONDON 16590 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16591 SN 0028-0836 16592 J9 NATURE 16593 JI Nature 16594 PD SEP 22 16595 PY 2005 16596 VL 437 16597 IS 7058 16598 BP 487 16599 EP 488 16600 PG 2 16601 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16602 GA 966FF 16603 UT ISI:000232004800032 16604 ER 16605 16606 PT J 16607 AU Stapf, S 16608 TI Techniques - Imaging at a distance 16609 SO NATURE 16610 LA English 16611 DT Editorial Material 16612 ID XENON NMR; MRI 16613 C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Chem & Macromol Chem, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. 16614 RP Stapf, S, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Chem & Macromol Chem, 16615 D-52074 Aachen, Germany. 16616 EM sstapf@mc.rwth-aachen.de 16617 NR 8 16618 TC 0 16619 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16620 PI LONDON 16621 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16622 SN 0028-0836 16623 J9 NATURE 16624 JI Nature 16625 PD SEP 22 16626 PY 2005 16627 VL 437 16628 IS 7058 16629 BP 488 16630 EP 489 16631 PG 2 16632 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16633 GA 966FF 16634 UT ISI:000232004800033 16635 ER 16636 16637 PT J 16638 AU Fishman, MC 16639 Porter, JA 16640 TI Pharmaceuticals - A new grammar for drug discovery 16641 SO NATURE 16642 LA English 16643 DT Article 16644 ID FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DROSOPHILA; INHIBITOR; REDUCTASE; 16645 GENETICS; PATHWAY; BETA; MAP 16646 C1 Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 16647 RP Fishman, MC, Novartis Inst Biomed Res, 250 Massachusetts Ave, 16648 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 16649 EM mark.fishman@novartis.com 16650 NR 30 16651 TC 0 16652 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16653 PI LONDON 16654 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16655 SN 0028-0836 16656 J9 NATURE 16657 JI Nature 16658 PD SEP 22 16659 PY 2005 16660 VL 437 16661 IS 7058 16662 BP 491 16663 EP 493 16664 PG 3 16665 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16666 GA 966FF 16667 UT ISI:000232004800034 16668 ER 16669 16670 PT J 16671 AU Frederickson, ME 16672 Greene, MJ 16673 Gordon, DM 16674 TI 'Devil's gardens' bedevilled by ants 16675 SO NATURE 16676 LA English 16677 DT Editorial Material 16678 ID DUROIA-HIRSUTA; ALLELOPATHIC TREE; IRIDOID LACTONE; AMAZON 16679 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 16680 Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA. 16681 Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. 16682 RP Frederickson, ME, Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 16683 EM meganf@stanford.edu 16684 NR 9 16685 TC 0 16686 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16687 PI LONDON 16688 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16689 SN 0028-0836 16690 J9 NATURE 16691 JI Nature 16692 PD SEP 22 16693 PY 2005 16694 VL 437 16695 IS 7058 16696 BP 495 16697 EP 496 16698 PG 2 16699 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16700 GA 966FF 16701 UT ISI:000232004800035 16702 ER 16703 16704 PT J 16705 AU Gillett, NP 16706 TI Climate modelling - Northern Hemisphere circulation 16707 SO NATURE 16708 LA English 16709 DT Editorial Material 16710 C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. 16711 RP Gillett, NP, Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich 16712 NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. 16713 EM n.gillett@uea.ac.uk 16714 NR 5 16715 TC 1 16716 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16717 PI LONDON 16718 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16719 SN 0028-0836 16720 J9 NATURE 16721 JI Nature 16722 PD SEP 22 16723 PY 2005 16724 VL 437 16725 IS 7058 16726 BP 496 16727 EP 496 16728 PG 1 16729 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16730 GA 966FF 16731 UT ISI:000232004800036 16732 ER 16733 16734 PT J 16735 AU Fowler, JH 16736 TI Human cooperation - Second-order free-riding problem solved? 16737 SO NATURE 16738 LA English 16739 DT Editorial Material 16740 ID INDIRECT RECIPROCITY; REPUTATION; EVOLUTION 16741 C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Polit Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. 16742 RP Fowler, JH, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Polit Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 16743 95616 USA. 16744 EM jhfowler@ucdavis.edu 16745 NR 7 16746 TC 0 16747 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16748 PI LONDON 16749 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16750 SN 0028-0836 16751 J9 NATURE 16752 JI Nature 16753 PD SEP 22 16754 PY 2005 16755 VL 437 16756 IS 7058 16757 BP E8 16758 EP E8 16759 PG 1 16760 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16761 GA 966FF 16762 UT ISI:000232004800037 16763 ER 16764 16765 PT J 16766 AU Panchanathan, K 16767 Boyd, R 16768 TI Human cooperation - Second-order free-riding problem solved? Reply 16769 SO NATURE 16770 LA English 16771 DT Editorial Material 16772 ID INDIRECT RECIPROCITY; EVOLUTION; PUNISHMENT; DEFECTORS 16773 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 16774 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 16775 RP Panchanathan, K, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, 16776 Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. 16777 EM buddha@ucla.edu 16778 NR 10 16779 TC 0 16780 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16781 PI LONDON 16782 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16783 SN 0028-0836 16784 J9 NATURE 16785 JI Nature 16786 PD SEP 22 16787 PY 2005 16788 VL 437 16789 IS 7058 16790 BP E8 16791 EP E9 16792 PG 2 16793 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16794 GA 966FF 16795 UT ISI:000232004800038 16796 ER 16797 16798 PT J 16799 AU Weis, SM 16800 Cheresh, DA 16801 TI Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability 16802 SO NATURE 16803 LA English 16804 DT Review 16805 ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; CADHERIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; FOCAL 16806 ADHESION KINASE; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA; MICROVASCULAR 16807 PERMEABILITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS; TUMOR 16808 VASCULATURE; FACTOR EXPRESSION; BETA-CATENIN 16809 AB Although vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) induces 16810 angiogenesis, it also disrupts vascular barrier function in diseased 16811 tissues. Accordingly, VEGF expression in cancer and ischaemic disease 16812 has unexpected pathophysiological consequences. By uncoupling 16813 endothelial cell - cell junctions VEGF causes vascular permeability and 16814 oedema, resulting in extensive injury to ischaemic tissues after stroke 16815 or myocardial infarction. In cancer, VEGF- mediated disruption of the 16816 vascular barrier may potentiate tumour cell extravasation, leading to 16817 widespread metastatic disease. Therefore, by blocking the vascular 16818 permeability promoting effects of VEGF it may be feasible to reduce 16819 tissue injury after ischaemic disease and minimize the invasive 16820 properties of circulating tumour cells. 16821 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 16822 Univ Calif San Diego, Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 16823 RP Cheresh, DA, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 16824 EM dcheresh@ucsd.edu 16825 NR 100 16826 TC 0 16827 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16828 PI LONDON 16829 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16830 SN 0028-0836 16831 J9 NATURE 16832 JI Nature 16833 PD SEP 22 16834 PY 2005 16835 VL 437 16836 IS 7058 16837 BP 497 16838 EP 504 16839 PG 8 16840 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16841 GA 966FF 16842 UT ISI:000232004800039 16843 ER 16844 16845 PT J 16846 AU Janssen, BJC 16847 Huizinga, EG 16848 Raaijmakers, HCA 16849 Roos, A 16850 Daha, MR 16851 Nilsson-Ekdahl, K 16852 Nilsson, B 16853 Gros, P 16854 TI Structures of complement component C3 provide insights into the 16855 function and evolution of immunity 16856 SO NATURE 16857 LA English 16858 DT Article 16859 ID INTERNAL THIOLESTER BOND; INITIAL C-3 CONVERTASE; RAY 16860 CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 3RD COMPONENT; FACTOR-H; DIFFRACTION DATA; PROTEIN 16861 C3; 2 PARTS; BINDING; THIOESTER 16862 AB The mammalian complement system is a phylogenetically ancient cascade 16863 system that has a major role in innate and adaptive immunity. 16864 Activation of component C3 ( 1,641 residues) is central to the three 16865 complement pathways and results in inflammation and elimination of self 16866 and non- self targets. Here we present crystal structures of native C3 16867 and its final major proteolytic fragment C3c. The structures reveal 16868 thirteen domains, nine of which were unpredicted, and suggest that the 16869 proteins of the alpha 2- macroglobulin family evolved from a core of 16870 eight homologous domains. A double mechanism prevents hydrolysis of the 16871 thioester group, essential for covalent attachment of activated C3 to 16872 target surfaces. Marked conformational changes in the alpha- chain, 16873 including movement of a critical interaction site through a ring formed 16874 by the domains of the beta- chain, indicate an unprecedented, 16875 conformation- dependent mechanism of activation, regulation and 16876 biological function of C3. 16877 C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. 16878 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Nephrol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. 16879 Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Immunol, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. 16880 Univ Kalmar, Dept Chem & Biomed Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. 16881 RP Gros, P, Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, Padualaan 8, 16882 NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. 16883 EM p.gros@chem.uu.nl 16884 NR 51 16885 TC 2 16886 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16887 PI LONDON 16888 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16889 SN 0028-0836 16890 J9 NATURE 16891 JI Nature 16892 PD SEP 22 16893 PY 2005 16894 VL 437 16895 IS 7058 16896 BP 505 16897 EP 511 16898 PG 7 16899 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16900 GA 966FF 16901 UT ISI:000232004800040 16902 ER 16903 16904 PT J 16905 AU Socolich, M 16906 Lockless, SW 16907 Russ, WP 16908 Lee, H 16909 Gardner, KH 16910 Ranganathan, R 16911 TI Evolutionary information for specifying a protein fold 16912 SO NATURE 16913 LA English 16914 DT Article 16915 ID WW DOMAIN; MUTANT CYCLES; PDZ DOMAIN; BETA-SHEET; DETERMINANTS; 16916 DYNAMICS; CATALYSIS; PEPTIDE; PACKING; BINDING 16917 AB Classical studies show that for many proteins, the information required 16918 for specifying the tertiary structure is contained in the amino acid 16919 sequence. Here, we attempt to define the sequence rules for specifying 16920 a protein fold by computationally creating artificial protein sequences 16921 using only statistical information encoded in a multiple sequence 16922 alignment and no tertiary structure information. Experimental testing 16923 of libraries of artificial WW domain sequences shows that a simple 16924 statistical energy function capturing coevolution between amino acid 16925 residues is necessary and sufficient to specify sequences that fold 16926 into native structures. The artificial proteins show thermodynamic 16927 stabilities similar to natural WW domains, and structure determination 16928 of one artificial protein shows excellent agreement with the WW fold at 16929 atomic resolution. The relative simplicity of the information used for 16930 creating sequences suggests a marked reduction to the potential 16931 complexity of the protein- folding problem. 