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 FN ISI Export Format
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 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI DARPA dreaming
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
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 VL 438
 IS 7065
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500001
 ER
 
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 AU [Anon]
 TI A less toxic solution
 SO NATURE
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 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
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 VL 438
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 ER
 
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 AU [Anon]
 TI Flu in circulation
 SO NATURE
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 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000233133500003
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 PT J
 AU von Bubnoff, A
 TI Deadly flu virus can be sent through the mail
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500004
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 PT J
 AU von Bubnoff, A
 TI How bad would it be if the virus escaped?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500005
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 AU Cyranoski, D
 TI Far East lays plans to be stem-cell hotspot
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000233133500006
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 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Researchers break the rules in frustration at review boards
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI Boeing strike leaves satellites stranded on launch pad
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ball, P
 TI Antigravity craft slips past patent officers
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500009
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 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI Bush buries US bunker-buster project
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500010
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 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Congress attacked over species bill
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500011
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 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI More than a cosmetic change
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID EYE
 NR 4
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500012
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 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI The validation game
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000233133500013
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 PT J
 AU Ebert, J
 TI Tongue tied
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
 TI All in the mind of a mouse
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID MICE; BEHAVIOR
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wadman, M
 TI Path to approval proves rocky for copycat biodrugs
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 UT ISI:000233133500016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Macilwain, C
 TI Market watch - Nanotechnology stocks
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ibisch, PL
    Jennings, MD
    Kreft, S
 TI Biodiversity needs the help of global change managers, not
    museum-keepers
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Appl Sci Eberswalde, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany.
    Nature Conservancy, Global Conservat Approach Team, Moscow, ID 83843 USA.
 RP Ibisch, PL, Univ Appl Sci Eberswalde, Alfred Moller Str 1, D-16225
    Eberswalde, Germany.
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000233133500018
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 PT J
 AU Gerlach, J
 TI Biodiversity: journals must take a broader view
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Museum Zool, Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
 RP Gerlach, J, Univ Museum Zool, Nat Protect Trust Seychelles, Downing St,
    Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hartt, L
 TI Biodiversity: saving Florida panther makes sense
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Natl Wildlife Federat, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA.
 RP Hartt, L, Natl Wildlife Federat, 1330 W Peachtree St,Suite 475,
    Atlanta, GA 30309 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hoffmann, G
 TI Thin ice: Unlocking the secrets of climate in the world's highest
    mountains
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 CEA, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
 RP Hoffmann, G, CEA, LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 BP 157
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hughes, DW
 TI Fatal attraction: Magnetic mysteries and the enlightenment
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England.
 RP Hughes, DW, Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD NOV 10
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 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 158
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cornwell, J
 TI Between genius and genocide: The tragedy of Fritz Haber, father of
    chemical warfare
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Jesus Coll, Sci & Human Dimens Project, Cambridge, England.
 RP Cornwell, J, Jesus Coll, Sci & Human Dimens Project, Cambridge, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 BP 158
 EP 159
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Al-Khalili, J
 TI A briefer history of time
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
 RP Al-Khalili, J, Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kevles, DJ
 TI Victory and vexation in science: Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and others
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 RP Kevles, DJ, Yale Univ, Dept Hist, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lythgoe, M
 TI The creating brain: The neuroscience of genius
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Inst Child Hlth, Radiol & Phys Unit, London WC1N 1EH, England.
 RP Lythgoe, M, Inst Child Hlth, Radiol & Phys Unit, 30 Guilford St, London
    WC1N 1EH, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Clack, J
 TI Discovering Dorothea: The life of the pioneering fossil-hunter Dorothea
    Bate
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Museum Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
 RP Clack, J, Univ Museum Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Charlson, RJ
 TI Plows, plagues and petroleum: How humans took control of climate
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
    Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98125 USA.
 RP Charlson, RJ, Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98125
    USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Alexander, RM
 TI The gecko's foot. Bio-inspiration: Engineered from nature
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
 RP Alexander, RM, Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Miall Bldg, Leeds LS2 9JT, W
    Yorkshire, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD NOV 10
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Czajkowski, C
 TI Neurobiology - Triggers for channel opening
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; LOOP
 C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, Madison, WI 53711 USA.
 RP Czajkowski, C, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Physiol, 601 Sci Dr, Madison, WI
    53711 USA.
 EM czajkowski@physiology.wisc.edu
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kane, CL
 TI Materials science - Erasing electron mass
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 RP Kane, CL, Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia,
    PA 19104 USA.
 EM kane@physics.upenn.edu
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Buckling, A
    Brockhurst, M
 TI Microbiology - RAMP resistance
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PEPTIDE
 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England.
    Univ Montpellier 2, ISEM, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
 RP Buckling, A, Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS,
    England.
 EM angus.buckling@zoology.oxford.ac.uk
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
 IS 7065
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abercrombie, R
 TI Seismology - The start of something big?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID EARTHQUAKE
 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 RP Abercrombie, R, Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 685
    Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 EM rea@bu.edu
 NR 5
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nitabach, MN
 TI Circadian rhythms - Clock coordination
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DROSOPHILA; NEURONS
 C1 Yale Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 RP Nitabach, MN, Yale Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol,
    Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 EM michael.nitabach@yale.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 EP +
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lu, ET
    Love, SG
 TI Gravitational tractor for towing asteroids - A spacecraft could deflect
    an Earth-bound asteroid without having to dock to its surface first
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
 RP Lu, ET, NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code CB, Houston, TX
    77058 USA.
 EM edward.t.lu@nasa.gov
 NR 5
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 177
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Toda, M
    Takagaki, A
    Okamura, M
    Kondo, JN
    Hayashi, S
    Domen, K
    Hara, M
 TI Green chemistry - Biodiesel made with sugar catalyst
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID SOLID ACID CATALYSTS
 C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan.
    Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Instrumentat Frontier, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan.
    Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Syst Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
 RP Toda, M, Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa
    2268503, Japan.
 EM mhara@res.titech.ac.jp
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Calford, MB
    Chino, YM
    Das, A
    Eysel, UT
    Gilbert, CD
    Heinen, SJ
    Kaas, JH
    Ullman, S
 TI Neuroscience - Rewiring the adult brain
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL REORGANIZATION; RETINAL LESIONS;
    FILLING-IN; PLASTICITY; CONNECTIONS; NEURONS
 C1 Univ Newcastle, Sch Biomed Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
    Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77004 USA.
    Columbia Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10032 USA.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Med, Dept Neurophysiol, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
    Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA.
    Smith Kettlewell Eye Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA.
    Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
 RP Calford, MB, Univ Newcastle, Sch Biomed Sci, Newcastle, NSW 2308,
    Australia.
 NR 15
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500037
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 PT J
 AU Smirnakis, SM
    Schmid, MC
    Brewer, AA
    Tolias, AS
    Schuz, A
    Augath, M
    Inhoffen, W
    Wandell, BA
    Logothetis, NK
 TI Neuroscience - Rewiring the adult brain - Reply
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PERCEPTUAL FILLING-IN; PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; CORTICAL REORGANIZATION;
    MACULAR DEGENERATION; MONKEY; SCOTOMA; LESIONS; FMRI
 C1 Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Stanford Univ, Dept Psychol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Max Planck Inst Biol Cybernet, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.
    Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
    Univ Tubingen, Dept Ophthalmol 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.
 RP Smirnakis, SM, Stanford Univ, Program Neurosci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM smsmirnakis@partners.org
 NR 15
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP E3
 EP E4
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zhang, Y
    Lu, H
    Bargmann, CI
 TI Pathogenic bacteria induce aversive olfactory learning in
    Caenorhabditis elegans
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID C-ELEGANS; TRYPTOPHAN-HYDROXYLASE; SIGNALING PATHWAY; NEURONS; GENE;
    ADAPTATION; PLASTICITY; CHANNEL; MEMORY; FOOD
 AB Food can be hazardous, either through toxicity or through bacterial
    infections that follow the ingestion of a tainted food source. Because
    learning about food quality enhances survival, one of the most robust
    forms of olfactory learning is conditioned avoidance of tastes
    associated with visceral malaise. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
    feeds on bacteria but is susceptible to infection by pathogenic
    bacteria in its natural environment. Here we show that C. elegans
    modifies its olfactory preferences after exposure to pathogenic
    bacteria, avoiding odours from the pathogen and increasing its
    attraction to odours from familiar nonpathogenic bacteria. Particular
    bacteria elicit specific changes in olfactory preferences that are
    suggestive of associative learning. Exposure to pathogenic bacteria
    increases serotonin in ADF chemosensory neurons by transcriptional and
    post-transcriptional mechanisms. Serotonin functions through MOD-1, a
    serotonin-gated chloride channel expressed in sensory interneurons, to
    promote aversive learning. An increase in serotonin may represent the
    negative reinforcing stimulus in pathogenic infection.
 C1 Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Neural Circuits & Behav, New York, NY 10021 USA.
 RP Bargmann, CI, Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Lab Neural
    Circuits & Behav, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA.
 EM cori@rockefeller.edu
 NR 32
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 179
 EP 184
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Furukawa, H
    Singh, SK
    Mancusso, R
    Gouaux, E
 TI Subunit arrangement and function in NMDA receptors
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID D-ASPARTATE RECEPTORS; LIGAND-BINDING CORE; GLUTAMATE-RECEPTOR;
    CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; CHANNEL KINETICS; AMPA
    RECEPTORS; ACTIVATION; KAINATE; MECHANISM
 AB Excitatory neurotransmission mediated by NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)
    receptors is fundamental to the physiology of the mammalian central
    nervous system. These receptors are heteromeric ion channels that for
    activation require binding of glycine and glutamate to the NR1 and NR2
    subunits, respectively. NMDA receptor function is characterized by slow
    channel opening and deactivation, and the resulting influx of cations
    initiates signal transduction cascades that are crucial to higher
    functions including learning and memory. Here we report crystal
    structures of the ligand-binding core of NR2A with glutamate and that
    of the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer with glutamate and glycine. The NR2A -
    glutamate complex defines the determinants of glutamate and NMDA
    recognition, and the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer suggests a mechanism for
    ligand-induced ion channel opening. Analysis of the heterodimer
    interface, together with biochemical and electrophysiological
    experiments, confirms that the NR1 - NR2A heterodimer is the functional
    unit in tetrameric NMDA receptors and that tyrosine 535 of NR1, located
    in the subunit interface, modulates the rate of ion channel
    deactivation.
 C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY 10032 USA.
    Columbia Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA.
 RP Gouaux, E, Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA.
 EM jeg52@columbia.edu
 NR 50
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 185
 EP 192
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Heimpel, M
    Aurnou, J
    Wicht, J
 TI Simulation of equatorial and high-latitude jets on Jupiter in a deep
    convection model
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ROTATING SPHERICAL-SHELL; GIANT OUTER PLANETS; ZONAL FLOW DRIVEN;
    ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; THERMAL-CONVECTION; JOVIAN ATMOSPHERE; WINDS;
    TURBULENCE; CASSINI; GALILEO
 AB The bands of Jupiter represent a global system of powerful winds. Broad
    eastward equatorial jets are flanked by smaller-scale, higher-latitude
    jets flowing in alternating directions(1,2). Jupiter's large thermal
    emission suggests that the winds are powered from within(3,4), but the
    zonal flow depth is limited by increasing density and electrical
    conductivity in the molecular hydrogen - helium atmosphere towards the
    centre of the planet(5). Two types of planetary flow models have been
    explored: shallow-layer models reproduce multiple high-latitude jets,
    but not the equatorial flow system(6-8), and deep convection models
    only reproduce an eastward equatorial jet with two flanking
    neighbours(9-14). Here we present a numerical model of
    three-dimensional rotating convection in a relatively thin spherical
    shell that generates both types of jets. The simulated flow is
    turbulent and quasi-two-dimensional and, as observed for the jovian
    jets, simulated jet widths follow Rhines' scaling theory(2,12,13,15).
    Our findings imply that Jupiter's latitudinal transition in jet width
    corresponds to a separation between the bottom-bounded flow structures
    in higher latitudes and the deep equatorial flows.
 C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
 RP Heimpel, M, Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada.
 EM mheimpel@phys.ualberta.ca
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 193
 EP 196
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Novoselov, KS
    Geim, AK
    Morozov, SV
    Jiang, D
    Katsnelson, MI
    Grigorieva, IV
    Dubonos, SV
    Firsov, AA
 TI Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID GRAPHITE; STATES
 AB Quantum electrodynamics ( resulting from the merger of quantum
    mechanics and relativity theory) has provided a clear understanding of
    phenomena ranging from particle physics to cosmology and from
    astrophysics to quantum chemistry(1-3). The ideas underlying quantum
    electrodynamics also influence the theory of condensed matter(4,5), but
    quantum relativistic effects are usually minute in the known
    experimental systems that can be described accurately by the
    non-relativistic Schrodinger equation. Here we report an experimental
    study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of
    carbon(6,7)) in which electron transport is essentially governed by
    Dirac's ( relativistic) equation. The charge carriers in graphene mimic
    relativistic particles with zero rest mass and have an effective 'speed
    of light' c* approximate to 10(6) m s(-1). Our study reveals a variety
    of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac
    fermions. In particular we have observed the following: first,
    graphene's conductivity never falls below a minimum value corresponding
    to the quantum unit of conductance, even when concentrations of charge
    carriers tend to zero; second, the integer quantum Hall effect in
    graphene is anomalous in that it occurs at half-integer filling
    factors; and third, the cyclotron mass m(c) of massless carriers in
    graphene is described by E = m(c)c(*)(2). This two-dimensional system
    is not only interesting in itself but also allows access to the subtle
    and rich physics of quantum electrodynamics in a bench-top experiment.
 C1 Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Mesosci & Nanotechnol, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
    Russian Acad Sci, Inst Microelect Technol, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.
    Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.
 RP Geim, AK, Univ Manchester, Manchester Ctr Mesosci & Nanotechnol,
    Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
 EM kostya@man.ac.uk
    geim@man.ac.uk
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 197
 EP 200
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zhang, YB
    Tan, YW
    Stormer, HL
    Kim, P
 TI Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase
    in graphene
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CARBON NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE
 AB When electrons are confined in two-dimensional materials,
    quantum-mechanically enhanced transport phenomena such as the quantum
    Hall effect can be observed. Graphene, consisting of an isolated single
    atomic layer of graphite, is an ideal realization of such a
    two-dimensional system. However, its behaviour is expected to differ
    markedly from the well-studied case of quantum wells in conventional
    semiconductor interfaces. This difference arises from the unique
    electronic properties of graphene, which exhibits electron - hole
    degeneracy and vanishing carrier mass near the point of charge
    neutrality(1,2). Indeed, a distinctive half-integer quantum Hall effect
    has been predicted(3-5) theoretically, as has the existence of a
    non-zero Berry's phase ( a geometric quantum phase) of the electron
    wavefunction - a consequence of the exceptional topology of the
    graphene band structure(6,7). Recent advances in micromechanical
    extraction and fabrication techniques for graphite structures(8-12) now
    permit such exotic two-dimensional electron systems to be probed
    experimentally. Here we report an experimental investigation of
    magneto-transport in a high-mobility single layer of graphene.
    Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field
    effect, we observe an unusual half-integer quantum Hall effect for both
    electron and hole carriers in graphene. The relevance of Berry's phase
    to these experiments is confirmed by magneto-oscillations. In addition
    to their purely scientific interest, these unusual quantum transport
    phenomena may lead to new applications in carbon-based electronic and
    magneto-electronic devices.
 C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
    Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
 RP Kim, P, Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027
    USA.
 EM pkim@phys.columbia.edu
 NR 20
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 201
 EP 204
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yamamoto, JK
    Fairchild, TR
    Boggiani, PC
    Montanheiro, TJ
    de Araujo, CC
    Kiyohara, PK
    de Matos, SLF
    Soares, PC
 TI A record of Permian subaqueous vent activity in southeastern Brazil
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 AB The remarkable occurrence of more than 4,500 conical siliceous mounds
    in an area of less than 1.5 square kilometres has been reported in the
    Parana basin, near Anhembi, Sao Paulo, in southeastern Brazil(1). These
    structures, which are up to two metres high, are thought to have been
    formed at the margin of a very shallow, broad but waning internal
    sea(1), and it was originally suggested that they are stromatolites(2).
    Yet their restricted occurrence, unusual abundance and nearly pure
    siliceous composition have never been satisfactorily explained by this
    hypothesis. Here we report field and laboratory observations on their
    shape, construction, composition and mineralogy. On the basis of our
    data we suggest that the conical mounds are the result of subaqueous
    Late Permian vent activity in southwestern Gondwana. The present
    siliceous cone field differs considerably from other Palaeozoic
    siliceous hot spring deposits, such as those at Rhynie, Scotland(3),
    and the Drummond basin, Australia(4), and therefore represents an
    unusual occurrence of vent activity.
 C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, BR-05508080 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    State Secretary Environm, Inst Geol, BR-04301903 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    PETROBRAS SA, BR-20031912 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
    Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Univ Fed Parana, Dept Geol, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
 RP Yamamoto, JK, Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Geosci, Rua Lago 562, BR-05508080
    Sao Paulo, Brazil.
 EM jkyamamo@usp.br
 NR 16
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 205
 EP 207
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Braun, H
    Christl, M
    Rahmstorf, S
    Ganopolski, A
    Mangini, A
    Kubatzki, C
    Roth, K
    Kromer, B
 TI Possible solar origin of the 1,470-year glacial climate cycle
    demonstrated in a coupled model
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID GREENLAND ICE CORES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION;
    STOCHASTIC RESONANCE; VARIABILITY; RECORDS; OZONE; GISP2
 AB Many palaeoclimate records from the North Atlantic region show a
    pattern of rapid climate oscillations, the so-called Dansgaard Oeschger
    events, with a quasi-periodicity of similar to 1,470 years for the late
    glacial period(1-6). Various hypotheses have been suggested to explain
    these rapid temperature shifts, including internal oscillations in the
    climate system and external forcing, possibly from the Sun(7). But
    whereas pronounced solar cycles of similar to 87 and similar to 210
    years are well known(8-12), a similar to 1,470-year solar cycle has not
    been detected(8). Here we show that an intermediate-complexity climate
    model with glacial climate conditions simulates rapid climate shifts
    similar to the Dansgaard - Oeschger events with a spacing of 1,470
    years when forced by periodic freshwater input into the North Atlantic
    Ocean in cycles of, 87 and, 210 years. We attribute the robust
    1,470-year response time to the superposition of the two shorter
    cycles, together with strongly nonlinear dynamics and the long
    characteristic timescale of the thermohaline circulation. For Holocene
    conditions, similar events do not occur. We conclude that the glacial
    1,470-year climate cycles could have been triggered by solar forcing
    despite the absence of a 1,470-year solar cycle.
 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg Acad Sci, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany.
    Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
 RP Braun, H, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg Acad Sci,
    Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
 EM holger.braun@iup.uni-heidelberg.de
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 208
 EP 211
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Olson, EL
    Allen, RM
 TI The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SEISMIC NUCLEATION PHASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; 1994 NORTHRIDGE;
    GROUND-MOTION; SIZE; RIDGECREST; MAGNITUDE; FORESHOCK; SEQUENCE; STRESS
 AB Understanding the earthquake rupture process is central to our
    understanding of fault systems and earthquake hazards. Multiple
    hypotheses concerning the nature of fault rupture have been proposed
    but no unifying theory has emerged(1-12). The conceptual hypothesis
    most commonly cited is the cascade model for fault rupture(1,3,10,13).
    In the cascade model, slip initiates on a small fault patch and
    continues to rupture further across a fault plane as long as the
    conditions are favourable. Two fundamental implications of this
    domino-like theory are that small earthquakes begin in the same manner
    as large earthquakes and that the rupture process is not deterministic
    - that is, the size of the earthquake cannot be determined until the
    cessation of rupture. Here we show that the frequency content of
    radiated seismic energy within the first few seconds of rupture scales
    with the final magnitude of the event. We infer that the magnitude of
    an earthquake can therefore be estimated before the rupture is
    complete. This finding implies that the rupture process is to some
    degree deterministic and has implications for the physics of the
    rupture process.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
 RP Allen, RM, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone
    Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM rallen@berkeley.edu
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 212
 EP 215
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Filardi, CE
    Moyle, RG
 TI Single origin of a pan-Pacific bird group and upstream colonization of
    Australasia
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID BIOGEOGRAPHY; ISLANDS; DNA; EXTINCTION; DISPERSAL; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX;
    MODEL
 AB Oceanic islands have long served as natural laboratories for
    understanding the diversification of life(1-4). In particular, the many
    thousands of islands spanning the tropical Pacific support an
    unparalleled array of terrestrial communities whose patterns of
    diversity contributed fundamental insights to the development of
    classical speciation and biogeographic theory(4-8). Much of this work
    is founded on an assumption derived from traditional taxonomic
    approaches, namely that faunas on these widely separated archipelagos
    stem from a simple one-way, downstream flow of colonists from
    continents to islands(2,4). Here we show, with the use of molecular
    phylogenetic data from one of the original bird families used to
    justify this assumption, that a diverse array of endemic island genera
    and species are the product of a single radiation that diversified
    across all major Pacific archipelagos in a non-stepping-stone fashion,
    and recently recolonized continental areas. The geographic scope and
    lineage-specific approach of this study reveal evolutionary patterns
    long obscured by traditional taxonomic surveys and indicate thatwidely
    dispersed archipelagos can be sources of biological diversity.
 C1 Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Ornithol, New York, NY 10024 USA.
 RP Filardi, CE, Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, Cent Pk W
    & 79th St, New York, NY 10024 USA.
 EM filardi@amnh.org
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 216
 EP 219
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rifkin, SA
    Houle, D
    Kim, J
    White, KP
 TI A mutation accumulation assay reveals a broad capacity for rapid
    evolution of gene expression
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PROFILES; CANALIZATION; SELECTION; TISSUE
 AB Mutation is the ultimate source of biological diversity because it
    generates the variation that fuels evolution(1). Gene expression is the
    first step by which an organism translates genetic information into
    developmental change. Here we estimate the rate at which mutation
    produces new variation in gene expression by measuring transcript
    abundances across the genome during the onset of metamorphosis in 12
    initially identical Drosophila melanogaster lines that independently
    accumulated mutations for 200 generations(2). We find statistically
    significant mutational variation for 39% of the genome and a wide range
    of variability across corresponding genes. As genes are upregulated in
    development their variability decreases, and as they are downregulated
    it increases, indicating that developmental context affects the
    evolution of gene expression. A strong correlation between mutational
    variance and environmental variance shows that there is the potential
    for widespread canalization(3). By comparing the evolutionary rates
    that we report here with differences between species(4,5), we conclude
    that gene expression does not evolve according to strictly neutral
    models. Although spontaneous mutations have the potential to generate
    abundant variation in gene expression, natural variation is relatively
    constrained.
 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Goddard Labs 203, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
    Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
    Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
 RP Kim, J, Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Goddard Labs 203, 415 S Univ Ave,
    Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 EM junhyong@sas.upenn.edu
    kevin.white@yale.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 220
 EP 223
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Allen, E
    Ding, JQ
    Wang, W
    Pramanik, S
    Chou, J
    Yau, V
    Yang, YM
 TI Gigaxonin-controlled degradation of MAP1B light chain is critical to
    neuronal survival
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID GIANT AXONAL NEUROPATHY; UBIQUITIN-PROTEASOME SYSTEM;
    MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN; WALLERIAN
    DEGENERATION; 1B; BINDING; KINESIN; BTB; LIGASES
 AB Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a devastating sensory and motor
    neuropathy caused by mutations in the GAN gene, which encodes the
    ubiquitously expressed protein gigaxonin(1-5). Cytopathological
    features of GAN include axonal degeneration, with accumulation and
    aggregation of cytoskeletal components(6-7). Little is currently known
    about the molecular mechanisms underlying this recessive disorder. Here
    we show that gigaxonin controls protein degradation, and is essential
    for neuronal function and survival. We present evidence that gigaxonin
    binds to the ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 through its amino-terminal
    BTB domain, while the carboxy-terminal kelch repeat domain interacts
    directly with the light chain (LC) of microtubule-associated protein 1B
    (MAP1B)(8). Overexpression of gigaxonin leads to enhanced degradation
    of MAP1B-LC, which can be antagonized by proteasome inhibitors.
    Ablation of gigaxonin causes a substantial accumulation of MAP1B-LC in
    GAN-null neurons. Moreover, we show that overexpression of MAP1B in
    wild-type cortical neurons leads to cell death characteristic of
    GAN-null neurons, whereas reducing MAP1B levels significantly improves
    the survival rate of null neurons. Our results identify gigaxonin as a
    ubiquitin scaffolding protein that controls MAP1B-LC degradation, and
    provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying human
    neurodegenerative disorders.
 C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 RP Yang, YM, Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol & Neurol Sci, 1201 Welch
    Rd, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM yyanmin@stanford.edu
 NR 25
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 224
 EP 228
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kimura, KI
    Ote, M
    Tazawa, T
    Yamamoto, D
 TI Fruitless specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the
    Drosophila brain
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MALE COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION PATTERNS;
    GENE; MELANOGASTER; MUSCLE; ORIENTATION; NEURONS; SYSTEM; FLIES
 AB The Drosophila fruitless (fru) gene product Fru has been postulated to
    be a neural sex determination factor that directs development of the
    central nervous system (CNS), thereby producing male-typical courtship
    behaviour and inducing male-specific muscle(1-6). Male-specific Fru
    protein is expressed in small groups of neurons scattered throughout
    the CNS of male, but not female, Drosophila(4,7). Collectively, these
    observations suggest that Fru 'masculinizes' certain neurons, thereby
    establishing neural substrates for male-typical behaviour. However,
    specific differences between neurons resulting from the presence or
    absence of Fru are unknown. Previous studies have suggested that Fru
    might result in sexual differences in the CNS at the functional level,
    as no overt sexual dimorphism in CNS structure was discernible(8-10).
    Here we identify a subset of fru-expressing interneurons in the brain
    that show marked sexual dimorphism in their number and projection
    pattern. We also demonstrate that Fru supports the development of
    neurons with male-specific dendritic fields, which are programmed to
    die during female development as a result of the absence of Fru. Thus,
    Fru expression can produce a male-specific neural circuit, probably
    used during heterosexual courtship, by preventing cell death in
    identifiable neurons.
 C1 Hokkaido Univ, Biol Lab, Iwamizawa 0688642, Japan.
    Waseda Univ, Adv Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
    Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
 RP Kimura, KI, Hokkaido Univ, Biol Lab, Iwamizawa Campus, Iwamizawa
    0688642, Japan.
 EM kimura@iwa.hokkyodai.ac.jp
 NR 24
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 229
 EP 233
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lee, N
    Maurange, C
    Ringrose, L
    Paro, R
 TI Suppression of Polycomb group proteins by JNK signalling induces
    transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; PATHWAY; COMPLEX; WINGLESS; ENHANCER;
    ENCODES; CLOSURE; KINASE; DJUN; EYE
 AB During the regeneration of Drosophila imaginal discs, cellular
    identities can switch fate in a process known as transdetermination(1).
    For leg-to-wing transdetermination, the underlying mechanism involves
    morphogens such as Wingless that, when activated outside their normal
    context, induce ectopic expression of the wing-specific selector gene
    vestigial(2,3). Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain cellular fates
    by controlling the expression patterns of homeotic genes and other
    developmental regulators(4). Here we report that transdetermination
    events are coupled to PcG regulation. We show that the frequency of
    transdetermination is enhanced in PcG mutant flies. Downregulation of
    PcG function, as monitored by the reactivation of a silent
    PcG-regulated reporter gene, is observed in transdetermined cells. This
    downregulation is directly controlled by the Jun amino-terminal kinase
    (JNK) signalling pathway, which is activated in cells undergoing
    regeneration. Accordingly, transdetermination frequency is reduced in a
    JNK mutant background. This regulatory interaction also occurs in
    mammalian cells, indicating that the role of this signalling cascade in
    remodelling cellular fates may be conserved.
 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Ctr Mol Biol Heidelberg ZMBH, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
 RP Paro, R, Univ Heidelberg, Ctr Mol Biol Heidelberg ZMBH, D-69120
    Heidelberg, Germany.
 EM paro@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de
 NR 28
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 234
 EP 237
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Stoleru, D
    Peng, Y
    Nawathean, P
    Rosbash, M
 TI A resetting signal between Drosophila pacemakers synchronizes morning
    and evening activity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CIRCADIAN GENE-EXPRESSION; CLOCK GENE; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS;
    INDIVIDUAL FIBROBLASTS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TIMELESS GENES; NEURONS; BRAIN;
    CELLS; NEUROPEPTIDE
 AB The biochemical machinery that underlies circadian rhythms is conserved
    among animal species and drives self-sustained molecular oscillations
    and functions, even within individual asynchronous tissue-culture
    cells(1-3). Yet the rhythm- generating neural centres of higher
    eukaryotes are usually composed of interconnected cellular networks,
    which contribute to robustness and synchrony as well as other complex
    features of rhythmic behaviour(4-7). In mammals, little is known about
    how individual brain oscillators are organized to orchestrate a complex
    behavioural pattern. Drosophila is arguably more advanced from this
    point of view: we and others have recently shown that a group of adult
    brain clock neurons expresses the neuropeptide PDF8 and controls
    morning activity ( small LNv cells; M-cells), whereas another group of
    clock neurons controls evening activity (CRY+, PDF- cells;
    E-cells)(6,9). We have generated transgenic mosaic animals with
    different circadian periods in morning and evening cells. Here we show,
    by behavioural and molecular assays, that the six canonical groups of
    clock neurons(10) are organized into two separate neuronal circuits.
    One has no apparent effect on locomotor rhythmicity in darkness, but
    within the second circuit the molecular and behavioural timing of the
    evening cells is determined by morning-cell properties. This is due to
    a daily resetting signal from the morning to the evening cells, which
    run at their genetically programmed pace between consecutive signals.
    This neural circuit and oscillator-coupling mechanism ensures a proper
    relationship between the timing of morning and evening locomotor
    activity.
 C1 Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
    Brandeis Univ, Natl Ctr Behav Genom, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
 RP Rosbash, M, Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Waltham, MA 02454
    USA.
 EM rosbash@brandeis.edu
 NR 24
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 238
 EP 242
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lee, WY
    Sine, SM
 TI Principal pathway coupling agonist binding to channel gating in
    nicotinic receptors
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES;
    CHARGED RESIDUES; GLYCINE RECEPTOR; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; ASPARTIC-ACID;
    ACH-BINDING; ACTIVATION; SUBUNIT
 AB Synaptic receptors respond to neurotransmitters by opening an intrinsic
    ion channel in the final step in synaptic transmission. How binding of
    the neurotransmitter is conveyed over the long distance to the channel
    remains a central question in neurobiology. Here we delineate a
    principal pathway that links neurotransmitter binding to channel gating
    by using a structural model of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor at
    4-angstrom resolution(1), recordings of currents through single
    receptor channels and determinations of energetic coupling between
    pairs of residues. We show that a pair of invariant arginine and
    glutamate residues in each receptor alpha-subunit electrostatically
    links peripheral and inner beta-sheets from the binding domain and
    positions them to engage with the channel. The key glutamate and
    flanking valine residues energetically couple to conserved proline and
    serine residues emerging from the top of the channel-forming
    alpha-helix, suggesting that this is the point at which the binding
    domain triggers opening of the channel. The series of interresidue
    couplings identified here constitutes a primary allosteric pathway that
    links neurotransmitter binding to channel gating.
 C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Receptor Biol Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
    Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Mol Neurosci Grad Program, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
 RP Sine, SM, Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn,
    Receptor Biol Lab, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
 EM sine@mayo.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 243
 EP 247
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lummis, SCR
    Beene, DL
    Lee, LW
    Lester, HA
    Broadhurst, RW
    Dougherty, DA
 TI Cis-trans isomerization at a proline opens the pore of a
    neurotransmitter-gated ion channel
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID RECEPTOR M2-M3 LOOP; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; 5-HT3 RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC
    RECEPTOR; GATING MECHANISM; GABA(A) RECEPTOR; AGONIST-BINDING;
    RESIDUES; ACCESSIBILITY; CONFORMATION
 AB 5-Hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors are members of the
    Cys-loop receptor superfamily(1). Neurotransmitter binding in these
    proteins triggers the opening (gating) of an ion channel by means of an
    as-yet-uncharacterized conformational change. Here we show that a
    specific proline ( Pro 8*), located at the apex of the loop between the
    second and third transmembrane helices (M2 - M3)(2,3), can link binding
    to gating through a cis-trans isomerization of the protein backbone.
    Using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, a series of proline analogues
    with varying preference for the cis conformer was incorporated at the
    8* position. Proline analogues that strongly favour the trans conformer
    produced nonfunctional channels. Among the functional mutants there was
    a strong correlation between the intrinsic cis - trans energy gap of
    the proline analogue and the activation of the channel, suggesting that
    cis - trans isomerization of this single proline provides the switch
    that interconverts the open and closed states of the channel.
    Consistent with this proposal, nuclear magnetic resonance studies on an
    M2 - M3 loop peptide reveal two distinct, structured forms. Our results
    thus confirm the structure of the M2 - M3 loop and the critical role of
    Pro 8* in the 5-HT3 receptor. In addition, they suggest that a
    molecular rearrangement at Pro 8* is the structural mechanism that
    opens the receptor pore.
 C1 CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England.
    CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Dougherty, DA, CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 EM dadougherty@caltech.edu
 NR 30
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 248
 EP 252
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI The crime of the century - A little family planning.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 10
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7065
 BP 256
 EP 256
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 982BV
 UT ISI:000233133500055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Taking a stand on animal-rights violence
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 1
 EP 1
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Turkey's evolution
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 1
 EP 2
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Clamp down on copycats
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 2
 EP 2
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Butler, D
 TI Wartime tactic doubles power of scarce bird-flu drug
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) is the main bird flu medicine
    recommended by WHO. However, eventhough the drug's sole supplier Roche
    has increased its production capacity, the current supply is just about
    2% of the world population. One solution involves administering
    probenecid in combination, as this can givethe same therapeutic effect
    at half the dose. However, there seems to be a lack of interest amongst
    Roche and the relevant authorities in pursuing this approach.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 6
 EP 6
 PG 1
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Towie, N
 TI Drug firms donate compounds for anti-HIV gel
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Motivated by positive results reported in this week's Nature, two drug
    companies have given away rights to two key compounds, so that they can
    be developed into gels that protect against human immunodeficiency
    virus (HIV). Such a gel could help many women to protect themselves, as
    they often find it difficult to get partners to use condoms,
    particularly in the developing world where men may disapprove of the
    practice. Experts say that a mocrobicide applied to the vagina before
    sex could save 2.5 millions lives in just three years.)
 NR 0
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 6
 EP 7
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Universities scramble to assess scope of falsified results
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID RNA INTERFERENCE; GENES
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 7
 EP 7
 PG 1
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000006
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Simonite, T
 TI Protists push animals aside in rule revamp
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Eukaryotes, organisms whose cells have a nucleus, have traditionally
    been separated into four kingdoms. They have been reorganized into six
    kingdoms. The authors of the revision hope that it will bring peace to
    a long divided discipline, and raise awareness of the diversity of
    single-celled organisms.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 8
 EP 9
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Turkish rectors rally in support of university head thrown in jail
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 8
 EP 9
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Floods fail to save canyon beaches
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The Colorado River, which runs along the Grand Canyon in Arizona, used
    to be brown with sediment. It was flanked by extensive beaches and
    sandbars that provided habitat for species found nowhere else. The
    humpback chub ( Gila cypha) is one such species, a fish with degenerate
    eyes and a prominent hump that stabilizes it in the river's swirling
    waters. However, in 1963 the Glen Canyon Dam, which is now the major
    power source in the southwestern United States, was completed. As a
    result, the river downstream of the dam runs slow and clear, the
    beaches and sandbars have eroded dramatically, and the humpback chub is
    critically endangered. In 1996, after years of debate, scientists at
    the United States Geological Survey agreed on a plan to restore the
    ecosystem. They hoped that releasing a massive flood through the dam
    would shift sediment trapped at the bottom of the river and rebuild the
    beaches. Later that year, they pumped an extra 1,290 cubic metres of
    water per second down the canyon for a week, atan estimated cost to
    power companies of $ 2.5 million.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 10
 EP 10
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
    Miller, K
    Padian, K
 TI Expert witness: the scientists who testified against intelligent design
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 11
 EP 11
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Gene study raises fears for three-parent babies
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Controversy has been caused by an assisted reproduction technique that
    mixes mitochondria from two women. The technique has raised ethical
    concerns as the resulting babies have DNA from two mothers as well as
    the father.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 12
 EP 12
 PG 1
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Jones, D
 TI Personal effects
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Small organisms, such as cyanobacteria, can have a big impact. Each
    living thing effects the environment they live in. This has ecological
    and evolutionary consequences.
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 14
 EP 16
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cherry, M
 TI Star of the south
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 18
 EP 19
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Sharp shooter
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 18
 EP 18
 PG 1
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schrope, M
 TI Winds of change
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 21
 EP 22
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wadman, M
 TI Race is on for flu vaccine
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID A/DUCK/SINGAPORE/97 H5N3 VACCINE; MF59-ADJUVANTED INFLUENZA
 AB Drug companies are using adjuvants to boost their vaccines in a bid to
    be ready for a flu pandemic. The cell-surface proteins of flu viruses
    change, or drift, over time, so vaccine makers can't develop a vaccine
    in advance that they know will work if bird flu acquires the ability to
    pass between humans, triggering a pandemic. What is more, there aren
    not many companies in the race, afterlow profits drove many to stop
    producing vaccines at all.
 NR 3
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU King, DA
 TI UK must go on promoting and funding science
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Off Sci & Technol, London SW1H 0ET, England.
 RP King, DA, Off Sci & Technol, 1 Victoria St, London SW1H 0ET, England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 BP 24
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hawksworth, DL
 TI Universal fungus register offers pattern for zoology
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, IUBS IUMS Int Comm Bionomenclature, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
 RP Hawksworth, DL, Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Biol Vegetal 2, IUBS IUMS
    Int Comm Bionomenclature, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 24
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hsieh, YH
 TI Mapping the complexities of science and politics
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Math, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
 RP Hsieh, YH, Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Appl Math, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
 NR 2
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 BP 24
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rutherford, A
 TI Mad, bad and dangerous: The scientist and the cinema
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fitzpatrick, M
 TI The science and fiction of autism
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 438
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Moore, PD
 TI Demons in Eden: The paradox of plant diversity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ London Kings Coll, Div Life Sci, London SE1 9NH, England.
 RP Moore, PD, Univ London Kings Coll, Div Life Sci, Franklin Wilkins
    Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 438
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 BP 27
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Heilbron, JL
 TI Wit and wisdom
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Museum Hist Sci, Oxford, England.
 RP Heilbron, JL, Museum Hist Sci, Broad St, Oxford, England.
 NR 2
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Blinkhorn, S
 TI Intelligence - A gender bender
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Psychometr Res & Dev Ltd, St Albans AL1 3HT, Herts, England.
 RP Blinkhorn, S, Psychometr Res & Dev Ltd, Brewmaster House, St Albans AL1
    3HT, Herts, England.
 EM steve@prd.co.uk
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 31
 EP 32
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Reynolds, C
 TI Astronomy - Light on a dark place
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER
 C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
 RP Reynolds, C, Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
 EM chris@astro.umd.edu
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 32
 EP 33
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Andersen, RA
 TI Microbiology  Algae and the vitamin mosaic
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DIATOMS
 C1 Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA.
 RP Andersen, RA, Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Provasoli Guillard Natl Ctr
    Culture Marine Phytop, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA.