16932 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 16933 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 16934 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 16935 RP Ranganathan, R, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, 16936 TX 75390 USA. 16937 EM rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu 16938 NR 50 16939 TC 2 16940 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 16941 PI LONDON 16942 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 16943 SN 0028-0836 16944 J9 NATURE 16945 JI Nature 16946 PD SEP 22 16947 PY 2005 16948 VL 437 16949 IS 7058 16950 BP 512 16951 EP 518 16952 PG 7 16953 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 16954 GA 966FF 16955 UT ISI:000232004800041 16956 ER 16957 16958 PT J 16959 AU Le Fevre, O 16960 Paltani, S 16961 Arnouts, S 16962 Charlot, S 16963 Foucaud, S 16964 Ilbert, O 16965 McCracken, HJ 16966 Zamorani, G 16967 Bottini, D 16968 Garilli, B 16969 Le Brun, V 16970 Maccagni, D 16971 Picat, JP 16972 Scaramella, R 16973 Scodeggio, M 16974 Tresse, L 16975 Vettolani, G 16976 Zanichelli, A 16977 Adami, C 16978 Bardelli, S 16979 Bolzonella, M 16980 Cappi, A 16981 Ciliegi, P 16982 Contini, T 16983 Franzetti, P 16984 Gavignaud, I 16985 Guzzo, L 16986 Iovino, A 16987 Marano, B 16988 Marinoni, C 16989 Mazure, A 16990 Meneux, B 16991 Merighi, R 16992 Pello, R 16993 Pollo, A 16994 Pozzetti, L 16995 Radovich, M 16996 Zucca, E 16997 Arnaboldi, M 16998 Bondi, M 16999 Bongiorno, A 17000 Busarello, G 17001 Gregorini, L 17002 Lamareille, F 17003 Mathez, G 17004 Mellier, Y 17005 Merluzzi, P 17006 Ripepi, V 17007 Rizzo, D 17008 TI A large population of galaxies 9 to 12 billion years back in the 17009 history of the Universe 17010 SO NATURE 17011 LA English 17012 DT Article 17013 ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; FRANCE REDSHIFT 17014 SURVEY; FORMING GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; DEEP-FIELD; BRIGHT 17015 AB To understand the evolution of galaxies, we need to know as accurately 17016 as possible how many galaxies were present in the Universe at different 17017 epochs(1). Galaxies in the young Universe have hitherto mainly been 17018 identified using their expected optical colours(2 - 4), but this leaves 17019 open the possibility that a significant population remains undetected 17020 because their colours are the result of a complex mix of stars, gas, 17021 dust or active galactic nuclei. Here we report the results of a flux- 17022 limited I- band survey of galaxies at look- back times of 9 to 12 17023 billion years. We find 970 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts 17024 between 1.4 and 5. This population is 1.6 to 6.2 times larger than 17025 previous estimates(2 - 4), with the difference increasing towards 17026 brighter magnitudes. Strong ultraviolet continua ( in the rest frame of 17027 the galaxies) indicate vigorous star formation rates of more than 10 - 17028 100 solar masses per year. As a consequence, the cosmic star formation 17029 rate representing the volume- averaged production of stars is higher 17030 than previously measured at redshifts of 3 to 4. 17031 C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6110, OAMP,Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France. 17032 Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. 17033 Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. 17034 IASF INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. 17035 Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. 17036 Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. 17037 Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5572, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. 17038 IRA INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. 17039 European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. 17040 Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy. 17041 Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. 17042 Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. 17043 RP Le Fevre, O, Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6110, OAMP,Lab Astrophys 17044 Marseille, BP8, F-13376 Marseille, France. 17045 EM Olivier.LeFevre@oamp.fr 17046 NR 21 17047 TC 1 17048 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17049 PI LONDON 17050 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17051 SN 0028-0836 17052 J9 NATURE 17053 JI Nature 17054 PD SEP 22 17055 PY 2005 17056 VL 437 17057 IS 7058 17058 BP 519 17059 EP 521 17060 PG 3 17061 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17062 GA 966FF 17063 UT ISI:000232004800042 17064 ER 17065 17066 PT J 17067 AU Sawano, F 17068 Terasaki, I 17069 Mori, H 17070 Mori, T 17071 Watanabe, M 17072 Ikeda, N 17073 Nogami, Y 17074 Noda, Y 17075 TI An organic thyristor 17076 SO NATURE 17077 LA English 17078 DT Article 17079 ID CONDUCTORS; STATE 17080 AB Thyristors are a class of nonlinear electronic device that exhibit 17081 bistable resistance - that is, they can be switched between two 17082 different conductance states(1). Thyristors are widely used as 17083 inverters ( direct to alternating current converters) and for the 17084 smooth control of power in a variety of applications such as motors and 17085 refrigerators. Materials and structures that exhibit nonlinear 17086 resistance of this sort are not only useful for practical applications: 17087 they also provide systems for exploring fundamental aspects of solid- 17088 state and statistical physics. Here we report the discovery of a giant 17089 nonlinear resistance effect in the conducting organic salt(2) theta- ( 17090 BEDT- TTF) 2CsCo( SCN)(4), the voltage- current characteristics of 17091 which are essentially the same as those of a conventional thyristor. 17092 This intrinsic organic thyristor works as an inverter, generating an 17093 alternating current when a static direct- current voltage is applied. 17094 Whereas conventional thyristors consist of a series of diodes ( their 17095 nonlinearity comes from interface effects at the p- n junctions), the 17096 present salt exhibits giant nonlinear resistance as a bulk phenomenon. 17097 We attribute the origin of this effect to the current-induced melting 17098 of insulating charge- order domains, an intrinsically non- equilibrium 17099 phenomenon in the sense that ordered domains are melted by a steady 17100 flow. 17101 C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. 17102 Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. 17103 Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan. 17104 Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Organ & Polymer Mat, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. 17105 Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. 17106 Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. 17107 Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. 17108 RP Terasaki, I, Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. 17109 EM terra@waseda.jp 17110 NR 13 17111 TC 0 17112 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17113 PI LONDON 17114 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17115 SN 0028-0836 17116 J9 NATURE 17117 JI Nature 17118 PD SEP 22 17119 PY 2005 17120 VL 437 17121 IS 7058 17122 BP 522 17123 EP 524 17124 PG 3 17125 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17126 GA 966FF 17127 UT ISI:000232004800043 17128 ER 17129 17130 PT J 17131 AU Yamamoto, J 17132 Nishiyama, I 17133 Inoue, M 17134 Yokoyama, H 17135 TI Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase' 17136 SO NATURE 17137 LA English 17138 DT Article 17139 ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL 17140 AB When liquid crystal molecules are chiral, the twisted structure 17141 competes with spatially uniform liquid crystalline orders, resulting in 17142 a variety of modulated liquid crystal phases, such as the cholesteric 17143 blue phase(1), twist grain boundary(2 - 4) and smectic blue phases(5). 17144 Here we report a liquid crystal smectic blue phase ( SmBPiso), formed 17145 from a two- component mixture containing a chiral monomer and a ' twin' 17146 containing two repeat units of the first molecule connected by a linear 17147 hydrocarbon spacer. The phase exhibits the simultaneous presence of 17148 finite local- order parameters of helices and smectic layers, without 17149 any discontinuity on a mesoscopic length scale. The anomalous softening 17150 of elasticity due to a strong reduction in entropy caused by mixing the 17151 monomer and the twin permits the seamless coexistence of these two 17152 competing liquid crystal orders. The new phase spontaneously exhibits 17153 an optically isotropic but uniformly iridescent colour and 17154 automatically acquires spherical symmetry, so that the associated 17155 photonic band gap(6 - 9) maintains the same symmetry despite the local 17156 liquid crystalline order. We expect a range of unusual optical 17157 transmission properties based on this three-dimensional isotropic 17158 structure, and complete tunability due to the intrinsic softness and 17159 responsiveness of the liquid crystalline order against external fields. 17160 C1 ERATO, Yokoyama Nanostruct Liquid Crystal Project, JST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3002635, Japan. 17161 AIST, Nanotechnol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. 17162 RP Yamamoto, J, Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 17163 6068502, Japan. 17164 EM jun@junyamamoto.jp 17165 NR 17 17166 TC 0 17167 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17168 PI LONDON 17169 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17170 SN 0028-0836 17171 J9 NATURE 17172 JI Nature 17173 PD SEP 22 17174 PY 2005 17175 VL 437 17176 IS 7058 17177 BP 525 17178 EP 528 17179 PG 4 17180 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17181 GA 966FF 17182 UT ISI:000232004800044 17183 ER 17184 17185 PT J 17186 AU Ciais, P 17187 Reichstein, M 17188 Viovy, N 17189 Granier, A 17190 Ogee, J 17191 Allard, V 17192 Aubinet, M 17193 Buchmann, N 17194 Bernhofer, C 17195 Carrara, A 17196 Chevallier, F 17197 De Noblet, N 17198 Friend, AD 17199 Friedlingstein, P 17200 Grunwald, T 17201 Heinesch, B 17202 Keronen, P 17203 Knohl, A 17204 Krinner, G 17205 Loustau, D 17206 Manca, G 17207 Matteucci, G 17208 Miglietta, F 17209 Ourcival, JM 17210 Papale, D 17211 Pilegaard, K 17212 Rambal, S 17213 Seufert, G 17214 Soussana, JF 17215 Sanz, MJ 17216 Schulze, ED 17217 Vesala, T 17218 Valentini, R 17219 TI Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and 17220 drought in 2003 17221 SO NATURE 17222 LA English 17223 DT Article 17224 ID CARBON; MODEL; FORESTS; BALANCE; STRESS; GROWTH; CO2 17225 AB Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate 17226 ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration(1,2). But although 17227 severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing 17228 climate(3,4), their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear. 17229 Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes, 17230 remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country- level crop 17231 yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003. We use a terrestrial 17232 biosphere simulation model(5) to assess continental- scale changes in 17233 primary productivity during 2003, and their consequences for the net 17234 carbon balance. We estimate a 30 per cent reduction in gross primary 17235 productivity over Europe, which resulted in a strong anomalous net 17236 source of carbon dioxide ( 0.5 Pg Cyr(-1)) to the atmosphere and 17237 reversed the effect of four years of net ecosystem carbon 17238 sequestration(6). Our results suggest that productivity reduction in 17239 eastern and western Europe can be explained by rainfall deficit and 17240 extreme summer heat, respectively. We also find that ecosystem 17241 respiration decreased together with gross primary productivity, rather 17242 than accelerating with the temperature rise. Model results, 17243 corroborated by historical records of crop yields, suggest that such a 17244 reduction in Europe's primary productivity is unprecedented during the 17245 last century. An increase in future drought events could turn temperate 17246 ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon- 17247 climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high 17248 latitudes(1,2). 17249 C1 Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 17250 Univ Tuscia, DISAFRI, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. 17251 Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. 17252 Ctr Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France. 17253 INRA, Ephyse, Funct Ecol & Environm Phys, F-33612 Villenave Dornon, France. 17254 INRA, Grassland Ecosyst Res, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France. 17255 ETH Zentrum, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. 17256 Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. 17257 Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Meteorol, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. 17258 Fdn CEAM, E-46980 Valencia, Spain. 17259 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. 17260 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. 17261 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 17262 Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. 17263 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. 17264 CNR, IBIMET, I-50144 Florence, Italy. 17265 CNRS, DREAM CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France. 17266 Riso Natl Lab, Biosyst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. 17267 RP Ciais, P, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. 17268 EM philippe.ciais@cea.fr 17269 NR 28 17270 TC 1 17271 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17272 PI LONDON 17273 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17274 SN 0028-0836 17275 J9 NATURE 17276 JI Nature 17277 PD SEP 22 17278 PY 2005 17279 VL 437 17280 IS 7058 17281 BP 529 17282 EP 533 17283 PG 5 17284 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17285 GA 966FF 17286 UT ISI:000232004800045 17287 ER 17288 17289 PT J 17290 AU Rubin, KH 17291 van der Zander, I 17292 Smith, MC 17293 Bergmanis, EC 17294 TI Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from Pb-210-Ra-226-Th-230 17295 disequilibria 17296 SO NATURE 17297 LA English 17298 DT Article 17299 ID URANIUM DECAY SERIES; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; U-SERIES; RADIOACTIVE 17300 DISEQUILIBRIA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; AXIAL VOLCANO; SEA-FLOOR; LAVAS; 17301 CONSTRAINTS; GENERATION 17302 AB Although 70 per cent of global crustal magmatism occurs at mid-ocean 17303 ridges(1) - where the heat budget controls crustal structure, 17304 hydrothermal activity and a vibrant biosphere - the tempo of magmatic 17305 inputs in these regions remains poorly understood. Such timescales can 17306 be assessed, however, with natural radioactive-decay- chain nuclides, 17307 because chemical disruption to secular equilibrium systems initiates 17308 parent - daughter disequilibria, which re- equilibrate by the shorter 17309 half- life in a pair. Here we use (210) Pb - (226) Ra - (230) Th 17310 radioactive disequilibria and other geochemical attributes in oceanic 17311 basalts less than 20 years old to infer that melts of the Earth's 17312 mantle can be transported, accumulated and erupted in a few decades. 17313 This implies that magmatic conditions can fluctuate rapidly at ridge 17314 volcanoes. (210) Pb deficits of up to 15 per cent relative to (226) Ra 17315 occur in normal mid- ocean ridge basalts, with the largest deficits in 17316 the most magnesium- rich lavas. The 22- year half- life of (210) Pb 17317 requires very recent fractionation of these two uranium- series 17318 nuclides. Relationships between (210) Pb- deficits, ( (226) Ra/ (230) 17319 Th) activity ratios and compatible trace- element ratios preclude 17320 crustal- magma differentiation or daughter- isotope degassing as the 17321 main causes for the signal. A mantle- melting model(2) can simulate 17322 observed disequilibria but preservation requires a subsequent mechanism 17323 to transport melt rapidly. The likelihood of magmatic disequilibria 17324 occurring before melt enters shallow crustal magma bodies also limits 17325 differentiation and heat replenishment timescales to decades at the 17326 localities studied. 17327 C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Ctr Volcanol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 17328 RP Rubin, KH, Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Ctr Volcanol, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680 17329 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 17330 EM krubin@hawaii.edu 17331 NR 30 17332 TC 1 17333 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17334 PI LONDON 17335 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17336 SN 0028-0836 17337 J9 NATURE 17338 JI Nature 17339 PD SEP 22 17340 PY 2005 17341 VL 437 17342 IS 7058 17343 BP 534 17344 EP 538 17345 PG 5 17346 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17347 GA 966FF 17348 UT ISI:000232004800046 17349 ER 17350 17351 PT J 17352 AU Schorlemmer, D 17353 Wiemer, S 17354 Wyss, M 17355 TI Variations in earthquake-size distribution across different stress 17356 regimes 17357 SO NATURE 17358 LA English 17359 DT Article 17360 ID FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; B-VALUE; RECURRENCE TIMES; 17361 CALIFORNIA; VALUES; FAULTS; DEPTH; ROCK 17362 AB The earthquake size distribution follows, in most instances, a power 17363 law(1,2), with the slope of this power law, the ' b value', commonly 17364 used to describe the relative occurrence of large and small events ( a 17365 high b value indicates a larger proportion of small earthquakes, and 17366 vice versa). Statistically significant variations of b values have been 17367 measured in laboratory experiments, mines and various tectonic regimes 17368 such as subducting slabs, near magma chambers, along fault zones and in 17369 aftershock zones(3). However, it has remained uncertain whether these 17370 differences are due to differing stress regimes, as it was questionable 17371 that samples in small volumes ( such as in laboratory specimens, mines 17372 and the shallow Earth's crust) are representative of earthquakes in 17373 general. Given the lack of physical understanding of these differences, 17374 the observation that b values approach the constant 1 if large volumes 17375 are sampled(4) was interpreted to indicate that b = 1 is a universal 17376 constant for earthquakes in general(5). Here we show that the b value 17377 varies systematically for different styles of faulting. We find that 17378 normal faulting events have the highest b values, thrust events the 17379 lowest and strike- slip events intermediate values. Given that thrust 17380 faults tend to be under higher stress than normal faults we infer that 17381 the b value acts as a stress meter that depends inversely on 17382 differential stress. 17383 C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Seismol Serv, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. 17384 World Agcy Planetary Monitoring & Earthquake Risk, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland. 17385 RP Schorlemmer, D, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Seismol 17386 Serv, Schafmattstr 30, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. 17387 EM danijel@sed.ethz.ch 17388 NR 28 17389 TC 0 17390 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17391 PI LONDON 17392 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17393 SN 0028-0836 17394 J9 NATURE 17395 JI Nature 17396 PD SEP 22 17397 PY 2005 17398 VL 437 17399 IS 7058 17400 BP 539 17401 EP 542 17402 PG 4 17403 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17404 GA 966FF 17405 UT ISI:000232004800047 17406 ER 17407 17408 PT J 17409 AU Konneke, M 17410 Bernhard, AE 17411 de la Torre, JR 17412 Walker, CB 17413 Waterbury, JB 17414 Stahl, DA 17415 TI Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon 17416 SO NATURE 17417 LA English 17418 DT Article 17419 ID PLANKTONIC ARCHAEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEQUENCE DATA; CRENARCHAEOTA; 17420 BACTERIA; FIXATION 17421 AB For years, microbiologists characterized the Archaea as obligate 17422 extremophiles that thrive in environments too harsh for other 17423 organisms. The limited physiological diversity among cultivated Archaea 17424 suggested that these organisms were metabolically constrained to a few 17425 environmental niches. For instance, all Crenarchaeota that are 17426 currently cultivated are sulphur-metabolizing thermophiles(1). However, 17427 landmark studies using cultivation- independent methods uncovered vast 17428 numbers of Crenarchaeota in cold oxic ocean waters(2,3). Subsequent 17429 molecular surveys demonstrated the ubiquity of these low- temperature 17430 Crenarchaeota in aquatic and terrestrial environments(4). The numerical 17431 dominance of marine Crenarchaeota - estimated at 10(28) cells in the 17432 world's oceans(5) - suggests that they have a major role in global 17433 biogeochemical cycles. Indeed, isotopic analyses of marine crenarchaeal 17434 lipids suggest that these planktonic Archaea fix inorganic carbon(6). 17435 Here we report the isolation of a marine crenarchaeote that grows 17436 chemolithoautotrophically by aerobically oxidizing ammonia to nitrite - 17437 the first observation of nitrification in the Archaea. The autotrophic 17438 metabolism of this isolate, and its close phylogenetic relationship to 17439 environmental marine crenarchaeal sequences, suggests that nitrifying 17440 marine Crenarchaeota may be important to global carbon and nitrogen 17441 cycles. 17442 C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. 17443 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. 17444 RP Stahl, DA, Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 17445 98195 USA. 17446 EM dastahl@u.washington.edu 17447 NR 27 17448 TC 0 17449 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17450 PI LONDON 17451 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17452 SN 0028-0836 17453 J9 NATURE 17454 JI Nature 17455 PD SEP 22 17456 PY 2005 17457 VL 437 17458 IS 7058 17459 BP 543 17460 EP 546 17461 PG 4 17462 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17463 GA 966FF 17464 UT ISI:000232004800048 17465 ER 17466 17467 PT J 17468 AU Wassen, MJ 17469 Venterink, HO 17470 Lapshina, ED 17471 Tanneberger, F 17472 TI Endangered plants persist under phosphorus limitation 17473 SO NATURE 17474 LA English 17475 DT Article 17476 ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NITROGEN; 17477 RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSTRAINTS; 17478 GRASSLANDS 17479 AB Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of 17480 plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based 17481 on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species 17482 richness correlates negatively with high productivity(1,2) and nitrogen 17483 enrichment(3). However, as the type of nutrient limitation has never 17484 been examined on a large geographical scale the causality of these 17485 relationships is uncertain. We investigated species richness in 17486 herbaceous terrestrial ecosystems, sampled along a transect through 17487 temperate Eurasia that represented a gradient of declining levels of 17488 atmospheric nitrogen deposition - from similar to 50 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) 17489 in western Europe to natural background values of less than 5 kg ha(-1) 17490 yr(-1) in Siberia(4). Here we show that many more endangered plant 17491 species persist under phosphorus- limited than under nitrogen- limited 17492 conditions, and we conclude that enhanced phosphorus is more likely to 17493 be the cause of species loss than nitrogen enrichment. Our results 17494 highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of 17495 phosphorus enrichment, and for a stronger focus on conservation 17496 management to reduce phosphorus availability. 17497 C1 Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. 17498 ETH, Geobot Inst, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland. 17499 Tomsk VV Kuibyshev State Univ, Dept Bot, Tomsk 634050, Russia. 17500 Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. 17501 RP Wassen, MJ, Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat, 17502 POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. 17503 EM m.wassen@geo.uu.nl 17504 NR 30 17505 TC 0 17506 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17507 PI LONDON 17508 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17509 SN 0028-0836 17510 J9 NATURE 17511 JI Nature 17512 PD SEP 22 17513 PY 2005 17514 VL 437 17515 IS 7058 17516 BP 547 17517 EP 550 17518 PG 4 17519 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17520 GA 966FF 17521 UT ISI:000232004800049 17522 ER 17523 17524 PT J 17525 AU Nusbaum, C 17526 Zody, MC 17527 Borowsky, ML 17528 Kamal, M 17529 Kodira, CD 17530 Taylor, TD 17531 Whittaker, CA 17532 Chang, JL 17533 Cuomo, CA 17534 Dewar, K 17535 FitzGerald, MG 17536 Yang, XP 17537 Abouelleil, A 17538 Allen, NR 17539 Anderson, S 17540 Bloom, T 17541 Bugalter, B 17542 Butler, J 17543 Cook, A 17544 DeCaprio, D 17545 Engels, R 17546 Garber, M 17547 Gnirke, A 17548 Hafez, N 17549 Hall, JL 17550 Norman, CH 17551 Itoh, T 17552 Jaffe, DB 17553 Kuroki, Y 17554 Lehoczky, J 17555 Lui, A 17556 Macdonald, P 17557 Mauceli, E 17558 Mikkelsen, TS 17559 Naylor, JW 17560 Nicol, R 17561 Nguyen, C 17562 Noguchi, H 17563 O'Leary, SB 17564 Piqani, B 17565 Smith, CL 17566 Talamas, JA 17567 Topham, K 17568 Totoki, Y 17569 Toyoda, A 17570 Wain, HM 17571 Young, SK 17572 Zeng, QD 17573 Zimmer, AR 17574 Fujiyama, A 17575 Hattori, M 17576 Birren, BW 17577 Sakaki, Y 17578 Lander, ES 17579 TI DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18 17580 SO NATURE 17581 LA English 17582 DT Article 17583 ID HUMAN GENOME; GENE DESERTS; EVOLUTION; MOUSE; DUPLICATION; DATABASE; 17584 INVERSION; SEARCH; BLAST; MAP 17585 AB Chromosome 18 appears to have the lowest gene density of any human 17586 chromosome and is one of only three chromosomes for which trisomic 17587 individuals survive to term(1). There are also a number of genetic 17588 disorders stemming from chromosome 18 trisomy and aneuploidy. Here we 17589 report the finished sequence and gene annotation of human chromosome 17590 18, which will allow a better understanding of the normal and disease 17591 biology of this chromosome. Despite the low density of protein- coding 17592 genes on chromosome 18, we find that the proportion of non- 17593 protein-coding sequences evolutionarily conserved among mammals is 17594 close to the genome- wide average. Extending this analysis to the 17595 entire human genome, we find that the density of conserved non- 17596 protein- coding sequences is largely uncorrelated with gene density. 