 EM randersen@bigelow.org
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 33
 EP 35
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cazenave, A
 TI Global change - Sea level and volcanoes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 CNES, LEGOS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, F-31401 Toulouse, France.
 RP Cazenave, A, CNES, LEGOS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, 18 Ave
    Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse, France.
 EM anny.cazenave@cnes.fr
 NR 11
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 35
 EP 36
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Huang, YPJ
    Montelione, GT
 TI Structural biology - Proteins flex to function
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DYNAMICS; CATALYSIS
 C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
    Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
 RP Huang, YPJ, Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Adv Biotechnol & Med, Piscataway,
    NJ 08854 USA.
 EM guy@cabm.rutgers.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 36
 EP 37
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ellis, RS
 TI Cosmology - The infrared dawn of starlight
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID TELESCOPE
 C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Ellis, RS, CALTECH, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 EM rse@astro.caltech.edu
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 39
 EP 39
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yarus, M
 TI Chemical biology - Bring them back alive
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID RIBOZYMES
 C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
 RP Yarus, M, Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO
    80309 USA.
 EM yarus@colorado.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 40
 EP 40
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Moore, PD
 TI Ecology: Roots of stability (vol 437, pg 959, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 40
 EP 40
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kinlen, L
 TI Richard Doll (1912-2005) Epidemiologist extraordinary. Obituary
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Biographical-Item
 C1 Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX3 7LF, England.
 RP Kinlen, L, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Richard Doll Bldg,Roosevelt Dr, Oxford
    OX3 7LF, England.
 EM leo.kinlen@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 41
 EP 41
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Strogatz, SH
    Abrams, DM
    McRobie, A
    Eckhardt, B
    Ott, E
 TI Crowd synchrony on the Millennium Bridge
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID EXCITATION
 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
    Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
 RP Strogatz, SH, Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853
    USA.
 EM strogatz@cornell.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 43
 EP 44
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Majumder, M
    Chopra, N
    Andrews, R
    Hinds, BJ
 TI Nanoscale hydrodynamics - Enhanced flow in carbon nanotubes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID MEMBRANES
 C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
    Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
 RP Majumder, M, Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506
    USA.
 EM bjhinds@engr.uky.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 44
 EP 44
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cadena, CD
    Ricklefs, RE
    Jimenez, I
    Bermingham, E
 TI Ecology - Is speciation driven by species diversity?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; AREA RELATIONSHIP; ISLAND; DIVERSIFICATION; AGE
 C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA.
    Missouri Bot Garden, Ctr Conservat & Sustainable Dev, St Louis, MO 63166 USA.
    Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama.
 RP Cadena, CD, Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO
    63121 USA.
 EM cdc35b@umsl.edu
 NR 11
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP E1
 EP E2
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Emerson, BC
    Kolm, N
 TI Ecology - Is speciation driven by species diversity? Reply
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID LESSER ANTILLEAN AVIFAUNA; ISLANDS
 C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
 RP Emerson, BC, Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk,
    England.
 EM b.emerson@uea.ac.uk
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP E2
 EP E2
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kashlinsky, A
    Arendt, RG
    Mather, J
    Moseley, SH
 TI Tracing the first stars with fluctuations of the cosmic infrared
    background
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC;
    COBE DIRBE MAPS; 1ST STARS; EXPERIMENT SEARCH; MIDINFRARED
    OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; MICRONS
 AB The deepest space- and ground-based observations find metal-enriched
    galaxies at cosmic times when the Universe was less than 1 Gyr old.
    These stellar populations had to be preceded by the metal-free first
    stars, known as 'population III'. Recent cosmic microwave background
    polarization measurements indicate that stars started forming early -
    when the Universe was <= 200 Myr old. It is now thought that population
    III stars were significantly more massive than the present metal-rich
    stellar populations. Although such sources will not be individually
    detectable by existing or planned telescopes, they would have produced
    significant cosmic infrared background radiation in the near-infrared,
    whose fluctuations reflect the conditions in the primordial density
    field. Here we report a measurement of diffuse flux fluctuations after
    removing foreground stars and galaxies. The anisotropies exceed the
    instrument noise and the more local foregrounds; they can be attributed
    to emission from population III stars, at an era dominated by these
    objects.
 C1 Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
    SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
 RP Kashlinsky, A, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
 EM kashlinsky@stars.gsfc.nasa.gov
 NR 49
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 45
 EP 50
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gravina, B
    Mellars, P
    Ramsey, CB
 TI Radiocarbon dating of interstratified Neanderthal and early modern
    human occupations at the Chatelperronian type-site
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID EUROPE; ICE; CALIBRATION; AURIGNACIAN; PROGRAM; RECORDS; OXFORD; AMS
 AB The question of the coexistence and potential interaction between the
    last Neanderthal and the earliest intrusive populations of anatomically
    modern humans in Europe has recently emerged as a topic of lively
    debate in the archaeological and anthropological literature. Here we
    report the results of radiocarbon accelerator dating for what has been
    reported as an interstratified sequence of late Neanderthal and early
    anatomically modern occupations at the French type-site of the
    Chatelperronian, the Grotte des Fees de Chatelperron, in east-central
    France. The radiocarbon measurements seem to provide the earliest
    secure dates for the presence of Aurignacian technology - and from
    this, we infer the presence of anatomically modern human populations -
    in France.
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, England.
    Univ Oxford, Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Oxford OX1 3QJ, England.
 RP Mellars, P, Univ Cambridge, Dept Archaeol, Downing St, Cambridge CB2
    3DZ, England.
 EM pam59@cam.ac.uk
 NR 46
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 51
 EP 56
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Boule, JB
    Vega, LR
    Zakian, VA
 TI The yeast Pif1p helicase removes telomerase from telomeric DNA
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; NUCLEOPROTEIN
    FILAMENTS; CHROMOSOME ENDS; IN-VIVO; ELONGATION; IDENTIFICATION;
    DISRUPTION; SUBFAMILY; COMPLEX
 AB Telomeres are the physical ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Genetic
    studies have established that the baker's yeast Pif1p DNA helicase is a
    negative regulator of telomerase, the specialized reverse transcriptase
    that maintains telomeric DNA, but the biochemical basis for this
    inhibition was unknown. Here we show that in vitro, Pif1p reduces the
    processivity of telomerase and releases telomerase from telomeric
    oligonucleotides. The released telomerase is enzymatically active
    because it is able to lengthen a challenger oligonucleotide. In vivo,
    overexpression of Pif1p reduces telomerase association with telomeres,
    whereas depleting cells of Pif1p increases the levels of telomere-bound
    Est1p, a telomerase subunit that is present on the telomere when
    telomerase is active. We propose that Pif1p helicase activity limits
    telomerase action both in vivo and in vitro by displacing active
    telomerase from DNA ends.
 C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 RP Zakian, VA, Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 EM vzakian@molbio.princeton.edu
 NR 37
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 57
 EP 61
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Shen, ZQ
    Lo, KY
    Liang, MC
    Ho, PTP
    Zhao, JH
 TI A size of similar to 1 AU for the radio source Sgr A* at the centre of
    the Milky Way
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; SAGITTARIUS-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; X-RAY; NUCLEI;
    MILLIMETER; SPECTRUM; MODELS
 AB Although it is widely accepted that most galaxies have supermassive
    black holes at their centres(1-3), concrete proof has proved elusive.
    Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*)(4), an extremely compact radio source at the
    centre of our Galaxy, is the best candidate for proof(5-7), because it
    is the closest. Previous very-long-baseline interferometry observations
    ( at 7 mm wavelength) reported that Sgr A* is similar to 2 astronomical
    units (AU) in size(8), but this is still larger than the 'shadow' ( a
    remarkably dim inner region encircled by a bright ring) that should
    arise from general relativistic effects near the event horizon of the
    black hole(9). Moreover, the measured size is wavelength dependent(10).
    Here we report a radio image of Sgr A* at a wavelength of 3.5 mm,
    demonstrating that its size is similar to 1 AU. When combined with the
    lower limit on its mass(11), the lower limit on the mass density is 6.5
    x 10(21) M-. pc(-3) (where M-. is the solar mass), which provides
    strong evidence that Sgr A* is a supermassive black hole. The power-law
    relationship between wavelength and intrinsic size ( size proportional
    to wavelength(1.09)) explicitly rules out explanations other than those
    emission models with stratified structure, which predict a smaller
    emitting region observed at a shorter radio wavelength.
 C1 Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China.
    Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
    CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
 RP Shen, ZQ, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030,
    Peoples R China.
 EM zshen@shao.ac.cn
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 62
 EP 64
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Vlasov, YA
    O'Boyle, M
    Hamann, HF
    McNab, SJ
 TI Active control of slow light on a chip with photonic crystal waveguides
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; THERMOOPTICAL SWITCH; ATOMIC MEDIUM; PULSES
 AB It is known that light can be slowed down in dispersive materials near
    resonances(1). Dramatic reduction of the light group velocity and even
    bringing light pulses to a complete halt - has been demonstrated
    recently in various atomic(2-5) and solid state systems(6-8), where the
    material absorption is cancelled via quantum optical coherent
    effects(3-5,7). Exploitation of slow light phenomena has potential for
    applications ranging from all-optical storage to all-optical
    switching(9,10). Existing schemes, however, are restricted to the
    narrow frequency range of the material resonance, which limits the
    operation frequency, maximum data rate and storage capacity(10).
    Moreover, the implementation of external lasers, low pressures and/or
    low temperatures prevents miniaturization and hinders practical
    applications. Here we experimentally demonstrate an over 300-fold
    reduction of the group velocity on a silicon chip via an ultra-compact
    photonic integrated circuit using low-loss silicon photonic crystal
    waveguides(11,12) that can support an optical mode with a submicrometre
    cross-section(13,14). In addition, we show fast (similar to 100 ns) and
    efficient (2 mW electric power) active control of the group velocity by
    localized heating of the photonic crystal waveguide with an integrated
    micro-heater.
 C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA.
 RP Vlasov, YA, IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598
    USA.
 EM yvlasov@us.ibm.com
 NR 28
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 65
 EP 69
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Piana, S
    Reyhani, M
    Gale, JD
 TI Simulating micrometre-scale crystal growth from solution
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID UREA CRYSTALS; KINETICS; DISSOLUTION; MECHANISMS; SURFACES; WATER
 AB Understanding crystal growth is essential for controlling the
    crystallization used in industrial separation and purification
    processes. Because solids interact through their surfaces, crystal
    shape can influence both chemical and physical properties(1). The
    thermodynamic morphology can readily be predicted(2), but most particle
    shapes are actually controlled by the kinetics of the atomic growth
    processes through which assembly occurs(3). Here we study the urea -
    solvent interface at the nanometre scale and report kinetic Monte Carlo
    simulations of the micrometre- scale three-dimensional growth of urea
    crystals. These simulations accurately reproduce experimentally
    observed crystal growth. Unlike previous models of crystal growth(4-6),
    no assumption is made that the morphology can be constructed from the
    results for independently growing surfaces or from an a priori
    specification of surface defect concentration. This approach offers
    insights into the role of the solvent, the degree of supersaturation,
    and the contribution that extended defects ( such as screw
    dislocations) make to crystal growth. It also connects observations
    made at the nanometre scale, through in situ atomic force microscopy,
    with those made at the macroscopic level. If extended to include
    additives, the technique could lead to the computer-aided design of
    crystals.
 C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Nanochem Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
 RP Gale, JD, Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Nanochem Res Inst, GPO
    Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
 EM J.Gale@curtin.edu.au
 NR 22
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 70
 EP 73
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Church, JA
    White, NJ
    Arblaster, JM
 TI Significant decadal-scale impact of volcanic eruptions on sea level and
    ocean heat content
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE; ANTHROPOGENIC FORCINGS; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS;
    MODEL; RISE; ICE
 AB Ocean thermal expansion contributes significantly to sea-level
    variability and rise(1). However, observed decadal variability in ocean
    heat content(2,3) and sea level(4) has not been reproduced well in
    climate models(5). Aerosols injected into the stratosphere during
    volcanic eruptions scatter incoming solar radiation, and cause a rapid
    cooling of the atmosphere(6,7) and a reduction in rainfall(6,8,9,) as
    well as other changes in the climate system(7). Here we use
    observations of ocean heat content(2,3) and a set of climate
    simulations to show that large volcanic eruptions result in rapid
    reductions in ocean heat content and global mean sea level. For the Mt
    Pinatubo eruption, we estimate a reduction in ocean heat content of
    about 3 x 10(22) J and a global sea-level fall of about 5 mm. Over the
    three years following such an eruption, we estimate a decrease in
    evaporation of up to 0.1 mm d(-1), comparable to observed changes in
    mean land precipitation(6,8,9). The recovery of sea level following the
    Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991 explains about half of the difference
    between the long-termrate of sea-level rise(4) of 1.8 mm yr(-1) ( for
    1950 - 2000), and the higher rate estimated for the more recent period
    where satellite altimeter data are available (1993 - 2000)(4,10).
 C1 CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
    Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
    Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
 RP Church, JA, CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas
    7001, Australia.
 EM John.Church@csiro.au
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 74
 EP 77
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Unsworth, MJ
    Jones, AG
    Wei, W
    Marquis, G
    Gokarn, SG
    Spratt, JE
 CA INDEPTH-MT Team
 TI Crustal rheology of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet inferred from
    magnetotelluric data
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION; MIDDLE CRUST; EVOLUTION; PLATEAU;
    CONSTRAINTS; COLLISION; GRANITE; CHANNEL; FLUIDS; FLOW
 AB The Cenozoic collision between the Indian and Asian continents formed
    the Tibetan plateau, beginning about 70 million years ago. Since this
    time, at least 1,400 km of convergence has been accommodated(1) by a
    combination of underthrusting of Indian(2) and Asian lithosphere,
    crustal shortening(3), horizontal extrusion(4) and lithospheric
    delamination(5). Rocks exposed in the Himalaya show evidence of crustal
    melting(1,6) and are thought to have been exhumed by rapid erosion and
    climatically forced crustal flow(7,8). Magnetotelluric data can be used
    to image subsurface electrical resistivity, a parameter sensitive to
    the presence of interconnected fluids in the host rock matrix, even at
    low volume fractions. Here we present magnetotelluric data from the
    Tibetan - Himalayan orogen from 77 degrees E to 92 degrees E, which
    show that low resistivity, interpreted as a partially molten layer, is
    present along at least 1,000 km of the southern margin of the Tibetan
    plateau. The inferred low viscosity of this layer is consistent with
    the development of climatically forced crustal flow in Southern Tibet.
 C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Sch Cosm Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland.
    China Univ Geosci, Minist Educ, Geodetect Lab, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
    Univ Strasbourg, EOST IPGS, EOST ULP, UMR 7516, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
    Indian Inst Geomagnetism, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India.
 RP Unsworth, MJ, Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada.
 EM unsworth@phys.Ualberta.ca
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 78
 EP 81
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Giovannoni, SJ
    Bibbs, L
    Cho, JC
    Stapels, MD
    Desiderio, R
    Vergin, KL
    Rappe, MS
    Laney, S
    Wilhelm, LJ
    Tripp, HJ
    Mathur, EJ
    Barofsky, DF
 TI Proteorhodopsin in the ubiquitous marine bacterium SAR11
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID OCEAN; SEA; IDENTIFICATION; PHOTOTROPHY; GENES; CLADE
 AB Proteorhodopsins are light-dependent proton pumps that are predicted to
    have an important role in the ecology of the oceans by supplying energy
    for microbial metabolism(1,2). Proteorhodopsin genes were first
    discovered through the cloning and sequencing of large genomic DNA
    fragments from seawater(1). They were later shown to be widely
    distributed, phylogenetically diverse, and active in the oceans(3-7).
    Proteorhodopsin genes have not been found in cultured bacteria, and on
    the basis of environmental sequence data, it has not yet been possible
    to reconstruct the genomes of uncultured bacterial strains that have
    proteorhodopsin genes. Although the metabolic effect of
    proteorhodopsins is uncertain, they are thought to function in cells
    for which the primary mode of metabolism is the heterotrophic
    assimilation of dissolved organic carbon. Here we report that SAR11
    strain HTCC1062 ('Pelagibacter ubique')(8), the first cultivated member
    of the extraordinarily abundant SAR11 clade, expresses a
    proteorhodopsin gene when cultured in autoclaved seawater and in its
    natural environment, the ocean. The Pelagibacter proteorhodopsin
    functions as a light-dependent proton pump. The gene is expressed by
    cells grown in either diurnal light or in darkness, and there is no
    difference between the growth rates or cell yields of cultures grown in
    light or darkness.
 C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
    Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
    Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
    Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
 RP Giovannoni, SJ, Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331
    USA.
 EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu
 NR 21
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 82
 EP 85
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lindell, D
    Jaffe, JD
    Johnson, ZI
    Church, GM
    Chisholm, SW
 TI Photosynthesis genes in marine viruses yield proteins during host
    infection
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SYNECHOCOCCUS STRAINS; PROCHLOROCOCCUS; GENOME; METABOLISM; PHAGE; LIGHT
 AB Cyanobacteria, and the viruses ( phages) that infect them, are
    significant contributors to the oceanic 'gene pool'(1,2). This pool is
    dynamic, and the transfer of genetic material between hosts and their
    phages(3-6) probably influences the genetic and functional diversity of
    both. For example, photosynthesis genes of cyanobacterial origin have
    been found in phages that infect Prochlorococcus(5,7) and
    Synechococcus(8,9), the numerically dominant phototrophs in ocean
    ecosystems. These genes include psbA, which encodes the photosystem II
    core reaction centre protein D1, and high-light-inducible ( hli) genes.
    Here we show that phage psbA and hli genes are expressed during
    infection of Prochlorococcus and are cotranscribed with essential phage
    capsid genes, and that the amount of phage D1 protein increases
    steadily over the infective period. We also show that the expression of
    host photosynthesis genes declines over the course of infection and
    that replication of the phage genome is a function of photosynthesis.
    We thus propose that the phage genes are functional in photosynthesis
    and that they may be increasing phage fitness by supplementing the host
    production of these proteins.
 C1 MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Chisholm, SW, MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave,
    Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM chisholm@mit.edu
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 86
 EP 89
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Croft, MT
    Lawrence, AD
    Raux-Deery, E
    Warren, MJ
    Smith, AG
 TI Algae acquire vitamin B-12 through a symbiotic relationship with
    bacteria
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID COBALAMIN VITAMIN-B-12; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METABOLISM; REDUCTASE;
    EVOLUTION; FOLATE; GENOME
 AB Vitamin B-12 ( cobalamin) was identified nearly 80 years ago as the
    anti- pernicious anaemia factor in liver(1), and its importance in
    human health and disease has resulted in much work on its uptake(2),
    cellular transport(3) and utilization(4). Plants do not contain
    cobalamin because they have no cobalamin-dependent enzymes.
    Deficiencies are therefore common in strict vegetarians(5), and in the
    elderly, who are susceptible to an autoimmune disorder that prevents
    its efficient uptake(6). In contrast, many algae are rich in vitamin
    B-12, with some species, such as Porphyra yezoensis (Nori), containing
    as much cobalamin as liver(7). Despite this, the role of the cofactor
    in algal metabolism remains unknown, as does the source of the vitamin
    for these organisms. A survey of 326 algal species revealed that 171
    species require exogenous vitamin B-12 for growth, implying that more
    than half of the algal kingdom are cobalamin auxotrophs. Here we show
    that the role of vitamin B-12 in algal metabolism is primarily as a
    cofactor for vitamin B-12-dependent methionine synthase, and that
    cobalamin auxotrophy has arisen numerous times throughout evolution,
    probably owing to the loss of the vitamin B-12-independent form of the
    enzyme. The source of cobalamin seems to be bacteria, indicating an
    important and unsuspected symbiosis.
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
    Univ Kent, Dept Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England.
 RP Smith, AG, Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
 EM as25@cam.ac.uk
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 90
 EP 93
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brunet, I
    Weinl, C
    Piper, M
    Trembleau, A
    Volovitch, M
    Harris, W
    Prochiantz, A
    Holt, C
 TI The transcription factor Engrailed-2 guides retinal axons
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID GANGLION-CELL AXONS; OPTIC TECTUM; TYROSINE KINASES; GROWTH CONES;
    EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; TRANSLATION; HOMEOPROTEIN; GUIDANCE; LIGANDS
 AB Engrailed-2 (En-2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in
    a caudal-to-rostral gradient in the developing midbrain, where it has
    an instructive role in patterning the optic tectum - the target of
    topographic retinal input(1,2). In addition to its well-known role in
    regulating gene expression through its DNA-binding domain, En-2 may
    also have a role in cell - cell communication, as suggested by the
    presence of other domains involved in nuclear export, secretion and
    internalization(3). Consistent with this possibility, here we report
    that an external gradient of En-2 protein strongly repels growth cones
    of Xenopus axons originating from the temporal retina and, conversely,
    attracts nasal axons. Fluorescently tagged En-2 accumulates inside
    growth cones within minutes of exposure, and a mutant form of the
    protein that cannot enter cells fails to elicit axon turning. Once
    internalized, En-2 stimulates the rapid phosphorylation of proteins
    involved in translation initiation and triggers the local synthesis of
    new proteins. Furthermore, the turning responses of both nasal and
    temporal growth cones in the presence of En-2 are blocked by inhibitors
    of protein synthesis. The differential guidance of nasal and temporal
    axons reported here suggests that En-2 may participate directly in
    topographic map formation in the vertebrate visual system.
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England.
    Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UMR 8542, F-75230 Paris, France.
 RP Holt, C, Univ Cambridge, Dept Anat, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3DY,
    England.
 EM prochian@biologie.ens.fr
    ceh@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 94
 EP 98
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Veazey, RS
    Klasse, PJ
    Schader, SM
    Hu, QX
    Ketas, TJ
    Lu, M
    Marx, PA
    Dufour, J
    Colonno, RJ
    Shattock, RJ
    Springer, MS
    Moore, JP
 TI Protection of macaques from vaginal SHIV challenge by vaginally
    delivered inhibitors of virus-cell fusion
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION; ENTRY INHIBITORS; CCR5
    INHIBITOR; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; ANTAGONISTS; ATTACHMENT; PREVENTION;
    DISCOVERY
 AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to spread,
    principally by heterosexual sex, but no vaccine is available(1). Hence,
    alternative prevention methods are needed to supplement educational and
    behavioural-modification programmes. One such approach is a vaginal
    microbicide: the application of inhibitory compounds before
    intercourse(2). Here, we have evaluated the microbicide concept using
    the rhesus macaque 'high dose'vaginal transmission model with a
    CCR5-receptor-using simian - human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-162P3)
    and three compounds that inhibit different stages of the virus - cell
    attachment and entry process. These compounds are BMS-378806, a small
    molecule that binds the viral gp120 glycoprotein and prevents its
    attachment to the CD4 and CCR5 receptors(3,4), CMPD167, a small
    molecule that binds to CCR5 to inhibit gp120 association(5), and C52L,
    a bacterially expressed peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated fusion(6).
    In vitro, all three compounds inhibit infection of T cells and cervical
    tissue explants, and C52L acts synergistically with CMPD167 or
    BMS-378806 to inhibit infection of cell lines. In vivo, significant
    protection was achieved using each compound alone and in combinations.
    CMPD167 and BMS-378806 were protective even when applied 6 h before
    challenge.
 C1 Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA.
    Tulane Natl Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA.
    Univ London, St Georges, London SW17 0RE, England.
    Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA.
    Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Inst Pharmaceut, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA.
    Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA.
 RP Moore, JP, Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, New
    York, NY 10021 USA.
 EM jpm2003@med.cornell.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 99
 EP 102
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU LaCount, DJ
    Vignali, M
    Chettier, R
    Phansalkar, A
    Bell, R
    Hesselberth, JR
    Schoenfeld, LW
    Ota, I
    Sahasrabudhe, S
    Kurschner, C
    Fields, S
    Hughes, RE
 TI A protein interaction network of the malaria parasite Plasmodium
    falciparum
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LIFE-CYCLE; BIOLOGY; YEAST; GENOMICS; COMPLEX; ACETYLTRANSFERASE;
    ORGANIZATION; ERYTHROCYTE; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE
 AB Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and kills
    up to 2.7 million people annually(1). Despite the global importance of
    P. falciparum, the vast majority of its proteins have not been
    characterized experimentally. Here we identify P. falciparum protein -
    protein interactions using a high-throughput version of the yeast
    two-hybrid assay that circumvents the difficulties in expressing P.
    falciparum proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From more than 32,000
    yeast two-hybrid screens with P. falciparum protein fragments, we
    identified 2,846 unique interactions, most of which include at least
    one previously uncharacterized protein. Informatic analyses of network
    connectivity, coexpression of the genes encoding interacting fragments,
    and enrichment of specific protein domains or Gene Ontology
    annotations(2) were used to identify groups of interacting proteins,
    including one implicated in chromatin modification, transcription,
    messenger RNA stability and ubiquitination, and another implicated in
    the invasion of host cells. These data constitute the first extensive
    description of the protein interaction network for this important human
    pathogen.
 C1 Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Prolexys Pharmaceut Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84111 USA.
 RP Fields, S, Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Box 357730,
    Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
 EM fields@u.washington.edu
    rhughes@buckinstitute.org
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 103
 EP 107
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Suthram, S
    Sittler, T
    Ideker, T
 TI The Plasmodium protein network diverges from those of other eukaryotes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INTERACTION MAP; LIFE-CYCLE; FALCIPARUM;
    MALARIA; ENDOCYTOSIS; ANNOTATION; BIOLOGY; GENOMES; YEAST
 AB Plasmodium falciparum is the pathogen responsible for over 90% of human
    deaths from malaria(1). Therefore, it has been the focus of a
    considerable research initiative, involving the complete DNA sequencing
    of the genome(2), large-scale expression analyses(3,4), and protein
    characterization of its life-cycle stages(5). The Plasmodium genome
    sequence is relatively distant from those of most other eukaryotes,
    with more than 60% of the 5,334 encoded proteins lacking any notable
    sequence similarity to other organisms(2). To systematically elucidate
    functional relationships among these proteins, a large two-hybrid study
    has recently mapped a network of 2,846 interactions involving 1,312
    proteins within Plasmodium6. This network adds to a growing collection
    of available interaction maps for a number of different organisms, and
    raises questions about whether the divergence of Plasmodium at the
    sequence level is reflected in the configuration of its protein
    network. Here we examine the degree of conservation between the
    Plasmodium protein network and those of model organisms. Although we
    find 29 highly connected protein complexes specific to the network of
    the pathogen, we find very little conservation with complexes observed
    in other organisms ( three in yeast, none in the others). Overall, the
    patterns of protein interaction in Plasmodium, like its genome
    sequence, set it apart from other species.
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Suthram, S, Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat Program, La Jolla, CA
    92093 USA.
 EM ssuthram@ucsd.edu
 NR 30
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 108
 EP 112
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lipford, JR
    Smith, GT
    Chi, Y
    Deshaies, RJ
 TI A putative stimulatory role for activator turnover in gene expression
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GCN4; UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASOME
    INHIBITION; YEAST; DEGRADATION; KINASE; RECRUITMENT; STRESS; GAL4
 AB The ubiquitin - proteasome system (UPS) promotes the destruction of
    target proteins by attaching to them a ubiquitin chain that is
    recognized by the 26S proteasome(1). The UPS influences most cellular
    processes, and its targets include transcriptional activators that are
    primary determinants of gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates
    that non-proteolytic functions of the UPS might stimulate
    transcriptional activity(2,3). Here we show that the proteolysis of
    some transcriptional activators by the UPS can stimulate their
    function. We focused on the role of UPS-dependent proteolysis in the
    function of inducible transcriptional activators in yeast, and found
    that inhibition of the proteasome(4) reduced transcription of the
    targets of the activators Gcn4, Gal4 and Ino2/4. In addition, mutations
    in SCFCdc4, the ubiquitin ligase for Gcn4 (ref. 5), or mutations in
    ubiquitin that prevent degradation(6), also impaired the transcription
    of Gcn4 targets. These transcriptional defects were manifested despite
    the enhanced abundance of Gcn4 on cognate promoters. Proteasome
    inhibition also decreased the association of RNA polymerase II with
    Gcn4, Gal4 and Ino2/4 targets, as did mutations in SCFCdc4 for Gcn4
    targets. Expression of a stable phospho-site mutant of Gcn4 ( ref. 7)
    or disruption of the kinases that target Gcn4 for turnover(5,7)
    alleviated the sensitivity of Gcn4 activity to defects in the UPS.
 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Deshaies, RJ, CALTECH, Div Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, MC 156-29,1200
    E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 EM deshaies@caltech.edu
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 113
 EP 116
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Eisenmesser, EZ
    Millet, O
    Labeikovsky, W
    Korzhnev, DM
    Wolf-Watz, M
    Bosco, DA
    Skalicky, JJ
    Kay, LE
    Kern, D
 TI Intrinsic dynamics of an enzyme underlies catalysis
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CIS-TRANS-ISOMERIZATION; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; TRIOSEPHOSPHATE
    ISOMERASE; CHEMICAL-EXCHANGE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN DYNAMICS;
    CYCLOPHILIN-A; LOOP MOTION; FLEXIBILITY; STATES
 AB A unique feature of chemical catalysis mediated by enzymes is that the
    catalytically reactive atoms are embedded within a folded protein.
    Although current understanding of enzyme function has been focused on
    the chemical reactions and static three-dimensional structures, the
    dynamic nature of proteins has been proposed to have a function in
    catalysis(1-5). The concept of conformational substates has been
    described(6); however, the challenge is to unravel the intimate linkage
    between protein flexibility and enzymatic function. Here we show that
    the intrinsic plasticity of the protein is a key characteristic of
    catalysis. The dynamics of the prolyl cis - trans isomerase cyclophilin
    A ( CypA) in its substrate-free state and during catalysis were
    characterized with NMR relaxation experiments. The characteristic
    enzyme motions detected during catalysis are already present in the
    free enzyme with frequencies corresponding to the catalytic turnover
    rates. This correlation suggests that the protein motions necessary for
    catalysis are an intrinsic property of the enzyme and may even limit
    the overall turnover rate. Motion is localized not only to the active
    site but also to a wider dynamic network. Whereas coupled networks in
    proteins have been proposed previously(3,7-10), we experimentally
    measured the collective nature of motions with the use of mutant forms
    of CypA. We propose that the pre-existence of collective dynamics in
    enzymes before catalysis is a common feature of biocatalysts and that
    proteins have evolved under synergistic pressure between structure and
    dynamics.
 C1 Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
    Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
 RP Kern, D, Brandeis Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biochem, Waltham,
    MA 02454 USA.
 EM dkern@brandeis.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 117
 EP 121
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Tripati, A
    Backman, J
    Elderfield, H
    Ferretti, P
 TI Eocene bipolar glaciation associated with global carbon cycle changes
    (vol 436, pg 341, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 122
 EP 122
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Arrigo, KR
 TI Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles (vol 437, pg 349, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 122
 EP 122
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Seller-Mason, S
 TI Shopping - Place your bets and buy into the future.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD NOV 3
 PY 2005
 VL 438
 IS 7064
 BP 128
 EP 128
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 979XS
 UT ISI:000232979000056
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Waking up to the importance of sleep
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1207
 EP 1207
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Is the city safe?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1207
 EP 1208
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Free tips
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1208
 EP 1208
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Simonite, T
 TI Migration threatens to send flu south
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1212
 EP 1213
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Butler, D
 TI Ornithologists on the front line
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1212
 EP 1213
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Trial aims to measure social effects of choosing babies' sex
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1214
 EP 1215
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100006
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Europe revamps visa rules to attract world's best minds
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1215
 EP 1215
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI Advisers knock Katrina health tests
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1216
 EP 1217
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cherry, M
 TI Ministers agree to act on warnings of soaring temperatures in Africa
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1217
 EP 1217
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Graphic detail: Twelve years of nuclear traffic
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1218
 EP 1218
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Neuroscience: While you were sleeping
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID REM-SLEEP; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; SYNUCLEINOPATHY; SPECT
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1220
 EP 1222
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI Physics: Far from the frontier
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1224
 EP 1225
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Pilcher, H
 TI Microbiology: Pipe dreams
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1227
 EP 1228
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI Patent reform prompts intellectual tug-of-war
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1230
 EP 1231
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Khamsi, R
 TI Market watch
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1231
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 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Friedberg, EC
 TI Call for a cull of pointlessly different reference styles
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
 RP Friedberg, EC, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX 75390
    USA.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1232
 EP 1232
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Culic, O
 TI Noting Croats' difference from other Slavs isn't racist
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 RP Culic, O, Medvedgradska 70, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1232
 EP 1232
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ramos, FM
 TI Internet forest-watchers a new force for conservation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Natl Inst Space Res, BR-12227010 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
 RP Ramos, FM, Natl Inst Space Res, Ave Astronautas 1758, BR-12227010 Sao
    Paulo, Brazil.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1232
 EP 1232
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wohlfarth, T
    Storosum, J
 TI Later results don't confirm antidepressant suicide link
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Med Evaluat Board Netherlands, NL-2500 BE The Hague, Netherlands.
 RP Wohlfarth, T, Med Evaluat Board Netherlands, POB 16229, NL-2500 BE The
    Hague, Netherlands.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1232
 EP 1232
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gibbs, R
 TI Deeper into the genome
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
 RP Gibbs, R, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1233
 EP 1234
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Allen, JF
 TI Power, sex, suicide: Mitochondria and the meaning of life
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ London, Queen Mary, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England.
 RP Allen, JF, Univ London, Queen Mary, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Mile End Rd,
    London E1 4NS, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1235
 EP 1236
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Raine, D
 TI It's about time: Understanding Einstein's relativity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
 RP Raine, D, Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics,
    England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1237
 EP 1237
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Seeberger, PH
 TI Exploring life's sweet spot
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 ETH, Organ Chem Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
    Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 RP Seeberger, PH, ETH, Organ Chem Lab, Wolfgang Pauli Str 10, CH-8093
    Zurich, Switzerland.
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1239
 EP 1239
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Goldstein, DB
    Cavalleri, GL
 TI Genomics - Understanding human diversity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISEASE
 C1 Duke Univ, Ctr Populat Genom & Pharmacogenet, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
 RP Goldstein, DB, Duke Univ, Ctr Populat Genom & Pharmacogenet, Inst
    Genome Sci & Policy, 103 Res Dr,DUMC Box 3471, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
 EM d.goldstein@duke.edu
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1241
 EP 1242
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mokaya, R
    Poliakoff, M
 TI Chemistry - A cleaner way to nylon?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England.
 RP Mokaya, R, Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD,
    England.
 EM R.Mokaya@nottingham.ac.uk
    Martyn.Poliakoff@nottingham.ac.uk
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1243
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Parry, G
 TI Solid-state physics - Silicon's new shine
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England.
 RP Parry, G, Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys,
    Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England.
 EM g.parry@imperial.ac.uk
 NR 4
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Jankowsky, E
 TI Biophysics - Helicase snaps back
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; REP HELICASE; MECHANISMS; RNA
 C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr RNA Mol Biol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
 RP Jankowsky, E, Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 10900
    Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
 EM exj13@case.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1245
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 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Greer, AL
    Mathur, N
 TI Materials science - Changing face of the chameleon
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID STATE
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
 RP Greer, AL, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, New Museums
    Site,Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England.
 EM alg13@cam.ac.uk
    ndm12@cus.cam.ac.uk
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1246
 EP 1247
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Drin, G
    Antonny, B
 TI Cell biology - Helices sculpt membrane
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 CNRS, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, F-06560 Valbonne, France.
    Univ Nice, F-06560 Valbonne, France.
 RP Drin, G, CNRS, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, 660 Route Lucioles,
    F-06560 Valbonne, France.
 EM antonny@ipmc.cnrs.fr
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1247
 EP 1248
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lincoln, T
 TI Mycology - The whiff of danger
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID MEMBRANE CURVATURE; COPII VESICLE; HELIX; COAT
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1248
 EP 1249
 PG 2
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU van Wees, B
 TI Solid-state physics - Spin in the slow lane
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
    Univ Groningen, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
 RP van Wees, B, Univ Groningen, Dept Appl Phys, Nijenborgh 4-13, NL-9747
    AG Groningen, Netherlands.
 EM b.j.van.wees@rug.nl
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1249
 EP 1249
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Oliveira, JG
    Barabasi, AL
 TI Human dynamics: Darwin and Einstein correspondence patterns
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
    Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
    Univ Aveiro, Dept Fis, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
    Harvard Univ, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 RP Oliveira, JG, Univ Notre Dame, Ctr Complex Network Res, Notre Dame, IN
    46556 USA.
 EM alb@nd.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1251
 EP 1251
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ju, TZ
    Cummings, RD
 TI Protein glycosylation - Chaperone mutation in Tn syndrome
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BETA-1,3-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE
 C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA.
    Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma Ctr Med Glycobiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA.
 RP Ju, TZ, Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma
    City, OK 73104 USA.
 EM richard-cummings@ouhsc.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1252
 EP 1252
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rowe, C
    Harris, JM
    Roberts, SC
 TI Sporting contests - Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID COLOR
 C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol & Psychol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.
    Univ St Andrews, St Marys Coll, Sch Psychol, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland.
    Univ Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Evolutionary Psychol & Behav Ecol Grp, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England.
 RP Rowe, C, Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol & Psychol, Newcastle Upon
    Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England.
 EM candy.rowe@ncl.ac.uk
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP E10
 EP E10
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Barton, RA
    Hill, RA
 TI Sporting contests - Seeing red? Putting sportswear in context - Reply
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DOMINANCE
 C1 Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Evolutionary Anthropol Res Grp, Durham DH1 3HN, England.
 RP Barton, RA, Univ Durham, Dept Anthropol, Evolutionary Anthropol Res
    Grp, Durham DH1 3HN, England.
 EM r.a.hill@durham.ac.uk
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP E10
 EP E11
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Spiro, J
 TI Sleep
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1253
 EP 1253
 PG 1
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 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hobson, JA
 TI Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PET
 AB Sleep is a widespread biological phenomenon, and its scientific study
    is proceeding at multiple levels at the same time. Marked progress is
    being made in answering three fundamental questions: what is sleep,
    what are its mechanisms and what are its functions? The most salient
    answers to these questions have resulted from applying new techniques
    from basic and applied neuroscience research. The study of sleep is
    also shedding light on our understanding of consciousness, which
    undergoes alteration in parallel with sleep-induced changes in the
    brain.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 RP Hobson, JA, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 74 Fenwood Rd,401 Pk
    Dr,2nd Floor E, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 EM allan_hobson@hms.harvard.edu
 NR 19
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1254
 EP 1256
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Saper, CB
    Scammell, TE
    Lu, J
 TI Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NUCLEUS; BEHAVIORAL STATE; SUPRACHIASMATIC
    NUCLEUS; BASAL FOREBRAIN; TUBEROMAMMILLARY NEURONS; GALANINERGIC
    NEURONS; PARADOXICAL SLEEP; WAKING DISCHARGE; LOCUS-COERULEUS;
    HUMAN-BRAIN
 AB A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the
    brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of
    sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups
    that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the
    hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other
    hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in
    inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in
    narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and
    wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental
    influences to shape wake - sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for
    survival.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 RP Saper, CB, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept
    Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 EM csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu
 NR 100
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1257
 EP 1263
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Siegel, JM
 TI Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; BRAIN-STEM; RAT-BRAIN;
    DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PARADOXICAL SLEEP; TACHYGLOSSUS-ACULEATUS;
    MEMORY CONSOLIDATION; RETICULAR-FORMATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM
 AB The functions of mammalian sleep remain unclear. Most theories suggest
    a role for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in energy conservation
    and in nervous system recuperation. Theories of REM sleep have
    suggested a role for this state in periodic brain activation during
    sleep, in localized recuperative processes and in emotional regulation.