17597 This has important implications for the nature and roles of non- 17598 protein- coding sequence elements. 17599 C1 MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. 17600 Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. 17601 RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. 17602 Mitsubishi Res Inst Inc, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008141, Japan. 17603 Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan. 17604 Univ London Univ Coll, Galton Lab, HUGO Gene Nomenclature Comm, London NW1 2HE, England. 17605 Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan. 17606 Kitasato Univ, Kitsato Inst Life Sci, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan. 17607 RP Nusbaum, C, MIT, Broad Inst, 320 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA. 17608 EM chad@broad.mit.edu 17609 NR 34 17610 TC 0 17611 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17612 PI LONDON 17613 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17614 SN 0028-0836 17615 J9 NATURE 17616 JI Nature 17617 PD SEP 22 17618 PY 2005 17619 VL 437 17620 IS 7058 17621 BP 551 17622 EP 555 17623 PG 5 17624 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17625 GA 966FF 17626 UT ISI:000232004800050 17627 ER 17628 17629 PT J 17630 AU Harris, GC 17631 Wimmer, M 17632 Aston-Jones, G 17633 TI A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking 17634 SO NATURE 17635 LA English 17636 DT Article 17637 ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RAT-BRAIN; HYPOCRETIN 17638 OREXIN; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FOS EXPRESSION; PREFERENCE; STRESS; 17639 NEUROPEPTIDES; ENVIRONMENT 17640 AB The lateral hypothalamus is a brain region historically implicated in 17641 reward and motivation(1 - 4), but the identity of the neurotransmitters 17642 involved are unknown. The orexins ( or hypocretins) are neuropeptides 17643 recently identified as neurotransmitters in lateral hypothalamus 17644 neurons(5,6). Although knockout and transgenic overexpression studies 17645 have implicated orexin neurons in arousal and sleep(7), these cells 17646 also project to reward- associated brain regions, including the nucleus 17647 accumbens and ventral tegmental area(8,9). This indicates a possible 17648 role for these neurons in reward function and motivation(3,10), 17649 consistent with previous studies implicating these neurons in 17650 feeding(6). Here we show that activation of lateral hypothalamus orexin 17651 neurons is strongly linked to preferences for cues associated with drug 17652 and food reward. In addition, we show that chemical activation of 17653 lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons reinstates an extinguished drug- 17654 seeking behaviour. This reinstatement effect was completely blocked by 17655 prior administration of an orexin A antagonist. Moreover, 17656 administration of the orexin A peptide directly into the ventral 17657 tegmental area also reinstated drug- seeking. These data reveal a new 17658 role for lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons in reward- seeking, drug 17659 relapse and addiction. 17660 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Lab Neuromodulat & Behav, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 17661 RP Harris, GC, Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Lab Neuromodulat & Behav, 705 17662 Stellar Chance 6100,422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. 17663 EM glenda@dolphin.upenn.edu 17664 NR 31 17665 TC 0 17666 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17667 PI LONDON 17668 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17669 SN 0028-0836 17670 J9 NATURE 17671 JI Nature 17672 PD SEP 22 17673 PY 2005 17674 VL 437 17675 IS 7058 17676 BP 556 17677 EP 559 17678 PG 4 17679 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17680 GA 966FF 17681 UT ISI:000232004800051 17682 ER 17683 17684 PT J 17685 AU Hsiung, F 17686 Ramirez-Weber, FA 17687 Iwaki, DD 17688 Kornberg, TB 17689 TI Dependence of Drosophila wing imaginal disc cytonemes on decapentaplegic 17690 SO NATURE 17691 LA English 17692 DT Article 17693 ID LONG-RANGE ACTION; GRADIENT FORMATION; MORPHOGEN GRADIENT; TRACHEAL 17694 SYSTEM; DPP; HEDGEHOG; CELLS; FGF; EXPRESSION; FILOPODIA 17695 AB The anterior/ posterior ( A/ P) and dorsal/ ventral ( D/ V) compartment 17696 borders that subdivide the wing imaginal discs of Drosophila third 17697 instar larvae are each associated with a developmental organizer. 17698 Decapentaplegic ( Dpp), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta 17699 ( TGF-beta) superfamily, embodies the activity of the A/ P organizer. 17700 It is produced at the A/ P organizer and distributes in a gradient of 17701 decreasing concentration to regulate target genes, functioning non- 17702 autonomously to regulate growth and patterning of both the anterior and 17703 posterior compartments(1 - 3). Wingless ( Wg) is produced at the D/ V 17704 organizer and embodies its activity(4,5). The mechanisms that 17705 distribute Dpp and Wg are not known, but proposed mechanisms include 17706 extracellular diffusion(6), successive transfers between neighbouring 17707 cells(7,8), vesicle- mediated movement(9), and direct transfer via 17708 cytonemes(10). Cytonemes are actin-based filopodial extensions that 17709 have been found to orient towards the A/ P organizer from outlying 17710 cells. Here we show that in the wing disc, cytonemes orient towards 17711 both the A/ P and D/ V organizers, and that their presence and 17712 orientation correlates with Dpp signalling. We also show that the Dpp 17713 receptor, Thickveins ( Tkv), is present in punctae that move along 17714 cytonemes. These observations are consistent with a role for cytonemes 17715 in signal transduction. 17716 C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 17717 RP Kornberg, TB, Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San 17718 Francisco, CA 94143 USA. 17719 EM tkornberg@biochem.ucsf.edu 17720 NR 24 17721 TC 0 17722 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17723 PI LONDON 17724 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17725 SN 0028-0836 17726 J9 NATURE 17727 JI Nature 17728 PD SEP 22 17729 PY 2005 17730 VL 437 17731 IS 7058 17732 BP 560 17733 EP 563 17734 PG 4 17735 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17736 GA 966FF 17737 UT ISI:000232004800052 17738 ER 17739 17740 PT J 17741 AU Varela, I 17742 Cadinanos, J 17743 Pendas, AM 17744 Gutierrez-Fernandez, A 17745 Folgueras, AR 17746 Sanchez, LM 17747 Zhou, ZJ 17748 Rodriguez, FJ 17749 Stewart, CL 17750 Vega, JA 17751 Tryggvason, K 17752 Freije, JMP 17753 Lopez-Otin, C 17754 TI Accelerated ageing in mice deficient in Zmpste24 protease is linked to 17755 p53 signalling activation 17756 SO NATURE 17757 LA English 17758 DT Article 17759 ID A-TYPE LAMINS; HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO; 17760 METALLOPROTEINASE; SENESCENCE; PHENOTYPES; MUTATIONS; CANCER; CELLS 17761 AB Zmpste24 ( also called FACE- 1) is a metalloproteinase involved in the 17762 maturation of lamin A ( Lmna), an essential component of the nuclear 17763 envelope(1 - 3). Both Zmpste24- and Lmna- deficient mice exhibit 17764 profound nuclear architecture abnormalities and multiple 17765 histopathological defects that phenocopy an accelerated ageing 17766 process(1,2,4,5). Similarly, diverse human progeroid syndromes are 17767 caused by mutations in ZMPSTE24 or LMNA genes(6 - 10). To elucidate the 17768 molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating diseases, we have 17769 analysed the transcriptional alterations occurring in tissues from 17770 Zmpste24- deficient mice. We demonstrate that Zmpste24 deficiency 17771 elicits a stress signalling pathway that is evidenced by a marked 17772 upregulation of p53 target genes, and accompanied by a senescence 17773 phenotype at the cellular level and accelerated ageing at the 17774 organismal level. These phenotypes are largely rescued in Zmpste24 17775 (-/-) Lmna (+/-) mice and partially reversed in Zmpste24 (-/-) p53 17776 (-/-) mice. These findings provide evidence for the existence of a 17777 checkpoint response activated by the nuclear abnormalities caused by 17778 prelamin A accumulation, and support the concept that hyperactivation 17779 of the tumour suppressor p53 may cause accelerated ageing(11). 17780 C1 Inst Univ Oncol, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Oviedo, Spain. 17781 Univ Oviedo, Dept Morfol & Biol Celular, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. 17782 Karolinska Inst, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. 17783 NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. 17784 RP Lopez-Otin, C, Inst Univ Oncol, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, 17785 Oviedo, Spain. 17786 EM clo@uniovi.es 17787 NR 30 17788 TC 0 17789 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17790 PI LONDON 17791 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17792 SN 0028-0836 17793 J9 NATURE 17794 JI Nature 17795 PD SEP 22 17796 PY 2005 17797 VL 437 17798 IS 7058 17799 BP 564 17800 EP 568 17801 PG 5 17802 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17803 GA 966FF 17804 UT ISI:000232004800053 17805 ER 17806 17807 PT J 17808 AU Zhang, J 17809 Hupfeld, CJ 17810 Taylor, SS 17811 Olefsky, JM 17812 Tsien, RY 17813 TI Insulin disrupts beta-adrenergic signalling to protein kinase A in 17814 adipocytes 17815 SO NATURE 17816 LA English 17817 DT Article 17818 ID 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION; 17819 GRANULOSA-CELLS; CAMP; PHOSPHORYLATION; BETA-ARRESTIN-1; 17820 DESENSITIZATION; STIMULATION; ACTIVATION 17821 AB Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate 17822 signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which 17823 are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase 17824 signalling specificity(1). These scaffold proteins may themselves be 17825 modulated by hormones(2 - 4). In adipocytes, stimulation of beta- 17826 adrenergic receptors increases cyclic AMP levels and activates protein 17827 kinase A ( PKA)(5), which stimulates lipolysis by phosphorylating 17828 hormone- sensitive lipase and perilipin(6 - 8). Acute insulin treatment 17829 activates phosphodiesterase 3B, reduces cAMP levels and quenches beta- 17830 adrenergic receptor signalling(9). In contrast, chronic 17831 hyperinsulinaemic conditions ( typical of type 2 diabetes) enhance 17832 beta- adrenergic receptor- mediated cAMP production(10). This 17833 amplification of cAMP signalling is paradoxical because it should 17834 enhance lipolysis, the opposite of the known short- term effect of 17835 hyperinsulinaemia. Here we show that in adipocytes, chronically high 17836 insulin levels inhibit beta- adrenergic receptors ( but not other cAMP- 17837 elevating stimuli) from activating PKA. We measured this using an 17838 improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous 17839 cAMP- response- element binding protein ( CREB). Disruption of PKA 17840 scaffolding mimics the interference of insulin with beta- adrenergic 17841 receptor signalling. Chronically high insulin levels may disrupt the 17842 close apposition of beta- adrenergic receptors and PKA, identifying a 17843 new mechanism for crosstalk between heterologous signal transduction 17844 pathways. 17845 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 17846 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 17847 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 17848 Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 17849 RP Tsien, RY, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. 17850 EM rtsien@ucsd.edu 17851 NR 26 17852 TC 0 17853 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17854 PI LONDON 17855 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17856 SN 0028-0836 17857 J9 NATURE 17858 JI Nature 17859 PD SEP 22 17860 PY 2005 17861 VL 437 17862 IS 7058 17863 BP 569 17864 EP 573 17865 PG 5 17866 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17867 GA 966FF 17868 UT ISI:000232004800054 17869 ER 17870 17871 PT J 17872 AU Dodge-Kafka, KL 17873 Soughayer, J 17874 Pare, GC 17875 Michel, JJC 17876 Langeberg, LK 17877 Kapiloff, MS 17878 Scott, JD 17879 TI The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated 17880 cAMP effector pathways 17881 SO NATURE 17882 LA English 17883 DT Article 17884 ID CYCLIC-AMP; DEPENDENT REGULATION; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; 17885 PHOSPHODIESTERASE; EPAC; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; MYOCYTES; 17886 BINDING; RAP1 17887 AB Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'- monophosphate ( cAMP) is a ubiquitous mediator 17888 of intracellular signalling events. It acts principally through 17889 stimulation of cAMP- dependent protein kinases ( PKAs)(1,2) but also 17890 activates certain ion channels and guanine nucleotide exchange factors 17891 ( Epacs)(3). Metabolism of cAMP is catalysed by phosphodiesterases ( 17892 PDEs) (4,5). Here we identify a cAMP- responsive signalling complex 17893 maintained by the muscle-specific A- kinase anchoring protein ( mAKAP) 17894 that includes PKA, PDE4D3 and Epac1. These intermolecular interactions 17895 facilitate the dissemination of distinct cAMP signals through each 17896 effector protein. Anchored PKA stimulates PDE4D3 to reduce local cAMP 17897 concentrations, whereas an mAKAP- associated ERK5 kinase module 17898 suppresses PDE4D3. PDE4D3 also functions as an adaptor protein that 17899 recruits Epac1, an exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1, to enable 17900 cAMP- dependent attenuation of ERK5. Pharmacological and molecular 17901 manipulations of the mAKAP complex show that anchored ERK5 can induce 17902 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, two coupled cAMP- dependent feedback 17903 loops are coordinated within the context of the mAKAP complex, 17904 suggesting that local control of cAMP signalling by AKAP proteins is 17905 more intricate than previously appreciated. 17906 C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. 17907 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. 17908 RP Scott, JD, Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Vollum Inst, 17909 Portland, OR 97239 USA. 17910 EM scott@ohsu.edu 17911 NR 30 17912 TC 0 17913 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17914 PI LONDON 17915 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17916 SN 0028-0836 17917 J9 NATURE 17918 JI Nature 17919 PD SEP 22 17920 PY 2005 17921 VL 437 17922 IS 7058 17923 BP 574 17924 EP 578 17925 PG 5 17926 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17927 GA 966FF 17928 UT ISI:000232004800055 17929 ER 17930 17931 PT J 17932 AU Russ, WP 17933 Lowery, DM 17934 Mishra, P 17935 Yaffe, MB 17936 Ranganathan, R 17937 TI Natural-like function in artificial WW domains 17938 SO NATURE 17939 LA English 17940 DT Article 17941 ID YES-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; LIGAND RECOGNITION; PROLINE; DESIGN; 17942 SPECIFICITY; MECHANISM; REDESIGN; COMPLEX; MODULES 17943 AB Protein sequences evolve through random mutagenesis with selection for 17944 optimal fitness(1). Cooperative folding into a stable tertiary 17945 structure is one aspect of fitness, but evolutionary selection 17946 ultimately operates on function, not on structure. In the accompanying 17947 paper(2), we proposed a model for the evolutionary constraint on a 17948 small protein interaction module ( the WW domain) through application 17949 of the SCA, a statistical analysis of multiple sequence 17950 alignments(3,4). Construction of artificial protein sequences directed 17951 only by the SCA showed that the information extracted by this analysis 17952 is sufficient to engineer the WW fold at atomic resolution. Here, we 17953 demonstrate that these artificial WW sequences function like their 17954 natural counterparts, showing class-specific recognition of proline- 17955 containing target peptides(5 - 8). Consistent with SCA predictions, a 17956 distributed network of residues mediates functional specificity in WW 17957 domains. The ability to recapitulate natural- like function in designed 17958 sequences shows that a relatively small quantity of sequence 17959 information is sufficient to specify the global energetics of amino 17960 acid interactions. 17961 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 17962 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. 17963 MIT, Dept Biol, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 17964 MIT, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 17965 RP Ranganathan, R, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, 17966 TX 75390 USA. 17967 EM rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu 17968 NR 29 17969 TC 1 17970 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 17971 PI LONDON 17972 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 17973 SN 0028-0836 17974 J9 NATURE 17975 JI Nature 17976 PD SEP 22 17977 PY 2005 17978 VL 437 17979 IS 7058 17980 BP 579 17981 EP 583 17982 PG 5 17983 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 17984 GA 966FF 17985 UT ISI:000232004800056 17986 ER 17987 17988 PT J 17989 AU Torres-Larios, A 17990 Swinger, KK 17991 Krasilnikov, AS 17992 Pan, T 17993 Mondragon, A 17994 TI Crystal structure of the RNA component of bacterial ribonuclease P 17995 SO NATURE 17996 LA English 17997 DT Article 17998 ID PHOTOAFFINITY CROSS-LINKING; MAGNESIUM-IONS; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ENZYME; 17999 CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE; RIBOZYME; RECOGNITION; 18000 BINDING; DOMAIN 18001 AB Transfer RNA ( tRNA) is produced as a precursor molecule that needs to 18002 be processed at its 30 and 50 ends. Ribonuclease P is the sole 18003 endonuclease responsible for processing the 50 end of tRNA by cleaving 18004 the precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It was one of the first 18005 catalytic RNA molecules identified(1) and consists of a single RNA 18006 component in all organisms and only one protein component in bacteria. 18007 It is a true multi- turnover ribozyme and one of only two ribozymes ( 18008 the other being the ribosome) that are conserved in all kingdoms of 18009 life. Here we show the crystal structure at 3.85 angstrom resolution of 18010 the RNA component of Thermotoga maritima ribonuclease P. The entire RNA 18011 catalytic component is revealed, as well as the arrangement of the two 18012 structural domains. The structure shows the general architecture of the 18013 RNA molecule, the inter- and intra- domain interactions, the location 18014 of the universally conserved regions, the regions involved in pre- tRNA 18015 recognition and the location of the active site. A model with bound 18016 tRNA is in agreement with all existing data and suggests the general 18017 basis for RNA - RNA recognition by this ribozyme. 18018 C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 18019 Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. 18020 RP Mondragon, A, Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, 18021 2153 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. 18022 EM a-mondragon@northwestern.edu 18023 NR 30 18024 TC 1 18025 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18026 PI LONDON 18027 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18028 SN 0028-0836 18029 J9 NATURE 18030 JI Nature 18031 PD SEP 22 18032 PY 2005 18033 VL 437 18034 IS 7058 18035 BP 584 18036 EP 587 18037 PG 4 18038 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18039 GA 966FF 18040 UT ISI:000232004800057 18041 ER 18042 18043 PT J 18044 AU Rosenbaum, B 18045 TI Falling - The view from here. 18046 SO NATURE 18047 LA English 18048 DT Editorial Material 18049 NR 0 18050 TC 0 18051 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18052 PI LONDON 18053 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18054 SN 0028-0836 18055 J9 NATURE 18056 JI Nature 18057 PD SEP 22 18058 PY 2005 18059 VL 437 18060 IS 7058 18061 BP 594 18062 EP 594 18063 PG 1 18064 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18065 GA 966FF 18066 UT ISI:000232004800058 18067 ER 18068 18069 PT J 18070 AU [Anon] 18071 TI The hand that feeds 18072 SO NATURE 18073 LA English 18074 DT Editorial Material 18075 NR 0 18076 TC 0 18077 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18078 PI LONDON 18079 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18080 SN 0028-0836 18081 J9 NATURE 18082 JI Nature 18083 PD SEP 15 18084 PY 2005 18085 VL 437 18086 IS 7057 18087 BP 295 18088 EP 295 18089 PG 1 18090 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18091 GA 964AS 18092 UT ISI:000231849100001 18093 ER 18094 18095 PT J 18096 AU [Anon] 18097 TI Global reach 18098 SO NATURE 18099 LA English 18100 DT Editorial Material 18101 NR 0 18102 TC 0 18103 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18104 PI LONDON 18105 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18106 SN 0028-0836 18107 J9 NATURE 18108 JI Nature 18109 PD SEP 15 18110 PY 2005 18111 VL 437 18112 IS 7057 18113 BP 295 18114 EP 296 18115 PG 2 18116 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18117 GA 964AS 18118 UT ISI:000231849100002 18119 ER 18120 18121 PT J 18122 AU [Anon] 18123 TI All things equal 18124 SO NATURE 18125 LA English 18126 DT Editorial Material 18127 NR 0 18128 TC 0 18129 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18130 PI LONDON 18131 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18132 SN 0028-0836 18133 J9 NATURE 18134 JI Nature 18135 PD SEP 15 18136 PY 2005 18137 VL 437 18138 IS 7057 18139 BP 296 18140 EP 296 18141 PG 1 18142 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18143 GA 964AS 18144 UT ISI:000231849100003 18145 ER 18146 18147 PT J 18148 AU Dalton, R 18149 TI New Orleans researchers fight to salvage work from submerged labs 18150 SO NATURE 18151 LA English 18152 DT News Item 18153 AB Hurricane Katrina has devastated research laboratories in New Orleans. 18154 Rescue teams discovered that many frozen specimens and cell cultures 18155 had thawed, making them useless, some projects however have been saved 18156 by academic rescue teamgoing into flooded buildings and topping up 18157 dewars of liquid nitrogen to keepspecimens cold. Scientists have moved 18158 as far as California to maintain their projects after the aftermath of 18159 Hurricane Katrina. 18160 NR 1 18161 TC 1 18162 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18163 PI LONDON 18164 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18165 SN 0028-0836 18166 J9 NATURE 18167 JI Nature 18168 PD SEP 15 18169 PY 2005 18170 VL 437 18171 IS 7057 18172 BP 300 18173 EP 300 18174 PG 1 18175 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18176 GA 964AS 18177 UT ISI:000231849100004 18178 ER 18179 18180 PT J 18181 AU Marris, E 18182 Marris, E 18183 TI First tests show flood waters high in bacteria and lead 18184 SO NATURE 18185 LA English 18186 DT News Item 18187 AB As the clean- up operation along the US Gulf Coast gets into full 18188 swing, the environmental effects of Hurricane Katrina are slowly coming 18189 light. 18190 NR 0 18191 TC 0 18192 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18193 PI LONDON 18194 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18195 SN 0028-0836 18196 J9 NATURE 18197 JI Nature 18198 PD SEP 15 18199 PY 2005 18200 VL 437 18201 IS 7057 18202 BP 301 18203 EP 301 18204 PG 1 18205 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18206 GA 964AS 18207 UT ISI:000231849100005 18208 ER 18209 18210 PT J 18211 AU Schiermeier, Q 18212 TI US tests satellite tool for hurricane monitoring 18213 SO NATURE 18214 LA English 18215 DT News Item 18216 NR 0 18217 TC 0 18218 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18219 PI LONDON 18220 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18221 SN 0028-0836 18222 J9 NATURE 18223 JI Nature 18224 PD SEP 15 18225 PY 2005 18226 VL 437 18227 IS 7057 18228 BP 301 18229 EP 301 18230 PG 1 18231 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18232 GA 964AS 18233 UT ISI:000231849100006 18234 ER 18235 18236 PT J 18237 AU Dalton, R 18238 TI Ornithologists stunned by bird collector's deceit 18239 SO NATURE 18240 LA English 18241 DT News Item 18242 AB The British Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen earned many illustrious 18243 titles during his life of globe-trotting, including soldier, spy and 18244 even scientist. Now an extensive analysis of bird specimens he 18245 collected across continents adds another label: fraud artist. 