    Across mammals, the amount and nature of sleep are correlated with age,
    body size and ecological variables, such as whether the animals live in
    a terrestrial or an aquatic environment, their diet and the safety of
    their sleeping site. Sleep may be an efficient time for the completion
    of a number of functions, but variations in sleep expression indicate
    that these functions may differ across species.
 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, VA GLAHS Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343 USA.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Brain Res Inst, North Hills, CA 91343 USA.
 RP Siegel, JM, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, VA GLAHS
    Sepulveda, North Hills, CA 91343 USA.
 EM JSiegel@ucla.edu
 NR 100
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1264
 EP 1271
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Stickgold, R
 TI Sleep-dependent memory consolidation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; BRAIN GENE-EXPRESSION; LATE
    NOCTURNAL SLEEP; SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; VISUAL-CORTEX; MOTOR
    MEMORY; DISCRIMINATION; SKILL
 AB The concept of 'sleeping on a problem' is familiar to most of us. But
    with myriad stages of sleep, forms of memory and processes of memory
    encoding and consolidation, sorting out how sleep contributes to memory
    has been anything but straightforward. Nevertheless, converging
    evidence, from the molecular to the phenomenological, leaves little
    doubt that offline memory reprocessing during sleep is an important
    component of how our memories are formed and ultimately shaped.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
    Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 RP Stickgold, R, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, 330 Brookline
    Ave,FD-861, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 EM rstickgold@hms.harvard.edu
 NR 63
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1272
 EP 1278
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mahowald, MW
    Schenck, CH
 TI Insights from studying human sleep disorders
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; CHRONIC INSOMNIA; REM-SLEEP;
    NIGHT-TERRORS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; PHASE SYNDROME; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS;
    PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NOCTURNAL SLEEP
 AB Problems with sleep are one of the commonest reasons for seeking
    medical attention. Knowledge gained from basic research into sleep in
    animals has led to marked advances in the understanding of human sleep,
    with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. At the same
    time, research guided by human sleep disorders is leading to important
    basic sleep concepts. For example, sleep may not be a global, but
    rather a local, brain phenomenon. Furthermore, contrary to common
    assumptions, wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep
    are not mutually exclusive states. This striking realization explains a
    fascinating range of clinical phenomena.
 C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minnesota Reg Sleep Disorders Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA.
    Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA.
    Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA.
    Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA.
 RP Mahowald, MW, Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Minnesota Reg Sleep Disorders Ctr,
    Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA.
 EM mahow002@umn.edu
 NR 77
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1279
 EP 1285
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nielsen, TA
    Stenstrom, P
 TI hat are the memory sources of dreaming?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; REM-SLEEP; EPISODIC MEMORY; CONSOLIDATION; EVENTS;
    HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; BRAIN; FMRI
 AB Investigators since Freud have appreciated that memories of the people,
    places, activities and emotions of daily life are reflected in dreams
    but are typically so fragmented that their predictability is nil. The
    mechanisms that translate such memories into dream images remain
    largely unknown. New research targeting relationships between dreaming,
    memory and the hippocampus is producing a new theory to explain how,
    why and when we dream of waking life events.
 C1 Hop Sacre Coeur, Dream & Nightmare Lab, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
    Hop Sacre Coeur, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
    Hop Sacre Coeur, Dept Psychol, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
 RP Nielsen, TA, Hop Sacre Coeur, Dream & Nightmare Lab, 5400 Blvd Gouin
    Ouest, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada.
 EM tore.nielsen@umontreal.ca
 NR 41
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1286
 EP 1289
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nowak, MA
    Sigmund, K
 TI Evolution of indirect reciprocity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID TIT-FOR-TAT; PRISONERS-DILEMMA; SOCIAL NORMS; NEURAL BASIS; ALTRUISTIC
    PUNISHMENT; REPEATED GAMES; COOPERATION; REPUTATION; INFORMATION;
    DYNAMICS
 AB Natural selection is conventionally assumed to favour the strong and
    selfish who maximize their own resources at the expense of others. But
    many biological systems, and especially human societies, are organized
    around altruistic, cooperative interactions. How can natural selection
    promote unselfish behaviour? Various mechanisms have been proposed, and
    a rich analysis of indirect reciprocity has recently emerged: I help
    you and somebody else helps me. The evolution of cooperation by
    indirect reciprocity leads to reputation building, morality judgement
    and complex social interactions with ever-increasing cognitive demands.
 C1 Univ Vienna, Fac Math, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
    IIASA, A-2631 Laxenburg, Austria.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Math, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Program Evolutionary Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
 RP Sigmund, K, Univ Vienna, Fac Math, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090
    Vienna, Austria.
 EM karl.sigmund@univie.ac.at
 NR 87
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1291
 EP 1298
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Altshuler, D
    Brooks, LD
    Chakravarti, A
    Collins, FS
    Daly, MJ
    Donnelly, P
 CA Int HapMap Consortium
 TI A haplotype map of the human genome
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; RECENT POSITIVE SELECTION; FACTOR-H
    POLYMORPHISM; LINKAGE-DISEQUILIBRIUM; MACULAR DEGENERATION;
    RECOMBINATION RATES; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; MEIOTIC
    RECOMBINATION; TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASE
 AB Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely
    uncharacterized role in human disease. Here we report a public database
    of common variation in the human genome: more than one million single
    nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) for which accurate and complete
    genotypes have been obtained in 269 DNA samples from four populations,
    including ten 500-kilobase regions in which essentially all information
    about common DNA variation has been extracted. These data document the
    generality of recombination hotspots, a block-like structure of linkage
    disequilibrium and low haplotype diversity, leading to substantial
    correlations of SNPs with many of their neighbours. We show how the
    HapMap resource can guide the design and analysis of genetic
    association studies, shed light on structural variation and
    recombination, and identify loci that may have been subject to natural
    selection during human evolution.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Simches Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, McKusick Nathans Inst Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
 RP Altshuler, D, Harvard Univ, Broad Inst, 1 Kendall Sq, Cambridge, MA
    02139 USA.
 EM altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu
    donnelly@stats.ox.ac.uk
 NR 103
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1299
 EP 1320
 PG 22
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Myong, S
    Rasnik, I
    Joo, C
    Lohman, TM
    Ha, T
 TI Repetitive shuttling of a motor protein on DNA
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; COLI REP HELICASE;
    ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEOPROTEIN FILAMENTS;
    CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; REPLICATION; MOLECULE; RECOMBINATION
 AB Many helicases modulate recombination, an essential process that needs
    to be tightly controlled. Mutations in some human disease helicases
    cause increased recombination, genome instability and cancer. To
    elucidate the potential mode of action of these enzymes, here we
    developed a single-molecule fluorescence assay that can visualize DNA
    binding and translocation of Escherichia coli Rep, a superfamily 1 DNA
    helicase homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srs2. Individual Rep
    monomers were observed to move on single-stranded ( ss) DNA in the 30
    to 50 direction using ATP hydrolysis. Strikingly, on hitting a
    blockade, such as duplex DNA or streptavidin, the protein abruptly
    snapped back close to its initial position, followed by further cycles
    of translocation and snapback. This repetitive shuttling is likely to
    be caused by a blockade-induced protein conformational change that
    enhances DNA affinity for the protein's secondary DNA binding site,
    thereby resulting in a transient DNA loop. Repetitive shuttling was
    also observed on ssDNA bounded by a stalled replication fork and an
    Okazaki fragment analogue, and the presence of Rep delayed formation of
    a filament of recombination protein RecA on ssDNA. Thus, the binding of
    a single Rep monomer to a stalled replication fork can lead to
    repetitive shuttling along the single-stranded region, possibly keeping
    the DNA clear of toxic recombination intermediates.
 C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
    Howard Hughes Med Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
 RP Ha, T, Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
 EM tjha@uiuc.edu
 NR 34
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1321
 EP 1325
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Murray, CD
    Chavez, C
    Beurle, K
    Cooper, N
    Evans, MW
    Burns, JA
    Porco, CC
 TI How prometheus creates structure in Saturn's F ring
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CASSINI IMAGING SCIENCE; PERTURBATIONS; SATELLITES; STRANDS; MASSES
 AB Images of Saturn's narrow and contorted F ring returned by the Cassini
    spacecraft(1) have revealed phenomena not previously detected in any
    planetary ring system. The perturbing effect of the inner shepherding
    satellite, Prometheus, seems to introduce channels through the F ring
    and a 'streamer' - a line of particles that link the ring to the
    satellite. The detailed mechanism for the formation of these features
    has been lacking an explanation. Here we show that these phenomena can
    be understood in terms of a simple gravitational interaction as
    Prometheus approaches and recedes from the F ring every 14.7 hours. Our
    numerical models show that as Prometheus recedes from its closest
    approach to the F ring, it draws out ring material; one orbital period
    later, this affected region has undergone keplerian shear and is
    visible as a channel, in excellent agreement with structures seen in
    the Cassini images. Prometheus' periodic disruption of the F ring will
    become more pronounced as the two orbits approach their minimum
    separation in 2009. The model predicts that the appearance of streamers
    and the associated channels will vary in a regular fashion on a
    timescale of one orbital period.
 C1 Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, London E1 4NS, England.
    Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Cornell Univ, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Space Sci Inst, Cassini Imaging Cent Lab Operat, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.
 RP Murray, CD, Univ London, Queen Mary, Astron Unit, Mile End Rd, London
    E1 4NS, England.
 EM C.D.Murray@qmul.ac.uk
 NR 14
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1326
 EP 1329
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Weber, CP
    Gedik, N
    Moore, JE
    Orenstein, J
    Stephens, J
    Awschalom, DD
 TI Observation of spin Coulomb drag in a two-dimensional electron gas
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SEMICONDUCTORS; LIQUIDS
 AB An electron propagating through a solid carries spin angular momentum
    in addition to its mass and charge. Of late there has been considerable
    interest in developing electronic devices based on the transport of
    spin that offer potential advantages in dissipation, size and speed
    over charge-based devices(1). However, these advantages bring with them
    additional complexity. Because each electron carries a single, fixed
    value (-e) of charge, the electrical current carried by a gas of
    electrons is simply proportional to its total momentum. A fundamental
    consequence is that the charge current is not affected by interactions
    that conserve total momentum, notably collisions among the electrons
    themselves(2). In contrast, the electron's spin along a given spatial
    direction can take on two values, +/-(h) over bar /2 (conventionally up
    arrow, down arrow), so that the spin current and momentum need not be
    proportional. Although the transport of spin polarization is not
    protected by momentum conservation, it has been widely assumed that,
    like the charge current, spin current is unaffected by electron -
    electron ( e - e) interactions. Here we demonstrate experimentally not
    only that this assumption is invalid, but also that over a broad range
    of temperature and electron density, the flow of spin polarization in a
    two-dimensional gas of electrons is controlled by the rate of e - e
    collisions.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Lab Mol Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Spintron & Quantum Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
 RP Weber, CP, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM cpweber@lbl.gov
 NR 18
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1330
 EP 1333
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kuo, YH
    Lee, YK
    Ge, YS
    Ren, S
    Roth, JE
    Kamins, TI
    Miller, DAB
    Harris, JS
 TI Strong quantum-confined Stark effect in germanium quantum-well
    structures on silicon
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ELECTROABSORPTION MODULATORS; OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS; BAND PARAMETERS;
    TECHNOLOGY; SIGE; ALLOYS; SHIFT
 AB Silicon is the dominant semiconductor for electronics, but there is now
    a growing need to integrate such components with optoelectronics for
    telecommunications and computer interconnections(1). Silicon-based
    optical modulators have recently been successfully demonstrated(2,3);
    but because the light modulation mechanisms in silicon(4) are
    relatively weak, long ( for example, several millimetres) devices(2) or
    sophisticated high-quality-factor resonators(3) have been necessary.
    Thin quantum-well structures made from III-V semiconductors such as
    GaAs, InP and their alloys exhibit the much stronger quantum-confined
    Stark effect (QCSE) mechanism(5), which allows modulator structures
    with only micrometres of optical path length(6,7). Such III-V materials
    are unfortunately difficult to integrate with silicon electronic
    devices. Germanium is routinely integrated with silicon in
    electronics(8), but previous silicon - germanium structures have also
    not shown strong modulation effects(9-13). Here we report the discovery
    of the QCSE, at room temperature, in thin germanium quantum-well
    structures grown on silicon. The QCSE here has strengths comparable to
    that in III-V materials. Its clarity and strength are particularly
    surprising because germanium is an indirect gap semiconductor; such
    semiconductors often display much weaker optical effects than direct
    gap materials ( such as the III-V materials typically used for
    optoelectronics). This discovery is very promising for small,
    high-speed(14), low-power(15-17) optical output devices fully
    compatible with silicon electronics manufacture.
 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Hewlett Packard Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
 RP Kuo, YH, Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Solid State & Photon Lab,
    Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM yhkuo@stanford.edu
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1334
 EP 1336
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU van Delden, RA
    ter Wiel, MKJ
    Pollard, MM
    Vicario, J
    Koumura, N
    Feringa, BL
 TI Unidirectional molecular motor on a gold surface
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SINGLE STEREOGENIC CENTER; ROTARY MOTION; ROTATION; ROTOR; NANOPARTICLES
 AB Molecules capable of mimicking the function of a wide range of
    mechanical devices have been fabricated, with motors that can induce
    mechanical movement attracting particular attention(1,2). Such
    molecular motors convert light or chemical energy into directional
    rotary or linear motion(2-10), and are usually prepared and operated in
    solution. But if they are to be used as nanomachines that can do useful
    work, it seems essential to construct systems that can function on a
    surface, like a recently reported linear artificial muscle(11).
    Surface-mounted rotors have been realized and limited directionality in
    their motion predicted(12,13). Here we demonstrate that a light-driven
    molecular motor capable of repetitive unidirectional rotation(14) can
    be mounted on the surface of gold nanoparticles. The motor design(14)
    uses a chiral helical alkene with an upper half that serves as a
    propeller and is connected through a carbon - carbon double bond ( the
    rotation axis) to a lower half that serves as a stator. The stator
    carries two thiol-functionalized 'legs', which then bind the entire
    motor molecule to a gold surface. NMR spectroscopy reveals that two
    photo-induced cis-trans isomerizations of the central double bond, each
    followed by a thermal helix inversion to prevent reverse rotation,
    induce a full and unidirectional 3608 rotation of the propeller with
    respect to the surface-mounted lower half of the system.
 C1 Univ Groningen, Stratingh Inst, Dept Organ Chem, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
 RP Feringa, BL, Univ Groningen, Stratingh Inst, Dept Organ Chem,
    Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.
 EM B.L.Feringa@rug.nl
 NR 21
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1337
 EP 1340
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Steuber, T
    Rauch, M
    Masse, JP
    Graaf, J
    Malkoc, M
 TI Low-latitude seasonality of Cretaceous temperatures in warm and cold
    episodes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; LOW-MG CALCITE; MARINE WATERS; CARBONATE;
    EVOLUTION; BIVALVES; OCEAN
 AB The Cretaceous period is generally considered to have been a time of
    warm climate(1-6). Evidence for cooler episodes exists, particularly in
    the early Cretaceous period(6-8), but the timing and significance of
    these cool episodes are not well constrained. The seasonality of
    temperatures is important for constraining equator-to-pole temperature
    gradients and may indicate the presence of polar ice sheets; however,
    reconstructions of Cretaceous sea surface temperatures are
    predominantly based on the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic
    foraminifera(1-4) that do not provide information about such
    intra-annual variations. Here we present intra-shell variations in
    delta(18)O values of rudist bivalves (Hippuritoidea) from
    palaeolatitudes between 8 degrees and 31 degrees N, which record the
    evolution of the seasonality of Cretaceous sea surface temperatures in
    detail. We find high maximum temperatures (, 35 to 37 degrees C) and
    relatively low seasonal variability (< 12 degrees C) between 20 degrees
    and 30 degrees N during the warmer Cretaceous episodes. In contrast,
    during the cooler episodes our data show seasonal sea surface
    temperature variability of up to 18 degrees C near 25 degrees N,
    comparable to the range found today. Such a large seasonal variability
    is compatible with the existence of polar ice sheets.
 C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
    Univ Aix Marseille 1, Ctr Sedimentol Paleontol, F-13331 Marseille, France.
    Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth & Life Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 RP Steuber, T, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44801
    Bochum, Germany.
 EM thomas.steuber@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1341
 EP 1344
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wood, BJ
    Halliday, AN
 TI Cooling of the Earth and core formation after the giant impact
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HF-W CHRONOMETRY; OXIDATION-STATE; TERRESTRIAL ACCRETION; LOWER-MANTLE;
    ELEMENTS; ORIGIN; METAL; MOON; CONSTRAINTS; TIMESCALE
 AB Kelvin calculated the age of the Earth to be about 24 million years by
    assuming conductive cooling from being fully molten to its current
    state(1). Although simplistic(2), his result is interesting in the
    context of the dramatic cooling that took place after the putative
    Moon-forming giant impact, which contributed the final similar to 10
    per cent of the Earth's mass(3,4). The rate of accretion and core
    segregation on Earth as deduced from the U - Pb system(5) is much
    slower than that obtained from Hf - W systematics(6-8), and implies
    substantial accretion after the Moon-forming impact, which occurred 45
    +/- 5 Myr after the beginning of the Solar System. Here we propose an
    explanation for the two timescales(5,9). We suggest that the Hf - W
    timescale reflects the principal phase of core-formation before the
    giant impact. Crystallization of silicate perovskite in the lower
    mantle during this phase produced Fe3+, which was released during the
    giant impact(10), and this oxidation resulted in late segregation of
    sulphur-rich metal into which Pb dissolved readily, setting the younger
    U - Pb age of the Earth. Separation of the latter metal then occurred
    30 +/- 10 Myr after the Moon-forming impact. Over this time span, in
    surprising agreement with Kelvin's result, the Earth cooled by about
    4,000 K in returning from a fully molten to a partially crystalline
    state.
 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England.
    Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England.
 RP Wood, BJ, Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109,
    Australia.
 EM bwood@els.mq.edu.au
 NR 33
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1345
 EP 1348
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bernal, D
    Donley, JM
    Shadwick, RE
    Syme, DA
 TI Mammal-like muscles power swimming in a cold-water shark
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID METABOLIC BIOCHEMISTRY; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; BODY-TEMPERATURE;
    LAMNA-DITROPIS; TUNA; PERFORMANCE; FISH; DESIGN; FIBERS; TUNNEL
 AB Effects of temperature on muscle contraction and powering movement are
    profound, outwardly obvious, and of great consequence to survival(1,2).
    To cope with the effects of environmental temperature fluctuations,
    endothermic birds and mammals maintain a relatively warm and constant
    body temperature, whereas most fishes and other vertebrates are
    ectothermic and conform to their thermal niche, compromising
    performance at colder temperatures(2,3). However, within the fishes the
    tunas and lamnid sharks deviate from the ectothermic strategy,
    maintaining elevated core body temperatures(4,5) that presumably confer
    physiological advantages for their roles as fast and continuously
    swimming pelagic predators. Here we show that the salmon shark, a
    lamnid inhabiting cold, north Pacific waters, has become so specialized
    for endothermy that its red, aerobic, locomotor muscles, which power
    continuous swimming, seem mammal-like, functioning only within a
    markedly elevated temperature range ( 20 - 30 degrees C). These muscles
    are ineffectual if exposed to the cool water temperatures, and when
    warmed even 10 degrees C above ambient they still produce only 25 - 50%
    of the power produced at 26 degrees C. In contrast, the white muscles,
    powering burst swimming, do not show such a marked thermal dependence
    and work well across a wide range of temperatures.
 C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Miracosta Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Oceanside, CA 92056 USA.
    Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
 RP Shadwick, RE, Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd,
    Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
 EM dbernal@umassd.edu
    shadwick@zoology.ubc.ca
 NR 22
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1349
 EP 1352
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hoskin, CJ
    Higgie, M
    McDonald, KR
    Moritz, C
 TI Reinforcement drives rapid allopatric speciation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID WET TROPICS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HYBRID ZONES; AUSTRALIA;
    EVOLUTION
 AB Allopatric speciation results from geographic isolation between
    populations. In the absence of gene flow, reproductive isolation arises
    gradually and incidentally as a result of mutation, genetic drift and
    the indirect effects of natural selection driving local
    adaptation(1-3). In contrast, speciation by reinforcement is driven
    directly by natural selection against maladaptive hybridization(1,4).
    This gives individuals that choose the traits of their own lineage
    greater fitness, potentially leading to rapid speciation between the
    lineages(1,4). Reinforcing natural selection on a population of one of
    the lineages in a mosaic contact zone could also result in divergence
    of the population from the allopatric range of its own lineage outside
    the zone(4-6). Here we test this with molecular data, experimental
    crosses, field measurements and mate choice experiments in a mosaic
    contact zone between two lineages of a rainforest frog. We show that
    reinforcing natural selection has resulted in significant premating
    isolation of a population in the contact zone not only from the other
    lineage but also, incidentally, from the closely related main range of
    its own lineage. Thus we show the potential for reinforcement to drive
    rapid allopatric speciation.
 C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
    Queensland Parks & Wildlife Sci, Atherton, Qld 4883, Australia.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Hoskin, CJ, Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072,
    Australia.
 EM c.hoskin@sib.uq.edu.au
 NR 28
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1353
 EP 1356
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Silk, JB
    Brosnan, SF
    Vonk, J
    Henrich, J
    Povinelli, DJ
    Richardson, AS
    Lambeth, SP
    Mascaro, J
    Schapiro, SJ
 TI Chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of unrelated group members
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID WILD CHIMPANZEES; MONKEYS; AFFILIATION; INEQUITY; KINSHIP
 AB Humans are an unusually prosocial species - we vote, give blood,
    recycle, give tithes and punish violators of social norms. Experimental
    evidence indicates that people willingly incur costs to help strangers
    in anonymous one-shot interactions(1,2), and that altruistic behaviour
    is motivated, at least in part, by empathy and concern for the welfare
    of others ( hereafter referred to as other-regarding preferences)(1-3).
    In contrast, cooperative behaviour in non-human primates is mainly
    limited to kin and reciprocating partners, and is virtually never
    extended to unfamiliar individuals(4). Here we present experimental
    tests of the existence of other-regarding preferences in non-human
    primates, and show that chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) do not take
    advantage of opportunities to deliver benefits to familiar individuals
    at no material cost to themselves, suggesting that chimpanzee behaviour
    is not motivated by other-regarding preferences. Chimpanzees are among
    the primates most likely to demonstrate prosocial behaviours. They
    participate in a variety of collective activities, including
    territorial patrols, coalitionary aggression, cooperative hunting, food
    sharing and joint mate guarding(5-12). Consolation of victims of
    aggression(13) and anecdotal accounts of solicitous treatment of
    injured individuals suggest that chimpanzees may feel empathy(14,15).
    Chimpanzees sometimes reject exchanges in which they receive less
    valuable rewards than others, which may be one element of a 'sense of
    fairness', but there is no evidence that they are averse to
    interactions in which they benefit more than others(16-18).
 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Emory Univ, Dept Anthropol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
    Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Michale E Keeling Ctr Comparat Med & Res, Bastrop, TX 78602 USA.
    Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Cognit Evolut Grp, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA.
 RP Silk, JB, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095
    USA.
 EM jsilk@anthro.ucla.edu
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1357
 EP 1359
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fraser, JA
    Giles, SS
    Wenink, EC
    Geunes-Boyer, SG
    Wright, JR
    Diezmann, S
    Allen, A
    Stajich, JE
    Dietrich, FS
    Perfect, JR
    Heitman, J
 TI Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus
    gattii outbreak
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID NEOFORMANS VAR. GATTII; PATHOGENIC YEAST; RECOMBINATION; REPRODUCTION;
    TOXOPLASMA; AUSTRALIA; VIRULENCE; CANADA
 AB Genealogy can illuminate the evolutionary path of important human
    pathogens. In some microbes, strict clonal reproduction predominates,
    as with the worldwide dissemination of Mycobacterium leprae, the cause
    of leprosy(1). In other pathogens, sexual reproduction yields clones
    with novel attributes, for example, enabling the efficient, oral
    transmission of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii(2). However, the roles
    of clonal or sexual propagation in the origins of many other microbial
    pathogen outbreaks remain unknown, like the recent fungal
    meningoencephalitis outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada, caused by
    Cryptococcus gattii(3). Here we show that the C. gattii outbreak
    isolates comprise two distinct genotypes. The majority of isolates are
    hypervirulent and have an identical genotype that is unique to the
    Pacific Northwest. A minority of the isolates are significantly less
    virulent and share an identical genotype with fertile isolates from an
    Australian recombining population. Genotypic analysis reveals evidence
    of sexual reproduction, in which the majority genotype is the predicted
    offspring. However, instead of the classic a - alpha sexual cycle, the
    majority outbreak clone appears to have descended from two alpha
    mating-type parents. Analysis of nuclear content revealed a diploid
    environmental isolate homozygous for the major genotype, an
    intermediate produced during same-sex mating. These studies demonstrate
    how cryptic same-sex reproduction can enable expansion of a human
    pathogen to a new geographical niche and contribute to the ongoing
    production of infectious spores. This has implications for the
    emergence of other microbial pathogens and inbreeding in host range
    expansion in the fungal and other kingdoms.
 C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
    Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
    Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
    Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Genome Sci & Policy, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
    Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
    Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
 RP Heitman, J, Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC
    27710 USA.
 EM heitm001@duke.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1360
 EP 1364
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cheung, VG
    Spielman, RS
    Ewens, KG
    Weber, TM
    Morley, M
    Burdick, JT
 TI Mapping determinants of human gene expression by regional and
    genome-wide association
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID COMPLEX TRAITS; DISEASE; DISSECTION; FUTURE
 AB To study the genetic basis of natural variation in gene expression, we
    previously carried out genome-wide linkage analysis and mapped the
    determinants of similar to 1,000 expression phenotypes(1). In the
    present study, we carried out association analysis with dense sets of
    single-nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP) markers from the International
    HapMap Project(2). For 374 phenotypes, the association study was
    performed with markers only from regions with strong linkage evidence;
    these regions all mapped close to the expressed gene. For a subset of
    27 phenotypes, analysis of genome-wide association was performed with >
    770,000 markers. The association analysis with markers under the
    linkage peaks confirmed the linkage results and narrowed the candidate
    regulatory regions for many phenotypes with strong linkage evidence.
    The genome-wide association analysis yielded highly significant results
    that point to the same locations as the genome scans for about 50% of
    the phenotypes. For one candidate determinant, we carried out
    functional analyses and confirmed the variation in cis-acting
    regulatory activity. Our findings suggest that association studies with
    dense SNP maps will identify susceptibility loci or other determinants
    for some complex traits or diseases.
 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
    Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 RP Cheung, VG, Univ Penn, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 EM vcheung@mail.med.upenn.edu
    spielman@pobox.upenn.edu
 NR 22
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1365
 EP 1369
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100056
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lie, DC
    Colamarino, SA
    Song, HJ
    Desire, L
    Mira, H
    Consiglio, A
    Lein, ES
    Jessberger, S
    Lansford, H
    Dearie, AR
    Gage, FH
 TI Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID NEURAL STEM-CELLS; GENE-TRANSFER; IN-VITRO; BRAIN; DIFFERENTIATION;
    PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; MAINTENANCE; LINKS
 AB The generation of new neurons from neural stem cells is restricted to
    two regions of the adult mammalian central nervous system: the
    subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone
    of the hippocampal dentate gyrus(1). In both regions, signals provided
    by the microenvironment regulate the maintenance, proliferation and
    neuronal fate commitment of the local stem cell population(1). The
    identity of these signals is largely unknown. Here we show that adult
    hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPs) express receptors and
    signalling components for Wnt proteins, which are key regulators of
    neural stem cell behaviour in embryonic development(2). We also show
    that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is active and that Wnt3 is expressed
    in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Overexpression of Wnt3 is
    sufficient to increase neurogenesis from AHPs in vitro and in vivo. By
    contrast, blockade of Wnt signalling reduces neurogenesis from AHPs in
    vitro and abolishes neurogenesis almost completely in vivo. Our data
    show that Wnt signalling is a principal regulator of adult hippocampal
    neurogenesis and provide evidence that Wnt proteins have a role in
    adult hippocampal function.
 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
    GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Inst Dev Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
    Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Inst Cell Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
 RP Gage, FH, Salk Inst Biol Studies, Genet Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd,
    La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 EM chichung.lie@gsf.de
    gage@salk.edu
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1370
 EP 1375
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100057
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dollar, GL
    Weber, U
    Mlodzik, M
    Sokol, SY
 TI Regulation of Lethal giant larvae by Dishevelled
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ASYMMETRIC CELL-DIVISION; POLARITY; DROSOPHILA; APKC; COMPLEX;
    GASTRULATION; LOCALIZATION; POLARIZATION; NEUROBLAST; HOMOLOG
 AB The establishment of polarity in many cell types depends on Lgl, the
    tumour suppressor product of lethal giant larvae, which is involved in
    basolateral protein targeting(1-4). The conserved complex of Par3, Par6
    and atypical protein kinase C5-8 phosphorylates and inactivates Lgl at
    the apical surface; however, the signalling mechanisms that coordinate
    cell polarization in development are not well defined. Here we show
    that a vertebrate homologue of Lgl associates with Dishevelled, an
    essential mediator of Wnt signalling, and that Dishevelled regulates
    the localization of Lgl in Xenopus ectoderm and Drosophila follicular
    epithelium. We show that both Lgl and Dsh are required for normal
    apical - basal polarity of Xenopus ectodermal cells. In addition, we
    show that the Wnt receptor Frizzled 8, but not Frizzled 7, causes Lgl
    to dissociate from the cortex with the concomitant loss of its activity
    in vivo. These findings suggest a molecular basis for the regulation of
    cell polarity by Frizzled and Dishevelled.
 C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, New York, NY 10029 USA.
 RP Sokol, SY, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Box 1020,1
    Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA.
 EM sergei.sokol@mssm.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1376
 EP 1380
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100058
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hirano, Y
    Hendil, KB
    Yashiroda, H
    Iemura, S
    Nagane, R
    Hioki, Y
    Natsume, T
    Tanaka, K
    Murata, S
 TI A heterodimeric complex that promotes the assembly of mammalian 20S
    proteasomes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID BETA-SUBUNITS; MATURATION; RESOLUTION; PROTEIN
 AB The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease responsible for regulated
    proteolysis in eukaryotic cells(1,2). It comprises one catalytic 20S
    proteasome and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes(3). The
    20S proteasome is composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical
    particle as four heteroheptameric rings,
    alpha(1-7)beta(1-7)beta(1-7)alpha(1-7) ( refs 4, 5), but the mechanism
    responsible for the assembly of such a complex structure remains
    elusive. Here we report two chaperones, designated proteasome
    assembling chaperone-1 (PAC1) and PAC2, that are involved in the
    maturation of mammalian 20S proteasomes. PAC1 and PAC2 associate as
    heterodimers with proteasome precursors and are degraded after
    formation of the 20S proteasome is completed. Overexpression of PAC1 or
    PAC2 accelerates the formation of precursor proteasomes, whereas
    knockdown by short interfering RNA impairs it, resulting in poor
    maturation of 20S proteasomes. Furthermore, the PAC complex provides a
    scaffold for alpha-ring formation and keeps the alpha-rings competent
    for the subsequent formation of half-proteasomes. Thus, our results
    identify a mechanism for the correct assembly of 20S proteasomes.
 C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Med Sci, Lab Frontier Sci, Core Technol & Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138613, Japan.
    Univ Copenhagen, Inst Mol Biol & Physiol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Natl Inst Adv Ind SCi & Technol, Biol Informat Res Ctr, Kohtoh Ku, Tokyo 1350064, Japan.
    Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
 RP Murata, S, Tokyo Metropolitan Inst Med Sci, Lab Frontier Sci, Core
    Technol & Res Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138613, Japan.
 EM tanakak@rinshoken.or.jp
    smurata@rinshoken.or.jp
 NR 23
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1381
 EP 1385
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100059
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Loppin, B
    Bonnefoy, E
    Anselme, C
    Laurencon, A
    Karr, TL
    Couble, P
 TI The histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA is essential for chromatin assembly in
    the male pronucleus
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DNA-SYNTHESIS; MOUSE ZYGOTE; VARIANT H3.3;
    GENE; FERTILIZATION; METHYLATION; EXPRESSION; SESAME; INHERITANCE
 AB In sexually reproducing animals, a crucial step in zygote formation is
    the decondensation of the fertilizing spermnucleus into a DNA
    replication-competent male pronucleus. Genome-wide nucleosome assembly
    on paternal DNA implies the replacement of sperm chromosomal proteins,
    such as protamines, by maternally provided histones(1,2). This
    fundamental process is specifically impaired in sesame (ssm), a unique
    Drosophila maternal effect mutant that prevents male pronucleus
    formation(3). Here we show that ssm is a point mutation in the Hira
    gene, thus demonstrating that the histone chaperone protein HIRA is
    required for nucleosome assembly during sperm nucleus decondensation.
    In vertebrates, HIRA has recently been shown to be critical for a
    nucleosome assembly pathway independent of DNA synthesis that
    specifically involves the H3.3 histone variant(4,5). We also show that
    nucleosomes containing H3.3, and not H3, are specifically assembled in
    paternal Drosophila chromatin before the first round of DNA
    replication. The exclusive marking of paternal chromosomes with H3.3
    represents a primary epigenetic distinction between parental genomes in
    the zygote, and underlines an important consequence of the critical and
    highly specialized function of HIRA at fertilization.
 C1 Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5534, Ctr Genet Mol & Cellulaire, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
    Inst Natl Sci Appl, INRA, UMR, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
    Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
 RP Loppin, B, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5534, Ctr Genet Mol & Cellulaire,
    F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
 EM loppin@cgmc.univ-lyon1.fr
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1386
 EP 1390
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100060
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nogueira, S
 TI Stranger in the night
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 27
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7063
 BP 1396
 EP 1396
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 977UQ
 UT ISI:000232829100061
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Every little helps
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1065
 EP 1065
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI An unhealthy practice
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1065
 EP 1066
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Grand ambition
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1066
 EP 1066
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Taylor, R
    Giles, J
 TI Cash interests taint drug advice
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1070
 EP 1071
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Reichhardt, T
 TI Express delivery to Venus
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1071
 EP 1071
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Butler, D
 TI Quake aid hampered by ban on web shots
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1072
 EP 1073
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500006
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Biologists forced to reassess embryo test
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1075
 EP 1075
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Peplow, M
    Reichhardt, T
 TI China launches plans for space exploration as taikonauts touch down
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1075
 EP 1075
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
    Check, E
 TI 'Ethical' routes to stem cells highlight political divide
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1076
 EP 1077
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
 TI Korea launches network to share cloning information
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1077
 EP 1077
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cyranoski, D
 TI Japan jumps towards personalized medicine (vol 437, pg 796, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1079
 EP 1079
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Responding to uncertainty (vol 437, pg 1, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1079
 EP 1079
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hogan, J
 TI Astrobiology: Life at the cutting edge
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1080
 EP 1082
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI First drill on Mars
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1082
 EP 1082
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Human genome: Patchwork people
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1084
 EP 1086
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cyranoski, D
 TI Venture capitalists tackle Chinese hurdles
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1087
 EP 1087
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mousseau, TA
    Nelson, N
    Shestopalov, V
 TI Don't underestimate the death rate from Chernobyl
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
    Ukrainian Natl Acad Sci, Radioecol Ctr, UA-01054 Kiev, Ukraine.
 RP Mousseau, TA, Univ S Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1089
 EP 1089
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cowie, J
 TI Media reports: call for a working party is unrealistic
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1089
 EP 1089
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Moss, S
 TI Main effect of bureaucracy is to reduce productivity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Coll London, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, Ashton Chair Biomed Res, London EC1V 9EL, England.
 RP Moss, S, Univ Coll London, Inst Ophthalmol, Div Cell Biol, Ashton Chair
    Biomed Res, 11-43 Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1089
 EP 1089
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zupp, J
 TI Concern at animal research should not be dismissed
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 RP Zupp, J, CCBC-F520,7201 Rossville Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21237 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1089
 EP 1089
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gowers, T
 TI Euclid in the rainforest: Discovering universal truth in logic and math
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, Cambridge CB3 0WB, England.
 RP Gowers, T, Univ Cambridge, Ctr Math Sci, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3
    0WB, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1092
 EP 1092
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nicotera, P
 TI The poison paradox: Chemicals as friends and foes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Leicester, Toxicol Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England.
 RP Nicotera, P, Univ Leicester, Toxicol Unit, Hodgkin Bldg,Lancaster Rd,
    Leicester LE1 9HN, Leics, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1093
 EP 1093
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wilczek, F
 TI An explorer and surveyor - Hermann Weyl
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Biographical-Item
 C1 MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
 RP Wilczek, F, MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1095
 EP 1095
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Sinden, RR
 TI Molecular biology - DNA twists and flips
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PROMOTER; BINDING
 C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol, Ctr Genome Res, Lab DNA Struct & Mutagenesis, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
 RP Sinden, RR, Texas A&M Univ Syst Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Biosci & Technol,
    Ctr Genome Res, Lab DNA Struct & Mutagenesis, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd,
    Houston, TX 77030 USA.
 EM rsinden@ibt.tamhsc.edu
 NR 15
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1097
 EP 1098
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Haruta, M
 TI Catalysis - Gold rush
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID OXIDATION; CARBON
 C1 Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Mat Chem Course, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
 RP Haruta, M, Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Mat Chem
    Course, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Tokyo 1920397, Japan.
 EM haruta-masatake@center.tmu.ac.jp
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1098
 EP 1099
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Budd, GE
    Telford, MJ
 TI Evolution - Along came a sea spider
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID ARTHROPODS; MORPHOLOGY; EXPRESSION; PANTOPODA; BODY
 C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Earth Sci, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Univ Coll London, Dept Biol, London WC1E 6BT, England.
 RP Budd, GE, Univ Uppsala, Dept Earth Sci, Norbyvagen 22, SE-75236
    Uppsala, Sweden.
 EM graham.budd@pal.uu.se
    m.telford@ucl.ac.uk
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1099
 EP +
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU DeKieviet, M
    Schmiedmayer, J
 TI Quantum physics - Atom waves in passing
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
 RP DeKieviet, M, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, Philosophenweg 12, D-69120
    Heidelberg, Germany.
 EM Schmiedmayer@physi.uni-heidelberg.de
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1102
 EP 1102
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kastan, MB
 TI Cell biology - A BID for the pathway
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; MITOCHONDRIA; ATM
 C1 St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
 RP Kastan, MB, St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, Room D-5048,332
    N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
 EM Michael.Kastan@stjude.org
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1103
 EP 1103
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Melia, F
 TI Astronomy - Odd company
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER; M31; NUCLEUS
 C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
 RP Melia, F, Univ Arizona, Dept Phys & Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
 EM melia@physics.arizona.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1105
 EP 1105
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kondrashov, AS
 TI Evolutionary biology - Fruitfly genome is not junk
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; INTERGENIC REGIONS;
    MOUSE; PSEUDOGENES; SEQUENCES
 C1 NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA.
 RP Kondrashov, AS, NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894
    USA.
 EM kondrashov@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 NR 16
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1106
 EP 1106
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Russell, JC
    Towns, DR
    Anderson, SH
    Clout, MN
 TI Intercepting the first rat ashore
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID NEW-ZEALAND; ISLANDS; NORVEGICUS; INVASION; BIOLOGY
 C1 Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
    Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
    Dept Conservat, Auckland, New Zealand.
 RP Russell, JC, Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Private Bag 92019, Auckland
    1, New Zealand.