18246 NR 0 18247 TC 0 18248 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18249 PI LONDON 18250 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18251 SN 0028-0836 18252 J9 NATURE 18253 JI Nature 18254 PD SEP 15 18255 PY 2005 18256 VL 437 18257 IS 7057 18258 BP 302 18259 EP 303 18260 PG 2 18261 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18262 GA 964AS 18263 UT ISI:000231849100007 18264 ER 18265 18266 PT J 18267 AU Dennis, C 18268 TI Free mice herald launch of Asia-Pacific network 18269 SO NATURE 18270 LA English 18271 DT News Item 18272 AB Developmental biologists in Asia-Pacific countries have come up with an 18273 intriguing incentive to boost research in the region giving away 18274 transgenic mice forfree. 18275 NR 0 18276 TC 0 18277 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18278 PI LONDON 18279 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18280 SN 0028-0836 18281 J9 NATURE 18282 JI Nature 18283 PD SEP 15 18284 PY 2005 18285 VL 437 18286 IS 7057 18287 BP 302 18288 EP 303 18289 PG 2 18290 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18291 GA 964AS 18292 UT ISI:000231849100008 18293 ER 18294 18295 PT J 18296 AU Khamsi, R 18297 TI Can we score the millennium goals? 18298 SO NATURE 18299 LA English 18300 DT News Item 18301 AB As world leaders gather in New York this week to discuss the future of 18302 the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, critics are warning 18303 that many of the targets cannot be evaluated scientifically. Unless the 18304 goals are peer reviewed and amended to take account of what can 18305 actually be measured, they say, theproject will fail. 18306 NR 0 18307 TC 0 18308 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18309 PI LONDON 18310 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18311 SN 0028-0836 18312 J9 NATURE 18313 JI Nature 18314 PD SEP 15 18315 PY 2005 18316 VL 437 18317 IS 7057 18318 BP 304 18319 EP 304 18320 PG 1 18321 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18322 GA 964AS 18323 UT ISI:000231849100009 18324 ER 18325 18326 PT J 18327 AU Wild, J 18328 TI Europe backs trials on drugs for kids 18329 SO NATURE 18330 LA English 18331 DT News Item 18332 AB The European parliament has decided that clinical drug trials should be 18333 preformed on children in approprite age groups.To date drug companies 18334 have been slowto test their products on children. 18335 NR 0 18336 TC 0 18337 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18338 PI LONDON 18339 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18340 SN 0028-0836 18341 J9 NATURE 18342 JI Nature 18343 PD SEP 15 18344 PY 2005 18345 VL 437 18346 IS 7057 18347 BP 304 18348 EP 305 18349 PG 2 18350 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18351 GA 964AS 18352 UT ISI:000231849100010 18353 ER 18354 18355 PT J 18356 AU Check, E 18357 TI UK embryo licence draws global attention 18358 SO NATURE 18359 LA English 18360 DT News Item 18361 AB Scientists in Britain have been granted permission to perform 18362 controversial experiments that will create human embryos using genetic 18363 material from three people.Scientists are allowed to transfer the 18364 nucleus of a fertilized egg into anegg donated by a second woman. 18365 NR 0 18366 TC 1 18367 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18368 PI LONDON 18369 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18370 SN 0028-0836 18371 J9 NATURE 18372 JI Nature 18373 PD SEP 15 18374 PY 2005 18375 VL 437 18376 IS 7057 18377 BP 305 18378 EP 305 18379 PG 1 18380 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18381 GA 964AS 18382 UT ISI:000231849100011 18383 ER 18384 18385 PT J 18386 AU Reichhardt, T 18387 TI Spacecraft on course to score a first with asteroid samples 18388 SO NATURE 18389 LA English 18390 DT News Item 18391 NR 0 18392 TC 0 18393 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18394 PI LONDON 18395 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18396 SN 0028-0836 18397 J9 NATURE 18398 JI Nature 18399 PD SEP 15 18400 PY 2005 18401 VL 437 18402 IS 7057 18403 BP 306 18404 EP 306 18405 PG 1 18406 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18407 GA 964AS 18408 UT ISI:000231849100012 18409 ER 18410 18411 PT J 18412 AU Giles, J 18413 TI The nightmare before funding 18414 SO NATURE 18415 LA English 18416 DT News Item 18417 NR 0 18418 TC 2 18419 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18420 PI LONDON 18421 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18422 SN 0028-0836 18423 J9 NATURE 18424 JI Nature 18425 PD SEP 15 18426 PY 2005 18427 VL 437 18428 IS 7057 18429 BP 308 18430 EP 311 18431 PG 4 18432 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18433 GA 964AS 18434 UT ISI:000231849100013 18435 ER 18436 18437 PT J 18438 AU Abbott, A 18439 TI Paper, paper, everywhere ... 18440 SO NATURE 18441 LA English 18442 DT News Item 18443 NR 0 18444 TC 0 18445 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18446 PI LONDON 18447 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18448 SN 0028-0836 18449 J9 NATURE 18450 JI Nature 18451 PD SEP 15 18452 PY 2005 18453 VL 437 18454 IS 7057 18455 BP 310 18456 EP 310 18457 PG 1 18458 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18459 GA 964AS 18460 UT ISI:000231849100014 18461 ER 18462 18463 PT J 18464 AU Bergeron, K 18465 TI The inside track 18466 SO NATURE 18467 LA English 18468 DT Editorial Material 18469 NR 0 18470 TC 0 18471 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18472 PI LONDON 18473 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18474 SN 0028-0836 18475 J9 NATURE 18476 JI Nature 18477 PD SEP 15 18478 PY 2005 18479 VL 437 18480 IS 7057 18481 BP 311 18482 EP 311 18483 PG 1 18484 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18485 GA 964AS 18486 UT ISI:000231849100015 18487 ER 18488 18489 PT J 18490 AU Marshall, J 18491 TI Megacity, mega mess ... 18492 SO NATURE 18493 LA English 18494 DT News Item 18495 ID RISK-FACTORS; INDONESIA; JAKARTA 18496 NR 7 18497 TC 0 18498 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18499 PI LONDON 18500 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18501 SN 0028-0836 18502 J9 NATURE 18503 JI Nature 18504 PD SEP 15 18505 PY 2005 18506 VL 437 18507 IS 7057 18508 BP 312 18509 EP 314 18510 PG 3 18511 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18512 GA 964AS 18513 UT ISI:000231849100016 18514 ER 18515 18516 PT J 18517 AU Chipman, A 18518 TI Defence group aims for take-off 18519 SO NATURE 18520 LA English 18521 DT News Item 18522 NR 0 18523 TC 0 18524 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18525 PI LONDON 18526 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18527 SN 0028-0836 18528 J9 NATURE 18529 JI Nature 18530 PD SEP 15 18531 PY 2005 18532 VL 437 18533 IS 7057 18534 BP 316 18535 EP 317 18536 PG 2 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ER 18626 18627 PT J 18628 AU Phang, IY 18629 TI Malaysia can't thrive while it excludes minority talent 18630 SO NATURE 18631 LA English 18632 DT Letter 18633 C1 Univ Twente, Dept Mat Sci & Technol Polymers, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. 18634 RP Phang, IY, Univ Twente, Dept Mat Sci & Technol Polymers, POB 217, 18635 NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. 18636 NR 1 18637 TC 0 18638 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18639 PI LONDON 18640 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18641 SN 0028-0836 18642 J9 NATURE 18643 JI Nature 18644 PD SEP 15 18645 PY 2005 18646 VL 437 18647 IS 7057 18648 BP 318 18649 EP 318 18650 PG 1 18651 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18652 GA 964AS 18653 UT ISI:000231849100021 18654 ER 18655 18656 PT J 18657 AU Dodd, AN 18658 Hotta, CT 18659 Gardner, MJ 18660 TI Harry Potter and the prisoner of presumption 18661 SO NATURE 18662 LA English 18663 DT Letter 18664 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. 18665 RP Dodd, AN, Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 18666 3EA, England. 18667 NR 1 18668 TC 0 18669 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18670 PI LONDON 18671 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18672 SN 0028-0836 18673 J9 NATURE 18674 JI Nature 18675 PD SEP 15 18676 PY 2005 18677 VL 437 18678 IS 7057 18679 BP 318 18680 EP 318 18681 PG 1 18682 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18683 GA 964AS 18684 UT ISI:000231849100022 18685 ER 18686 18687 PT J 18688 AU Markl, HS 18689 TI Insatiable curiosity: Innovation in a fragile future 18690 SO NATURE 18691 LA German 18692 DT Book Review 18693 C1 Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. 18694 RP Markl, HS, Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. 18695 NR 1 18696 TC 0 18697 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18698 PI LONDON 18699 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18700 SN 0028-0836 18701 J9 NATURE 18702 JI Nature 18703 PD SEP 15 18704 PY 2005 18705 VL 437 18706 IS 7057 18707 BP 319 18708 EP 320 18709 PG 2 18710 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18711 GA 964AS 18712 UT ISI:000231849100023 18713 ER 18714 18715 PT J 18716 AU Hunt, J 18717 TI The weather in the imagination 18718 SO NATURE 18719 LA English 18720 DT Book Review 18721 C1 Univ Coll London, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, Dept Space & Climate Phys, London WC1E 6BT, England. 18722 RP Hunt, J, Univ Coll London, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, Dept Space & 18723 Climate Phys, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. 18724 NR 1 18725 TC 0 18726 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18727 PI LONDON 18728 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18729 SN 0028-0836 18730 J9 NATURE 18731 JI Nature 18732 PD SEP 15 18733 PY 2005 18734 VL 437 18735 IS 7057 18736 BP 320 18737 EP 321 18738 PG 2 18739 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18740 GA 964AS 18741 UT ISI:000231849100024 18742 ER 18743 18744 PT J 18745 AU Findlay, JM 18746 TI The moving tablet of the eye: The origins of modern eye movement 18747 research 18748 SO NATURE 18749 LA English 18750 DT Book Review 18751 C1 Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. 18752 RP Findlay, JM, Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, 18753 England. 18754 NR 1 18755 TC 0 18756 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18757 PI LONDON 18758 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18759 SN 0028-0836 18760 J9 NATURE 18761 JI Nature 18762 PD SEP 15 18763 PY 2005 18764 VL 437 18765 IS 7057 18766 BP 321 18767 EP 321 18768 PG 1 18769 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18770 GA 964AS 18771 UT ISI:000231849100025 18772 ER 18773 18774 PT J 18775 AU Farmelo, G 18776 TI Dirac's hidden geometry 18777 SO NATURE 18778 LA English 18779 DT Editorial Material 18780 C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 18781 RP Farmelo, G, Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. 18782 NR 2 18783 TC 0 18784 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18785 PI LONDON 18786 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18787 SN 0028-0836 18788 J9 NATURE 18789 JI Nature 18790 PD SEP 15 18791 PY 2005 18792 VL 437 18793 IS 7057 18794 BP 323 18795 EP 323 18796 PG 1 18797 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18798 GA 964AS 18799 UT ISI:000231849100026 18800 ER 18801 18802 PT J 18803 AU Mohanty, P 18804 TI Nanotechnology - Nano-oscillators get it together 18805 SO NATURE 18806 LA English 18807 DT Editorial Material 18808 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. 18809 RP Mohanty, P, Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 18810 02215 USA. 18811 EM mohanty@physics.bu.edu 18812 NR 12 18813 TC 0 18814 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18815 PI LONDON 18816 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18817 SN 0028-0836 18818 J9 NATURE 18819 JI Nature 18820 PD SEP 15 18821 PY 2005 18822 VL 437 18823 IS 7057 18824 BP 325 18825 EP 326 18826 PG 2 18827 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18828 GA 964AS 18829 UT ISI:000231849100027 18830 ER 18831 18832 PT J 18833 AU Rogers, YH 18834 Venter, JC 18835 TI Genomics - Massively parallel sequencing 18836 SO NATURE 18837 LA English 18838 DT Editorial Material 18839 C1 J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. 18840 RP Rogers, YH, J Craig Venter Inst, 9704 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 18841 USA. 18842 EM jcventer@venterinstitute.org 18843 NR 9 18844 TC 0 18845 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18846 PI LONDON 18847 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18848 SN 0028-0836 18849 J9 NATURE 18850 JI Nature 18851 PD SEP 15 18852 PY 2005 18853 VL 437 18854 IS 7057 18855 BP 326 18856 EP 327 18857 PG 2 18858 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18859 GA 964AS 18860 UT ISI:000231849100028 18861 ER 18862 18863 PT J 18864 AU Meerholz, K 18865 TI Device physics - Enlightening solutions 18866 SO NATURE 18867 LA English 18868 DT Editorial Material 18869 ID POLYMERS 18870 C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. 18871 RP Meerholz, K, Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, Luxemburgerstr 116, D-50939 18872 Cologne, Germany. 18873 EM klaus.meerholz@uni-koeln.de 18874 NR 8 18875 TC 0 18876 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18877 PI LONDON 18878 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18879 SN 0028-0836 18880 J9 NATURE 18881 JI Nature 18882 PD SEP 15 18883 PY 2005 18884 VL 437 18885 IS 7057 18886 BP 327 18887 EP 328 18888 PG 2 18889 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18890 GA 964AS 18891 UT ISI:000231849100029 18892 ER 18893 18894 PT J 18895 AU Barrientos, S 18896 TI Earthquakes - Giant returns in time 18897 SO NATURE 18898 LA English 18899 DT Editorial Material 18900 ID DEFORMATION; CHILE 18901 C1 Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. 18902 RP Barrientos, S, Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, POB 18903 1200, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. 18904 EM sergio.barrientos@ctbto.org 18905 NR 9 18906 TC 0 18907 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18908 PI LONDON 18909 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18910 SN 0028-0836 18911 J9 NATURE 18912 JI Nature 18913 PD SEP 15 18914 PY 2005 18915 VL 437 18916 IS 7057 18917 BP 329 18918 EP 329 18919 PG 1 18920 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18921 GA 964AS 18922 UT ISI:000231849100030 18923 ER 18924 18925 PT J 18926 AU Winans, SC 18927 TI Microbiology - Bacterial speech bubbles 18928 SO NATURE 18929 LA English 18930 DT Editorial Material 18931 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 18932 RP Winans, SC, Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. 18933 EM scw2@cornell.edu 18934 NR 4 18935 TC 0 18936 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18937 PI LONDON 18938 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18939 SN 0028-0836 18940 J9 NATURE 18941 JI Nature 18942 PD SEP 15 18943 PY 2005 18944 VL 437 18945 IS 7057 18946 BP 330 18947 EP 330 18948 PG 1 18949 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18950 GA 964AS 18951 UT ISI:000231849100031 18952 ER 18953 18954 PT J 18955 AU Mahadevan, L 18956 Mitchison, TJ 18957 TI Cell biology: powerful curves (vol 435, pg 895, 2005) 18958 SO NATURE 18959 LA English 18960 DT Correction 18961 ID CAP 18962 NR 6 18963 TC 0 18964 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18965 PI LONDON 18966 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18967 SN 0028-0836 18968 J9 NATURE 18969 JI Nature 18970 PD SEP 15 18971 PY 2005 18972 VL 437 18973 IS 7057 18974 BP 330 18975 EP 330 18976 PG 1 18977 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 18978 GA 964AS 18979 UT ISI:000231849100032 18980 ER 18981 18982 PT J 18983 AU Heimann, M 18984 TI Charles David Keeling 1928-2005 - Pioneer in the modern science of 18985 climate change. Obituary 18986 SO NATURE 18987 LA English 18988 DT Biographical-Item 18989 C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. 18990 RP Heimann, M, Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, PF 100164, D-07701 Jena, 18991 Germany. 18992 EM martin.heimann@bgc-jena.mpg.de 18993 NR 1 18994 TC 0 18995 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 18996 PI LONDON 18997 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 18998 SN 0028-0836 18999 J9 NATURE 19000 JI Nature 19001 PD SEP 15 19002 PY 2005 19003 VL 437 19004 IS 7057 19005 BP 331 19006 EP 331 19007 PG 1 19008 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19009 GA 964AS 19010 UT ISI:000231849100033 19011 ER 19012 19013 PT J 19014 AU Spalding, KL 19015 Buchholz, BA 19016 Bergman, LE 19017 Druid, H 19018 Frisen, J 19019 TI Age written in teeth by nuclear tests 19020 SO NATURE 19021 LA English 19022 DT Editorial Material 19023 ID C-14 19024 C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Med Nobel Inst, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. 19025 Karolinska Inst, Dept Forens Med, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. 19026 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. 19027 RP Spalding, KL, Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Med Nobel Inst, 19028 S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. 19029 EM jonas.frisen@cmb.ki.se 19030 NR 10 19031 TC 1 19032 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19033 PI LONDON 19034 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19035 SN 0028-0836 19036 J9 NATURE 19037 JI Nature 19038 PD SEP 15 19039 PY 2005 19040 VL 437 19041 IS 7057 19042 BP 333 19043 EP 334 19044 PG 2 19045 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19046 GA 964AS 19047 UT ISI:000231849100034 19048 ER 19049 19050 PT J 19051 AU Gandia-Herrero, F 19052 Garcia-Carmona, F 19053 Escribano, J 19054 TI Floral fluorescence effect 19055 SO NATURE 19056 LA English 19057 DT Editorial Material 19058 ID BETAXANTHINS 19059 C1 Univ Murcia, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol A, Unidad Docente Biol, Fac Vet, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. 19060 RP Gandia-Herrero, F, Univ Murcia, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol A, Unidad 19061 Docente Biol, Fac Vet, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. 19062 EM gcarmona@um.es 19063 NR 10 19064 TC 0 19065 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19066 PI LONDON 19067 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19068 SN 0028-0836 19069 J9 NATURE 19070 JI Nature 19071 PD SEP 15 19072 PY 2005 19073 VL 437 19074 IS 7057 19075 BP 334 19076 EP 334 19077 PG 1 19078 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19079 GA 964AS 19080 UT ISI:000231849100035 19081 ER 19082 19083 PT J 19084 AU Wang, JM 19085 TI Hoogsteen base-pairing in DNA replication? 19086 SO NATURE 19087 LA English 19088 DT Editorial Material 19089 ID POLYMERASE; IOTA; INHIBITORS; PROTEASE 19090 C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. 19091 RP Wang, JM, Yale Univ, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New 19092 Haven, CT 06520 USA. 19093 EM wang@csb.yale.edu 19094 NR 6 19095 TC 0 19096 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19097 PI LONDON 19098 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19099 SN 0028-0836 19100 J9 NATURE 19101 JI Nature 19102 PD SEP 15 19103 PY 2005 19104 VL 437 19105 IS 7057 19106 BP E6 19107 EP E7 19108 PG 2 19109 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19110 GA 964AS 19111 UT ISI:000231849100036 19112 ER 19113 19114 PT J 19115 AU Aggarwal, A 19116 Nair, D 19117 Johnson, R 19118 Prakash, L 19119 Prakash, S 19120 TI Hoogsteen base-pairing in DNA replication? Reply 19121 SO NATURE 19122 LA English 19123 DT Editorial Material 19124 ID POLYMERASE-IOTA 19125 C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10029 USA. 19126 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77755 USA. 19127 RP Aggarwal, A, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 19128 10029 USA. 19129 EM aggarwal@inka.mssm.edu 19130 NR 5 19131 TC 0 19132 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19133 PI LONDON 19134 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19135 SN 0028-0836 19136 J9 NATURE 19137 JI Nature 19138 PD SEP 15 19139 PY 2005 19140 VL 437 19141 IS 7057 19142 BP E7 19143 EP E7 19144 PG 1 19145 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19146 GA 964AS 19147 UT ISI:000231849100037 19148 ER 19149 19150 PT J 19151 AU Rees, J 19152 TI Bio-oceanography 19153 SO NATURE 19154 LA English 19155 DT Editorial Material 19156 NR 0 19157 TC 0 19158 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19159 PI LONDON 19160 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19161 SN 0028-0836 19162 J9 NATURE 19163 JI Nature 19164 PD SEP 15 19165 PY 2005 19166 VL 437 19167 IS 7057 19168 BP 335 19169 EP 335 19170 PG 1 19171 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19172 GA 964AS 19173 UT ISI:000231849100038 19174 ER 19175 19176 PT J 19177 AU DeLong, EF 19178 Karl, DM 19179 TI Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography 19180 SO NATURE 19181 LA English 19182 DT Review 19183 ID SURFACE WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; MARINE; SEQUENCE; BACTERIOPLANKTON; 19184 OCEAN; BACTERIUM; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY 19185 AB The global ocean is an integrated living system where energy and matter 19186 transformations are governed by interdependent physical, chemical and 19187 biotic processes. Although the fundamentals of ocean physics and 19188 chemistry are well established, comprehensive approaches to describing 19189 and interpreting oceanic microbial diversity and processes are only now 19190 emerging. In particular, the application of genomics to problems in 19191 microbial oceanography is significantly expanding our understanding of 19192 marine microbial evolution, metabolism and ecology. Integration of 19193 these new genome-enabled insights into the broader framework of ocean 19194 science represents one of the great contemporary challenges for 19195 microbial oceanographers. 19196 C1 MIT 48 427, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 19197 MIT 48 427, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. 19198 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. 19199 RP DeLong, EF, MIT 48 427, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 19200 USA. 19201 EM delong@mit.edu 19202 NR 51 19203 TC 0 19204 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19205 PI LONDON 19206 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19207 SN 0028-0836 19208 J9 NATURE 19209 JI Nature 19210 PD SEP 15 19211 PY 2005 19212 VL 437 19213 IS 7057 19214 BP 336 19215 EP 342 19216 PG 7 19217 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19218 GA 964AS 19219 UT ISI:000231849100039 19220 ER 19221 19222 PT J 19223 AU Giovannoni, SJ 19224 Stingl, U 19225 TI Molecular diversity and ecology of microbial plankton 19226 SO NATURE 19227 LA English 19228 DT Review 19229 ID NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RIBOSOMAL-RNA 19230 GENES; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY 19231 STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PROCHLOROCOCCUS ECOTYPES; 19232 SPHINGOMONAS-ALASKENSIS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN 19233 AB The history of microbial evolution in the oceans is probably as old as 19234 the history of life itself. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems, 19235 microorganisms are the main form of biomass in the oceans, and form 19236 some of the largest populations on the planet. Theory predicts that 19237 selection should act more efficiently in large populations. But whether 19238 microbial plankton populations harbour organisms that are models of 19239 adaptive sophistication remains to be seen. Genome sequence data are 19240 piling up, but most of the key microbial plankton clades have no 19241 cultivated representatives, and information about their ecological 19242 activities is sparse. 19243 C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. 19244 RP Giovannoni, SJ, Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 19245 USA. 19246 EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu 19247 NR 72 19248 TC 0 19249 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19250 PI LONDON 19251 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19252 SN 0028-0836 19253 J9 NATURE 19254 JI Nature 19255 PD SEP 15 19256 PY 2005 19257 VL 437 19258 IS 7057 19259 BP 343 19260 EP 348 19261 PG 6 19262 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19263 GA 964AS 19264 UT ISI:000231849100040 19265 ER 19266 19267 PT J 19268 AU Arrigo, KR 19269 TI Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles 19270 SO NATURE 19271 LA English 19272 DT Review 19273 ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BENGUELA UPWELLING 19274 SYSTEM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; N-2 19275 PRODUCTION; CO-LIMITATION; CARBON-CYCLE; PHOSPHORUS 19276 AB The way that nutrients cycle through atmospheric, terrestrial, oceanic 19277 and associated biotic reservoirs can constrain rates of biological 19278 production and help structure ecosystems on land and in the sea. On a 19279 global scale, cycling of nutrients also affects the concentration of 19280 atmospheric carbon dioxide. Because of their capacity for rapid growth, 19281 marine microorganisms are a major component of global nutrient cycles. 19282 Understanding what controls their distributions and their diverse suite 19283 of nutrient transformations is a major challenge facing contemporary 19284 biological oceanographers. What is emerging is an appreciation of the 19285 previously unknown degree of complexity within the marine microbial 19286 community. 