 EM j.russell@auckland.ac.nz
 NR 10
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1107
 EP 1107
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Le, QM
    Kiso, M
    Someya, K
    Sakai, YT
    Nguyen, TH
    Nguyen, KHL
    Pham, ND
    Ngyen, HH
    Yamada, S
    Muramoto, Y
    Horimoto, T
    Takada, A
    Goto, H
    Suzuki, T
    Suzuki, Y
    Kawaoka, Y
 TI Avian flu - Isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS; INFLUENZA; OSELTAMIVIR
 C1 Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Virol, Tokyo 1088639, Japan.
    Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Int Res Ctr Infect Dis, Tokyo 1088639, Japan.
    Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
    Daiichi Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Tokyo 1348630, Japan.
    Natl Inst Clin Res Trop Med, Hanoi, Vietnam.
    Univ Shizuoka, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biochem, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
    COE Program 21st Century, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
    Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
 RP Le, QM, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam.
 EM kawaoka@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
 NR 11
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1108
 EP 1108
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Koo, SH
    Flechner, L
    Qi, L
    Zhang, XM
    Screaton, RA
    Jeffries, S
    Hedrick, S
    Xu, W
    Boussouar, F
    Brindle, P
    Takemori, H
    Montminy, M
 TI The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose
    metabolism
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS; BINDING PROTEIN;
    LIPID-METABOLISM; GENE-EXPRESSION; INSULIN; CAMP; TRANSCRIPTION; PGC-1;
    LIVER
 AB Glucose homeostasis is regulated systemically by hormones such as
    insulin and glucagon, and at the cellular level by energy status.
    Glucagon enhances glucose output from the liver during fasting by
    stimulating the transcription of gluconeogenic genes via the cyclic
    AMP-inducible factor CREB (CRE binding protein). When cellular ATP
    levels are low, however, the energy-sensing kinase AMPK inhibits
    hepatic gluconeogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that
    hormonal and energy-sensing pathways converge on the coactivator TORC2
    (transducer of regulated CREB activity 2) to modulate glucose output.
    Sequestered in the cytoplasm under feeding conditions, TORC2 is
    dephosphorylated and transported to the nucleus where it enhances
    CREB-dependent transcription in response to fasting stimuli.
    Conversely, signals that activate AMPK attenuate the gluconeogenic
    programme by promoting TORC2 phosphorylation and blocking its nuclear
    accumulation. Individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit fasting
    hyperglycaemia due to elevated gluconeogenesis; compounds that enhance
    TORC2 phosphorylation may offer therapeutic benefits in this setting.
 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, Peptide Biol Labs, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
    St Jude Childrens Hosp, Dept Biochem, Memphis, TN 38105 USA.
    Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med H1, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
 RP Montminy, M, Salk Inst Biol Studies, Peptide Biol Labs, 10010 N Torrey
    Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 EM montminy@salk.edu
 NR 32
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1109
 EP 1114
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Martin, A
    Baker, TA
    Sauer, RT
 TI Rebuilt AAA plus motors reveal operating principles for ATP-fuelled
    machines
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CLPXP DEGRADATION MACHINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEPENDENT PROTEASES;
    CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SEQUENTIAL HYDROLYSIS; PROTEIN; HELICASE;
    RECOGNITION; MECHANISM; CHAPERONE
 AB Hexamericring- shaped ATPases of the AAA+ (for ATPases associated with
    various cellular activities) superfamily power cellular processes in
    which macromolecular structures and complexes are dismantled or
    denatured, but the mechanisms used by these machine-like enzymes are
    poorly understood. By covalently linking active and inactive subunits
    of the ATPase ClpX to form hexamers, here we show that diverse
    geometric arrangements can support the enzymatic unfolding of protein
    substrates and translocation of the denatured polypeptide into the ClpP
    peptidase for degradation. These studies indicate that the ClpX power
    stroke is generated by ATP hydrolysis in a single subunit, rule out
    concerted and strict sequential ATP hydrolysis models, and provide
    evidence for a probabilistic sequence of nucleotide hydrolysis. This
    mechanism would allow any ClpX subunit in contact with a translocating
    polypeptide to hydrolyse ATP to drive substrate spooling into ClpP, and
    would prevent stalling if one subunit failed to bind or hydrolyse ATP.
    Energy-dependent machines with highly diverse quaternary architectures
    and molecular functions could operate by similar asymmetric mechanisms.
 C1 MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Sauer, RT, MIT, Dept Biol, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
    USA.
 EM bobsauer@mit.edu
 NR 37
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1115
 EP 1120
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Toppani, A
    Robert, F
    Libourel, G
    de Donato, P
    Barres, O
    d'Hendecourt, L
    Ghanbaja, J
 TI A 'dry' condensation origin for circumstellar carbonates
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MINERAL FORMATION; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; STELLAR WINDS; SOLAR NEBULA; DUST;
    NGC-6302; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOVERY; PROTOSTAR; EMISSION
 AB The signature of carbonate minerals has long been suspected in the
    mid-infrared spectra of various astrophysical environments such as
    protostars(1). Abiogenic carbonates are considered as indicators of
    aqueous mineral alteration(2) in the presence of CO2-rich liquid water.
    The recent claimed detection of calcite associated with amorphous
    silicates in two planetary nebulae(3) and protostars(4,5) devoid of
    planetary bodies questions the relevance of this indicator; but in the
    absence of an alternative mode of formation under circumstellar
    conditions, this detection remains controversial(6-8). The main dust
    component observed in circumstellar envelopes is amorphous
    silicates(9), which are thought to have formed by non-equilibrium
    condensation(10). Here we report experiments demonstrating that
    carbonates can be formed with amorphous silicates during the
    non-equilibrium condensation of a silicate gas in a H2O-CO2-rich
    vapour. We propose that the observed astrophysical carbonates have
    condensed in H2O(g)-CO2(g)-rich, high-temperature and high-density
    regions such as evolved stellar winds, or those induced by grain
    sputtering upon shocks in protostellar outflows.
 C1 Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, CNRS, UPR 2300, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
    INPL, Ecole Natl Super Geol, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
    Lab Environm & Mineral, CNRS, UMR 7569, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
    Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Etud Mat Extraterr, CNRS, UMS 2679, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, CNRS, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France.
    Univ Nancy 1, Fac Sci, Serv Commun Microscopie Elect Transmiss, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
 RP Toppani, A, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys,
    7000 East Ave,L-413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
 EM toppani2@llnl.gov
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1121
 EP 1124
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bierhaus, EB
    Chapman, CR
    Merline, WJ
 TI Secondary craters on Europa and implications for cratered surfaces
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID EJECTION VELOCITY; ECLIPTIC COMETS; IMPACT CRATERS; SOLAR-SYSTEM;
    RATES; MARS; ICE; FRAGMENTS; SIZE
 AB For several decades, most planetary researchers have regarded the
    impact crater populations on solid-surfaced planets and smaller bodies
    as predominantly reflecting the direct ('primary') impacts of asteroids
    and comets(1). Estimates of the relative and absolute ages of
    geological units on these objects have been based on this
    assumption(2). Here we present an analysis of the comparatively sparse
    crater population on Jupiter's icy moon Europa and suggest that this
    assumption is incorrect for small craters. We find that 'secondaries'
    (craters formed by material ejected from large primary impact craters)
    comprise about 95 per cent of the small craters (diameters less than 1
    km) on Europa. We therefore conclude that large primary impacts into a
    solid surface (for example, ice or rock) produce far more secondaries
    than previously believed, implying that the small crater populations on
    the Moon, Mars and other large bodies must be dominated by secondaries.
    Moreover, our results indicate that there have been few small comets
    (less than 100 m diameter) passing through the jovian system in recent
    times, consistent with dynamical simulations(3)
 C1 Lockheed Martin, Space Explorat Syst, Denver, CO 80201 USA.
    SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA.
 RP Bierhaus, EB, Lockheed Martin, Space Explorat Syst, MS S8110,POB 179,
    Denver, CO 80201 USA.
 EM edward.b.bierhaus@lmco.com
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1125
 EP 1127
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Shinada, T
    Okamoto, S
    Kobayashi, T
    Ohdomari, I
 TI Enhancing semiconductor device performance using ordered dopant arrays
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SINGLE-ION IMPLANTATION; IMPURITY ATOMS; FLUCTUATION; MOSFETS; NUMBER
 AB As the size of semiconductor devices continues to shrink, the normally
    random distribution of the individual dopant atoms within the
    semiconductor becomes a critical factor in determining device
    performance-homogeneity can no longer be assumed(1-5). Here we report
    the fabrication of semiconductor devices in which both the number and
    position of the dopant atoms are precisely controlled. To achieve this,
    we make use of a recently developed single-ion implantation
    technique(6-9), which enables us to implant dopant ions one-by-one into
    a fine semiconductor region until the desired number is reached.
    Electrical measurements of the resulting transistors reveal that
    device-to-device fluctuations in the threshold voltage (V-th; the
    turn-on voltage of the device) are less for those structures with
    ordered dopant arrays than for those with conventional random doping.
    We also find that the devices with ordered dopant arrays exhibit a
    shift in V-th, relative to the undoped semiconductor, that is twice
    that for a random dopant distribution (-0.4 V versus -0.2 V); we
    attribute this to the uniformity of electrostatic potential in the
    conducting channel region due to the ordered distribution of dopant
    atoms. Our results therefore serve to highlight the improvements in
    device performance that can be achieved through atomic-scale control of
    the doping process. Furthermore, ordered dopant arrays of this type may
    enhance the prospects for realizing silicon-based solid-state quantum
    computers(10).
 C1 Waseda Univ, Consolidated Res Inst Adv Sci & Med Care, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620041, Japan.
    Waseda Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1620041, Japan.
 RP Shinada, T, Waseda Univ, Consolidated Res Inst Adv Sci & Med Care,
    Shinjuku Ku, 513 Wasedatsurumaki Cho, Tokyo 1620041, Japan.
 EM shina@waseda.jp
 NR 11
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1128
 EP 1131
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hughes, MD
    Xu, YJ
    Jenkins, P
    McMorn, P
    Landon, P
    Enache, DI
    Carley, AF
    Attard, GA
    Hutchings, GJ
    King, F
    Stitt, EH
    Johnston, P
    Griffin, K
    Kiely, CJ
 TI Tunable gold catalysts for selective hydrocarbon oxidation under mild
    conditions
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; AU CATALYSTS; EPOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES;
    CONVERSION; ACID; GLYCEROL; PROPENE; AIR; PD
 AB Oxidation is an important method for the synthesis of chemical
    intermediates in the manufacture of high-tonnage commodities,
    high-value fine chemicals, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals: but
    oxidations are often inefficient(1). The introduction of catalytic
    systems using oxygen from air is preferred for 'green' processing(2).
    Gold catalysis is now showing potential in selective redox
    processes(3-6), particularly for alcohol oxidation(7-10) and the direct
    synthesis of hydrogen peroxide(11,12). However, a major challenge that
    persists is the synthesis of an epoxide by the direct electrophilic
    addition of oxygen to an alkene(13). Although ethene is epoxidized
    efficiently using molecular oxygen with silver catalysts in a
    large-scale industrial process(14), this is unique because higher
    alkenes can only be effectively epoxidized using hydrogen
    peroxide(15-17), hydroperoxides(16) or stoichiometric oxygen donors.
    Here we show that nanocrystalline gold catalysts can provide tunable
    active catalysts for the oxidation of alkenes using air, with
    exceptionally high selectivity to partial oxidation products (similar
    to 98%) and significant conversions. Our finding significantly extends
    the discovery by Haruta(18,19) that nanocrystalline gold can epoxidize
    alkenes when hydrogen is used to activate the molecular oxygen; in our
    case, no sacrificial reductant is needed. We anticipate that our
    finding will initiate attempts to understand more fully the mechanism
    of oxygen activation at gold surfaces, which might lead to commercial
    exploitation of the high redox activity of gold nanocrystals.
 C1 Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales.
    Johnson Matthey Catalysts, Middlesbrough TS23 1LB, England.
    Johnson Matthey Catalysts, Royston SG8 5HE, Herts, England.
    Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA.
 RP Hutchings, GJ, Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10
    3AT, Wales.
 EM hutch@cardiff.ac.uk
 NR 24
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1132
 EP 1135
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU McNamara, AK
    Zhong, SJ
 TI Thermochemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MANTLE CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DEEP MANTLE; MODELS; SHEAR;
    HETEROGENEITY; INVERSION; VELOCITY; SUPERPLUME; VISCOSITY
 AB Large low-velocity seismic anomalies have been detected in the Earth's
    lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean that are not easily
    explained by temperature variations alone(1-11). The African anomaly
    has been interpreted to be a northwest southeast-trending
    structure(3-5,7) with a sharp-edged linear, ridgelike morphology(9,10).
    The Pacific anomaly, on the other hand, appears to be more rounded in
    shape(1-4,6,7,11). Mantle models with heterogeneous composition have
    related these structures to dense thermochemical piles or
    superplumes(12-19). It has not been shown, however, that such models
    can lead to thermochemical structures that satisfy the geometrical
    constraints, as inferred from seismological observations. Here we
    present numerical models of thermochemical convection in a
    three-dimensional spherical geometry using plate velocities inferred
    for the past 119 million years(20). We show that Earth's subduction
    history can lead to thermochemical structures similar in shape to the
    observed large, lower-mantle velocity anomalies. We find that
    subduction history tends to focus dense material into a ridge-like pile
    beneath Africa and a relatively more-rounded pile under the Pacific
    Ocean, consistent with seismic observations.
 C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
 RP McNamara, AK, Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
 EM allen.mcnamara@asu.edu
 NR 25
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1136
 EP 1139
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Parman, SW
    Kurz, MD
    Hart, SR
    Grove, TL
 TI Helium solubility in olivine and implications for high He-3/He-4 in
    ocean island basalts
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID NOBLE-GASES; MANTLE HETEROGENEITY; EARTHS MANTLE; SYSTEMATICS;
    EVOLUTION; RIDGE; MELTS; NEON; FRACTIONATION; CONSTRAINTS
 AB High He-3/(4) He ratios found in ocean island basalts are the main
    evidence for the existence of an undegassed mantle reservoir(1-3).
    However, models of helium isotope evolution depend critically on the
    chemical behaviour of helium during mantle melting. It is generally
    assumed that helium is strongly enriched in mantle melts relative to
    uranium and thorium, yet estimates of helium partitioning in mantle
    minerals have produced conflicting results(4-6). Here we present
    experimental measurements of helium solubility in olivine at
    atmospheric pressure. Natural and synthetic olivines were equilibrated
    with a 50% helium atmosphere and analysed by crushing in vacuo followed
    by melting, and yield a minimum olivine-melt partition coefficient of
    0.0025 +/- 0.0005 (s.d.) and a maximum of 0.0060 +/- 0.0007 (s.d.). The
    results indicate that helium might be more compatible than uranium and
    thorium during mantle melting and that high He-3/(4) He ratios can be
    preserved in depleted residues of melting. A depleted source for high
    He-3/(4) He ocean island basalts would resolve the apparent
    discrepancy(7) in the relative helium concentrations of ocean island
    and mid-ocean-ridge basalts.
 C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
 RP Parman, SW, Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE,
    England.
 EM stephen.parman@durham.ac.uk
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1140
 EP 1143
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Maxmen, A
    Browne, WE
    Martindale, MQ
    Giribet, G
 TI Neuroanatomy of sea spiders implies an appendicular origin of the
    protocerebral segment
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HEAD SEGMENTATION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INSECT BRAIN; OPTIC LOBES;
    EXPRESSION; ARTHROPODA; MORPHOLOGY; PYCNOGONIDA; CRUSTACEANS; PHYLOGENY
 AB Independent specialization of arthropod body segments has led to more
    than a century of debate on the homology of morphologically diverse
    segments(1,2), each defined by a lateral appendage and a ganglion of
    the central nervous system. The plesiomorphic composition of the
    arthropod head remains enigmatic because variation in segments and
    corresponding appendages is extreme. Within extant arthropod classes
    (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda-including the insects),
    correspondences between the appendage-bearing second (deutocerebral)
    and third (tritocerebral) cephalic neuromeres have been recently
    resolved on the basis of immunohistochemistry(1) and Hox gene
    expression patterns(3,4). However, no appendage targets the first
    ganglion, the protocerebrum, and the corresponding segmental identity
    of this anterior region remains unclear(5). Reconstructions of
    stem-group arthropods indicate that the anteriormost region originally
    might have borne an ocular apparatus and a frontal appendage innervated
    by the protocerebrum(6). However, no study of the central nervous
    system in extant arthropods has been able to corroborate this idea
    directly, although recent analyses of cephalic gene expression patterns
    in insects suggest a segmental status for the protocerebral
    region(7-10). Here we investigate the developmental neuroanatomy of a
    putative basal arthropod(11), the pycnogonid sea spider, with
    immunohistochemical techniques. We show that the first pair of
    appendages, the chelifores, are innervated at an anterior position on
    the protocerebrum. This is the first true appendage shown to be
    innervated by the protocerebrum, and thus pycnogonid chelifores are not
    positionally homologous to appendages of extant arthropods but might,
    in fact, be homologous to the 'great appendages' of certain Cambrian
    stem-group arthropods.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA.
 RP Maxmen, A, Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, 26 Oxford
    St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
 EM amaxmen@oeb.harvard.edu
 NR 32
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1144
 EP 1148
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Andolfatto, P
 TI Adaptive evolution of non-coding DNA in Drosophila
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID BACKGROUND SELECTION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; PATTERNS;
    MELANOGASTER; SEQUENCE; GENE; CONSTRAINTS; GENOMES
 AB A large fraction of eukaryotic genomes consists of DNA that is not
    translated into protein sequence, and little is known about its
    functional significance. Here I show that several classes of non-coding
    DNA in Drosophila are evolving considerably slower than synonymous
    sites, and yet show an excess of between-species divergence relative to
    polymorphism when compared with synonymous sites. The former is a
    hallmark of selective constraint, but the latter is a signature of
    adaptive evolution, resembling general patterns of protein evolution in
    Drosophila(1,2). I estimate that about 40-70% of nucleotides in
    intergenic regions, untranslated portions of mature mRNAs ( UTRs) and
    most intronic DNA are evolutionarily constrained relative to synonymous
    sites. However, I also use an extension to the McDonald-Kreitman
    test(3) to show that a substantial fraction of the nucleotide
    divergence in these regions was driven to fixation by positive
    selection (about 20% for most intronic and intergenic DNA, and 60% for
    UTRs). On the basis of these observations, I suggest that a large
    fraction of the non-translated genome is functionally important and
    subject to both purifying selection and adaptive evolution. These
    results imply that, although positive selection is clearly an important
    facet of protein evolution, adaptive changes to non-coding DNA might
    have been considerably more common in the evolution of D. melanogaster.
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav & Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Andolfatto, P, Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci, Sect Ecol Behav &
    Evolut, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 EM pandolfatto@ucsd.edu
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1149
 EP 1152
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bustamante, CD
    Fledel-Alon, A
    Williamson, S
    Nielsen, R
    Hubisz, MT
    Glanowski, S
    Tanenbaum, DM
    White, TJ
    Sninsky, JJ
    Hernandez, RD
    Civello, D
    Adams, MD
    Cargill, M
    Clark, AG
 TI Natural selection on protein-coding genes in the human genome
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION-GENETICS; MOLECULAR
    EVOLUTION; DROSOPHILA; PATTERNS; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVERGENCE; LOCUS
 AB Comparisons of DNA polymorphism within species to divergence between
    species enables the discovery of molecular adaptation in evolutionarily
    constrained genes as well as the differentiation of weak from strong
    purifying selection(1-4). The extent to which weak negative and
    positive darwinian selection have driven the molecular evolution of
    different species varies greatly(5-16), with some species, such as
    Drosophila melanogaster, showing strong evidence of pervasive positive
    selection(6-9), and others, such as the selfing weed Arabidopsis
    thaliana, showing an excess of deleterious variation within local
    populations(9,10). Here we contrast patterns of coding sequence
    polymorphism identified by direct sequencing of 39 humans for over
    11,000 genes to divergence between humans and chimpanzees, and find
    strong evidence that natural selection has shaped the recent molecular
    evolution of our species. Our analysis discovered 304 (9.0%) out of
    3,377 potentially informative loci showing evidence of rapid amino acid
    evolution. Furthermore, 813 (13.5%) out of 6,033 potentially
    informative loci show a paucity of amino acid differences between
    humans and chimpanzees, indicating weak negative selection and/or
    balancing selection operating on mutations at these loci. We find that
    the distribution of negatively and positively selected genes varies
    greatly among biological processes and molecular functions, and that
    some classes, such as transcription factors, show an excess of rapidly
    evolving genes, whereas others, such as cytoskeletal proteins, show an
    excess of genes with extensive amino acid polymorphism within humans
    and yet little amino acid divergence between humans and chimpanzees.
 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Univ Copenhagen, Ctr Bioinformat, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Appl Biosyst Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
    Celera Diagnost, Alameda, CA 94502 USA.
    Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Genet, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.
    Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
 RP Bustamante, CD, Cornell Univ, Dept Biol Stat & Computat Biol, 101
    Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
 EM cdb28@cornell.edu
 NR 24
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1153
 EP 1157
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Barnes, TD
    Kubota, Y
    Hu, D
    Jin, DZZ
    Graybiel, AM
 TI Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of
    procedural memories
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID BASAL GANGLIA; PREDICTION; EXTINCTION; SELECTION; HABITS; CORTEX
 AB Learning to perform a behavioural procedure as a well-ingrained habit
    requires extensive repetition of the behavioural sequence, and learning
    not to perform such behaviours is notoriously difficult. Yet regaining
    a habit can occur quickly, with even one or a few exposures to cues
    previously triggering the behaviour(1-3). To identify neural mechanisms
    that might underlie such learning dynamics, we made long-term
    recordings from multiple neurons in the sensorimotor striatum, a basal
    ganglia structure implicated in habit formation(4-8), in rats
    successively trained on a reward-based procedural task, given
    extinction training and then given reacquisition training. The spike
    activity of striatal output neurons, nodal points in cortico-basal
    ganglia circuits, changed markedly across multiple dimensions during
    each of these phases of learning. First, new patterns of task-related
    ensemble firing successively formed, reversed and then re-emerged.
    Second, task-irrelevant firing was suppressed, then rebounded, and then
    was suppressed again. These changing spike activity patterns were
    highly correlated with changes in behavioural performance. We propose
    that these changes in task representation in cortico-basal ganglia
    circuits represent neural equivalents of the explore-exploit behaviour
    characteristic of habit learning.
 C1 MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    MIT, McGovern Inst Brain Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, Davey Lab 0104, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
 RP Graybiel, AM, MIT, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, 43 Vassar St,46-6133,
    Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM graybiel@mit.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1158
 EP 1161
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ghedin, E
    Sengamalay, NA
    Shumway, M
    Zaborsky, J
    Feldblyum, T
    Subbu, V
    Spiro, DJ
    Sitz, J
    Koo, H
    Bolotov, P
    Dernovoy, D
    Tatusova, T
    Bao, YM
    St George, K
    Taylor, J
    Lipman, DJ
    Fraser, CM
    Taubenberger, JK
    Salzberg, SL
 TI Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of
    viral genome evolution
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID VIRUS NEURAMINIDASE; ANTIGENIC SITES; PROTEIN; HOSPITALIZATIONS;
    REASSORTMENT; PB1-F2; ASIA
 AB Influenza viruses are remarkably adept at surviving in the human
    population over a long timescale. The human influenza A virus continues
    to thrive even among populations with widespread access to vaccines,
    and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality(1,2). The
    virus mutates from year to year, making the existing vaccines
    ineffective on a regular basis, and requiring that new strains be
    chosen for a new vaccine. Less-frequent major changes, known as
    antigenic shift, create new strains against which the human population
    has little protective immunity, thereby causing worldwide pandemics.
    The most recent pandemics include the 1918 'Spanish' flu, one of the
    most deadly outbreaks in recorded history, which killed 30-50 million
    people worldwide, the 1957 'Asian' flu, and the 1968 'Hong Kong'
    flu(3). Motivated by the need for a better understanding of influenza
    evolution, we have developed flexible protocols that make it possible
    to apply large-scale sequencing techniques to the highly variable
    influenza genome. Here we report the results of sequencing 209 complete
    genomes of the human influenza A virus, encompassing a total of
    2,821,103 nucleotides. In addition to increasing markedly the number of
    publicly available, complete influenza virus genomes, we have
    discovered several anomalies in these first 209 genomes that
    demonstrate the dynamic nature of influenza transmission and evolution.
    This new, large-scale sequencing effort promises to provide a more
    comprehensive picture of the evolution of influenza viruses and of
    their pattern of transmission through human and animal populations. All
    data from this project are being deposited, without delay, in public
    archives.
 C1 Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
    NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA.
    New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA.
    Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
    Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
 RP Salzberg, SL, Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
 EM salzberg@umd.edu
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1162
 EP 1166
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Meylan, E
    Curran, J
    Hofmann, K
    Moradpour, D
    Binder, M
    Bartenschlager, R
    Tschopp, R
 TI Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is
    targeted by hepatitis C virus
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID NF-KAPPA-B; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3;
    MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION; IKK-EPSILON; ACTIVATION; HELICASE;
    IDENTIFICATION; CLEAVAGE; DETERMINANTS
 AB Antiviral immunity against a pathogen is mounted upon recognition by
    the host of virally associated structures. One of these viral
    'signatures', double-stranded (ds) RNA, is a replication product of
    most viruses within infected cells and is sensed by Toll-like receptor
    3 (TLR3) and the recently identified cytosolic RNA helicases RIG-I
    (retinoic acid inducible gene I, also known as Ddx58) and Mda5
    (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or
    Helicard)(1). Both helicases detect dsRNA, and through their
    protein-interacting CARD domains, relay an undefined signal resulting
    in the activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory
    factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-kappa B. Here we describe Cardif, a new
    CARD-containing adaptor protein that interacts with RIG-I and recruits
    IKK alpha, IKK beta and IKK epsilon kinases by means of its C-terminal
    region, leading to the activation of NF-kappa B and IRF3.
    Overexpression of Cardif results in interferon-beta and NF-kappa B
    promoter activation, and knockdown of Cardif by short interfering RNA
    inhibits RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses. Cardif is targeted and
    inactivated by NS3-4A, a serine protease from hepatitis C virus known
    to block interferon-beta production. Cardif thus functions as an
    adaptor, linking the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptor RIG-I to the initiation
    of antiviral programmes.
 C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Biochem, BIL Biomed Res Ctr, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
    Univ Geneva, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
    MEMOREC Biotec GmbH, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.
    CHU Vaudois, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Univ Heidelberg, Dept Mol Virol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
 RP Tschopp, R, Univ Lausanne, Dept Biochem, BIL Biomed Res Ctr, Chemin
    Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
 EM jurg.tschopp@unil.ch
 NR 32
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1167
 EP 1172
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rual, JF
    Venkatesan, K
    Hao, T
    Hirozane-Kishikawa, T
    Dricot, A
    Li, N
    Berriz, GF
    Gibbons, FD
    Dreze, M
    Ayivi-Guedehoussou, N
    Klitgord, N
    Simon, C
    Boxem, M
    Milstein, S
    Rosenberg, J
    Goldberg, DS
    Zhang, LV
    Wong, SL
    Franklin, G
    Li, SM
    Albala, JS
    Lim, JH
    Fraughton, C
    Llamosas, E
    Cevik, S
    Bex, C
    Lamesch, P
    Sikorski, RS
    Vandenhaute, J
    Zoghbi, HY
    Smolyar, A
    Bosak, S
    Sequerra, R
    Doucette-Stamm, L
    Cusick, ME
    Hill, DE
    Roth, FP
    Vidal, M
 TI Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction
    network
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ORFEOME VERSION 1.1; INTERACTION DATABASE; 2-HYBRID SCREENS; C-ELEGANS;
    GENOME; ANNOTATION; RESOURCE; PLATFORM; BIOLOGY; GENES
 AB Systematic mapping of protein-protein interactions, or 'interactome'
    mapping, was initiated in model organisms, starting with defined
    biological processes(1,2) and then expanding to the scale of the
    proteome(3-7). Although far from complete, such maps have revealed
    global topological and dynamic features of interactome networks that
    relate to known biological properties(8,9), suggesting that a human
    interactome map will provide insight into development and disease
    mechanisms at a systems level. Here we describe an initial version of a
    proteome-scale map of human binary protein-protein interactions. Using
    a stringent, high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system, we tested
    pairwise interactions among the products of similar to 8,100 currently
    available Gateway-cloned open reading frames and detected similar to
    2,800 interactions. This data set, called CCSB-HI1, has a verification
    rate of similar to 78% as revealed by an independent co-affinity
    purification assay, and correlates significantly with other biological
    attributes. The CCSB-HI1 data set increases by similar to 70% the set
    of available binary interactions within the tested space and reveals
    more than 300 new connections to over 100 disease-associated proteins.
    This work represents an important step towards a systematic and
    comprehensive human interactome project.
 C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem & Mol Pharmacol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Fac Notre Dame Paix, Unite Rech Biol Mol, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
    Howard Hughes Med Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Baylor Univ, Dept Neurol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Baylor Univ, Dept Neurosci, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Baylor Univ, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
    Arcbay Inc, Boston, MA 01915 USA.
    Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA.
 RP Vidal, M, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, 44 Binney St,
    Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 EM david_hill@dfci.harvard.edu
    fritz_roth@hms.harvard.edu
    marc_vidal@dfci.harvard.edu
 NR 30
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1173
 EP 1178
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bonardi, V
    Pesaresi, P
    Becker, T
    Schleiff, E
    Wagner, R
    Pfannschmidt, T
    Jahns, P
    Leister, D
 TI Photosystem II core phosphorylation and photosynthetic acclimation
    require two different protein kinases
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HARVESTING COMPLEX-II; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STATE TRANSITIONS; REDOX
    SIGNALS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OUTER ENVELOPE; NUCLEAR GENES; REPAIR CYCLE;
    IN-VIVO; CHLOROPLAST
 AB Illumination changes elicit modifications of thylakoid proteins and
    reorganization of the photosynthetic machinery. This involves, in the
    short term, phosphorylation of photosystem II (PSII) and
    light-harvesting (LHCII) proteins. PSII phosphorylation is thought to
    be relevant for PSII turnover(1,2), whereas LHCII phosphorylation is
    associated with the relocation of LHCII and the redistribution of
    excitation energy (state transitions) between photosystems(3,4). In the
    long term, imbalances in energy distribution between photosystems are
    counteracted by adjusting photosystem stoichiometry(5,6). In the green
    alga Chlamydomonas and the plant Arabidopsis, state transitions require
    the orthologous protein kinases STT7 and STN7, respectively(7,8). Here
    we show that in Arabidopsis a second protein kinase, STN8, is required
    for the quantitative phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. However,
    PSII activity under high-intensity light is affected only slightly in
    stn8 mutants, and D1 turnover is indistinguishable from the wild type,
    implying that reversible protein phosphorylation is not essential for
    PSII repair. Acclimation to changes in light quality is defective in
    stn7 but not in stn8 mutants, indicating that short-term and long-term
    photosynthetic adaptations are coupled. Therefore the phosphorylation
    of LHCII, or of an unknown substrate of STN7, is also crucial for the
    control of photosynthetic gene expression.
 C1 Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Inst Bot, D-80638 Munich, Germany.
    Max Planck Inst Zuchtungsforsch, Abt Pflanzenzuchtung & Genet, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.
    Fdn Parco Tecnol Padano, I-26900 Lodi, Italy.
    Univ Jena, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
    Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzen, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
 RP Leister, D, Univ Munich, Dept Biol 1, Inst Bot, Menzinger Str 67,
    D-80638 Munich, Germany.
 EM leister@lrz.uni-muenchen.de
 NR 30
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1179
 EP 1182
 PG 4
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 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ha, SC
    Lowenhaupt, K
    Rich, A
    Kim, YG
    Kim, KK
 TI Crystal structure of a junction between B-DNA and Z-DNA reveals two
    extruded bases
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HANDED Z-DNA; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; BINDING; GENE; PROMOTER; COMPLEX;
    FORMS; MODEL
 AB Left-handed Z-DNA is a higher-energy form of the double helix,
    stabilized by negative supercoiling generated by transcription or
    unwrapping nucleosomes(1). Regions near the transcription start site
    frequently contain sequence motifs favourable for forming Z-DNA(2), and
    formation of Z-DNA near the promoter region stimulates
    transcription(3,4). Z-DNA is also stabilized by specific protein
    binding; several proteins have been identified with low nanomolar
    binding constants(5-9). Z-DNA occurs in a dynamic state, forming as a
    result of physiological processes then relaxing to the right-handed
    B-DNA(1). Each time a DNA segment turns into Z-DNA, two B-Z junctions
    form. These have been examined extensively(10-12), but their structure
    was unknown. Here we describe the structure of a B-Z junction as
    revealed by X-ray crystallography at 2.6 angstrom resolution. A
    15-base-pair segment of DNA is stabilized at one end in the Z
    conformation by Z-DNA binding proteins, while the other end remains
    B-DNA. Continuous stacking of bases between B-DNA and Z-DNA segments is
    found, with the breaking of one base pair at the junction and extrusion
    of the bases on each side (Fig. 1). These extruded bases may be sites
    for DNA modification.
 C1 Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Biomed Res Inst, Dept Mol Cell Biol, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
    Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sungkyunkwan Adv Inst Nanotecnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
    MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Chung Ang Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Seoul 156756, South Korea.
 RP Kim, KK, Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Biomed Res Inst, Dept Mol
    Cell Biol, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
 EM ygkimmit@cau.ac.kr
    kkim@med.skku.ac.kr
 NR 31
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1183
 EP 1186
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 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Callaghan, AJ
    Marcaida, MJ
    Stead, JA
    McDowall, KJ
    Scott, WG
    Luisi, BF
 TI Structure of Escherichia coli RNase E catalytic domain and implications
    for RNA turnover
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MESSENGER-RNA; RIBONUCLEASE-E; QUATERNARY STRUCTURE;
    TERMINAL HALF; GENE; DEGRADATION; SPECIFICITY; DEGRADOSOME; SITE
 AB The coordinated regulation of gene expression is required for
    homeostasis, growth and development in all organisms. Such coordination
    may be partly achieved at the level of messenger RNA stability(1), in
    which the targeted destruction of subsets of transcripts generates the
    potential for cross-regulating metabolic pathways. In Escherichia coli,
    the balance and composition of the transcript population is affected by
    RNase E, an essential endoribonuclease that not only turns over RNA but
    also processes certain key RNA precursors(2-10). RNase E cleaves RNA
    internally, but its catalytic power is determined by the 50 terminus of
    the substrate, even if this lies at a distance from the cutting
    site(11-14). Here we report crystal structures of the catalytic domain
    of RNase E as trapped allosteric intermediates with RNA substrates.
    Four subunits of RNase E catalytic domain associate into an interwoven
    quaternary structure, explaining why the subunit organization is
    required for catalytic activity. The subdomain encompassing the active
    site is structurally congruent to a deoxyribonuclease, making an
    unexpected link in the evolutionary history of RNA and DNA nucleases.
    The structure explains how the recognition of the 50 terminus of the
    substrate may trigger catalysis and also sheds light on the question of
    how RNase E might selectively process, rather than destroy, specific
    RNA precursors.
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England.
    Univ Leeds, Astbury Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Sinsheimer Labs, Ctr Mol Biol RNA, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
 RP Luisi, BF, Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge
    CB2 1GA, England.
 EM ben@cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk
 NR 30
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1187
 EP 1191
 PG 5
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 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gershon, D
 TI DNA microarrays: More than than gene expression
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1195
 EP 1200
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Crumey, A
 TI Calculation quest - And the winner is...
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 20
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7062
 BP 1206
 EP 1206
 PG 1
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 GA 975KD
 UT ISI:000232660500053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Peace and honour
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 927
 EP 927
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI From rhetoric to reality
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 927
 EP 928
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Advise the president
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 928
 EP 928
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI US progressives fight for a voice in bioethics
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 932
 EP 933
 PG 2
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Nuclear group nabs peace prize
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 932
 EP 933
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI More evidence for hobbit unearthed as diggers are refused access to cave
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 934
 EP 935
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100006
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hopkin, M
 TI The life of a hobbit
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 935
 EP 935
 PG 1
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Butler, D
 TI Indonesia struggles to control bird flu outbreak
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 937
 EP 937
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ball, P
 TI Chemical exchange captures Nobel
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 938
 EP 938
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nadis, S
 TI Ig Nobels hail world's longest-running experiment
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 938
 EP 939
 PG 2
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU von Bubnoff, A
 TI The 1918 flu virus is resurrected (vol 437, pg 794, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 940
 EP 940
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Frantz, S
 TI Playing dirty
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID DRUGS
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 942
 EP 943
 PG 2
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI The forgotten ecosystem
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 944
 EP 945
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI The maestro of minds
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 946
 EP 947
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gewin, V
 TI The technology trap
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 948
 EP 949
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 CA Wood Mackenzie
 TI Biotechnology stocks
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 949
 EP 949
 PG 1
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schlaepfer, MA
 TI Re-wilding: a bold plan that needs native megafauna
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
 RP Schlaepfer, MA, Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
 NR 3
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 951
 EP 951
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kutschera, U
 TI Evolution was fine, just not in the case of humans
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Kassel, Inst Biol, D-34109 Kassel, Germany.
 RP Kutschera, U, Univ Kassel, Inst Biol, Heinrich Plett Str 40, D-34109
    Kassel, Germany.
 NR 3
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 PD OCT 13
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 951
 EP 951
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zerhouni, E
 TI NIH moved quickly to help researchers after Katrina
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
 RP Zerhouni, E, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 951
 EP 951
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mehrotra, M
 TI Indian players in some of IT and biotech's top teams
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Portola Pharmaceut, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA.
 RP Mehrotra, M, Portola Pharmaceut, 270 E Grand Ave, San Francisco, CA
    94080 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 951
 EP 951
 PG 1
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Edwards, AWF
 TI System to rank scientists was pedalled by Jeffreys
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Cambridge Gonville & Caius Coll, Cambridge CB2 1TA, England.
 RP Edwards, AWF, Univ Cambridge Gonville & Caius Coll, Cambridge CB2 1TA,
    England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 951
 EP 951
 PG 1
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bluestein, HB
 TI Divine wind: The history and science of hurricanes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
 RP Bluestein, HB, Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
 NR 2
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 953
 EP 954
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Sargent, M
 TI The fetal matrix: Evolution, development and disease
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Natl Inst Med Res, London NW7 1AA, England.
 RP Sargent, M, Natl Inst Med Res, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, England.
 NR 1
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 954
 EP 954
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Howard, B
 TI Wormwood forest: A natural history of Chernobyl
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lancaster LA1 4AP, England.
 RP Howard, B, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Lib Ave,
    Lancaster LA1 4AP, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 955
 EP 955
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lieberman, DE
 TI Palaeoanthropology - Further fossil finds from flores
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID INDONESIA; EVOLUTION; HOMININ; BRAIN; HOMO
 C1 Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
 RP Lieberman, DE, Harvard Univ, Peabody Museum, 11 Divin Ave, Cambridge,
    MA 02138 USA.
 EM danlieb@fas.harvard.edu
 NR 13
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 957
 EP 958
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Feldman, PD
 TI Planetary science - The impact of deep impact
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
 RP Feldman, PD, Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD
    21218 USA.
 EM pdf@pha.jhu.edu
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 958
 EP 959
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Moore, PD
 TI Ecology - Roots of stability
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY
 C1 Univ London Kings Coll, Dept Biochem, London SE1 9NH, England.
 RP Moore, PD, Univ London Kings Coll, Dept Biochem, Franklin Wilkins
    Bldg,150 Stamford St, London SE1 9NH, England.
 EM peter.moore@kcl.ac.uk
 NR 7
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 959
 EP +
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Daw, R
 TI Materials science - At a stretch
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 961
 EP 961
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bulsara, AR
 TI Device physics - No-nuisance noise
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID STOCHASTIC RESONANCE
 C1 Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA.
 RP Bulsara, AR, US Off Naval Res Global, London, England.
 EM bulsara@spawar.navy.mil
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 962
 EP 963
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kishimoto, T
 TI Developmental biology - Cell cycle unleashed
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX; CYTOSTATIC FACTOR ARREST; METAPHASE ARREST;
    VERTEBRATE EGGS; XENOPUS EGGS; KINASE PLX1; FERTILIZATION; EMI1
 C1 Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci, Lab Cell & Dev Biol, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan.
 RP Kishimoto, T, Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci, Lab Cell & Dev Biol,
    Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268501, Japan.
 EM tkishimo@bio.titech.ac.jp
 NR 13
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 963
 EP +
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Penuelas, J
 TI Plant physiology - A big issue for trees
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID LEAF SENESCENCE
 C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, CEAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
    Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Ctr Ecol Res & Forestry Applicat, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
 RP Penuelas, J, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CSIC, CEAB, Bellaterra 08193,
    Catalonia, Spain.
 EM josep.penuelas@uab.es
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 965
 EP 966
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lu, HY
    Yang, XY
    Ye, ML
    Liu, KB
    Xia, ZK
    Ren, XY
    Cai, LH
    Wu, NQ
    Liu, TS
 TI Millet noodles in Late Neolithic China - A remarkable find allows the
    reconstruction of the earliest recorded preparation of noodles.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PHYTOLITHS; STARCH
 C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China.
    Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
    Chinese Acad Social Sci, Inst Archaeol, Beijing 100710, Peoples R China.
    Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
    Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
    Qinghai Prov Inst Cultural Rel & Archaeol, Sining 810007, Peoples R China.
 RP Lu, HY, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Beijing 100029, Peoples
    R China.
 EM houyuanlu@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
 NR 12
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 967
 EP 968
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Teo, KBK
    Minoux, E
    Hudanski, L
    Peauger, F
    Schnell, JP
    Gangloff, L
    Legagneux, P
    Dieumegard, D
    Amaratunga, GAJ
    Milne, WI
 TI Microwave devices - Carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England.
    Thales Res & Technol, F-91767 Palaiseau, France.
    Thales Electron Devices, F-78141 Velizy Villacoublay, France.
 RP Teo, KBK, Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England.
 EM wim@eng.cam.ac.uk
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 968
 EP 968
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bakun, WH
    Aagaard, B
    Dost, B
    Ellsworth, WL
    Hardebeck, JL
    Harris, RA
    Ji, C
    Johnston, MJS
    Langbein, J
    Lienkaemper, JJ
    Michael, AJ
    Murray, JR
    Nadeau, RM
    Reasenberg, PA
    Reichle, MS
    Roeloffs, EA
    Shakal, A
    Simpson, RW
    Waldhauser, F
 TI Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004
    Parkfield earthquake
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKE; RECURRENCE; SLIP; BEHAVIOR;
    RUPTURE; MICROEARTHQUAKES; SEISMICITY; SEGMENT; MODELS
 AB Obtaining high-quality measurements close to a large earthquake is not
    easy: one has to be in the right place at the right time with the right
    instruments. Such a convergence happened, for the first time, when the
    28 September 2004 Parkfield, California, earthquake occurred on the San
    Andreas fault in the middle of a dense network of instruments designed
    to record it. The resulting data reveal aspects of the earthquake
    process never before seen. Here we show what these data, when combined
    with data from earlier Parkfield earthquakes, tell us about earthquake
    physics and earthquake prediction. The 2004 Parkfield earthquake, with
    its lack of obvious precursors, demonstrates that reliable short-term
    earthquake prediction still is not achievable. To reduce the societal
    impact of earthquakes now, we should focus on developing the next
    generation of models that can provide better predictions of the
    strength and location of damaging ground shaking.
 C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
    Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Seismol Div, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands.
    CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Calif Geol Survey, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA.
    US Geol Survey, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA.
    Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA.
 RP Bakun, WH, US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
 EM bakun@usgs.gov
 NR 51
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 969
 EP 974
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mygind, PH
    Fischer, RL
    Schnorr, KM
    Hansen, MT
    Sonksen, CP
    Ludvigsen, S
    Raventos, D
    Buskov, S
    Christensen, B
    De Maria, L
    Taboureau, O
    Yaver, D
    Elvig-Jorgensen, SG
    Sorensen, MV
    Christensen, BE
    Kjaerulff, S
    Frimodt-Moller, N
    Lehrer, RI
    Zasloff, M
    Kristensen, HH
 TI Plectasin is a peptide antibiotic with therapeutic potential from a
    saprophytic fungus
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; INNATE IMMUNITY; DIRECT
    INACTIVATION; DEFENSINS; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; CATHELICIDINS; DIVERGENCE;
    PENICILLIN
 AB Animals and higher plants express endogenous peptide antibiotics called
    defensins. These small cysteine-rich peptides are active against
    bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here we describe plectasin - the first
    defensin to be isolated from a fungus, the saprophytic ascomycete
    Pseudoplectania nigrella. Plectasin has primary, secondary and tertiary
    structures that closely resemble those of defensins found in spiders,
    scorpions, dragonflies and mussels. Recombinant plectasin was produced
    at a very high, and commercially viable, yield and purity. In vitro,
    the recombinant peptide was especially active against Streptococcus
    pneumoniae, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics.
    Plectasin showed extremely low toxicity in mice, and cured them of
    experimental peritonitis and pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae as
    efficaciously as vancomycin and penicillin. These findings identify
    fungi as a novel source of antimicrobial defensins, and show the
    therapeutic potential of plectasin. They also suggest that the
    defensins of insects, molluscs and fungi arose from a common ancestral
    gene.
 C1 Novozymes AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
    Statens Serum Inst, Natl Ctr Antimicrobials & Infect Control, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Novo Nordisk AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
    Novozymes Inc, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
    Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
 RP Kristensen, HH, Novozymes AS, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
 EM hahk@novozymes.com
 NR 46
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 975
 EP 980
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hu, RG
    Sheng, J
    Qi, X
    Xu, ZM
    Takahashi, TT
    Varshavsky, A
 TI The N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the levels
    of multiple regulators
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID RNA-PROTEIN TRANSFERASE; UBIQUITIN LIGASE; MICE LACKING;
    S-NITROSYLATION; DEGRADATION; RGS4; APOPTOSIS; SYSTEM; EXPRESSION;
    COMPONENT
 AB The conjugation of arginine to proteins is a part of the N- end rule
    pathway of protein degradation. Three amino (N)-terminal residues -
    aspartate, glutamate and cysteine - are arginylated by ATE1-encoded
    arginyl-transferases. Here we report that oxidation of N- terminal
    cysteine is essential for its arginylation. The in vivo oxidation of N-
    terminal cysteine, before its arginylation, is shown to require nitric
    oxide. We reconstituted this process in vitro as well. The levels of
    regulatory proteins bearing N- terminal cysteine, such as RGS4, RGS5
    and RGS16, are greatly increased in mouse ATE1(-/-) embryos, which lack
    arginylation. Stabilization of these proteins, the first physiological
    substrates of mammalian N- end rule pathway, may underlie
    cardiovascular defects in ATE1(-/-) embryos. Our findings identify the
    N- end rule pathway as a new nitric oxide sensor that functions through
    its ability to destroy specific regulatory proteins bearing N- terminal
    cysteine, at rates controlled by nitric oxide and apparently by oxygen
    as well.
 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Varshavsky, A, CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 EM avarsh@caltech.edu
 NR 43
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 981
 EP 986
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kuppers, M
    Bertini, I
    Fornasier, S
    Gutierrez, PJ
    Hviid, SF
    Jorda, L
    Keller, HU
    Knollenberg, J
    Koschny, D
    Kramm, R
    Lara, LM
    Sierks, H
    Thomas, N
    Barbieri, C
    Lamy, P
    Rickman, H
    Rodrigo, R
 CA OSIRIS Team
 TI A large dust/ice ratio in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID DEEP IMPACT; SIZE; EJECTA; OH
 AB Comets spend most of their life in a low-temperature environment far
    from the Sun. They are therefore relatively unprocessed and maintain
    information about the formation conditions of the planetary system, but
    the structure and composition of their nuclei are poorly understood.
    Although in situ(1) and remote(2) measurements have derived the global
    properties of some cometary nuclei, little is known about their
    interiors. The Deep Impact mission(3) shot a projectile into comet 9P/
    Tempel 1 in order to investigate its interior. Here we report the water
    vapour content (1.5 x 10(32) water molecules or 4.5 x 10(6) kg) and the
    cross-section of the dust (330 km(2) assuming an albedo of 0.1) created
    by the impact. The corresponding dust/ice mass ratio is probably larger
    than one, suggesting that comets are 'icy dirtballs' rather than 'dirty
    snowballs' as commonly believed(4). High dust velocities ( between 110
    m s(-1) and 300 m s(-1)) imply acceleration in the comet's coma,
    probably by water molecules sublimated by solar radiation. We did not
    find evidence of enhanced activity of 9P/ Tempel 1 in the days after
    the impact, suggesting that in general impacts of meteoroids are not
    the cause of cometary outbursts.
 C1 Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
    Univ Padua, Dept Astron, I-35100 Padua, Italy.
    Univ Padua, CISAS, I-35100 Padua, Italy.
    CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain.
    Traverse Siphon, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France.
    DLR Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
    European Space Agcy, ESTEC, SCI SB, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
    Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Abt Weltraumforsch & Planetol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Astron Observ, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
 RP Kuppers, M, Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Max Planck Str 2,
    D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany.
 EM kueppers@mps.mpg.de
 NR 22
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 987
 EP 990
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Tanaka, KL
 TI Geology and insolation-driven climatic history of Amazonian north polar
    materials on Mars
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; GROUND ICE; SURFACE; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; ORIGIN
 AB Mariner 9 and Viking spacecraft images revealed that the polar regions
    of Mars, like those of Earth, record the planet's climate history.
    However, fundamental uncertainties regarding the materials, features,
    ages and processes constituting the geologic record remained(1-6).
    Recently acquired Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data(7) and Mars Orbiter
    Camera high-resolution images(8) from the Mars Global Surveyor
    spacecraft and moderately high-resolution Thermal Emission Imaging
    System visible images(9) from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft permit more
    comprehensive geologic and climatic analyses(10-17). Here I map and
    show the history of geologic materials and features in the north polar
    region that span the Amazonian period (similar to 3.0 Gyr ago to
    present) (18,19). Erosion and redeposition of putative circumpolar mud
    volcano deposits(15) ( formed by eruption of liquefied, fine-grained
    material) led to the formation of an Early Amazonian polar plateau
    consisting of dark layered materials. Crater ejecta superposed on
    pedestals indicate that a thin mantle was present during most of the
    Amazonian, suggesting generally higher obliquity and insolation
    conditions at the poles than at present. Brighter polar layered
    deposits rest unconformably on the dark layers and formed mainly during
    lower obliquity over the past 4 - 5Myr (ref. 20). Finally, the
    uppermost layers post-date the latest downtrend in obliquity < 20,000
    years ago(20).
 C1 US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
 RP Tanaka, KL, US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, 2255 N Gemini Dr,
    Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA.
 EM ktanaka@usgs.gov
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 991
 EP 994
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Badzey, RL
    Mohanty, P
 TI Coherent signal amplification in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by
    stochastic resonance
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SYSTEM; NOISE
 AB Stochastic resonance(1,2) is a counterintuitive concept: the addition
    of noise to a noisy system induces coherent amplification of its
    response. First suggested as a mechanism for the cyclic recurrence of
    ice ages, stochastic resonance has been seen in a wide variety of
    macroscopic physical systems: bistable ring lasers(3), superconducting
    quantum interference devices(4,5) (SQUIDs), magnetoelastic ribbons(6)
    and neurophysiological systems such as the receptors in crickets(7) and
    crayfish(8). Although fundamentally important as a mechanism of
    coherent signal amplification, stochastic resonance has yet to be
    observed in nanoscale systems. Here we report the observation of
    stochastic resonance in bistable nanomechanical silicon oscillators.
    Our nanomechanical systems consist of beams that are clamped at each
    end and driven into transverse oscillation with the use of a
    radiofrequency source. Modulation of the source induces controllable
    switching of the beams between two stable, distinct states. We observe
    that the addition of white noise causes a marked amplification of the
    signal strength. Stochastic resonance in nanomechanical systems could
    have a function in the realization of controllable high-speed
    nanomechanical memory cells, and paves the way for exploring
    macroscopic quantum coherence and tunnelling.
 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 RP Mohanty, P, Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA
    02215 USA.
 EM mohanty@physics.bu.edu
 NR 23
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 995
 EP 998
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Elvin, CM
    Carr, AG
    Huson, MG
    Maxwell, JM
    Pearson, RD
    Vuocolo, T
    Liyou, NE
    Wong, DCC
    Merritt, DJ
    Dixon, NE
 TI Synthesis and properties of crosslinked recombinant pro-resilin
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ELASTIC PROTEINS; SOUND PRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; LINKING; TIMBAL
 AB Resilin is a member of a family of elastic proteins that includes
    elastin, as well as gluten, gliadin, abductin and spider silks. Resilin
    is found in specialized regions of the cuticle of most insects,
    providing low stiffness, high strain and efficient energy storage(1,2);
    it is best known for its roles in insect flight(3,4) and the remarkable
    jumping ability of fleas(5,6) and spittle bugs(7). Previously, the
    Drosophila melanogaster CG15920 gene was tentatively identified as one
    encoding a resilin-like protein(8,9) (pro-resilin). Here we report the
    cloning and expression of the first exon of the Drosophila CG15920 gene
    as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli. We show that this recombinant
    protein can be cast into a rubber-like biomaterial by rapid
    photochemical crosslinking. This observation validates the role of the
    putative elastic repeat motif in resilin function. The resilience (
    recovery after deformation) of crosslinked recombinant resilin was
    found to exceed that of unfilled synthetic polybutadiene, a high
    resilience rubber. We believe that our work will greatly facilitate
    structural investigations into the functional properties of resilin and
    shed light on more general aspects of the structure of elastomeric
    proteins. In addition, the ability to rapidly cast samples of this
    biomaterial may enable its use in situ for both industrial and
    biomedical applications.
 C1 CSIRO Livestock Ind, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
    CSIRO Text & Fibre Technol, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia.
    Univ Queensland, Sch Integrat Biol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
 RP Elvin, CM, CSIRO Livestock Ind, Queensland Biosci Precinct, St Lucia,
    Qld 4072, Australia.
 EM chris.elvin@csiro.au
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 999
 EP 1002
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schefuss, E
    Schouten, S
    Schneider, RR
 TI Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000
    years
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS;
    SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; CALIBRATION; ISOTOPES; TROPICS;
    PRECIPITATION; TERRESTRIAL
 AB Past hydrological changes in Africa have been linked to various
    climatic processes, depending on region and timescale. Long-term
    precipitation changes in the regions of northern and southern Africa
    influenced by the monsoons are thought to have been governed by
    precessional variations in summer insolation(1,2). Conversely,
    short-term precipitation changes in the northern African tropics have
    been linked to North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies,
    affecting the northward extension of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
    and its associated rainbelt(3,4). Our knowledge of large-scale
    hydrological changes in equatorial Africa and their forcing factors is,
    however, limited(5). Here we analyse the isotopic composition of
    terrigenous plant lipids, extracted from a marine sediment core close
    to the Congo River mouth, in order to reconstruct past central African
    rainfall variations and compare this record to sea surface temperature
    changes in the South Atlantic Ocean. We find that central African
    precipitation during the past 20,000 years was mainly controlled by the
    difference in sea surface temperatures between the tropics and
    subtropics of the South Atlantic Ocean, whereas we find no evidence
    that changes in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone had
    a significant influence on the overall moisture availability in central
    Africa. We conclude that changes in ocean circulation, and hence sea
    surface temperature patterns, were important in modulating atmospheric
    moisture transport onto the central African continent.
 C1 Univ Bremen, DFG Res Ctr Ocean Margins, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
    Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.
    Univ Kiel, Inst Geowissensch, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
 RP Schefuss, E, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods
    Hole, MA 02543 USA.
 EM eschefuss@whoi.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1003
 EP 1006
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Makovicky, PJ
    Apesteguia, S
    Agnolin, FL
 TI The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PATAGONIA; DINOSAUR; BIRDS; CHINA
 AB The evolutionary history of Maniraptora, the clade of carnivorous
    dinosaurs that includes birds and the sickle-clawed Dromaeosauridae,
    has hitherto been largely restricted to Late Jurassic and Cretaceous
    deposits on northern continents. The stunning Early Cretaceous
    diversity of maniraptorans from Liaoning, China(1-3), coupled with a
    longevity implied by derived Late Jurassic forms such as Archaeopteryx,
    pushes the origins of maniraptoran lineages back to Pangaean times and
    engenders the possibility that such lineages existed in Gondwana. A few
    intriguing, but incomplete, maniraptoran specimens have been reported
    from South America(4-8), Africa(9) and Madagascar(10). Their affinities
    remain contested(11-13), however, and they have been interpreted as
    biogeographic anomalies relative to other faunal components of these
    land-masses. Here we describe a near-complete, small dromaeosaurid that
    is both the most complete and the earliest member of the Maniraptora
    from South America, and which provides new evidence for a unique
    Gondwanan lineage of Dromaeosauridae with an origin predating the
    separation between northern and southern landmasses.
 C1 Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
    Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Secc Paleontol Vertebrados, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    Museo Argentino Ciencias Nat Bernardino Rivadavia, Lab Anat Comparada, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
    Univ Maimonides, CAECNA, Fdn Hist Nat Felix de Azara, RA-1405 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
 RP Makovicky, PJ, Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Geol, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr,
    Chicago, IL 60605 USA.
 EM paleoninja@yahoo.com.ar
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1007
 EP 1011
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Morwood, MJ
    Brown, P
    Jatmiko
    Sutikna, T
    Saptomo, EW
    Westaway, KE
    Due, RA
    Roberts, RG
    Maeda, T
    Wasisto, S
    Djubiantono, T
 TI Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of
    Flores, Indonesia
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID DENTAL MORPHOLOGY; HADAR FORMATION; AL 288-1; BRAIN; HOMO; ETHIOPIA;
    SKELETON; STATURE; DMANISI; GEORGIA
 AB Homo floresiensis was recovered from Late Pleistocene deposits on the
    island of Flores in eastern Indonesia, but has the stature, limb
    proportions and endocranial volume of African Pliocene
    Australopithecus(1). The holotype of the species (LB1), excavated in
    2003 from Liang Bua, consisted of a partial skeleton minus the arms.
    Here we describe additional H. floresiensis remains excavated from the
    cave in 2004. These include armbones belonging to the holotype
    skeleton, a second adult mandible, and postcranial material from other
    individuals. We can now reconstruct the body proportions of H.
    floresiensis with some certainty. The finds further demonstrate that
    LB1 is not just an aberrant or pathological individual, but is
    representative of a long-term population that was present during the
    interval 95 - 74 to 12 thousand years ago. The excavation also yielded
    more evidence for the depositional history of the cave and for the
    behavioural capabilities of H. floresiensis, including the butchery of
    Stegodon and use of fire.
 C1 Univ New England, Sch Human & Environm Studies, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
    Indonesian Ctr Archaeol, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia.
    Univ Wollongong, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, GeoQuEST Res Ctr, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
 RP Morwood, MJ, Univ New England, Sch Human & Environm Studies, Armidale,
    NSW 2351, Australia.
 EM mmorwood@pobox.une.edu.au
    pbrown3@pobox.une.edu.au
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1012
 EP 1017
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Corbit, KC
    Aanstad, P
    Singla, V
    Norman, AR
    Stainier, DYR
    Reiter, JF
 TI Vertebrate Smoothened functions at the primary cilium
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HEDGEHOG SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTRAFLAGELLAR TRANSPORT PROTEINS;
    OLFACTORY CILIA; NEURONAL CILIA; LOCALIZATION; DROSOPHILA;
    BETA-ARRESTIN-2; CYCLOPAMINE; INHIBITION; RECEPTORS
 AB The unanticipated involvement of several intraflagellar transport
    proteins in the mammalian Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has hinted at a
    functional connection between cilia and Hh signal transduction(1,2).
    Here we show that mammalian Smoothened (Smo), a seven-transmembrane
    protein essential for Hh signalling(3), is expressed on the primary
    cilium. This ciliary expression is regulated by Hh pathway activity;
    Sonic hedgehog or activating mutations in Smo promote ciliary
    localization, whereas the Smo antagonist cyclopamine inhibits ciliary
    localization. The translocation of Smo to primary cilia depends upon a
    conserved hydrophobic and basic residue sequence homologous to a domain
    previously shown to be required for the ciliary localization of
    seven-transmembrane proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans(4). Mutation of
    this domain not only prevents ciliary localization but also eliminates
    Smo activity both in cultured cells and in zebrafish embryos. Thus,
    Hh-dependent translocation to cilia is essential for Smo activity,
    suggesting that Smo acts at the primary cilium.
 C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dev & Stem Cell Biol Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Diabet, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
    Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
 RP Reiter, JF, Univ Calif San Francisco, Dev & Stem Cell Biol Program, San
    Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
 EM jreiter@diabetes.ucsf.edu
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1018
 EP 1021
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Grigg, SP
    Canales, C
    Hay, A
    Tsiantis, M
 TI SERRATE coordinates shoot meristem function and leaf axial patterning
    in Arabidopsis
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CLASS IIIHD-ZIP; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; GENE; ORGANOGENESIS;
    PHABULOSA; THALIANA; PROTEINS; POLARITY; GENOME; MEMBER
 AB Leaves of flowering plants are determinate organs produced by
    pluripotent structures termed shoot apical meristems. Once specified,
    leaves differentiate an adaxial ( upper) side specialized for light
    capture, and an abaxial ( lower) side specialized for gas exchange. A
    functional relationship between meristem activity and the
    differentiation of adaxial leaf fate has been recognized for over fifty
    years, but the molecular basis of this interaction is unclear. In
    Arabidopsis thaliana, activity of the class I KNOX (KNOTTED1-like
    homeobox) genes SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and BREVIPEDICELLUS ( BP) is
    required for meristem function but excluded from leaves(1-3), whereas
    members of the HD-Zip III ( class III homeodomain leucine zipper)
    protein family function to promote both meristem activity and adaxial
    leaf fate(4-6). Here we show that the zinc-finger protein SERRATE acts
    in a microRNA ( miRNA) gene-silencing pathway to regulate expression of
    the HD-Zip III gene PHABULOSA (PHB) while also limiting the competence
    of shoot tissue to respond to KNOX expression. Thus, SERRATE acts to
    coordinately regulate meristem activity and leaf axial patterning.
 C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England.
 RP Tsiantis, M, Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3RB,
    England.
 EM miltos.tsiantis@plants.ox.ac.uk
 NR 22
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1022
 EP 1026
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Liu, QS
    Pu, L
    Poo, MM
 TI Repeated cocaine exposure in vivo facilitates LTP induction in midbrain
    dopamine neurons
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GAMMA-VINYL GABA;
    FEEDFORWARD INHIBITION; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; VISUAL-CORTEX; ADDICTION;
    RAT; DRUGS; ABUSE
 AB Drugs of abuse are known to cause persistent modification of neural
    circuits, leading to addictive behaviours(1-5). Changes in synaptic
    plasticity in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) may
    contribute to circuit modification induced by many drugs of abuse,
    including cocaine(6-13). Here we report that, following repeated
    exposure to cocaine in vivo, excitatory synapses to rat VTA dopamine
    neurons become highly susceptible to the induction of long-term
    potentiation (LTP) by correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity. This
    facilitated LTP induction is caused by cocaine-induced reduction of
    GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptor- mediated inhibition of
    these dopamine neurons. In midbrain slices from rats treated with
    saline or a single dose of cocaine, LTP could not be induced in VTA
    dopamine neurons unless GABA-mediated inhibition was reduced by
    bicuculline or picrotoxin. However, LTP became readily inducible in
    slices from rats treated repeatedly with cocaine; this LTP induction
    was prevented by enhancing GABA-mediated inhibition using diazepam.
    Furthermore, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the amplitude of
    GABA-mediated synaptic currents and increased the probability of spike
    initiation in VTA dopamine neurons. This cocaine-induced enhancement of
    synaptic plasticity in the VTA may be important for the formation of
    drug-associated memory.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Div Neurobiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Poo, MM, Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Dept Mol &
    Cell Biol, Div Neurobiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM qsliu@berkeley.edu
    mpoo@berkeley.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1027
 EP 1031
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Calvano, SE
    Xiao, WZ
    Richards, DR
    Felciano, RM
    Baker, HV
    Cho, RJ
    Chen, RO
    Brownstein, BH
    Cobb, JP
    Tschoeke, SK
    Miller-Graziano, C
    Moldawer, LL
    Mindrinos, MN
    Davis, RW
    Tompkins, RG
    Lowry, SF
 CA Inflammation Host Response Injury
 TI A network-based analysis of systemic inflammation in humans
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION;
    ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE; CELL-DEATH; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; DYSFUNCTION;
    MICROARRAYS; PREDICTION; MECHANISM
 AB Oligonucleotide and complementary DNA microarrays are being used to
    subclassify histologically similar tumours, monitor disease progress,
    and individualize treatment regimens(1-5). However, extracting new
    biological insight from high-throughput genomic studies of human
    diseases is a challenge, limited by difficulties in recognizing and
    evaluating relevant biological processes from huge quantities of
    experimental data. Here we present a structured network knowledge-base
    approach to analyse genome-wide transcriptional responses in the
    context of known functional interrelationships among proteins, small
    molecules and phenotypes. This approach was used to analyse changes in
    blood leukocyte gene expression patterns in human subjects receiving an
    inflammatory stimulus ( bacterial endotoxin). We explore the known
    genome-wide interaction network to identify significant functional
    modules perturbed in response to this stimulus. Our analysis reveals
    that the human blood leukocyte response to acute systemic inflammation
    includes the transient dysregulation of leukocyte bioenergetics and
    modulation of translational machinery. These findings provide insight
    into the regulation of global leukocyte activities as they relate to
    innate immune system tolerance and increased susceptibility to
    infection in humans.
 C1 Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
    Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Surg, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
    Ingenuity Syst Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.
    Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
    Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
    Washington Univ, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
    Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
 RP Davis, RW, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
 EM dbowe@stanford.edu
 NR 24
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1032
 EP 1037
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Shi, QH
    King, RW
 TI Chromosome nondisjunction yields tetraploid rather than aneuploid cells
    in human cell lines
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MITOTIC CHECKPOINT; CYCLE PROGRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INSTABILITY;
    CANCER; CYTOKINESIS; MECHANISM; DIFFERENTIATION; INACTIVATION;
    SEGREGATION
 AB Although mutations in cell cycle regulators or spindle proteins can
    perturb chromosome segregation(1-7), the causes and consequences of
    spontaneous mitotic chromosome nondisjunction in human cells are not
    well understood. It has been assumed that nondisjunction of a
    chromosome during mitosis will yield two aneuploid daughter cells. Here
    we show that chromosome nondisjunction is tightly coupled to regulation
    of cytokinesis in human cell lines, such that nondisjunction results in
    the formation of tetraploid rather than aneuploid cells. We observed
    that spontaneously arising binucleated cells exhibited chromosome
    mis-segregation rates up to 166-fold higher than the overall mitotic
    population. Long-term imaging experiments indicated that most
    binucleated cells arose through a bipolar mitosis followed by
    regression of the cleavage furrow hours later. Nondisjunction occurred
    with high frequency in cells that became binucleated by furrow
    regression, but not in cells that completed cytokinesis to form two
    mononucleated cells. Our findings indicate that nondisjunction does not
    directly yield aneuploid cells, but rather tetraploid cells that may
    subsequently become aneuploid through further division. The coupling of
    spontaneous segregation errors to furrow regression provides a
    potential explanation for the prevalence of hyperdiploid chromosome
    number and centrosome amplification observed in many cancers(8,9).
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 RP King, RW, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, 240 Longwood Ave,
    Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 EM randy_king@hms.harvard.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1038
 EP 1042
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fujiwara, T
    Bandi, M
    Nitta, M
    Ivanova, EV
    Bronson, RT
    Pellman, D
 TI Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in
    p53-null cells
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CHROMOSOME INSTABILITY; TELOMERE DYSFUNCTION; CANCER
    PROGRESSION; GENOME INSTABILITY; P53; MODEL; TRANSLOCATIONS;
    SEGREGATION; SUPPRESSOR
 AB A long-standing hypothesis on tumorigenesis is that cell division
    failure, generating genetically unstable tetraploid cells, facilitates
    the development of aneuploid malignancies(1-3). Here we test this idea
    by transiently blocking cytokinesis in p53-null (p53(-/-)) mouse
    mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), enabling the isolation of diploid and
    tetraploid cultures. The tetraploid cells had an increase in the
    frequency of whole-chromosome mis-segregation and chromosomal
    rearrangements. Only the tetraploid cells were transformed in vitro
    after exposure to a carcinogen. Furthermore, in the absence of
    carcinogen, only the tetraploid cells gave rise to malignant mammary
    epithelial cancers when transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice.
    These tumours all contained numerous non-reciprocal translocations and
    an 8-30-fold amplification of a chromosomal region containing a cluster
    of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. MMP overexpression is linked
    to mammary tumours in humans and animal models(4). Thus, tetraploidy
    enhances the frequency of chromosomal alterations and promotes tumour
    development in p53(-/-) MMECs.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Tufts Univ, Sch Vet, Dept Biomed Sci, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA.
 RP Pellman, D, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Pediat
    Oncol, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 EM david_pellman@dfci.harvard.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1043
 EP 1047
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rauh, NR
    Schmidt, A
    Bormann, J
    Nigg, EA
    Mayer, TU
 TI Calcium triggers exit from meiosis II by targeting the APC/C inhibitor
    XErp1 for degradation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CYTOSTATIC FACTOR ARREST; XENOPUS EGG EXTRACTS; PROTEIN KINASE-II;
    METAPHASE; DESTRUCTION; UBIQUITIN; ANAPHASE; COMPLEX; FERTILIZATION;
    BINDING
 AB Vertebrate eggs awaiting fertilization are arrested at metaphase of
    meiosis II by a biochemical activity termed cytostatic factor
    (CSF)(1,2). This activity inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/
    cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that triggers anaphase onset and
    mitotic/meiotic exit by targeting securin and M-phase cyclins for
    destruction(3,4,5). On fertilization a transient rise in free
    intracellular calcium(6) causes release from CSF arrest and thus APC/C
    activation. Although it has previously been shown that calcium induces
    the release of APC/C from CSF inhibition through calmodulin-dependent
    protein kinase II ( CaMKII)(7,8), the relevant substrates of this
    kinase have not been identified. Recently, we characterized XErp1
    (Emi2), an inhibitor of the APC/C and key component of CSF activity in
    Xenopus egg extract(9). Here we show that calcium-activated CaMKII
    triggers exit from meiosis II by sensitizing the APC/C inhibitor XErp1
    for polo-like kinase 1 (Plx1)-dependent degradation. Phosphorylation of
    XErp1 by CaMKII leads to the recruitment of Plx1 that in turn triggers
    the destruction of XErp1 by phosphorylating a site known to serve as a
    phosphorylation-dependent degradation signal. These results provide a
    molecular explanation for how the fertilization-induced calcium
    increase triggers exit from meiosis II.
 C1 Max Planck Inst Biochem, Independent Res Grp, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
    Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Cell Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
 RP Mayer, TU, Max Planck Inst Biochem, Independent Res Grp, Klopferspitz
    18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
 EM mayer@biochem.mpg.de
 NR 22
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1048
 EP 1052
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Religa, TL
    Markson, JS
    Mayor, U
    Freund, SMV
    Fersht, AR
 TI Solution structure of a protein denatured state and folding intermediate
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LONG-RANGE STRUCTURE; PARAMAGNETIC RELAXATION; STAPHYLOCOCCAL NUCLEASE;
    ENGRAILED HOMEODOMAIN; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; SH3 DOMAIN; NMR; PATHWAY
 AB The most controversial area in protein folding concerns its earliest
    stages. Questions such as whether there are genuine folding
    intermediates, and whether the events at the earliest stages are just
    rearrangements of the denatured state(1) or progress from populated
    transition states(2), remain unresolved. The problem is that there is a
    lack of experimental high-resolution structural information about early
    folding intermediates and denatured states under conditions that favour
    folding because competent states spontaneously fold rapidly. Here we
    have solved directly the solution structure of a true denatured state
    by nuclear magnetic resonance under conditions that would normally
    favour folding, and directly studied its equilibrium and kinetic
    behaviour. We engineered a mutant of Drosophila melanogaster Engrailed
    homeodomain that folds and unfolds reversibly just by changing ionic
    strength. At high ionic strength, the mutant L16A is an ultra-fast
    folding native protein, just like the wild-type protein; however, at
    physiological ionic strength it is denatured. The denatured state is a
    well-ordered folding intermediate, poised to fold by docking helices
    and breaking some non-native interactions. It unfolds relatively
    progressively with increasingly denaturing conditions, and so
    superficially resembles a denatured state with properties that vary
    with conditions. Such ill-defined unfolding is a common feature of
    early folding intermediate states and accounts for why there are so
    many controversies about intermediates versus compact denatured states
    in protein folding.
 C1 MRC Ctr, Ctr Prot Engn, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England.
    Univ Cambridge, MRC Ctr, Chem Labs, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England.
 RP Fersht, AR, MRC Ctr, Ctr Prot Engn, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 2QH,
    England.
 EM arf25@cam.ac.uk
 NR 24
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1053
 EP 1056
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zhang, JZ
    Zhao, YS
 TI Formation of zirconium metallic glass (vol 430, pg 332, 2004)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1057
 EP 1057
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mclaughlin, AC
    Sher, F
    Attfield, JP
 TI Negative lattice expansion from the
    superconductivity-antiferromagnetism crossover in ruthenium copper
    oxides (vol 436, pg 829, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 13
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7061
 BP 1057
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 GA 973AU
 UT ISI:000232496100053
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 PT J
 AU Schramke, V
    Sheedy, DM
    Denli, AM
    Bonila, C
    Ekwall, K
    Hannon, GJ
    Allshire, RC
 TI RNA-interference-directed chromatin modification coupled to RNA
    polymerase II transcription (vol 435, pg 1275, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 973AU
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 AU Buckell, TS
 TI Toy planes - Time to leave.
 SO NATURE
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 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 GA 973AU
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 AU [Anon]
 TI Reaching for the Moon
 SO NATURE
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 AU [Anon]
 TI In need of rehab
 SO NATURE
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 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 AU [Anon]
 TI Welcome Nature Physics
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 AU von Bubnoff, A
 TI The 1918 flu virus is resurrected
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The 1918 human influenza virus has been resurrected by scientists
    investigating the virus, how it arose and why it was so deadly. However
    many are concernedthat the dangers of resurrecting the virus are too
    great and the publication of the full genome sequence gives any rogue
    nation or bioterrorist group all the information they need to make
    their own version of the virus. Researchers will benefit from this
    information by being able to spot the next pandemic strain and design
    appropriate drugs and vaccines in time. Further research will involve
    testing reconstructed viruses with and without certain mutations to see
    which are the most important for virulence.
 NR 1
 TC 2
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU Cyranoski, D
 TI Japan jumps towards personalized medicine
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Japanese scientists claim they have developed a desktop machine that
    will allow doctors to assess patients DNA from a single drop of blood
    and so tailor treatment to an individuals genes. The machine will first
    be tested on patients being prescribed the antibody irinotecan or the
    anticoagulant warfarin. Howeversuch personalized medicine is still far
    from being available and the machine may be more useful in research.
 NR 0
 TC 1
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU Witze, A
 TI Q marks the spot as ancient sculptures yield their origins
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
 TI Electric current captures top sperm
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB A new method using electrophoresis has been developed to separate sperm
    from semen. An electric current is used to draw negatively charged
    sperm across a membrane leaving the unwanted portion behind. It is
    hoped that this method will help couples conceive following failure in
    other in vitro fertilization techniques.
 NR 1
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232338600007
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 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
 TI Australia mooted as dump for world's nuclear waste
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Australia, one of the worlds largest uranium suppliers, has been
    suggested as the site for nuclear waste disposal. Overseas
    nuclear-power users would pay todispose of waste material on Australian
    shores where it would then be transported to sparsely populated regions
    of Western Australia. Environmentalists areconcerned about the
    consequences following accidents transporting such volumes of nuclear
    waste.
 NR 0
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 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Physics prize puts spotlight on optics
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232338600009
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 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI California prepares to roll out stem-cell funding
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine has been unable to
    issue grant money it was awarded for stem-cell research due to ongoing
    legal battles, but it now starting the process of allocating funds to
    research and training programs. Despite the fact that no money is yet
    available, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles will
    soon announce plans for a large new building devoted to stem-cell
    research. Elsewhere young researchers and senior faculty members are
    considering moving to California in search of research funds.
 NR 1
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 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232338600010
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 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Gut feeling secures medical Nobel for Australian doctors
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Barry Marshall and Robin Warren have won this year's Nobel Prize in
    Medicine or Physiology for discovering that most stomach ulcers are
    caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. For a long time
    gastroenterologists resisted the idea, the stomach was thought to be
    too acidic to host bacteria. It is now accepted that most gastric
    ulcers are caused by the bacterium, it is usually acquiredin childhood,
    it then lies dormant until adulthood.
 NR 0
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 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU Chipman, A
 TI Fatal attraction (vol 436, pg 624, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Langleben, D
 TI Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientist (vol 437,
    pg 457, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Qiu, J
 TI Flight of the navigators
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The Arctic is a unique testing ground for studying how birds navigate
    long distances, one of ornithology's greatest mysteries. Birds use a
    number of different navigational cues, the Earth's magnetic field, the
    landscape and the position of the Sun and stars. Studies on bird
    navigation will have implications forpreventing or containing animal
    based epidemics such as avian influenza.
 NR 4
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 UT ISI:000232338600014
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 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI Chemical reaction
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232338600015
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 PT J
 AU Cyranoski, D
 TI Paper chase
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID OLFACTORY ENSHEATHING CELLS; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY; TRANSPLANTATION; GLIA
 AB Hongyun Huang, a Beijing neurosurgeon, transplants olfactory
    ensheathing cellsinto the brains of patients with neurological
    disorders. Patient results and views on this scientifically unproven
    and expensive therapy are mixed. Westernmedical journals refuse to
    publish Hongyun Huang's findings as he uses video-patient testimonials
    as his research validation instead of proven scientific methods.
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 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600016
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 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Innovation endgame
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 PT J
 AU May, R
 TI Media should campaign on the basis of facts
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Royal Soc, London SW1Y 5AG, England.
 RP May, R, Royal Soc, 6-9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600018
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 PT J
 AU Primorac, D
 TI No evidence for Croatian race claims
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Minist Sci Educ & Sports, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
 RP Primorac, D, Minist Sci Educ & Sports, Trg Hrvatskih Velikana 6, Zagreb
    10000, Croatia.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600019
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 PT J
 AU Larner, SF
 TI Katrina: don't blame the Bush administration
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury Studies, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
 RP Larner, SF, Univ Florida, McKnight Brain Inst, Ctr Traumat Brain Injury
    Studies, Dept Neurosci, Box 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600020
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 PT J
 AU Chaiken, A
 TI Katrina revealed need for reform. Let's not forget
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 RP Chaiken, A, 47 Esparito Ave, Fremont, CA 94539 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brooke, JH
 TI The evolution-creation struggle
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Oxford, Harris Manchester Coll, Oxford OX1 3TD, England.