19287 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 19288 RP Arrigo, KR, Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. 19289 EM arrigo@stanford.edu 19290 NR 74 19291 TC 1 19292 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19293 PI LONDON 19294 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19295 SN 0028-0836 19296 J9 NATURE 19297 JI Nature 19298 PD SEP 15 19299 PY 2005 19300 VL 437 19301 IS 7057 19302 BP 349 19303 EP 355 19304 PG 7 19305 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19306 GA 964AS 19307 UT ISI:000231849100041 19308 ER 19309 19310 PT J 19311 AU Suttle, CA 19312 TI Viruses in the sea 19313 SO NATURE 19314 LA English 19315 DT Review 19316 ID ALGA HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; MARINE VIRAL COMMUNITIES; COMPLETE GENOME 19317 SEQUENCE; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS GENES; AQUATIC 19318 ENVIRONMENTS; COUNTING VIRUSES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DNA; DIVERSITY 19319 AB Viruses exist wherever life is found. They are a major cause of 19320 mortality, a driver of global geochemical cycles and a reservoir of the 19321 greatest genetic diversity on Earth. In the oceans, viruses probably 19322 infect all living things, from bacteria to whales. They affect the form 19323 of available nutrients and the termination of algal blooms. Viruses can 19324 move between marine and terrestrial reservoirs, raising the spectre of 19325 emerging pathogens. Our understanding of the effect of viruses on 19326 global systems and processes continues to unfold, overthrowing the idea 19327 that viruses and virus-mediated processes are sidebars to global 19328 processes. 19329 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 19330 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 19331 RP Suttle, CA, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 19332 EM csuttle@eos.ubc.ca 19333 NR 85 19334 TC 1 19335 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19336 PI LONDON 19337 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19338 SN 0028-0836 19339 J9 NATURE 19340 JI Nature 19341 PD SEP 15 19342 PY 2005 19343 VL 437 19344 IS 7057 19345 BP 356 19346 EP 361 19347 PG 6 19348 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19349 GA 964AS 19350 UT ISI:000231849100042 19351 ER 19352 19353 PT J 19354 AU Smetacek, V 19355 Nicol, S 19356 TI Polar ocean ecosystems in a changing world 19357 SO NATURE 19358 LA English 19359 DT Review 19360 ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-ICE EXTENT; 19361 SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ANTARCTIC KRILL; PACK-ICE; PLEISTOCENE MEGAFAUNA; IRON 19362 FERTILIZATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE 19363 AB Polar organisms have adapted their seasonal cycles to the dynamic 19364 interface between ice and water. This interface ranges from the 19365 micrometre-sized brine channels within sea ice to the planetary-scale 19366 advance and retreat of sea ice. Polar marine ecosystems are 19367 particularly sensitive to climate change because small temperature 19368 differences can have large effects on the extent and thickness of sea 19369 ice. Little is known about the interactions between large, long-lived 19370 organisms and their planktonic food supply. Disentangling the effects 19371 of human exploitation of upper trophic levels from basin-wide, 19372 decade-scale climate cycles to identify long-term, global trends is a 19373 daunting challenge facing polar bio-oceanography. 19374 C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. 19375 Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Heritage, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. 19376 RP Smetacek, V, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12, 19377 D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. 19378 EM vsmetacek@awi-bremerhaven.de 19379 NR 62 19380 TC 0 19381 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19382 PI LONDON 19383 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19384 SN 0028-0836 19385 J9 NATURE 19386 JI Nature 19387 PD SEP 15 19388 PY 2005 19389 VL 437 19390 IS 7057 19391 BP 362 19392 EP 368 19393 PG 7 19394 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19395 GA 964AS 19396 UT ISI:000231849100043 19397 ER 19398 19399 PT J 19400 AU Zenz, R 19401 Eferl, R 19402 Kenner, L 19403 Florin, L 19404 Hummerich, L 19405 Mehic, D 19406 Scheuch, H 19407 Angel, P 19408 Tschachler, E 19409 Wagner, EF 19410 TI Psoriasis-like skin disease and arthritis caused by inducible epidermal 19411 deletion of Jun proteins 19412 SO NATURE 19413 LA English 19414 DT Article 19415 ID MICE LACKING JUNB; TRANSGENIC MICE; ACTIVATED KERATINOCYTES; 19416 DOWN-REGULATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; MOUSE MODEL; STEM-CELLS; T-CELLS; 19417 C-JUN; EXPRESSION 19418 AB Psoriasis is a frequent, inflammatory disease of skin and joints with 19419 considerable morbidity. Here we report that in psoriatic lesions, 19420 epidermal keratinocytes have decreased expression of JunB, a gene 19421 localized in the psoriasis susceptibility region PSORS6. Likewise, 19422 inducible epidermal deletion of JunB and its functional companion c-Jun 19423 in adult mice leads ( within two weeks) to a phenotype resembling the 19424 histological and molecular hallmarks of psoriasis, including arthritic 19425 lesions. In contrast to the skin phenotype, the development of 19426 arthritic lesions requires T and B cells and signalling through tumour 19427 necrosis factor receptor 1 ( TNFR1). Prior to the disease onset, two 19428 chemotactic proteins (S100A8 and S100A9) previously mapped to the 19429 psoriasis susceptibility region PSORS4, are strongly induced in mutant 19430 keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. We propose that the abrogation of 19431 JunB/activator protein 1 (AP-1) in keratinocytes triggers 19432 chemokine/cytokine expression, which recruits neutrophils and 19433 macrophages to the epidermis thereby contributing to the phenotypic 19434 changes observed in psoriasis. Thus, these data support the hypothesis 19435 that epidermal alterations are sufficient to initiate both skin lesions 19436 and arthritis in psoriasis. 19437 C1 Res Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. 19438 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Signal Transduct & Growth Control, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 19439 Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Mol Genet, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. 19440 Med Univ Vienna, Dept Dermatol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 19441 Ctr Rech & Invest Epiderm & Sensorielles, F-9251 Neuilly, France. 19442 RP Wagner, EF, Res Inst Mol Pathol, Dr Bohr Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, 19443 Austria. 19444 EM wagner@imp.univie.ac.at 19445 NR 50 19446 TC 0 19447 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19448 PI LONDON 19449 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19450 SN 0028-0836 19451 J9 NATURE 19452 JI Nature 19453 PD SEP 15 19454 PY 2005 19455 VL 437 19456 IS 7057 19457 BP 369 19458 EP 375 19459 PG 7 19460 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19461 GA 964AS 19462 UT ISI:000231849100044 19463 ER 19464 19465 PT J 19466 AU Margulies, M 19467 Egholm, M 19468 Altman, WE 19469 Attiya, S 19470 Bader, JS 19471 Bemben, LA 19472 Berka, J 19473 Braverman, MS 19474 Chen, YJ 19475 Chen, ZT 19476 Dewell, SB 19477 Du, L 19478 Fierro, JM 19479 Gomes, XV 19480 Godwin, BC 19481 He, W 19482 Helgesen, S 19483 Ho, CH 19484 Irzyk, GP 19485 Jando, SC 19486 Alenquer, MLI 19487 Jarvie, TP 19488 Jirage, KB 19489 Kim, JB 19490 Knight, JR 19491 Lanza, JR 19492 Leamon, JH 19493 Lefkowitz, SM 19494 Lei, M 19495 Li, J 19496 Lohman, KL 19497 Lu, H 19498 Makhijani, VB 19499 McDade, KE 19500 McKenna, MP 19501 Myers, EW 19502 Nickerson, E 19503 Nobile, JR 19504 Plant, R 19505 Puc, BP 19506 Ronan, MT 19507 Roth, GT 19508 Sarkis, GJ 19509 Simons, JF 19510 Simpson, JW 19511 Srinivasan, M 19512 Tartaro, KR 19513 Tomasz, A 19514 Vogt, KA 19515 Volkmer, GA 19516 Wang, SH 19517 Wang, Y 19518 Weiner, MP 19519 Yu, PG 19520 Begley, RF 19521 Rothberg, JM 19522 TI Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors 19523 SO NATURE 19524 LA English 19525 DT Article 19526 ID PYROPHOSPHATE; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION 19527 AB The proliferation of large-scale DNA-sequencing projects in recent 19528 years has driven a search for alternative methods to reduce time and 19529 cost. Here we describe a scalable, highly parallel sequencing system 19530 with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art 19531 capillary electrophoresis instruments. The apparatus uses a novel 19532 fibre-optic slide of individual wells and is able to sequence 25 19533 million bases, at 99% or better accuracy, in one four-hour run. To 19534 achieve an approximately 100-fold increase in throughput over current 19535 Sanger sequencing technology, we have developed an emulsion method for 19536 DNA amplification and an instrument for sequencing by synthesis using a 19537 pyrosequencing protocol optimized for solid support and picolitre-scale 19538 volumes. Here we show the utility, throughput, accuracy and robustness 19539 of this system by shotgun sequencing and de novo assembly of the 19540 Mycoplasma genitalium genome with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in 19541 one run of the machine. 19542 C1 Life Sci Corp 454, Branford, CT 06405 USA. 19543 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. 19544 Rockefeller Univ, Microbiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. 19545 Rothberg Inst Childhood Dis, Guilford, CT 06437 USA. 19546 RP Rothberg, JM, Life Sci Corp 454, 20 Commercial St, Branford, CT 06405 19547 USA. 19548 EM jrothberg@454.com 19549 NR 22 19550 TC 5 19551 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19552 PI LONDON 19553 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19554 SN 0028-0836 19555 J9 NATURE 19556 JI Nature 19557 PD SEP 15 19558 PY 2005 19559 VL 437 19560 IS 7057 19561 BP 376 19562 EP 380 19563 PG 5 19564 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19565 GA 964AS 19566 UT ISI:000231849100045 19567 ER 19568 19569 PT J 19570 AU Magain, P 19571 Letawe, G 19572 Courbin, F 19573 Jablonka, P 19574 Jahnke, K 19575 Meylan, G 19576 Wisotzki, L 19577 TI Discovery of a bright quasar without a massive host galaxy 19578 SO NATURE 19579 LA English 19580 DT Article 19581 ID NEARBY LUMINOUS QUASARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; BLACK-HOLES; IMAGES; 19582 DECONVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; BULGE 19583 AB A quasar is thought to be powered by the infall of matter onto a 19584 supermassive black hole at the centre of a massive galaxy(1,2). Because 19585 the optical luminosity of quasars exceeds that of their host galaxy, 19586 disentangling the two components can be difficult. This led in the 19587 1990s to the controversial claim of the discovery of 'naked' 19588 quasars(3-7). Since then, the connection between quasars and galaxies 19589 has been well established(8). Here we report the discovery of a quasar 19590 lying at the edge of a gas cloud, whose size is comparable to that of a 19591 small galaxy, but whose spectrum shows no evidence for stars. The gas 19592 in the cloud is excited by the quasar itself. If a host galaxy is 19593 present, it is at least six times fainter than would normally be 19594 expected(8,9) for such a bright quasar. The quasar is interacting 19595 dynamically with a neighbouring galaxy, whose gas might be feeding the 19596 black hole. 19597 C1 Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. 19598 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. 19599 Univ Geneve Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. 19600 Observ Paris, UMR 8111, GEPI, F-75014 Paris, France. 19601 Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. 19602 RP Magain, P, Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout,17,Bat 19603 B5C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. 19604 EM Pierre.Magain@ulg.ac.be 19605 NR 21 19606 TC 0 19607 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP 19608 PI LONDON 19609 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 19610 SN 0028-0836 19611 J9 NATURE 19612 JI Nature 19613 PD SEP 15 19614 PY 2005 19615 VL 437 19616 IS 7057 19617 BP 381 19618 EP 384 19619 PG 4 19620 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences 19621 GA 964AS 19622 UT ISI:000231849100046 19623 ER 19624 19625 EF