 RP Brooke, JH, Univ Oxford, Harris Manchester Coll, Oxford OX1 3TD,
    England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600022
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 PT J
 AU Ralston, A
 TI Electronic brains: Stories from the dawn of the computer age
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
 RP Ralston, A, Flat 4,58 Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BE, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gregory, RL
 TI Action in perception
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TN, Avon, England.
 RP Gregory, RL, Univ Bristol, Dept Expt Psychol, Bristol BS8 1TN, Avon,
    England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Davies, P
 TI A quantum recipe for life
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
 RP Davies, P, Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109,
    Australia.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Blaylock, B
    Schneewind, O
 TI Microbiology - Loading the type III cannon
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID FLAGELLAR EXPORT APPARATUS; MEMBRANE ATPASE; CHAPERONE; SALMONELLA;
    COMPLEX
 C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
 RP Blaylock, B, Univ Chicago, Dept Microbiol, 920 E 58th St, Chicago, IL
    60637 USA.
 EM oschnee@bsd.uchicago.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
 IS 7060
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Piro, L
 TI Astrophysics - Short-burst sources
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; SHORT-DURATION; EMISSION
 C1 INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
 RP Piro, L, INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, Via Fosso del
    Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
 EM piro@rm.iasf.cnr.it
 NR 12
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600027
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 PT J
 AU Sanders, IR
 TI Microbiology - Conspirators in blight
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
 RP Sanders, IR, Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Biol Bldg, CH-1015
    Lausanne, Switzerland.
 EM ian.sanders@unil.ch
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600028
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 PT J
 AU Kramer, EJ
 TI Condensed-matter physics - Melted by mistakes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID QUASI-2-DIMENSIONAL COLLOID SUSPENSION; 2 DIMENSIONS;
    PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDER
 C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
    Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
 RP Kramer, EJ, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, 2-1361C, Santa Barbara,
    CA 93106 USA.
 EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu
 NR 17
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Sims, DW
 TI Ecology - Stars beneath the waves
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
 RP Sims, DW, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom Lab, Citadel Hill, Plymouth
    PL1 2PB, Devon, England.
 EM dws@mba.ac.uk
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600030
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 PT J
 AU Des Marais, DJ
 TI Palaeobiology - Sea change in sediments
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION
 C1 NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
    NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
 RP Des Marais, DJ, NASA, Exobiol Branch, Ames Res Ctr, MS 239-4, Moffett
    Field, CA 94035 USA.
 EM david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov
 NR 9
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600031
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 PT J
 AU Mestel, L
 TI Hermann Bondi (1919-2005) - Obituary
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Biographical-Item
 C1 Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England.
 RP Mestel, L, Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England.
 EM lmestel@sussex.ac.uk
 NR 0
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232338600032
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 PT J
 AU Nanork, P
    Paar, J
    Chapman, NC
    Wongsiri, S
    Oldroyd, BP
 TI Asian honeybees parasitize the future dead
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID COLONIES
 C1 Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
    Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
    Mahasarakham Univ, Dept Biol, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand.
 RP Nanork, P, Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
 EM boldroyd@bio.usyd.edu.au
 NR 5
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600033
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 PT J
 AU Gomberg, J
    Johnson, P
 TI Seismology - Dynamic triggering of earthquakes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DEFORMATIONS
 C1 US Geol Survey, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
 RP Gomberg, J, US Geol Survey, Suite 2, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
 EM gomberg@usgs.gov
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 830
 EP 830
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yan, N
    Chai, JJ
    Lee, ES
    Gu, LC
    Liu, Q
    He, JQ
    Wu, JW
    Kokel, D
    Li, HL
    Hao, Q
    Xue, D
    Shi, YG
 TI Structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex provides insights into programmed
    cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID REGULATORS CED-9; PROTEIN CED-9; ENCODES; EGL-1; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS;
    CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; OLIGOMERIZATION; RECOGNITION; ASSOCIATION
 AB Interplay among four genes - egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3 - controls
    the onset of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis
    elegans. Activation of the cell-killing protease CED-3 requires CED-4.
    However, CED-4 is constitutively inhibited by CED-9 until its release
    by EGL-1. Here we report the crystal structure of the CED-4 - CED-9
    complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution, and a complete reconstitution of
    the CED-3 activation pathway using homogeneous proteins of CED-4, CED-9
    and EGL-1. One molecule of CED-9 binds to an asymmetric dimer of CED-4,
    but specifically recognizes only one of the two CED-4 molecules. This
    specific interaction prevents CED-4 from activating CED-3. EGL-1
    binding induces pronounced conformational changes in CED-9 that result
    in the dissociation of the CED-4 dimer from CED-9. The released CED-4
    dimer further dimerizes to form a tetramer, which facilitates the
    autoactivation of CED-3. Together, our studies provide important
    insights into the regulation of cell death activation in C. elegans.
 C1 Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
    Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
    Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Kwangju 500712, South Korea.
    Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
    Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
 RP Shi, YG, Princeton Univ, Lewis Thomas Lab, Dept Mol Biol, Washington
    Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 EM yshi@molbio.princeton.edu
 NR 40
 TC 1
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 831
 EP 837
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Higgins, LJ
    Yan, F
    Liu, PH
    Liu, HW
    Drennan, CL
 TI Structural insight into antibiotic fosfomycin biosynthesis by a
    mononuclear iron enzyme
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID (S)-2-HYDROXYPROPYLPHOSPHONIC ACID EPOXIDASE; SUPERFAMILY; SUBSTRATE;
    DIOXYGENASE; COMPLEX; CUPINS; TAUD
 AB The biosynthetic pathway of the clinically important antibiotic
    fosfomycin uses enzymes that catalyse reactions without precedent in
    biology. Among these is hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase, which
    represents a new subfamily of non-haem mononuclear iron enzymes. Here
    we present six X-ray structures of this enzyme: the apoenzyme at 2.0
    angstrom resolution; a native Fe(II)-bound form at 2.4 angstrom
    resolution; a tris( hydroxymethyl) aminomethane - Co( II)- enzyme
    complex structure at 1.8 angstrom resolution; a substrate - Co( II)-
    enzyme complex structure at 2.5 angstrom resolution; and two substrate
    - Fe( II)enzyme complexes at 2.1 and 2.3 angstrom resolution. These
    structural data lead us to suggest how this enzyme is able to recognize
    and respond to its substrate with a conformational change that protects
    the radical-based intermediates formed during catalysis. Comparisons
    with other family members suggest why substrate binding is able to
    prime iron for dioxygen binding in the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate (
    a co-substrate required by many mononuclear iron enzymes), and how the
    unique epoxidation reaction of hydroxypropylphosphonic acid epoxidase
    may occur.
 C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
 RP Higgins, LJ, MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 NR 31
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 838
 EP 844
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fox, DB
    Frail, DA
    Price, PA
    Kulkarni, SR
    Berger, E
    Piran, T
    Soderberg, AM
    Cenko, SB
    Cameron, PB
    Gal-Yam, A
    Kasliwal, MM
    Moon, DS
    Harrison, FA
    Nakar, E
    Schmidt, BP
    Penprase, B
    Chevalier, RA
    Kumar, P
    Roth, K
    Watson, D
    Lee, BL
    Shectman, S
    Phillips, MM
    Roth, M
    McCarthy, PJ
    Rauch, M
    Cowie, L
    Peterson, BA
    Rich, J
    Kawai, N
    Aoki, K
    Kosugi, G
    Totani, T
    Park, HS
    MacFadyen, A
    Hurley, KC
 TI The afterglow of GRB 050709 and the nature of the short-hard gamma-ray
    bursts
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 25 APRIL 1998; UNUSUAL SUPERNOVA; SHORT-DURATION; EMISSION; MERGERS;
    IMAGES; ENERGY; STARS; LONG
 AB The final chapter in the long-standing mystery of the gamma-ray bursts
    (GRBs) centres on the origin of the short-hard class of bursts, which
    are suspected on theoretical grounds to result from the coalescence of
    neutron-star or black-hole binary systems. Numerous searches for the
    afterglows of short-hard bursts have been made, galvanized by the
    revolution in our understanding of long-duration GRBs that followed the
    discovery in 1997 of their broadband (X-ray, optical and radio)
    afterglow emission. Here we present the discovery of the X-ray
    afterglow of a short-hard burst, GRB 050709, whose accurate position
    allows us to associate it unambiguously with a star-forming galaxy at
    redshift z = 0.160, and whose optical lightcurve definitively excludes
    a supernova association. Together with results from three other recent
    short-hard bursts, this suggests that short-hard bursts release much
    less energy than the long-duration GRBs. Models requiring young stellar
    populations, such as magnetars and collapsars, are ruled out, while
    coalescing degenerate binaries remain the most promising progenitor
    candidates.
 C1 Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
    CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
    Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
    Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
    Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
    Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
    Pomona Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA.
    Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
    Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78731 USA.
    Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
    Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
    Kyoto Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
    Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
    Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Frail, DA, Natl Radio Astron Observ, POB O, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
 EM dfox@astro.psu.edu
    dfrail@nrao.edu
 NR 43
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 845
 EP 850
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gehrels, N
    Sarazin, CL
    O'Brien, PT
    Zhang, B
    Barbier, L
    Barthelmy, SD
    Blustin, A
    Burrows, DN
    Cannizzo, J
    Cummings, JR
    Goad, M
    Holland, ST
    Hurkett, CP
    Kennea, JA
    Levan, A
    Markwardt, CB
    Mason, KO
    Meszaros, P
    Page, M
    Palmer, DM
    Rol, E
    Sakamoto, T
    Willingale, R
    Angelini, L
    Beardmore, A
    Boyd, PT
    Breeveld, A
    Campana, S
    Chester, MM
    Chincarini, G
    Cominsky, LR
    Cusumano, G
    de Pasquale, M
    Fenimore, EE
    Giommi, P
    Gronwall, C
    Grupe, D
    Hill, JE
    Hinshaw, D
    Hjorth, J
    Hullinger, D
    Hurley, KC
    Klose, S
    Kobayashi, S
    Kouveliotou, C
    Krimm, HA
    Mangano, V
    Marshall, FE
    McGowan, K
    Moretti, A
    Mushotzky, RF
    Nakazawa, K
    Norris, JP
    Nousek, JA
    Osborne, JP
    Page, K
    Parsons, AM
    Patel, S
    Perri, M
    Poole, T
    Romano, P
    Roming, PWA
    Rosen, S
    Sato, G
    Schady, P
    Smale, AP
    Sollerman, J
    Starling, R
    Still, M
    Suzuki, M
    Tagliaferri, G
    Takahashi, T
    Tashiro, M
    Tueller, J
    Wells, AA
    White, NE
    Wijers, RAMJ
 TI A short gamma-ray burst apparently associated with an elliptical galaxy
    at redshift z=0.225
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SHORT-DURATION; NEUTRON-STARS; AFTERGLOWS; SGR-1806-20; BINARIES; FLARE
 AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) come in two classes(1): long (> 2 s),
    soft-spectrum bursts and short, hard events. Most progress has been
    made on understanding the long GRBs, which are typically observed at
    high redshift ( z approximate to 1) and found in subluminous
    star-forming host galaxies. They are likely to be produced in
    core-collapse explosions of massive stars(2). In contrast, no short GRB
    had been accurately (< 1000) and rapidly ( minutes) located. Here we
    report the detection of the X-ray afterglow from - and the localization
    of - the short burst GRB 050509B. Its position on the sky is near a
    luminous, non-star-forming elliptical galaxy at a redshift of 0.225,
    which is the location one would expect(3,4) if the origin of this GRB
    is through the merger of neutron-star or blackhole binaries. The X-ray
    afterglow was weak and faded below the detection limit within a few
    hours; no optical afterglow was detected to stringent limits,
    explaining the past difficulty in localizing short GRBs.
 C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
    Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
    Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
    Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
    Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
    CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA.
    Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
    INAF, Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy.
    Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy.
    Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA.
    INAF, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Cosm, I-90146 Palermo, Italy.
    ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
    SP Syst Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.
    Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany.
    NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
    JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.
    Univ Space Res Assoc, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
    NASA Headquarters, Off Space Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA.
    Stockholm Observ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Sakura, Saitama 3388570, Japan.
 RP Gehrels, N, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
 EM gehrels@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 851
 EP 854
 PG 4
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Villasenor, JS
    Lamb, DQ
    Ricker, GR
    Atteia, JL
    Kawai, N
    Butler, N
    Nakagawa, Y
    Jernigan, JG
    Boer, M
    Crew, GB
    Donaghy, TQ
    Doty, J
    Fenimore, EE
    Galassi, M
    Graziani, C
    Hurley, K
    Levine, A
    Martel, F
    Matsuoka, M
    Olive, JF
    Prigozhin, G
    Sakamoto, T
    Shirasaki, Y
    Suzuki, M
    Tamagawa, T
    Vanderspek, R
    Woosley, SE
    Yoshida, A
    Braga, J
    Manchanda, R
    Pizzichini, G
    Takagishi, K
    Yamauchi, M
 TI Discovery of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; SGR-1806-20; AFTERGLOW; SPECTRA; FLARE
 AB Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) fall into two classes: short-hard and long-soft
    bursts(1-3). The latter are now known to have X-ray(4) and optical(5)
    afterglows, to occur at cosmological distances(6) in star-forming
    galaxies(7), and to be associated with the explosion of massive
    stars(8,9). In contrast, the distance scale, the energy scale and the
    progenitors of the short bursts have remained a mystery. Here we report
    the discovery of a short-hard burst whose accurate localization has led
    to follow-up observations that have identified the X-ray afterglow(10)
    and ( for the first time) the optical afterglow(10,11) of a short-hard
    burst; this in turn led to the identification of the host galaxy of the
    burst as a late-type galaxy at z = 0.16 (ref. 10). These results show
    that at least some short-hard bursts occur at cosmological distances in
    the outskirts of galaxies, and are likely to be caused by the merging
    of compact binaries.
 C1 MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
    Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan.
    Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Observ Midi Pyrenees, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France.
    Noqsi Aerosp Ltd, Pine, CO 80470 USA.
    Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
    Espace Inc, Hull, MA 02045 USA.
    Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
    Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan.
    RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
    Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil.
    Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India.
    INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
    Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan.
 RP Ricker, GR, MIT, Kavli Inst, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM jsvilla@space.mit.edu
    grr@space.mit.edu
 NR 28
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD OCT 6
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 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 855
 EP 858
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hjorth, J
    Watson, D
    Fynbo, JPU
    Price, PA
    Jensen, BL
    Jorgensen, UG
    Kubas, D
    Gorosabel, J
    Jakobsson, P
    Sollerman, J
    Pedersen, K
    Kouveliotou, C
 TI The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 28 FEBRUARY 1997; HOST GALAXIES; ERROR BOX; SUPERNOVA; PROGENITORS;
    CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERY; PROSPECTS; SPECTRA; MODEL
 AB It has long been known that there are two classes(1) of gamma-ray
    bursts (GRBs), mainly distinguished by their durations. The
    breakthrough in our understanding of long-duration GRBs ( those lasting
    more than similar to 2 s), which ultimately linked them with energetic
    type Ic supernovae(2-4), came from the discovery of their long-lived
    X-ray(5) and optical(6,7) 'afterglows', when precise and rapid
    localizations of the sources could finally be obtained. X-ray
    localizations have recently become available(8,9) for short ( duration
    < 2 s) GRBs, which have evaded optical detection for more than 30
    years. Here we report the first discovery of transient optical emission
    (R-band magnitude similar to 23) associated with a short burst: GRB
    050709. The optical afterglow was localized with subarcsecond accuracy,
    and lies in the outskirts of a blue dwarf galaxy. The optical and
    X-ray(10) afterglow properties 34 h after the GRB are reminiscent of
    the afterglows of long GRBs, which are attributable to synchrotron
    emission from ultrarelativistic ejecta. We did not, however, detect a
    supernova, as found in most nearby long GRB afterglows, which suggests
    a different origin for the short GRBs.
 C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
    European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile.
    CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
 RP Hjorth, J, Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, Juliane
    Maries Vej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
 EM jens@astro.ku.dk
 NR 26
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 859
 EP 861
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dreyfus, R
    Baudry, J
    Roper, ML
    Fermigier, M
    Stone, HA
    Bibette, J
 TI Microscopic artificial swimmers
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ROD-LIKE CHAINS; DRIVEN MICROFILAMENTS; FRICTION
    COEFFICIENT; FILAMENTS; DYNAMICS; PROPULSION; SPHERES; FLUID
 AB Microorganisms such as bacteria and many eukaryotic cells propel
    themselves with hair-like structures known as flagella, which can
    exhibit a variety of structures and movement patterns(1). For example,
    bacterial flagella are helically shaped(2) and driven at their bases by
    a reversible rotary engine(3), which rotates the attached flagellum to
    give a motion similar to that of a corkscrew. In contrast, eukaryotic
    cells use flagella that resemble elastic rods(4) and exhibit a beating
    motion: internally generated stresses give rise to a series of bends
    that propagate towards the tip(5-7). In contrast to this variety of
    swimming strategies encountered in nature, a controlled swimming motion
    of artificial micrometre-sized structures has not yet been realized.
    Here we show that a linear chain of colloidal magnetic particles linked
    by DNA and attached to a red blood cell can act as a flexible
    artificial flagellum. The filament aligns with an external
    uniformmagnetic field and is readily actuated by oscillating a
    transverse field. We find that the actuation induces a beating pattern
    that propels the structure, and that the external fields can be
    adjusted to control the velocity and the direction of motion.
 C1 Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, CNRS,UMR 7612, Lab Colloides & Mat Div, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Ecole Super Phys & Chim Ind Ville Paris, CNRS, UMR 7636, Lab Phys & mecan Milieux Heterogenes, F-75005 Paris, France.
 RP Dreyfus, R, Univ Paris 06, ESPCI, CNRS,UMR 7612, Lab Colloides & Mat
    Div, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
 EM remi.dreyfus@espci.fr
 NR 26
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 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 862
 EP 865
 PG 4
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 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brocks, JJ
    Love, GD
    Summons, RE
    Knoll, AH
    Logan, GA
    Bowden, SA
 TI Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a
    stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PROTEROZOIC OCEAN CHEMISTRY; MCARTHUR BASIN; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA;
    PETROLEUM GEOLOGY; GEOCHEMISTRY; SULFATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SEDIMENTS;
    ANOXIA; ROCK
 AB The disappearance of iron formations from the geological record similar
    to 1.8 billion years (Gyr) ago was the consequence of rising oxygen
    levels in the atmosphere starting 2.45 - 2.32 Gyr ago(1-3). It marks
    the end of a 2.5-Gyr period dominated by anoxic and iron-rich deep
    oceans. However, despite rising oxygen levels and a concomitant
    increase in marine sulphate concentration, related to enhanced sulphide
    oxidation during continental weathering(4), the chemistry of the oceans
    in the following mid-Proterozoic interval (similar to 1.8 - 0.8 Gyr
    ago) probably did not yet resemble our oxygen-rich modern oceans.
    Recent data(5-8) indicate that marine oxygen and sulphate
    concentrations may have remained well below current levels during this
    period, with one model indicating that anoxic and sulphidic marine
    basins were widespread, and perhaps even globally distributed(4). Here
    we present hydrocarbon biomarkers ( molecular fossils) from a
    1.64-Gyr-old basin in northern Australia, revealing the ecological
    structure of mid-Proterozoic marine communities. The biomarkers signify
    a marine basin with anoxic, sulphidic, sulphate-poor and permanently
    stratified deep waters, hostile to eukaryotic algae. Phototrophic
    purple sulphur bacteria ( Chromatiaceae) were detected in the
    geological record based on the new carotenoid biomarker okenane, and
    they seem to have co-existed with communities of green sulphur bacteria
    ( Chlorobiaceae). Collectively, the biomarkers support mounting
    evidence for a long-lasting Proterozoic world in which oxygen levels
    remained well below modern levels.
 C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
    MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Macquarie Univ, Australian Ctr Astrobiol, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
    Geosci Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
    Univ Aberdeen, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland.
 RP Brocks, JJ, Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT
    0200, Australia.
 EM jochen.brocks@anu.edu.au
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 866
 EP 870
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Johnson, PA
    Jiz, XP
 TI Nonlinear dynamics, granular media and dynamic earthquake triggering
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SLOW DYNAMICS; STRESS-FIELD; DEFORMATIONS; SEISMICITY; CALIFORNIA;
    ELASTICITY; TRANSIENT; LANDERS; ZONE
 AB The 1992 magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake triggered an exceptional
    number of additional earthquakes within California and as far north as
    Yellowstone and Montana(1-3). Since this observation, other large
    earthquakes have been shown to induce dynamic triggering at remote
    distances - for example, after the 1999 magnitude 7.1 Hector Mine(1)
    and the 2002 magnitude 7.9 Denali(4) earthquakes - and in the
    near-field as aftershocks(5). The physical origin of dynamic
    triggering, however, remains one of the least understood aspects of
    earthquake nucleation(1-5). The dynamic strain amplitudes from a large
    earthquake are exceedingly small once the waves have propagated more
    than several fault radii. For example, a strain wave amplitude of
    10(-6) and wavelength 1 m corresponds to a displacement amplitude of
    about 10(-7) m. Here we show that the dynamic, elastic-nonlinear
    behaviour of fault gouge perturbed by a seismic wave may trigger
    earthquakes, even with such small strains. We base our hypothesis on
    recent laboratory dynamic experiments conducted in granular media, a
    fault gouge surrogate(6,7). From these we infer that, if the fault is
    weak(8-10), seismic waves cause the fault core modulus to decrease
    abruptly and weaken further. If the fault is already near failure, this
    process could therefore induce fault slip.
 C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
    Univ Marne la Vallee, CNRS, UMR 8108, Lab Phys Mat Divises & Interfaces, F-77454 Marne La Vallee, France.
 RP Johnson, PA, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, MS D443, Los
    Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
 EM paj@lanl.gov
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 871
 EP 874
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wang, XL
    Kellner, AWA
    Zhou, ZH
    Campos, DD
 TI Pterosaur diversity and faunal turnover in Cretaceous terrestrial
    ecosystems in China
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID INNER-MONGOLIA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY
 AB New specimens and an analysis of the Jehol pterosaur faunae of
    northeastern China show an unexpected diversity of flying reptile
    groups in terrestrial Cretaceous ecosystems(1-4). Here we report two
    new pterosaurs that are referred to European groups previously unknown
    in deposits of northeastern China. Feilongus youngi, from the Yixian
    Formation(1,3), is closely related to the Gallodactylidae(5-6) and is
    distinguished by the presence of two independent sagittal crests and a
    protruding upper jaw. Nurhachius ignaciobritoi, from the Jiufotang
    Formation(2,3), has teeth formed by labiolingually compressed
    triangular crowns, only previously reported in Istiodactylus
    latidens(7) from England. With these new discoveries, the Jehol
    pterosaurs show a wide range of groups including both primitive and
    derived forms that are not matched by any other deposit in the world.
    The discoveries also document the turnover of pterosaur faunae, with
    the primitive Anurognathidae and early archaeopterodactyloids being
    replaced by derived pterodactyloids. Furthermore, these deposits offer
    an opportunity to examine the interaction and competition between birds
    and pterosaurs - it indicates that the avian fauna during the Lower
    Cretaceous ( and possibly most of the Mesozoic) dominated terrestrial,
    inland regions, whereas pterosaurs were more abundant in coastal areas.
 C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
    Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacl, Dept Geol & Paleontol, Paleovertebrate Sector, BR-20940040 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
    Museu Ciencias Terra, Dept Nacl Prod Mineral, BR-22290240 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
 RP Wang, XL, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol,
    POB 643, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
 EM xlinwang@263.net
    kellner@acd.ufrj.br
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 875
 EP 879
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Knight, TM
    McCoy, MW
    Chase, JM
    McCoy, KA
    Holt, RD
 TI Trophic cascades across ecosystems
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID FOOD WEBS; PREDATOR; TERRESTRIAL; VISITATION; DIVERSITY; SUBSIDIES;
    ECOLOGY; PREY
 AB Predation can be intense, creating strong direct and indirect effects
    throughout food webs(1-4). In addition, ecologists increasingly
    recognize that fluxes of organisms across ecosystem boundaries can have
    major consequences for community dynamics(5,6). Species with complex
    life histories often shift habitats during their life cycles(7) and
    provide potent conduits coupling ecosystems(5,6). Thus, local
    interactions that affect predator abundance in one ecosystem ( for
    example a larval habitat) may have reverberating effects in another (
    for example an adult habitat). Here we show that fish indirectly
    facilitate terrestrial plant reproduction through cascading trophic
    interactions across ecosystem boundaries. Fish reduce larval dragonfly
    abundances in ponds, leading to fewer adult dragonflies nearby. Adult
    dragonflies consume insect pollinators and alter their foraging
    behaviour. As a result, plants near ponds with fish receive more
    pollinator visits and are less pollen limited than plants near
    fish-free ponds. Our results confirm that strong species interactions
    can reverberate across ecosystems, and emphasize the importance of
    landscape-level processes in driving local species interactions.
 C1 Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
    Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
 RP Knight, TM, Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
 EM tknight@biology2.wustl.edu
 NR 28
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 880
 EP 883
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Partida-Martinez, LP
    Hertweck, C
 TI Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MACROCYCLIC LACTONE ANTIBIOTICS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES;
    RHIZOPUS-CHINENSIS; GENE-CLUSTER; RHIZOXIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYMBIONT;
    BURKHOLDERIA; METABOLITE; AGENTS
 AB A number of plant pathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Rhizopus are
    infamous for causing rice seedling blight. This plant disease is
    typically initiated by an abnormal swelling of the seedling roots
    without any sign of infection by the pathogen(1-4). This characteristic
    symptom is in fact caused by the macrocyclic polyketide metabolite
    rhizoxin that has been isolated from cultures of Rhizopus sp.(5,6). The
    phytotoxin exerts its destructive effect by binding to rice
    beta-tubulin, which results in inhibition of mitosis and cell cycle
    arrest(7,8). Owing to its remarkably strong antimitotic activity in
    most eukaryotic cells, including various human cancer cell lines,
    rhizoxin has attracted considerable interest as a potential antitumour
    drug(9,10). Here we show that rhizoxin is not biosynthesized by the
    fungus itself, but by endosymbiotic, that is, intracellular living,
    bacteria of the genus Burkholderia. Our unexpected findings unveil a
    remarkably complex symbiotic-pathogenic relationship that extends the
    fungus - plant interaction to a third, bacterial, key-player, and opens
    new perspectives for pest control.
 C1 HKI, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
 RP Hertweck, C, HKI, Leibniz Inst Nat Prod Res & Infect Biol,
    Beutenbergstr 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
 EM Christian.Hertweck@hki-jena.de
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 884
 EP 888
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Taubenberger, JK
    Reid, AH
    Lourens, RM
    Wang, RX
    Jin, GZ
    Fanning, TG
 TI Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID A VIRUS; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; RNA-POLYMERASE; AMINO-ACID; HEMAGGLUTININ;
    PROTEIN; ORIGIN; PATHOGENICITY; SEGMENT; SITES
 AB The influenza A viral heterotrimeric polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2)
    is known to be involved in many aspects of viral replication and to
    interact with host factors(1), thereby having a role in host
    specificity(2,3). The polymerase protein sequences from the 1918 human
    influenza virus differ from avian consensus sequences at only a small
    number of amino acids, consistent with the hypothesis that they were
    derived from an avian source shortly before the pandemic. However, when
    compared to avian sequences, the nucleotide sequences of the 1918
    polymerase genes have more synonymous differences than expected,
    suggesting evolutionary distance from known avian strains. Here we
    present sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome of
    the 1918 influenza virus(4-8), and propose that the 1918 virus was not
    a reassortant virus ( like those of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics(9,10)),
    but more likely an entirely avian-like virus that adapted to humans.
    These data support prior phylogenetic studies suggesting that the 1918
    virus was derived from an avian source(11). A total of ten amino acid
    changes in the polymerase proteins consistently differentiate the 1918
    and subsequent human influenza virus sequences from avian virus
    sequences. Notably, a number of the same changes have been found in
    recently circulating, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses that have caused
    illness and death in humans and are feared to be the precursors of a
    new influenza pandemic. The sequence changes identified here may be
    important in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans.
 C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
 RP Taubenberger, JK, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Mol Pathol, Rockville,
    MD 20850 USA.
 EM taubenberger@afip.osd.mil
 NR 30
 TC 3
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 889
 EP 893
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ahn, S
    Joyner, AL
 TI In vivo analysis of quiescent adult neural stem cells responding to
    Sonic hedgehog
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MAMMALIAN BRAIN; PROGENITOR PROLIFERATION; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; DENTATE
    GYRUS; HIPPOCAMPUS; PRECURSORS; NEURONS; NEUROGENESIS; REGENERATION;
    ASTROCYTES
 AB Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has been implicated in the ongoing neurogenesis in
    postnatal rodent brains(1,2). Here we adopted an in vivo genetic
    fate-mapping strategy, using Gli1 (GLI-Kruppel family member) as a
    sensitive readout of Shh activity, to systematically mark and follow
    the fate of Shh-responding cells in the adult mouse forebrain. We show
    that initially, only a small population of cells ( including both
    quiescent neural stem cells and transit-amplifying cells) responds to
    Shh in regions undergoing neurogenesis. This population subsequently
    expands markedly to continuously provide new neurons in the forebrain.
    Our study of the behaviour of quiescent neural stem cells provides in
    vivo evidence that they can self-renew for over a year and generate
    multiple cell types. Furthermore, we show that the neural stem cell
    niches in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus are established
    sequentially and not until late embryonic stages.
 C1 NYU, Sch Med, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dev Genet Program,Skirball Inst Biomol Med, New York, NY 10016 USA.
    NYU, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, New York, NY 10016 USA.
    NYU, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Neurosci, New York, NY 10016 USA.
 RP Joyner, AL, NICHHD, Unit Dev Neurogenet, Lab Mammalian Genes & Dev,
    NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 6B, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
 EM joyner@saturn.med.nyu.edu
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 894
 EP 897
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kimoto, H
    Haga, S
    Sato, K
    Touhara, K
 TI Sex-specific peptides from exocrine glands stimulate mouse vomeronasal
    sensory neurons
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PUTATIVE PHEROMONE RECEPTORS; ACCESSORY OLFACTORY-BULB; MULTIGENE
    FAMILY; MUTANT MICE; MAMMALS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; GENES; ORGAN; AGGRESSION
 AB In mammals, social and reproductive behaviours are modulated by
    pheromones, which are chemical signals that convey information about
    sex and strain(1,2). The vomeronasal organ, located at the base of the
    nasal septum, is responsible for mediating pheromone information in
    mice(3-9). Two classes of putative pheromone receptor gene families,
    V1R and V2R, are expressed by vomeronasal sensory neurons in mutually
    segregated epithelial zones of the vomeronasal organ(10-14). Although
    numerous studies have suggested that pheromones originate from
    urine(15-18), direct recordings of behaving mice have shown that
    neuronal firing in the vomeronasal system is modulated by physical
    contact with the facial area(19). Here we identify a male-specific
    7-kDa peptide secreted from the extraorbital lacrimal gland. This
    peptide, which we named exocrine gland-secreting peptide 1 (ESP1), is
    encoded by a gene from a previously unrecognized large family clustered
    in proximity to the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
    region. ESP1 is secreted from the eyes and is transferred to the female
    vomeronasal organ, where it stimulates V2R-expressing vomeronasal
    sensory neurons and elicits an electrical response. Our results
    indicate that mice respond to sex-specific peptides released from
    exocrine glands through the vomeronasal system during direct contact.
 C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci, Chiba 2778562, Japan.
 RP Touhara, K, Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Integrated Biosci,
    Chiba 2778562, Japan.
 EM touhara@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 898
 EP 901
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zhang, SYL
    Yu, Y
    Roos, J
    Kozak, JA
    Deerinck, TJ
    Ellisman, MH
    Stauderman, KA
    Cahalan, MD
 TI STIM1 is a Ca2+ sensor that activates CRAC channels and migrates from
    the Ca2+ store to the plasma membrane
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID OPERATED CALCIUM-CHANNELS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; DEPLETION; INFLUX; CELLS;
    OSCILLATIONS; INHIBITION; MECHANISMS; FAMILY
 AB As the sole Ca2+ entry mechanism in a variety of non-excitable cells,
    store-operated calcium (SOC) influx is important in Ca2+ signalling and
    many other cellular processes(1-3). A calcium-release-activated calcium
    ( CRAC) channel in T lymphocytes is the best-characterized SOC influx
    channel(4-6) and is essential to the immune response, sustained
    activity of CRAC channels being required for gene expression and
    proliferation(7-10). The molecular identity and the gating mechanism of
    SOC and CRAC channels have remained elusive. Previously we identified
    Stim and the mammalian homologue STIM1 as essential components of CRAC
    channel activation in Drosophila S2 cells and human T lymphocytes(11).
    Here we show that the expression of EF-hand mutants of Stim or STIM1
    activates CRAC channels constitutively without changing Ca2+ store
    content. By immunofluorescence, EM localization and surface
    biotinylation we show that STIM1 migrates from
    endoplasmic-reticulum-like sites to the plasma membrane upon depletion
    of the Ca2+ store. We propose that STIM1 functions as the missing link
    between Ca2+ store depletion and SOC influx, serving as a Ca2+ sensor
    that translocates upon store depletion to the plasma membrane to
    activate CRAC channels.
 C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
    Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Immunol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
    TorreyPines Therapeut Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Ctr Microscopy & Imaging Res, Ctr Res Biol Struct, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Cahalan, MD, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA
    92697 USA.
 EM mcahalan@uci.edu
 NR 25
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 902
 EP 905
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU van den Elzen, P
    Garg, S
    Leon, L
    Brigl, M
    Leadbetter, EA
    Gumperz, JE
    Dascher, CC
    Cheng, TY
    Sacks, FM
    Illarionov, PA
    Besra, GS
    Kent, SC
    Moody, DB
    Brenner, MB
 TI Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID TRANSPORT PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-T; NKT
    CELLS; RECEPTOR; LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MACROPHAGES; METABOLISM
 AB Peptide antigens are presented to T cells by major histocompatibility
    complex (MHC) molecules, with endogenous peptides presented by MHC
    class I and exogenous peptides presented by MHC class II. In contrast
    to the MHC system, CD1 molecules bind lipid antigens that are presented
    at the antigen-presenting cell (APC) surface to lipid antigen-reactive
    T cells(1). Because CD1 molecules survey endocytic compartments(2), it
    is self-evident that they encounter antigens from extracellular
    sources. However, the mechanisms of exogenous lipid antigen delivery to
    CD1-antigen-loading compartments are not known. Serum apolipoproteins
    are mediators of extracellular lipid transport for metabolic needs(3).
    Here we define the pathways mediating markedly efficient exogenous
    lipid antigen delivery by apolipoproteins to achieve T-cell activation.
    Apolipoprotein E binds lipid antigens and delivers them by
    receptor-mediated uptake into endosomal compartments containing CD1 in
    APCs. Apolipoprotein E mediates the presentation of serum-borne lipid
    antigens and can be secreted by APCs as a mechanism to survey the local
    environment to capture antigens or to transfer microbial lipids from
    infected cells to bystander APCs. Thus, the immune system has co-opted
    a component of lipid metabolism to develop immunological responses to
    lipid antigens.
 C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Neurol Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
    Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
 RP Brenner, MB, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 EM mbrenner@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 906
 EP 910
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Akeda, Y
    Galan, JE
 TI Chaperone release and unfolding of substrates in type III secretion
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; F0F1 ATPASE; HOST-CELLS;
    PROTEINS; DOMAINS; OLIGOMERIZATION; RECOGNITION; PHOSPHATASE; PATHOGENS
 AB Type III protein secretion systems are essential virulence factors of
    many bacteria pathogenic to humans, animals and plants(1). These
    systems mediate the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins directly
    into the host cell cytoplasm. Proteins are thought to travel this
    pathway in a largely unfolded manner, and a family of customized
    cytoplasmic chaperones, which specifically bind cognate secreted
    proteins, are essential for secretion. Here we show that InvC, an
    ATPase associated with a Salmonella enterica type III secretion
    system(2), has a critical function in substrate recognition.
    Furthermore, InvC induces chaperone release from and unfolding of the
    cognate secreted protein in an ATP-dependent manner. Our results show a
    similarity between the mechanisms of substrate recognition by type III
    protein secretion systems and AAA+ ATPase disassembly machines.
 C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, New Haven, CT 06536 USA.
 RP Galan, JE, Yale Univ, Sch Med, Sect Microbial Pathogenesis, 333 Cedar
    St, New Haven, CT 06536 USA.
 EM jorge.galan@yale.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 911
 EP 915
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Sowa, Y
    Rowe, AD
    Leake, MC
    Yakushi, T
    Homma, M
    Ishijima, A
    Berry, RM
 TI Direct observation of steps in rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID TORQUE-GENERATING UNITS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ROTARY MOTOR; NA+-DRIVEN;
    VIBRIO-ALGINOLYTICUS; PROTONMOTIVE FORCE; F-1-ATPASE; MECHANISM; SPEED;
    ROTOR
 AB The bacterial flagellar motor is a rotary molecular machine that
    rotates the helical filaments that propel many species of swimming
    bacteria(1,2). The rotor is a set of rings up to 45 nm in diameter in
    the cytoplasmic membrane(3); the stator contains about ten
    torque-generating units anchored to the cell wall at the perimeter of
    the rotor(4,5). The free-energy source for the motor is an
    inward-directed electrochemical gradient of ions across the cytoplasmic
    membrane, the protonmotive force or sodium-motive force for H+-driven
    and Na+-driven motors, respectively. Here we demonstrate a stepping
    motion of a Na+-driven chimaeric flagellar motor in Escherichia coli(6)
    at low sodium-motive force and with controlled expression of a small
    number of torque-generating units. We observe 26 steps per revolution,
    which is consistent with the periodicity of the ring of FliG protein,
    the proposed site of torque generation on the rotor(7,8). Backwards
    steps despite the absence of the flagellar switching protein CheY
    indicate a small change in free energy per step, similar to that of a
    single ion transit.
 C1 Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648603, Japan.
    Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
    Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Biol Sci, Chikusa Ku, Aichi 4648602, Japan.
    JST, PRESTO, Kawagoe, Saitama 3320012, Japan.
 RP Berry, RM, Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Chikusa Ku,
    Aichi 4648603, Japan.
 EM r.berry1@physics.ox.ac.uk
 NR 30
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 916
 EP 919
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wingert, RA
    Galloway, JL
    Barut, B
    Foott, H
    Fraenkel, P
    Axe, JL
    Weber, GJ
    Dooley, K
    Davidson, AJ
    Schmid, B
    Paw, BH
    Shaw, GC
    Kingsley, P
    Palis, J
    Schubert, H
    Chen, O
    Kaplan, J
    Zon, LI
 CA Tubingen 2000 Screen Consortium
 TI Deficiency of glutaredoxin 5 reveals Fe-S clusters are required for
    vertebrate haem synthesis (vol 436, pg 1035, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 C1 Adolf Butenandt Inst, Dept Biochem, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 920
 EP 920
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cramer, K
 TI Sandcastles: a dystopia - Caught up in a storm.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD OCT 6
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7060
 BP 926
 EP 926
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 970VB
 UT ISI:000232338600055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Bridging the gulf
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 595
 EP 595
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI A missed opportunity?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 595
 EP 596
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Do or die for design
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 596
 EP 596
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Scientists unite in bid to drive policy
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 600
 EP 600
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI Use of NIH funds placed under a spotlight
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 601
 EP 601
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Pioneering HIV treatment would use interference and gene therapy
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Scientists have unveiled plans to test an HIV treatment based on a
    much-toutedtechnique that hasn't yet been tried on people. The
    treatment is based on a mechanism called RNA interference. Scientists
    and the biotechnology industry believe the interference pathway is a
    tremendously promising target for a variety of therapies.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 601
 EP 601
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900006
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Snapshot - Judges fall for a leaf's star quality
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB These are not orange starfish on the sea floor but tiny hairs on the
    undersideof a plant's leaf. Known as trichomes, the hairs help the leaf
    to fend off the attentions of hungry insects and parasites. This image,
    taken using a scanning electron microscope.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 602
 EP 602
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schiermeier, Q
 TI Europe tells Russia it faces HIV ruin
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Health experts from Europe and the United States have called on the
    Russian government to strengthen its fight against the country's
    dramatically worsening HIV and AIDS problem. The epidemic there is set
    to explode, posing a serious threat to the former superpower's social
    and economic welfare, and even its stability.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 602
 EP 602
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schiermeier, Q
 TI Political deadlock leaves scientists frustrated
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The political deadlock over the formation of the German Government has
    left scientists with little hope for more flexible regulations on
    stem-cell and biotechnology research.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 603
 EP 603
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Reichhardt, T
 TI Science comes second as NASA makes lunar plans
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 605
 EP 605
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wadman, M
 TI Cancer chief embraces top drugs job
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 606
 EP 606
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schrope, M
 TI Into the eye of the storm
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducts
    reconnaissance flights to gather data on Hurricane Rita.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 607
 EP 607
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI School board in court over bid to teach intelligent design
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The high school board of Dover, Pennsylvania has begun legal
    preceedings to investigate if intelligent design should be taught as a
    viable scientific theoryand if it violates the required separation of
    church and state in lessons.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 607
 EP 607
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI The nightmare before funding (vol 437, pg 308, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 609
 EP 609
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kanipe, J
 TI Mountain at the top
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 610
 EP 611
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Cooke, R
 TI Back to the bottom
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Marine scientists are getting ready for their newest tool, a versatile
    robot submersible that can travel into the oceans' deepest abyss.
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 612
 EP 613
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Odling-Smee, L
 TI Dollars and sense
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID HOTSPOTS; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY
 AB Approaches to conservation that seek to protect the most endangered
    species have had only mixed success. A new breed of conservationists
    say we should not concentrate exclusively on saving the rare and
    endangered or on protecting species diversity.
 NR 9
 TC 3
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 614
 EP 616
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
 TI Taking quackery out of conservation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB In the past few years, efforts have been launched to make evaluation of
    conservation projects more rigorous and transparent. One such goal is
    to harmonize the terminology use. But measuring the effectiveness of a
    particular project isonly the start the data must be disseminated to be
    useful.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 616
 EP 616
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wadman, M
 TI Appetite downer awaits approval
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Pill that works by putting the hunger induced by cannabis into reverse
    could jump start a languishing market for obesity drugs.
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 618
 EP 619
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900019
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Clean-energy stocks
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 619
 EP 619
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Atran, S
    Stern, J
 TI Small groups find fatal purpose through the web
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Inst Jean Nicod, CNRS, F-75007 Paris, France.
    Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA.
    Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
 RP Atran, S, Inst Jean Nicod, CNRS, 1 Bis Ave Lowendal, F-75007 Paris,
    France.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 630
 EP 630
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bennett, B
 TI Most radiation-related deaths happened in 1945
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Minami Ku, Hiroshima 7320815, Japan.
 RP Bennett, B, Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Minami Ku, 5-2 Hijiyama Pk,
    Hiroshima 7320815, Japan.
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 630
 EP 630
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Feder, N
 TI Public disclosure could deter conflicts of interest
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA.
 RP Feder, N, NIH, 2 Democracy Plaza, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 630
 EP 630
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Paul, D
 TI Race to the finish: Identity and governance in an age of genomics
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polit Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA.
 RP Paul, D, Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polit Sci, 100 Morrissey Blvd,
    Boston, MA 02125 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 621
 EP 622
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Stevens, C
 TI The war of the soups and the sparks: The discovery of neurotransmitters
    and the dispute over how nerves communicate
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Salk Inst Biol Studies, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
 RP Stevens, C, Salk Inst Biol Studies, POB 85800, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 622
 EP 622
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hartmann, WK
 TI The planets
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
 RP Hartmann, WK, Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106,
    Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 623
 EP 623
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Anderson, PW
 TI Thinking big
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 RP Anderson, PW, Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 625
 EP 625
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bonetta, D
    McCourt, P
 TI Plant biology - A receptor for gibberellin
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BOX PROTEIN TIR1; INDUCED DEGRADATION; GREEN-REVOLUTION; AUXIN
    RECEPTOR; GENE ENCODES; MUTANT; PATHWAY; RGA
 C1 Univ Ontario Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada.
    Univ Toronto, Dept Bot, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
 RP Bonetta, D, Univ Ontario Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4,
    Canada.
 EM dario.bonetta@uoit.ca
    mccourt@botany.utoronto.ca
 NR 13
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 627
 EP 628
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Levy, M
 TI Oceanography - Nutrients in remote mode
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Oceanog & Climatol Experimentat & Anal Numer, F-75252 Paris, France.
 RP Levy, M, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Oceanog & Climatol Experimentat
    & Anal Numer, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France.
 EM marina@lodyc.jussieu.fr
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 628
 EP +
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Webb, R
 TI Fluid dynamics - Let us spray
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 629
 EP 629
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Eldar, A
    Elowitz, M
 TI Systems biology - Deviations in mating
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID GENE-EXPRESSION; SINGLE-CELL
 C1 CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
    CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Eldar, A, CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 EM melowitz@caltech.edu
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 631
 EP 632
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gies, H
 TI Materials science - Pore show
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
 RP Gies, H, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Mineral, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum,
    Germany.
 EM Hermann.Gies@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 633
 EP 633
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Milne, S
    Hinde, R
 TI Joseph Rotblat 1908-2005 - Physicist who committed his life to the
    cause of nuclear disarmament. Obituary
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Biographical-Item
 C1 Pugwash UK, Execut Comm, London WC1B 3BJ, England.
 RP Milne, S, Pugwash UK, Execut Comm, 63A Great Russell St, London WC1B
    3BJ, England.
 EM pugwash@mac.com
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 634
 EP 634
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Khaldoun, A
    Eiser, E
    Wegdam, GH
    Bonn, D
 TI Liquefaction of quicksand under stress - A person trapped in salt-lake
    quicksand is not in any danger of being sucked under completely.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Univ Amsterdam, HIMS, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
    Ecole Normale Super, Phys Stat Lab, F-75231 Paris, France.
 RP Khaldoun, A, Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Inst, Kruislaan 403,
    NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 EM bonn@science.uva.nl
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 635
 EP 635
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Griffith, S
    Goldwater, D
    Jacobson, JM
 TI Robotics - Self-replication from random parts
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 MIT, Media Lab, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Griffith, S, MIT, Media Lab, Ctr Bits & Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM jacobson@media.mit.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 636
 EP 636
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Allara, DL
 TI A perspective on surfaces and interfaces
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS
 C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
 RP Allara, DL, Penn State Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Chem, 206 Chem Bldg,
    University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
 EM dla3@psu.edu
 NR 5
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 638
 EP 639
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Chandler, D
 TI Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID FREE-ENERGIES; LIQUID WATER; HYDRATION; SOLVATION; MODEL; SIMULATION;
    SOLUTES; CONVERGENCE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION
 AB The hydrophobic effect - the tendency for oil and water to segregate -
    is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of laundry, to the
    creation of micro-emulsions to make new materials, to the assembly of
    proteins into functional complexes. This effect is multifaceted
    depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or
    driven to assemble into larger structures. Despite the basic principles
    underlying the hydrophobic effect being qualitatively well understood,
    only recently have theoretical developments begun to explain and
    quantify many features of this ubiquitous phenomenon.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Chandler, D, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM chandler@cchem.berkeley.edu
 NR 68
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 640
 EP 647
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Atencia, J
    Beebe, DJ
 TI Controlled microfluidic interfaces
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID MONODISPERSE DOUBLE EMULSIONS; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; ON-A-CHIP;
    LAMINAR-FLOW; MICROFABRICATED DEVICE; IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS; ACTIVE
    CONTROL; METAL-IONS; T-SENSOR; MICROCHANNELS
 C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
 RP Beebe, DJ, Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, 1550 Engn Dr,Rm 2142 ECB,
    Madison, WI 53706 USA.
 EM djbeebe@wisc.edu
 NR 94
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 648
 EP 655
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Tanaka, M
    Sackmann, E
 TI Polymer-supported membranes as models of the cell surface
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID LIPID-BILAYER-MEMBRANES; TIN-OXIDE ELECTRODES; HUMAN
    ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY;
    ULTRATHIN FILMS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES;
    NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; LATERAL DIFFUSION
 AB Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used
    as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial
    materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin
    polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular
    matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic
    chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to
    supported membranes. This results in sophisticated interfaces that can
    be used to control, organize and study the properties and function of
    membranes and membrane-associated proteins. Particularly exciting
    opportunities arise when these systems are coupled with advanced
    semiconductor technology.
 C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
 RP Tanaka, M, Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys Chem, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
 EM mtanaka@ph.tum.de
 NR 87
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 656
 EP 663
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yin, Y
    Alivisatos, AP
 TI Colloidal nanocrystal synthesis and the organic-inorganic interface
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID ORIENTED ATTACHMENT MECHANISM; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM RODS; CDSE
    NANOCRYSTALS; CONTROLLED GROWTH; SELECTIVE GROWTH; SHAPE-CONTROL;
    SOLAR-CELLS; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; DOTS
 AB Colloidal nanocrystals are solution-grown, nanometre-sized, inorganic
    particles that are stabilized by a layer of surfactants attached to
    their surface. The inorganic cores possess useful properties that are
    controlled by their composition, size and shape, and the surfactant
    coating ensures that these structures are easy to fabricate and process
    further into more complex structures. This combination of features
    makes colloidal nanocrystals attractive and promising building blocks
    for advanced materials and devices. Chemists are achieving ever more
    exquisite control over the composition, size, shape, crystal structure
    and surface properties of nanocrystals, thus setting the stage for
    fully exploiting the potential of these remarkable materials.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Alivisatos, AP, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM alivis@berkeley.edu
 NR 62
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 664
 EP 670
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Barth, JV
    Costantini, G
    Kern, K
 TI Engineering atomic and molecular nanostructures at surfaces
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID QUANTUM-DOT MOLECULES; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; METAL-SURFACES;
    MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; 2-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES;
    SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES; MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES;
    SELF-ORGANIZATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; ARTIFICIAL ATOMS
 AB The fabrication methods of the microelectronics industry have been
    refined to produce ever smaller devices, but will soon reach their
    fundamental limits. A promising alternative route to even smaller
    functional systems with nanometre dimensions is the autonomous ordering
    and assembly of atoms and molecules on atomically well-defined
    surfaces. This approach combines ease of fabrication with exquisite
    control over the shape, composition and mesoscale organization of the
    surface structures formed. Once the mechanisms controlling the
    self-ordering phenomena are fully understood, the self-assembly and
    growth processes can be steered to create a wide range of surface
    nanostructures from metallic, semiconducting and molecular materials.
 C1 Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
    Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
 RP Kern, K, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Nanostruct, CH-1015
    Lausanne, Switzerland.
 EM k.kern@fkf.mpg.de
 NR 96
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 671
 EP 679
 PG 9
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Orr, JC
    Fabry, VJ
    Aumont, O
    Bopp, L
    Doney, SC
    Feely, RA
    Gnanadesikan, A
    Gruber, N
    Ishida, A
    Joos, F
    Key, RM
    Lindsay, K
    Maier-Reimer, E
    Matear, R
    Monfray, P
    Mouchet, A
    Najjar, RG
    Plattner, GK
    Rodgers, KB
    Sabine, CL
    Sarmiento, JL
    Schlitzer, R
    Slater, RD
    Totterdell, IJ
    Weirig, MF
    Yamanaka, Y
    Yool, A
 TI Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its
    impact on calcifying organisms
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; TERRA-NOVA BAY; ROSS
    SEA; ARAGONITE PRODUCTION; PACIFIC SECTOR; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VERTICAL
    FLUX; CO2; ANTARCTICA
 AB Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate,
    but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing
    ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of
    calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if
    these trends continue, key marine organisms - such as corals and some
    plankton - will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium
    carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean - carbon cycle
    to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a
    'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic
    carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will
    begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable
    form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this
    undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and
    into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to
    our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard
    experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our
    findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude
    ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested
    previously.
 C1 CEA Saclay, UMR CEA CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
    Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA.
    Ctr IRD Bretagne, LOCEAN, F-29280 Plouzane, France.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
    NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
    NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan.
    Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
    Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
    Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
    Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
    CSIRO, Marine Res & Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst CRC, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
    Univ Liege, Astrophys & Geophys Inst, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
    Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
    Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris, France.
    Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany.
    Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
 RP Orr, JC, CEA Saclay, UMR CEA CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191
    Gif Sur Yvette, France.
 EM orr@cea.fr
 NR 49
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 681
 EP 686
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Palter, JB
    Lozier, MS
    Barber, RT
 TI The effect of advection on the nutrient reservoir in the North Atlantic
    subtropical gyre
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SARGASSO SEA; OPEN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; CIRCULATION; WATER
 AB Though critically important in sustaining the ocean's biological pump,
    the cycling of nutrients in the subtropical gyres is poorly understood.
    The supply of nutrients to the sunlit surface layer of the ocean has
    traditionally been attributed solely to vertical processes. However,
    horizontal advection may also be important in establishing the
    availability of nutrients. Here we show that the production and
    advection of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water introduces spatial
    and temporal variability in the subsurface nutrient reservoir beneath
    the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. As the mode water is formed, its
    nutrients are depleted by biological utilization. When the depleted
    water mass is exported to the gyre, it injects a wedge of low-nutrient
    water into the upper layers of the ocean. Contrary to intuition, cold
    winters that promote deep convective mixing and vigorous mode water
    formation may diminish downstream primary productivity by altering the
    subsurface delivery of nutrients.
 C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
    Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Coastal Syst Sci & Policy, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA.
 RP Palter, JB, Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Div Earth &
    Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
 EM jbp3@duke.edu
 NR 32
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 687
 EP 692
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ueguchi-Tanaka, M
    Ashikari, M
    Nakajima, M
    Itoh, H
    Katoh, E
    Kobayashi, M
    Chow, TY
    Hsing, YIC
    Kitano, H
    Yamaguchi, I
    Matsuoka, M
 TI GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 encodes a soluble receptor for
    gibberellin
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SLENDER RICE1; PROTEIN;
    PATHWAY; MUTANT; GENE; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; ALEURONE
 AB Gibberellins ( GAs) are phytohormones that are essential for many
    developmental processes in plants. It has been postulated that plants
    have both membrane-bound and soluble GA receptors; however, no GA
    receptors have yet been identified. Here we report the isolation and
    characterization of a new GA-insensitive dwarf mutant of rice, gid1.
    The GID1 gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the
    hormone-sensitive lipases, and we observed preferential localization of
    a GID1 - green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal in nuclei. Recombinant
    glutathione S-transferase (GST) - GID1 had a high affinity only for
    biologically active GAs, whereas mutated GST - GID1 corresponding to
    three gid1 alleles had no GA-binding affinity. The dissociation
    constant for GA(4) was estimated to be around 10(-7) M, enough to
    account for the GA dependency of shoot elongation. Moreover, GID1 bound
    to SLR1, a rice DELLA protein, in a GA-dependent manner in yeast cells.
    GID1 overexpression resulted in a GA-hypersensitive phenotype.
    Together, our results indicate that GID1 is a soluble receptor
    mediating GA signalling in rice.
 C1 Nagoya Univ, Biosci & Biotechnol Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Biol Chem, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
    Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Dept Biochem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan.
    RIKEN, Bioresources Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050074, Japan.
    Acad Sinica, Inst Bot, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
    Univ Tokyo, Biotechnol Res Ctr, Tokyo 1138657, Japan.
 RP Matsuoka, M, Nagoya Univ, Biosci & Biotechnol Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi
    4648601, Japan.
 EM makoto@nuagr1.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp
 NR 31
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 693
 EP 698
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Colman-Lerner, A
    Gordon, A
    Serra, E
    Chin, T
    Resnekov, O
    Endy, D
    Pesce, CG
    Brent, R
 TI Regulated cell-to-cell variation in a cell-fate decision system
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID KINASE SIGNALING SPECIFICITY; EUKARYOTIC GENE-EXPRESSION;
    SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; C-ELEGANS; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PHEROMONE
    RESPONSE; PROTEIN-KINASE; SINGLE-CELL; YEAST; NOISE
 AB Here we studied the quantitative behaviour and cell-to-cell variability
    of a prototypical eukaryotic cell-fate decision system, the mating
    pheromone response pathway in yeast. We dissected and measured sources
    of variation in system output, analysing thousands of individual,
    genetically identical cells. Only a small proportion of total
    cell-to-cell variation is caused by random fluctuations in gene
    transcription and translation during the response ('expression noise').
    Instead, variation is dominated by differences in the capacity of
    individual cells to transmit signals through the pathway ('pathway
    capacity') and to express proteins from genes ('expression capacity').
    Cells with high expression capacity express proteins at a higher rate
    and increase in volume more rapidly. Our results identify two
    mechanisms that regulate cell-to-cell variation in pathway capacity.
    First, the MAP kinase Fus3 suppresses variation at high pheromone
    levels, while the MAP kinase Kss1 enhances variation at low pheromone
    levels. Second, pathway capacity and expression capacity are negatively
    correlated, suggesting a compensatory mechanism that allows cells to
    respond more precisely to pheromone in the presence of a large
    variation in expression capacity.
 C1 Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
    MIT, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Gordon, A, Inst Mol Sci, 2168 Shattuck Ave, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
 EM gordon@molsci.org
    brent@molsci.org
 NR 38
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 699
 EP 706
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dekel, A
    Stoehr, F
    Mamon, GA
    Cox, TJ
    Novak, GS
    Primack, JR
 TI Lost and found dark matter in elliptical galaxies
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE;
    KINEMATICAL DATA; DYNAMICS; CONDENSATION; EVOLUTION; ROTATION; PROFILE;
    DEARTH
 AB There is strong evidence that the mass of the Universe is dominated by
    dark matter, which exerts gravitational attraction but whose exact
    nature is unknown. In particular, all galaxies are believed to be
    embedded in massive haloes of dark matter(1,2). This view has recently
    been challenged by the observation of surprisingly low random stellar
    velocities in the outskirts of ordinary elliptical galaxies, which has
    been interpreted as indicating a lack of dark matter(3,4). Here we show
    that the low velocities are in fact compatible with galaxy formation in
    dark-matter haloes. Using numerical simulations of disk-galaxy
    mergers(5,6), we find that the stellar orbits in the outer regions of
    the resulting ellipticals are very elongated. These stars were torn by
    tidal forces from their original galaxies during the first close
    passage and put on outgoing trajectories. The elongated orbits,
    combined with the steeply falling density profile of the observed
    tracers, explain the observed low velocities even in the presence of
    large amounts of dark matter. Projection effects when viewing a
    triaxial elliptical can lead to even lower observed velocities along
    certain lines of sight.
 C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
    Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France.
    Observ Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France.
    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
 RP Dekel, A, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem,
    Israel.
 EM dekel@phys.huji.ac.il
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 707
 EP 710
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rolles, D
    Braune, M
    Cvejanovic, S
    Gessner, O
    Hentges, R
    Korica, S
    Langer, B
    Lischke, T
    Prumper, G
    Reinkoster, A
    Viefhaus, J
    Zimmermann, BR
    McKoy, V
    Becker, U
 TI Isotope-induced partial localization of core electrons in the
    homonuclear molecule N-2
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PHOTOELECTRON ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; GERADE SYMMETRY-BREAKING; K-SHELL
    PHOTOIONIZATION; SHAPE RESONANCES; IONIZATION; DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY;
    TRANSITION; EMISSION
 AB Because of inversion symmetry and particle exchange, all constituents
    of homonuclear diatomic molecules are in a quantum mechanically
    non-local coherent state; this includes the nuclei and deep-lying core
    electrons. Hence, the molecular photoemission can be regarded as a
    natural double-slit experiment(1): coherent electron emission
    originates from two identical sites, and should give rise to
    characteristic interference patterns(2). However, the quantum coherence
    is obscured if the two possible symmetry states of the electronic
    wavefunction ('gerade' and 'ungerade') are degenerate; the sum of the
    two exactly resembles the distinguishable, incoherent emission from two
    localized core sites. Here we observe the coherence of core electrons
    in N-2 through a direct measurement of the interference exhibited in
    their emission. We also explore the gradual transition to a
    symmetry-broken system of localized electrons by comparing different
    isotope-substituted species - a phenomenon analogous to the acquisition
    of partial 'which-way' information in macroscopic double-slit
    experiments(3).
 C1 Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
    Max Born Inst Nichtlineare Opt & Kurzzeitspektros, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
    CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
 RP Becker, U, Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
 EM becker_u@fhi-berlin.mpg.de
 NR 33
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 711
 EP 715
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zou, XD
    Conradsson, T
    Klingstedt, M
    Dadachov, MS
    O'Keeffe, M
 TI A mesoporous germanium oxide with crystalline pore walls and its chiral
    derivative
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MOLECULAR-SIEVE; CHANNELS; SURFACES; DENSITY; SILICA
 AB Microporous oxides are inorganic materials with wide applications in
    separations, ion exchange and catalysis(1-3). In such materials, an
    important determinant of pore size is the number of M ( where M = Si,
    Ge and so on) atoms in the rings delineating the channels(1). The
    important faujasite structure exhibits 12-ring structures while those
    of zeolites(4,5), germanates(6-8) and other(8) materials can be much
    larger. Recent attention has focused on mesoporous materials with
    larger pores of nanometre scale(9-11); however, with the exception of
    an inorganic - organic hybrid(12), these have amorphous pore walls,
    limiting many applications. Chiral porous oxides are particularly
    desirable for enantioselective sorption and catalysis(13). However,
    they are very rare in microporous(14,15) and mesoporous(16) materials.
    Here we describe a mesoporous germanium oxide, SU-M, with gyroidal
    channels separated by crystalline walls that lie about the G ( gyroid)
    minimal surface as in the mesoporous MCM-48 (ref. 9). It has the
    largest primitive cell and lowest framework density of any inorganic
    material and channels that are defined by 30-rings. One of the two
    gyroidal channel systems of SU-M can be filled with additional oxide,
    resulting in a mesoporous crystal (SU-MB) with chiral channels.
 C1 Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Corpuscular Inc, Mahopac, NY 10541 USA.
    Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
 RP Zou, XD, Stockholm Univ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
 EM zou@struc.su.se
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 716
 EP 719
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Elbelrhiti, H
    Claudin, P
    Andreotti, B
 TI Field evidence for surface-wave-induced instability of sand dunes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID BARCHAN DUNES; DYNAMICS; MODEL; WIND
 AB Field studies of barchans - crescent- shaped dunes that propagate over
    solid ground under conditions of unidirectional wind(1) - have long
    focused on the investigation of an equilibrium between sand transport
    by wind and the control of air flow by dune topography(2-4), which are
    thought to control dune morphology and kinematics(5-7). Because of the
    long timescale involved, however, the underlying dynamic processes
    responsible for the evolution of dune fields remain poorly
    understood(8). Here we combine data from a three-year field study in
    the Moroccan Sahara with a model study to show that barchans are
    fundamentally unstable and do not necessarily behave like stable
    solitary waves, as suggested previously(9-12). We find that dune
    collisions and changes in wind direction destabilize the dunes and
    generate surface waves on the barchans. Because the resulting surface
    waves propagate at a higher speed than the dunes themselves, they can
    produce a series of new barchans of elementary size by breaking the
    horns of large dunes. The creation of these new dunes provides a
    mechanism for sand loss that prevents dune fields from merging into a
    single giant dune and therefore plays a fundamental role in the control
    of size selection and the development of dune patterns.
 C1 Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, CNRS, UMR 7636, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Univ Ibn Zohr, Dept Geol, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
 RP Andreotti, B, Phys & Mecan Milieux Heterogenes Lab, CNRS, UMR 7636, 10
    Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
 EM andreotti@pmmh.espci.fr
 NR 18
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 720
 EP 723
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kessel, R
    Schmidt, MW
    Ulmer, P
    Pettke, T
 TI Trace element signature of subduction-zone fluids, melts and
    supercritical liquids at 120-180 km depth
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HIGH-PRESSURE EXPERIMENTS; PHASE-RELATIONS; UPPER-MANTLE; ARC MAGMAS;
    GPA; CONSTRAINTS; CRUST; SLAB; CLINOPYROXENE; CONSEQUENCES
 AB Fluids and melts liberated from subducting oceanic crust recycle
    lithophile elements back into the mantle wedge, facilitate melting and
    ultimately lead to prolific subduction-zone arc volcanism(1,2). The
    nature and composition of the mobile phases generated in the subducting
    slab at high pressures have, however, remained largely unknown(3-7).
    Here we report direct LA-ICPMS measurements of the composition of
    fluids and melts equilibrated with a basaltic eclogite at pressures
    equivalent to depths in the Earth of 120 - 180 km and temperatures of
    700 - 1,200 degrees C. The resultant liquid/mineral partition
    coefficients constrain the recycling rates of key elements. The
    dichotomy of dehydration versus melting at 120 km depth is expressed
    through contrasting behaviour of many trace elements (U/Th, Sr, Ba, Be
    and the light rare-earth elements). At pressures equivalent to 180 km
    depth, however, a supercritical liquid with melt-like solubilities for
    the investigated trace elements is observed, even at low temperatures.
    This mobilizes most of the key trace elements ( except the heavy
    rare-earth elements, Y and Sc) and thus limits fluid-phase transfer of
    geochemical signatures in subduction zones to pressures less than 6 GPa.
 C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
    ETH Zentrum, Inst Mineral & Petrog, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
 RP Kessel, R, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem,
    Israel.
 EM kessel@vms.huji.ac.il
 NR 32
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 724
 EP 727
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Allen, JT
    Brown, L
    Sanders, R
    Moore, CM
    Mustard, A
    Fielding, S
    Lucas, M
    Rixen, M
    Savidge, G
    Henson, S
    Mayor, D
 TI Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast
    Atlantic
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ICELAND-FAEROES FRONT; ALMERIA-ORAN FRONT; MESOSCALE SUBDUCTION; SPRING
    BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON; OCEAN; NUTRIENTS; PACIFIC; JUNE
 AB Diatoms are unicellular or chain-forming phytoplankton that use silicon
    ( Si) in cell wall construction. Their survival during periods of
    apparent nutrient exhaustion enhances carbon sequestration in frontal
    regions of the northern North Atlantic. These regions may therefore
    have a more important role in the 'biological pump' than they have
    previously been attributed(1), but how this is achieved is unknown.
    Diatom growth depends on silicate availability, in addition to nitrate
    and phosphate(2,3), but northern Atlantic waters are richer in nitrate
    than silicate(4). Following the spring stratification, diatoms are the
    first phytoplankton to bloom(2,5). Once silicate is exhausted, diatom
    blooms subside in a major export event(6,7). Here we show that, with
    nitrate still available for new production, the diatom bloom is
    prolonged where there is a periodic supply of new silicate:
    specifically, diatoms thrive by 'mining' deep-water silicate brought to
    the surface by an unstable ocean front. The mechanism we present here
    is not limited to silicate fertilization; similar mechanisms could
    support nitrate-,phosphate- or iron-limited frontal regions in oceans
    elsewhere.
 C1 Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
    N Highland Coll, UHI Millenium Inst, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD, Caithness, Scotland.
    Univ St Andrews, Sch Geog & Geosci, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland.
    NATO Undersea Res Ctr, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy.
    Queens Univ Belfast, Marine Lab, Portaferry BT22 1PF, North Ireland.
 RP Allen, JT, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England.
 EM jta@noc.soton.ac.uk
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 728
 EP 732
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hu, DL
    Bush, JWM
 TI Meniscus-climbing insects
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID WATER-SURFACE; LOCOMOTION; PARTICLES
 AB Water-walking insects and spiders rely on surface tension for static
    weight support(1,2) and use a variety of means to propel themselves
    along the surface(3-8). To pass from the water surface to land, they
    must contend with the slippery slopes of the menisci that border the
    water's edge. The ability to climb menisci is a skill exploited by
    water-walking insects as they seek land in order to lay eggs or avoid
    predators(4); moreover, it was a necessary adaptation for their
    ancestors as they evolved from terrestrials to live exclusively on the
    water surface(3). Many millimetre-scale water-walking insects are
    unable to climb menisci using their traditional means of
    propulsion(2,3,9). Through a combined experimental and theoretical
    study, here we investigate the meniscus-climbing technique that such
    insects use. By assuming a fixed body posture, they deform the water
    surface in order to generate capillary forces(10-13): they thus propel
    themselves laterally without moving their appendages. We develop a
    theoretical model for this novel mode of propulsion and use it to
    rationalize the climbers' characteristic body postures and predict
    climbing trajectories consistent with those reported here and
    elsewhere(3).
 C1 MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Bush, JWM, MIT, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM bush@math.mit.edu
 NR 25
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 733
 EP 736
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Whiten, A
    Horner, V
    de Waal, FBM
 TI Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEES; TRANSMISSION; INFORMATION; EVOLUTION
 AB Rich circumstantial evidence suggests that the extensive behavioural
    diversity recorded in wild great apes reflects a complexity of cultural
    variation unmatched by species other than our own(1-12). However, the
    capacity for cultural transmission assumed by this interpretation has
    remained difficult to test rigorously in the field, where the scope for
    controlled experimentation is limited(13-16). Here we show that
    experimentally introduced technologies will spread within different ape
    communities. Unobserved by group mates, we first trained a high-ranking
    female from each of two groups of captive chimpanzees to adopt one of
    two different tool-use techniques for obtaining food from the same
    'Pan-pipe' apparatus, then re-introduced each female to her respective
    group. All but two of 32 chimpanzees mastered the new technique under
    the influence of their local expert, whereas none did so in a third
    population lacking an expert. Most chimpanzees adopted the method
    seeded in their group, and these traditions continued to diverge over
    time. A subset of chimpanzees that discovered the alternative method
    nevertheless went on to match the predominant approach of their
    companions, showing a conformity bias that is regarded as a hallmark of
    human culture(11).
 C1 Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit Evolut, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland.
    Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Field Stn, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
 RP Whiten, A, Univ St Andrews, Sch Psychol, Ctr Social Learning & Cognit
    Evolut, St Andrews KY16 9JP, Fife, Scotland.
 EM a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 737
 EP 740
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Du, LQ
    Poovaiah, BW
 TI Ca2+/calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant
    growth
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATORS; ARABIDOPSIS-DET3 MUTANT; LIGHT; CALMODULIN;
    RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; GENE; KINASE; FAMILY; EXPRESSION
 AB Brassinosteroids are plant-specific steroid hormones(1,2) that have an
    important role in coupling environmental factors, especially light,
    with plant growth and development(3). How the endogenous
    brassinosteroids change in response to environmental stimuli is largely
    unknown. Ca2+/calmodulin has an essential role in sensing and
    transducing environmental stimuli(4,5). Arabidopsis DWARF1 (DWF1) is
    responsible for an early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis that
    converts 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol(6,7). Here we show that
    DWF1 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-binding protein and this binding is critical
    for its function. Molecular genetic analysis using site-directed and
    deletion mutants revealed that loss of calmodulin binding completely
    abolished the function of DWF1 in planta, whereas partial loss of
    calmodulin binding resulted in a partial dwarf phenotype in
    complementation studies. These results provide direct proof that
    Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated signalling has a critical role in controlling
    the function of DWF1. Furthermore, we observed that DWF1 orthologues
    from other plants have a similar Ca2+/calmodulin-binding domain,
    implying that Ca2+/calmodulin regulation of DWF1 and its homologues is
    common in plants. These results raise the possibility of producing
    size-engineered crops by altering the Ca2+/calmodulin-binding property
    of their DWF1 orthologues.
 C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
    Washington State Univ, Dept Hort, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
 RP Poovaiah, BW, Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol,
    Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
 EM poovaiah@wsu.edu
 NR 29
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 741
 EP 745
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gordon, MD
    Dionne, MS
    Schneider, DS
    Nusse, R
 TI WntD is a feedback inhibitor of Dorsal/NF-kappa B in Drosophila
    development and immunity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID SIGNALING PATHWAY; NUCLEAR IMPORT; TOLL; HOST; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN;
    EMBRYO; GENE; MELANOGASTER; MORPHOGEN
 AB Regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) family of
    transcription factors is of critical importance to animals, with
    consequences of misregulation that include cancer, chronic inflammatory
    diseases and developmental defects(1). Studies in Drosophila
    melanogaster have proved fruitful in determining the signals used to
    control NF-kappa B proteins, beginning with the discovery that the
    Toll/NF-kappa B pathway, in addition to patterning the dorsal - ventral
    axis of the fly embryo, defines a major component of the innate immune
    response in both Drosophila and mammals(2,3). Here, we characterize the
    Drosophila wntD (Wnt inhibitor of Dorsal) gene. We show that WntD acts
    as a feedback inhibitor of the NF-kappa B homologue Dorsal during both
    embryonic patterning and the innate immune response to infection. wntD
    expression is under the control of Toll/Dorsal signalling, and
    increased levels of WntD block Dorsal nuclear accumulation, even in the
    absence of the I kappa B homologue Cactus. The WntD signal is
    independent of the common Wnt signalling component Armadillo
    (beta-catenin). By engineering a gene knockout, we show that wntD
    loss-of-function mutants have immune defects and exhibit increased
    levels of Toll/Dorsal signalling. Furthermore, the wntD mutant
    phenotype is suppressed by loss of zygotic dorsal. These results
    describe the first secreted feedback antagonist of Toll signalling, and
    demonstrate a novel Wnt activity in the fly.
 C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst,Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 RP Nusse, R, Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med
    Inst,Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM rnusse@stanford.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 746
 EP 749
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Xavier, KB
    Bassler, BL
 TI Interference with Al-2-mediated bacterial cell-cell communication
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID QUORUM-SENSING SIGNAL; VIBRIO-HARVEYI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM;
    ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; CHOLERAE; LUMINESCENCE; SEQUENCE; AL-2;
    FAMILY
 AB Bacteria communicate by means of chemical signal molecules called
    autoinducers. This process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to
    count the members in the community and to alter gene expression
    synchronously across the population. Quorum-sensing-controlled
    processes are often crucial for successful bacterial - host
    relationships - both symbiotic and pathogenic. Most quorum-sensing
    autoinducers promote intraspecies communication, but one autoinducer,
    called AI-2, is produced and detected by a wide variety of bacteria and
    is proposed to allow interspecies communication(1,2). Here we show that
    some species of bacteria can manipulate AI-2 signalling and interfere
    with other species' ability to assess and respond correctly to changes
    in cell population density. AI-2 signalling, and the interference with
    it, could have important ramifications for eukaryotes in the
    maintenance of normal microflora and in protection from pathogenic
    bacteria.
 C1 Princeton Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 RP Bassler, BL, Princeton Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol,
    Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
 EM bbassler@molbio.princeton.edu
 NR 19
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 750
 EP 753
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900056
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yoshida, H
    Kawane, K
    Koike, M
    Mori, Y
    Uchiyama, Y
    Nagata, S
 TI Phosphatidylserine-dependent engulfment by macrophages of nuclei from
    erythroid precursor cells
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID APOPTOTIC CELLS; ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MICE;
    DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS; DEFICIENT; INVITRO;
    BINDING
 AB Definitive erythropoiesis usually occurs in the bone marrow or fetal
    liver, where erythroblasts are associated with a central macrophage in
    anatomical units called 'blood islands'(1,2). Late in erythropoiesis,
    nuclei are expelled from the erythroid precursor cells and engulfed by
    the macrophages in the blood island(2,3). Here we show that the nuclei
    are engulfed by macrophages only after they are disconnected from
    reticulocytes, and that phosphatidylserine, which is often used as an
    'eat me' signal for apoptotic cells, is also used for the engulfment of
    nuclei expelled from erythroblasts. We investigated the mechanism
    behind the enucleation and engulfment processes by isolating late-stage
    erythroblasts from the spleens of phlebotomized mice. When these
    erythroblasts were cultured, the nuclei protruded spontaneously from
    the erythroblasts. A weak physical force could disconnect the nuclei
    from the reticulocytes. The released nuclei contained an undetectable
    level of ATP, and quickly exposed phosphatidylserine on their surface.
    Fetal liver macrophages efficiently engulfed the nuclei; masking the
    phosphatidylserine on the nuclei with the dominant-negative form of
    milk-fat-globule EGF8 (MFG-E8) prevented this engulfment.
 C1 Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Genet, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
    Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol & Neurosci, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
    Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Frontier Biosci, Integrated Biol Labs, Genet Lab, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
    Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
    Sakura Mot Picture Co Ltd, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1510051, Japan.
 RP Nagata, S, Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Genet, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita,
    Osaka 5650871, Japan.
 EM Nagata@genetic.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 754
 EP 758
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900057
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Pascual, G
    Fong, AL
    Ogawa, S
    Gamliel, A
    Li, AC
    Perissi, V
    Rose, DW
    Willson, TM
    Rosenfeld, MG
    Glass, CK
 TI A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of
    inflammatory response genes by PPAR-gamma
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION;
    TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; COREPRESSOR COMPLEX; ANDROGEN-RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR
    RECEPTORS; CO-REPRESSOR; PROTEINS; LIGAND
 AB Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has
    essential roles in adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis, and is a
    molecular target of insulin-sensitizing drugs(1-3). Although the
    ability of PPAR-gamma agonists to antagonize inflammatory responses by
    transrepression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) target genes is
    linked to antidiabetic(4) and antiatherogenic actions(5), the
    mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification
    of a molecular pathway by which PPAR-gamma represses the
    transcriptional activation of inflammatory response genes in mouse
    macrophages. The initial step of this pathway involves ligand-dependent
    SUMOylation of the PPAR-gamma ligand-binding domain, which targets
    PPAR-gamma to nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-histone deacetylase-3
    (HDAC3) complexes on inflammatory gene promoters. This in turn prevents
    recruitment of the ubiquitylation/19S proteosome machinery that
    normally mediates the signal-dependent removal of corepressor complexes
    required for gene activation. As a result, NCoR complexes are not
    cleared from the promoter and target genes are maintained in a
    repressed state. This mechanism provides an explanation for how an
    agonist-bound nuclear receptor can be converted from an activator of
    transcription to a promoter-specific repressor of NF-kappa B target
    genes that regulate immunity and homeostasis.
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Biomed Sci Grad Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
 RP Glass, CK, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, 9500 Gilman
    Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 EM cglass@ucsd.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 759
 EP 763
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900058
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nybakken, GE
    Oliphant, T
    Johnson, S
    Burke, S
    Diamond, MS
    Fremont, DH
 TI Structural basis of West Nile virus neutralization by a therapeutic
    antibody
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID DENGUE VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION;
    DOMAIN-III; DISSEMINATED INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BINDING;
    CELLS; GLYCOPROTEIN
 AB West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to the
    human epidemic-causing dengue, yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis
    viruses(1). In establishing infection these icosahedral viruses undergo
    endosomal membrane fusion catalysed by envelope glycoprotein
    rearrangement of the putative receptor-binding domain III (DIII) and
    exposure of the hydrophobic fusion loop(2-4). Humoral immunity has an
    essential protective function early in the course of West Nile virus
    infection(5,6). Here, we investigate the mechanism of neutralization by
    the E16 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds DIII. Structurally,
    the E16 antibody Fab fragment engages 16 residues positioned on four
    loops of DIII, a consensus neutralizing epitope sequence conserved in
    West Nile virus and distinct in other flaviviruses. The E16 epitope
    protrudes from the surface of mature virions in three distinct
    environments(7), and docking studies predict Fab binding will leave
    fivefold clustered epitopes exposed. We also show that E16 inhibits
    infection primarily at a step after viral attachment, potentially by
    blocking envelope glycoprotein conformational changes. Collectively,
    our results suggest that a vaccine strategy targeting the dominant DIII
    epitope may elicit safe and effective immune responses against
    flaviviral diseases.
 C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
    Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
    MacroGenics, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
 RP Fremont, DH, Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis,
    MO 63110 USA.
 EM Fremont@wustl.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 764
 EP 768
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900059
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU D'Autreaux, B
    Tucker, NP
    Dixon, R
    Spiro, S
 TI A non-haem iron centre in the transcription factor NorR senses nitric
    oxide
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NITROSYL COMPLEXES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE;
    SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PROTEIN; ACTIVATION; BINDING; FLAVORUBREDOXIN;
    INHIBITION; REDUCTION
 AB Nitric oxide ( NO), synthesized in eukaryotes by the NO synthases, has
    multiple roles in signalling pathways and in protection against
    pathogens(1,2). Pathogenic microorganisms have apparently evolved
    defence mechanisms that counteract the effects of NO and related
    reactive nitrogen species. Regulatory proteins that sense NO mediate
    the primary response to NO and nitrosative stress(3-9). The only
    regulatory protein in enteric bacteria known to serve exclusively as an
    NO-responsive transcription factor is the enhancer binding protein NorR
    (refs 9 - 11). In Escherichia coli, NorR activates the transcription of
    the nor VW genes encoding a flavorubredoxin (FlRd) and an associated
    flavoprotein, respectively, which together have NADH-dependent NO
    reductase activity(10,12-14). The NO-responsive activity of NorR raises
    important questions concerning the mechanism of NO sensing. Here we
    show that the regulatory domain of NorR contains a mononuclear non-haem
    iron centre, which reversibly binds NO. Binding of NO stimulates the
    ATPase activity of NorR, enabling the activation of transcription by
    RNA polymerase. The mechanism of NorR reveals an unprecedented
    biological role for a non-haem mononitrosyl - iron complex in NO
    sensing.
 C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England.
    Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
 RP Spiro, S, John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk,
    England.
 EM stephen.spiro@biology.gatech.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 769
 EP 772
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900060
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Melton, L
 TI Imaging: The big picture
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 C1 Novartis Fdn, London, England.
 RP Melton, L, Novartis Fdn, London, England.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 29
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 775
 EP +
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900061
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Reynolds, A
 TI Feeling rejected
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
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 VL 437
 IS 7059
 BP 788
 EP 788
 PG 1
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 GA 968JD
 UT ISI:000232157900062
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Abstractions
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 EP XI
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 PT J
 AU Stahl, D
 TI Making the paper
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000232004800002
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 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Don't keep your distance
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Value-free nanotech?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
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 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 PG 2
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800004
 ER
 
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 AU [Anon]
 TI Science after Katrina
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
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 UT ISI:000232004800005
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 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Astronomers reject the term 'planet'
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
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 UT ISI:000232004800006
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 PT J
 AU Reichhardt, T
 TI Planet spotters compete
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 UT ISI:000232004800007
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wild, J
 TI Brain imaging ready to detect terrorists, say neuroscientists
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Butler, D
 TI Flu researchers slam US agency for hoarding data
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800009
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI Industry money skews drug overviews
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schiermeier, Q
 TI Hurricane link to climate change is hazy
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB A brace of studies indicates that cyclones have increased in strength
    over thepast 30 years. Hurricanes have also been linked with global
    warming and climate change. However researchers have started to
    investigate how oceans interactwith the atmosphere in different parts
    of the world, to determine how and whynatural fluctuations favor
    different hurricane patterns in different ocean basins.
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fuyuno, I
 TI Lack of lab notes casts doubt on RNA researcher's results
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID CELLS
 NR 4
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
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 PT J
 AU Appel, A
 TI After Katrina: tracking the toxic flood
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Marine researchers are assessing the safety of fish and shellfish
    exposed to toxic flood waters in the Gulf of Mexico following Hurricane
    Katrina. The floodwaters are teeming with Escherichia coli and a wide
    range of chemicals. A team of scientists collected shrimp, oysters and
    Atlantic croakers and sent them to a laboratory to be tested for
    bacterial contamination and pollutants. The results are not yet known
    and serious attention is being paid to food safety along with concern
    that the hurricane has damaged important fish and shellfish stocks.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Race claims spark fury over Croatia's school curriculum
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The science minister in Croatia has come under fire from Croatian
    scientists who believe that their science minister is getting
    schoolteachers to promote the view that Croats are only distantly
    related to other Slavic populations. Thepilot phase of a new curriculum
    has just started in Croatian schools and includes history classes on
    the use of scientific techniques to analyse the distant past of human
    populations. Geneticists argue against his conclusions and saythat only
    one out of the dozen or so genetic markers analyzed revealed that
    Croats are more similar to Northern populations than to other Slavs.
 NR 1
 TC 2
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI Left behind
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Langenberg, H
 TI Inside information
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID SOLAR-RADIATION; SURFACE
 AB Earth's climate depends strongly on clouds. Heike Langenberg reports on
    two satellites that aim to cut through the layered structures of clouds
    to see how water droplets and airborne particles, or aerosols are
    distributed around the globe.
 NR 5
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Brumfiel, G
 TI Back to school
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 UT ISI:000232004800017
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 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Fishy futures
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB George Sugihara has gone from an academic career in biological
    oceanography tothe world of high finance, and back again. Now he is
    applying the lessons he learned in business to the conservation of fish
    stocks.
 NR 3
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Wadman, M
 TI Swooping for biotech
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 VL 437
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 PT J
 AU Dinerstein, E
    Irvin, WR
 TI Re-wilding: no need for exotics as natives return
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
    World Wildlife Fund, US Ecoreg Conservat, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
 RP Dinerstein, E, World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci, 1250 24th St,NW,
    Washington, DC 20036 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800020
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 PT J
 AU Shay, S
 TI Re-wilding: don't overlook humans living on the plains
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Hist, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
 RP Shay, S, Washington State Univ, Dept Hist, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
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 VL 437
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 BP 476
 EP 476
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800021
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Tepfer, M
 TI How synthetic biology can avoid GMO-style conflicts
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 ICGEB Biosafety Outstn, I-31056 Ca Tron Di Roncade, Italy.
 RP Tepfer, M, ICGEB Biosafety Outstn, Via Piovega 23, I-31056 Ca Tron Di
    Roncade, Italy.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Lewis, B
 TI Chiropractors start major study of spinal outcomes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 British Chiropract Assoc, Reading RG1 1QB, Berks, England.
 RP Lewis, B, British Chiropract Assoc, Blagrave House,17 Blagrave St,
    Reading RG1 1QB, Berks, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Polaszek, A
 TI A universal register for animal names
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Nat Hist Museum, Int Commiss Zool Nomenclature, London SW7 5BD, England.
 RP Polaszek, A, Nat Hist Museum, Int Commiss Zool Nomenclature, Cromwell
    Rd, London SW7 5BD, England.
 NR 0
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 EP 477
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Colinvaux, P
 TI Climate change and biodiversity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
 RP Colinvaux, P, Marine Biol Lab, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 479
 EP 479
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Isaacson, JS
 TI Nerve endings: The discovery of the synapse
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Isaacson, JS, Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla,
    CA 92093 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 EP 481
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Scull, A
 TI Lovers and livers: Disease concepts in history
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Sociol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Scull, A, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Sociol, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla,
    CA 92093 USA.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 481
 EP 481
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Baldocchi, D
 TI Environmental science - The carbon cycle under stress
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Baldocchi, D, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy &
    Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM baldocchi@nature.berkeley.edu
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
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 BP 483
 EP 484
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Liddington, R
    Bankston, L
 TI Structural biology - Origins of chemical biodefence
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID PROTEINS; DECAY
 C1 Burnham Inst, Infect & Inflammatory Dis Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 RP Liddington, R, Burnham Inst, Infect & Inflammatory Dis Ctr, 10901 N
    Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 EM rlidding@burnham.org
 NR 10
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Elliott, T
 TI Earth science - Unleaded high-performance
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; MELT MIGRATION; CONSEQUENCES; RIDGES
 C1 Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England.
 RP Elliott, T, Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Queens Rd, Bristol BS8 1RJ,
    Avon, England.
 EM tim.elliott@bristol.ac.uk
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 485
 EP 486
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Kelly, JW
 TI Structural biology - Form and function instructions
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BETA-SHEET
 C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 RP Kelly, JW, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA.
 EM jkelly@scripps.edu
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 486
 EP 487
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hartwig, J
 TI Synthetic chemistry - Recipes for excess
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID MONODENTATE P-LIGANDS; CATALYZED HYDROGENATION; CONVEY ASYMMETRY;
    ACHIRAL LIGANDS; MESO LIGANDS; ENANTIOSELECTIVITY; ADDITIVES; MIXTURES
 C1 Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 RP Hartwig, J, Yale Univ, Dept Chem, POB 208107, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 EM john.hartwig@yale.edu
 NR 12
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 487
 EP 488
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Stapf, S
 TI Techniques - Imaging at a distance
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID XENON NMR; MRI
 C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Chem & Macromol Chem, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
 RP Stapf, S, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Tech Chem & Macromol Chem,
    D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
 EM sstapf@mc.rwth-aachen.de
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fishman, MC
    Porter, JA
 TI Pharmaceuticals - A new grammar for drug discovery
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; DROSOPHILA; INHIBITOR; REDUCTASE;
    GENETICS; PATHWAY; BETA; MAP
 C1 Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Fishman, MC, Novartis Inst Biomed Res, 250 Massachusetts Ave,
    Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 EM mark.fishman@novartis.com
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 EP 493
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Frederickson, ME
    Greene, MJ
    Gordon, DM
 TI 'Devil's gardens' bedevilled by ants
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DUROIA-HIRSUTA; ALLELOPATHIC TREE; IRIDOID LACTONE; AMAZON
 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
    Univ Colorado, Dept Biol, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
    Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA.
 RP Frederickson, ME, Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM meganf@stanford.edu
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
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 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gillett, NP
 TI Climate modelling - Northern Hemisphere circulation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
 RP Gillett, NP, Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich
    NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England.
 EM n.gillett@uea.ac.uk
 NR 5
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
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 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Fowler, JH
 TI Human cooperation - Second-order free-riding problem solved?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID INDIRECT RECIPROCITY; REPUTATION; EVOLUTION
 C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Polit Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
 RP Fowler, JH, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Polit Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA
    95616 USA.
 EM jhfowler@ucdavis.edu
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP E8
 EP E8
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Panchanathan, K
    Boyd, R
 TI Human cooperation - Second-order free-riding problem solved? Reply
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID INDIRECT RECIPROCITY; EVOLUTION; PUNISHMENT; DEFECTORS
 C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
 RP Panchanathan, K, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Behav Evolut & Culture,
    Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
 EM buddha@ucla.edu
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP E8
 EP E9
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Weis, SM
    Cheresh, DA
 TI Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH-FACTOR; CADHERIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; FOCAL
    ADHESION KINASE; HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA; MICROVASCULAR
    PERMEABILITY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS; TUMOR
    VASCULATURE; FACTOR EXPRESSION; BETA-CATENIN
 AB Although vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) induces
    angiogenesis, it also disrupts vascular barrier function in diseased
    tissues. Accordingly, VEGF expression in cancer and ischaemic disease
    has unexpected pathophysiological consequences. By uncoupling
    endothelial cell - cell junctions VEGF causes vascular permeability and
    oedema, resulting in extensive injury to ischaemic tissues after stroke
    or myocardial infarction. In cancer, VEGF- mediated disruption of the
    vascular barrier may potentiate tumour cell extravasation, leading to
    widespread metastatic disease. Therefore, by blocking the vascular
    permeability promoting effects of VEGF it may be feasible to reduce
    tissue injury after ischaemic disease and minimize the invasive
    properties of circulating tumour cells.
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Moores UCSD Canc Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Cheresh, DA, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 EM dcheresh@ucsd.edu
 NR 100
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 497
 EP 504
 PG 8
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Janssen, BJC
    Huizinga, EG
    Raaijmakers, HCA
    Roos, A
    Daha, MR
    Nilsson-Ekdahl, K
    Nilsson, B
    Gros, P
 TI Structures of complement component C3 provide insights into the
    function and evolution of immunity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID INTERNAL THIOLESTER BOND; INITIAL C-3 CONVERTASE; RAY
    CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 3RD COMPONENT; FACTOR-H; DIFFRACTION DATA; PROTEIN
    C3; 2 PARTS; BINDING; THIOESTER
 AB The mammalian complement system is a phylogenetically ancient cascade
    system that has a major role in innate and adaptive immunity.
    Activation of component C3 ( 1,641 residues) is central to the three
    complement pathways and results in inflammation and elimination of self
    and non- self targets. Here we present crystal structures of native C3
    and its final major proteolytic fragment C3c. The structures reveal
    thirteen domains, nine of which were unpredicted, and suggest that the
    proteins of the alpha 2- macroglobulin family evolved from a core of
    eight homologous domains. A double mechanism prevents hydrolysis of the
    thioester group, essential for covalent attachment of activated C3 to
    target surfaces. Marked conformational changes in the alpha- chain,
    including movement of a critical interaction site through a ring formed
    by the domains of the beta- chain, indicate an unprecedented,
    conformation- dependent mechanism of activation, regulation and
    biological function of C3.
 C1 Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.
    Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Nephrol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands.
    Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Immunol, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
    Univ Kalmar, Dept Chem & Biomed Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
 RP Gros, P, Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, Padualaan 8,
    NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.
 EM p.gros@chem.uu.nl
 NR 51
 TC 2
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 505
 EP 511
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Socolich, M
    Lockless, SW
    Russ, WP
    Lee, H
    Gardner, KH
    Ranganathan, R
 TI Evolutionary information for specifying a protein fold
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID WW DOMAIN; MUTANT CYCLES; PDZ DOMAIN; BETA-SHEET; DETERMINANTS;
    DYNAMICS; CATALYSIS; PEPTIDE; PACKING; BINDING
 AB Classical studies show that for many proteins, the information required
    for specifying the tertiary structure is contained in the amino acid
    sequence. Here, we attempt to define the sequence rules for specifying
    a protein fold by computationally creating artificial protein sequences
    using only statistical information encoded in a multiple sequence
    alignment and no tertiary structure information. Experimental testing
    of libraries of artificial WW domain sequences shows that a simple
    statistical energy function capturing coevolution between amino acid
    residues is necessary and sufficient to specify sequences that fold
    into native structures. The artificial proteins show thermodynamic
    stabilities similar to natural WW domains, and structure determination
    of one artificial protein shows excellent agreement with the WW fold at
    atomic resolution. The relative simplicity of the information used for
    creating sequences suggests a marked reduction to the potential
    complexity of the protein- folding problem.
 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
 RP Ranganathan, R, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas,
    TX 75390 USA.
 EM rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu
 NR 50
 TC 2
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 512
 EP 518
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Le Fevre, O
    Paltani, S
    Arnouts, S
    Charlot, S
    Foucaud, S
    Ilbert, O
    McCracken, HJ
    Zamorani, G
    Bottini, D
    Garilli, B
    Le Brun, V
    Maccagni, D
    Picat, JP
    Scaramella, R
    Scodeggio, M
    Tresse, L
    Vettolani, G
    Zanichelli, A
    Adami, C
    Bardelli, S
    Bolzonella, M
    Cappi, A
    Ciliegi, P
    Contini, T
    Franzetti, P
    Gavignaud, I
    Guzzo, L
    Iovino, A
    Marano, B
    Marinoni, C
    Mazure, A
    Meneux, B
    Merighi, R
    Pello, R
    Pollo, A
    Pozzetti, L
    Radovich, M
    Zucca, E
    Arnaboldi, M
    Bondi, M
    Bongiorno, A
    Busarello, G
    Gregorini, L
    Lamareille, F
    Mathez, G
    Mellier, Y
    Merluzzi, P
    Ripepi, V
    Rizzo, D
 TI A large population of galaxies 9 to 12 billion years back in the
    history of the Universe
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; FRANCE REDSHIFT
    SURVEY; FORMING GALAXIES; STAR-FORMATION; DEEP-FIELD; BRIGHT
 AB To understand the evolution of galaxies, we need to know as accurately
    as possible how many galaxies were present in the Universe at different
    epochs(1). Galaxies in the young Universe have hitherto mainly been
    identified using their expected optical colours(2 - 4), but this leaves
    open the possibility that a significant population remains undetected
    because their colours are the result of a complex mix of stars, gas,
    dust or active galactic nuclei. Here we report the results of a flux-
    limited I- band survey of galaxies at look- back times of 9 to 12
    billion years. We find 970 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts
    between 1.4 and 5. This population is 1.6 to 6.2 times larger than
    previous estimates(2 - 4), with the difference increasing towards
    brighter magnitudes. Strong ultraviolet continua ( in the rest frame of
    the galaxies) indicate vigorous star formation rates of more than 10 -
    100 solar masses per year. As a consequence, the cosmic star formation
    rate representing the volume- averaged production of stars is higher
    than previously measured at redshifts of 3 to 4.
 C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6110, OAMP,Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille, France.
    Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany.
    Inst Astrophys, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France.
    IASF INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
    Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
    Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
    Observ Midi Pyrenees, UMR 5572, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France.
    IRA INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.
    European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
    Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy.
    Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
    Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France.
 RP Le Fevre, O, Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, UMR 6110, OAMP,Lab Astrophys
    Marseille, BP8, F-13376 Marseille, France.
 EM Olivier.LeFevre@oamp.fr
 NR 21
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 519
 EP 521
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Sawano, F
    Terasaki, I
    Mori, H
    Mori, T
    Watanabe, M
    Ikeda, N
    Nogami, Y
    Noda, Y
 TI An organic thyristor
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CONDUCTORS; STATE
 AB Thyristors are a class of nonlinear electronic device that exhibit
    bistable resistance - that is, they can be switched between two
    different conductance states(1). Thyristors are widely used as
    inverters ( direct to alternating current converters) and for the
    smooth control of power in a variety of applications such as motors and
    refrigerators. Materials and structures that exhibit nonlinear
    resistance of this sort are not only useful for practical applications:
    they also provide systems for exploring fundamental aspects of solid-
    state and statistical physics. Here we report the discovery of a giant
    nonlinear resistance effect in the conducting organic salt(2) theta- (
    BEDT- TTF) 2CsCo( SCN)(4), the voltage- current characteristics of
    which are essentially the same as those of a conventional thyristor.
    This intrinsic organic thyristor works as an inverter, generating an
    alternating current when a static direct- current voltage is applied.
    Whereas conventional thyristors consist of a series of diodes ( their
    nonlinearity comes from interface effects at the p- n junctions), the
    present salt exhibits giant nonlinear resistance as a bulk phenomenon.
    We attribute the origin of this effect to the current-induced melting
    of insulating charge- order domains, an intrinsically non- equilibrium
    phenomenon in the sense that ordered domains are melted by a steady
    flow.
 C1 Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
    Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan.
    Japan Sci & Technol Corp, CREST, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan.
    Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Organ & Polymer Mat, Tokyo 1528552, Japan.
    Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan.
    Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795198, Japan.
    Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan.
 RP Terasaki, I, Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan.
 EM terra@waseda.jp
 NR 13
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 522
 EP 524
 PG 3
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Yamamoto, J
    Nishiyama, I
    Inoue, M
    Yokoyama, H
 TI Optical isotropy and iridescence in a smectic 'blue phase'
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL
 AB When liquid crystal molecules are chiral, the twisted structure
    competes with spatially uniform liquid crystalline orders, resulting in
    a variety of modulated liquid crystal phases, such as the cholesteric
    blue phase(1), twist grain boundary(2 - 4) and smectic blue phases(5).
    Here we report a liquid crystal smectic blue phase ( SmBPiso), formed
    from a two- component mixture containing a chiral monomer and a ' twin'
    containing two repeat units of the first molecule connected by a linear
    hydrocarbon spacer. The phase exhibits the simultaneous presence of
    finite local- order parameters of helices and smectic layers, without
    any discontinuity on a mesoscopic length scale. The anomalous softening
    of elasticity due to a strong reduction in entropy caused by mixing the
    monomer and the twin permits the seamless coexistence of these two
    competing liquid crystal orders. The new phase spontaneously exhibits
    an optically isotropic but uniformly iridescent colour and
    automatically acquires spherical symmetry, so that the associated
    photonic band gap(6 - 9) maintains the same symmetry despite the local
    liquid crystalline order. We expect a range of unusual optical
    transmission properties based on this three-dimensional isotropic
    structure, and complete tunability due to the intrinsic softness and
    responsiveness of the liquid crystalline order against external fields.
 C1 ERATO, Yokoyama Nanostruct Liquid Crystal Project, JST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3002635, Japan.
    AIST, Nanotechnol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
 RP Yamamoto, J, Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto
    6068502, Japan.
 EM jun@junyamamoto.jp
 NR 17
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 525
 EP 528
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Ciais, P
    Reichstein, M
    Viovy, N
    Granier, A
    Ogee, J
    Allard, V
    Aubinet, M
    Buchmann, N
    Bernhofer, C
    Carrara, A
    Chevallier, F
    De Noblet, N
    Friend, AD
    Friedlingstein, P
    Grunwald, T
    Heinesch, B
    Keronen, P
    Knohl, A
    Krinner, G
    Loustau, D
    Manca, G
    Matteucci, G
    Miglietta, F
    Ourcival, JM
    Papale, D
    Pilegaard, K
    Rambal, S
    Seufert, G
    Soussana, JF
    Sanz, MJ
    Schulze, ED
    Vesala, T
    Valentini, R
 TI Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and
    drought in 2003
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CARBON; MODEL; FORESTS; BALANCE; STRESS; GROWTH; CO2
 AB Future climate warming is expected to enhance plant growth in temperate
    ecosystems and to increase carbon sequestration(1,2). But although
    severe regional heatwaves may become more frequent in a changing
    climate(3,4), their impact on terrestrial carbon cycling is unclear.
    Here we report measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes,
    remotely sensed radiation absorbed by plants, and country- level crop
    yields taken during the European heatwave in 2003. We use a terrestrial
    biosphere simulation model(5) to assess continental- scale changes in
    primary productivity during 2003, and their consequences for the net
    carbon balance. We estimate a 30 per cent reduction in gross primary
    productivity over Europe, which resulted in a strong anomalous net
    source of carbon dioxide ( 0.5 Pg Cyr(-1)) to the atmosphere and
    reversed the effect of four years of net ecosystem carbon
    sequestration(6). Our results suggest that productivity reduction in
    eastern and western Europe can be explained by rainfall deficit and
    extreme summer heat, respectively. We also find that ecosystem
    respiration decreased together with gross primary productivity, rather
    than accelerating with the temperature rise. Model results,
    corroborated by historical records of crop yields, suggest that such a
    reduction in Europe's primary productivity is unprecedented during the
    last century. An increase in future drought events could turn temperate
    ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-
    climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high
    latitudes(1,2).
 C1 Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
    Univ Tuscia, DISAFRI, Dept Forest Environm & Resources, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
    Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
    Ctr Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France.
    INRA, Ephyse, Funct Ecol & Environm Phys, F-33612 Villenave Dornon, France.
    INRA, Grassland Ecosyst Res, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand, France.
    ETH Zentrum, Inst Plant Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
    Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
    Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Meteorol, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
    Fdn CEAM, E-46980 Valencia, Spain.
    Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
    Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France.
    Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy.
    CNR, IBIMET, I-50144 Florence, Italy.
    CNRS, DREAM CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France.
    Riso Natl Lab, Biosyst Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
 RP Ciais, P, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
 EM philippe.ciais@cea.fr
 NR 28
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 529
 EP 533
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rubin, KH
    van der Zander, I
    Smith, MC
    Bergmanis, EC
 TI Minimum speed limit for ocean ridge magmatism from Pb-210-Ra-226-Th-230
    disequilibria
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID URANIUM DECAY SERIES; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; U-SERIES; RADIOACTIVE
    DISEQUILIBRIA; VOLCANIC-ROCKS; AXIAL VOLCANO; SEA-FLOOR; LAVAS;
    CONSTRAINTS; GENERATION
 AB Although 70 per cent of global crustal magmatism occurs at mid-ocean
    ridges(1) - where the heat budget controls crustal structure,
    hydrothermal activity and a vibrant biosphere - the tempo of magmatic
    inputs in these regions remains poorly understood. Such timescales can
    be assessed, however, with natural radioactive-decay- chain nuclides,
    because chemical disruption to secular equilibrium systems initiates
    parent - daughter disequilibria, which re- equilibrate by the shorter
    half- life in a pair. Here we use (210) Pb - (226) Ra - (230) Th
    radioactive disequilibria and other geochemical attributes in oceanic
    basalts less than 20 years old to infer that melts of the Earth's
    mantle can be transported, accumulated and erupted in a few decades.
    This implies that magmatic conditions can fluctuate rapidly at ridge
    volcanoes. (210) Pb deficits of up to 15 per cent relative to (226) Ra
    occur in normal mid- ocean ridge basalts, with the largest deficits in
    the most magnesium- rich lavas. The 22- year half- life of (210) Pb
    requires very recent fractionation of these two uranium- series
    nuclides. Relationships between (210) Pb- deficits, ( (226) Ra/ (230)
    Th) activity ratios and compatible trace- element ratios preclude
    crustal- magma differentiation or daughter- isotope degassing as the
    main causes for the signal. A mantle- melting model(2) can simulate
    observed disequilibria but preservation requires a subsequent mechanism
    to transport melt rapidly. The likelihood of magmatic disequilibria
    occurring before melt enters shallow crustal magma bodies also limits
    differentiation and heat replenishment timescales to decades at the
    localities studied.
 C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Ctr Volcanol, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
 RP Rubin, KH, Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Ctr Volcanol, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1680
    East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
 EM krubin@hawaii.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 534
 EP 538
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800046
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schorlemmer, D
    Wiemer, S
    Wyss, M
 TI Variations in earthquake-size distribution across different stress
    regimes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID FREQUENCY-MAGNITUDE DISTRIBUTION; B-VALUE; RECURRENCE TIMES;
    CALIFORNIA; VALUES; FAULTS; DEPTH; ROCK
 AB The earthquake size distribution follows, in most instances, a power
    law(1,2), with the slope of this power law, the ' b value', commonly
    used to describe the relative occurrence of large and small events ( a
    high b value indicates a larger proportion of small earthquakes, and
    vice versa). Statistically significant variations of b values have been
    measured in laboratory experiments, mines and various tectonic regimes
    such as subducting slabs, near magma chambers, along fault zones and in
    aftershock zones(3). However, it has remained uncertain whether these
    differences are due to differing stress regimes, as it was questionable
    that samples in small volumes ( such as in laboratory specimens, mines
    and the shallow Earth's crust) are representative of earthquakes in
    general. Given the lack of physical understanding of these differences,
    the observation that b values approach the constant 1 if large volumes
    are sampled(4) was interpreted to indicate that b = 1 is a universal
    constant for earthquakes in general(5). Here we show that the b value
    varies systematically for different styles of faulting. We find that
    normal faulting events have the highest b values, thrust events the
    lowest and strike- slip events intermediate values. Given that thrust
    faults tend to be under higher stress than normal faults we infer that
    the b value acts as a stress meter that depends inversely on
    differential stress.
 C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Seismol Serv, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
    World Agcy Planetary Monitoring & Earthquake Risk, CH-1207 Geneva, Switzerland.
 RP Schorlemmer, D, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Seismol
    Serv, Schafmattstr 30, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
 EM danijel@sed.ethz.ch
 NR 28
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 539
 EP 542
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800047
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Konneke, M
    Bernhard, AE
    de la Torre, JR
    Walker, CB
    Waterbury, JB
    Stahl, DA
 TI Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PLANKTONIC ARCHAEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEQUENCE DATA; CRENARCHAEOTA;
    BACTERIA; FIXATION
 AB For years, microbiologists characterized the Archaea as obligate
    extremophiles that thrive in environments too harsh for other
    organisms. The limited physiological diversity among cultivated Archaea
    suggested that these organisms were metabolically constrained to a few
    environmental niches. For instance, all Crenarchaeota that are
    currently cultivated are sulphur-metabolizing thermophiles(1). However,
    landmark studies using cultivation- independent methods uncovered vast
    numbers of Crenarchaeota in cold oxic ocean waters(2,3). Subsequent
    molecular surveys demonstrated the ubiquity of these low- temperature
    Crenarchaeota in aquatic and terrestrial environments(4). The numerical
    dominance of marine Crenarchaeota - estimated at 10(28) cells in the
    world's oceans(5) - suggests that they have a major role in global
    biogeochemical cycles. Indeed, isotopic analyses of marine crenarchaeal
    lipids suggest that these planktonic Archaea fix inorganic carbon(6).
    Here we report the isolation of a marine crenarchaeote that grows
    chemolithoautotrophically by aerobically oxidizing ammonia to nitrite -
    the first observation of nitrification in the Archaea. The autotrophic
    metabolism of this isolate, and its close phylogenetic relationship to
    environmental marine crenarchaeal sequences, suggests that nitrifying
    marine Crenarchaeota may be important to global carbon and nitrogen
    cycles.
 C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
    Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
 RP Stahl, DA, Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA
    98195 USA.
 EM dastahl@u.washington.edu
 NR 27
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 543
 EP 546
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800048
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wassen, MJ
    Venterink, HO
    Lapshina, ED
    Tanneberger, F
 TI Endangered plants persist under phosphorus limitation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; SPECIES RICHNESS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NITROGEN;
    RESTORATION; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSTRAINTS;
    GRASSLANDS
 AB Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of
    plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based
    on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species
    richness correlates negatively with high productivity(1,2) and nitrogen
    enrichment(3). However, as the type of nutrient limitation has never
    been examined on a large geographical scale the causality of these
    relationships is uncertain. We investigated species richness in
    herbaceous terrestrial ecosystems, sampled along a transect through
    temperate Eurasia that represented a gradient of declining levels of
    atmospheric nitrogen deposition - from similar to 50 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)
    in western Europe to natural background values of less than 5 kg ha(-1)
    yr(-1) in Siberia(4). Here we show that many more endangered plant
    species persist under phosphorus- limited than under nitrogen- limited
    conditions, and we conclude that enhanced phosphorus is more likely to
    be the cause of species loss than nitrogen enrichment. Our results
    highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of
    phosphorus enrichment, and for a stronger focus on conservation
    management to reduce phosphorus availability.
 C1 Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
    ETH, Geobot Inst, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland.
    Tomsk VV Kuibyshev State Univ, Dept Bot, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
    Univ Greifswald, Inst Bot & Landscape Ecol, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
 RP Wassen, MJ, Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev & Innovat,
    POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands.
 EM m.wassen@geo.uu.nl
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 547
 EP 550
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800049
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Nusbaum, C
    Zody, MC
    Borowsky, ML
    Kamal, M
    Kodira, CD
    Taylor, TD
    Whittaker, CA
    Chang, JL
    Cuomo, CA
    Dewar, K
    FitzGerald, MG
    Yang, XP
    Abouelleil, A
    Allen, NR
    Anderson, S
    Bloom, T
    Bugalter, B
    Butler, J
    Cook, A
    DeCaprio, D
    Engels, R
    Garber, M
    Gnirke, A
    Hafez, N
    Hall, JL
    Norman, CH
    Itoh, T
    Jaffe, DB
    Kuroki, Y
    Lehoczky, J
    Lui, A
    Macdonald, P
    Mauceli, E
    Mikkelsen, TS
    Naylor, JW
    Nicol, R
    Nguyen, C
    Noguchi, H
    O'Leary, SB
    Piqani, B
    Smith, CL
    Talamas, JA
    Topham, K
    Totoki, Y
    Toyoda, A
    Wain, HM
    Young, SK
    Zeng, QD
    Zimmer, AR
    Fujiyama, A
    Hattori, M
    Birren, BW
    Sakaki, Y
    Lander, ES
 TI DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID HUMAN GENOME; GENE DESERTS; EVOLUTION; MOUSE; DUPLICATION; DATABASE;
    INVERSION; SEARCH; BLAST; MAP
 AB Chromosome 18 appears to have the lowest gene density of any human
    chromosome and is one of only three chromosomes for which trisomic
    individuals survive to term(1). There are also a number of genetic
    disorders stemming from chromosome 18 trisomy and aneuploidy. Here we
    report the finished sequence and gene annotation of human chromosome
    18, which will allow a better understanding of the normal and disease
    biology of this chromosome. Despite the low density of protein- coding
    genes on chromosome 18, we find that the proportion of non-
    protein-coding sequences evolutionarily conserved among mammals is
    close to the genome- wide average. Extending this analysis to the
    entire human genome, we find that the density of conserved non-
    protein- coding sequences is largely uncorrelated with gene density.
    This has important implications for the nature and roles of non-
    protein- coding sequence elements.
 C1 MIT, Broad Inst, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
    Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
    RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan.
    Mitsubishi Res Inst Inc, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008141, Japan.
    Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 2770882, Japan.
    Univ London Univ Coll, Galton Lab, HUGO Gene Nomenclature Comm, London NW1 2HE, England.
    Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan.
    Kitasato Univ, Kitsato Inst Life Sci, Kanagawa 2288555, Japan.
 RP Nusbaum, C, MIT, Broad Inst, 320 Charles St, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA.
 EM chad@broad.mit.edu
 NR 34
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 551
 EP 555
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800050
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Harris, GC
    Wimmer, M
    Aston-Jones, G
 TI A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; RAT-BRAIN; HYPOCRETIN
    OREXIN; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; FOS EXPRESSION; PREFERENCE; STRESS;
    NEUROPEPTIDES; ENVIRONMENT
 AB The lateral hypothalamus is a brain region historically implicated in
    reward and motivation(1 - 4), but the identity of the neurotransmitters
    involved are unknown. The orexins ( or hypocretins) are neuropeptides
    recently identified as neurotransmitters in lateral hypothalamus
    neurons(5,6). Although knockout and transgenic overexpression studies
    have implicated orexin neurons in arousal and sleep(7), these cells
    also project to reward- associated brain regions, including the nucleus
    accumbens and ventral tegmental area(8,9). This indicates a possible
    role for these neurons in reward function and motivation(3,10),
    consistent with previous studies implicating these neurons in
    feeding(6). Here we show that activation of lateral hypothalamus orexin
    neurons is strongly linked to preferences for cues associated with drug
    and food reward. In addition, we show that chemical activation of
    lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons reinstates an extinguished drug-
    seeking behaviour. This reinstatement effect was completely blocked by
    prior administration of an orexin A antagonist. Moreover,
    administration of the orexin A peptide directly into the ventral
    tegmental area also reinstated drug- seeking. These data reveal a new
    role for lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons in reward- seeking, drug
    relapse and addiction.
 C1 Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Lab Neuromodulat & Behav, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 RP Harris, GC, Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Lab Neuromodulat & Behav, 705
    Stellar Chance 6100,422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
 EM glenda@dolphin.upenn.edu
 NR 31
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 556
 EP 559
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800051
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hsiung, F
    Ramirez-Weber, FA
    Iwaki, DD
    Kornberg, TB
 TI Dependence of Drosophila wing imaginal disc cytonemes on decapentaplegic
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID LONG-RANGE ACTION; GRADIENT FORMATION; MORPHOGEN GRADIENT; TRACHEAL
    SYSTEM; DPP; HEDGEHOG; CELLS; FGF; EXPRESSION; FILOPODIA
 AB The anterior/ posterior ( A/ P) and dorsal/ ventral ( D/ V) compartment
    borders that subdivide the wing imaginal discs of Drosophila third
    instar larvae are each associated with a developmental organizer.
    Decapentaplegic ( Dpp), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta
    ( TGF-beta) superfamily, embodies the activity of the A/ P organizer.
    It is produced at the A/ P organizer and distributes in a gradient of
    decreasing concentration to regulate target genes, functioning non-
    autonomously to regulate growth and patterning of both the anterior and
    posterior compartments(1 - 3). Wingless ( Wg) is produced at the D/ V
    organizer and embodies its activity(4,5). The mechanisms that
    distribute Dpp and Wg are not known, but proposed mechanisms include
    extracellular diffusion(6), successive transfers between neighbouring
    cells(7,8), vesicle- mediated movement(9), and direct transfer via
    cytonemes(10). Cytonemes are actin-based filopodial extensions that
    have been found to orient towards the A/ P organizer from outlying
    cells. Here we show that in the wing disc, cytonemes orient towards
    both the A/ P and D/ V organizers, and that their presence and
    orientation correlates with Dpp signalling. We also show that the Dpp
    receptor, Thickveins ( Tkv), is present in punctae that move along
    cytonemes. These observations are consistent with a role for cytonemes
    in signal transduction.
 C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
 RP Kornberg, TB, Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San
    Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
 EM tkornberg@biochem.ucsf.edu
 NR 24
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 560
 EP 563
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800052
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Varela, I
    Cadinanos, J
    Pendas, AM
    Gutierrez-Fernandez, A
    Folgueras, AR
    Sanchez, LM
    Zhou, ZJ
    Rodriguez, FJ
    Stewart, CL
    Vega, JA
    Tryggvason, K
    Freije, JMP
    Lopez-Otin, C
 TI Accelerated ageing in mice deficient in Zmpste24 protease is linked to
    p53 signalling activation
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID A-TYPE LAMINS; HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA; LIFE-SPAN; IN-VIVO;
    METALLOPROTEINASE; SENESCENCE; PHENOTYPES; MUTATIONS; CANCER; CELLS
 AB Zmpste24 ( also called FACE- 1) is a metalloproteinase involved in the
    maturation of lamin A ( Lmna), an essential component of the nuclear
    envelope(1 - 3). Both Zmpste24- and Lmna- deficient mice exhibit
    profound nuclear architecture abnormalities and multiple
    histopathological defects that phenocopy an accelerated ageing
    process(1,2,4,5). Similarly, diverse human progeroid syndromes are
    caused by mutations in ZMPSTE24 or LMNA genes(6 - 10). To elucidate the
    molecular mechanisms underlying these devastating diseases, we have
    analysed the transcriptional alterations occurring in tissues from
    Zmpste24- deficient mice. We demonstrate that Zmpste24 deficiency
    elicits a stress signalling pathway that is evidenced by a marked
    upregulation of p53 target genes, and accompanied by a senescence
    phenotype at the cellular level and accelerated ageing at the
    organismal level. These phenotypes are largely rescued in Zmpste24
    (-/-) Lmna (+/-) mice and partially reversed in Zmpste24 (-/-) p53
    (-/-) mice. These findings provide evidence for the existence of a
    checkpoint response activated by the nuclear abnormalities caused by
    prelamin A accumulation, and support the concept that hyperactivation
    of the tumour suppressor p53 may cause accelerated ageing(11).
 C1 Inst Univ Oncol, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Oviedo, Spain.
    Univ Oviedo, Dept Morfol & Biol Celular, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Div Matrix Biol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    NCI, Frederick, MD 21702 USA.
 RP Lopez-Otin, C, Inst Univ Oncol, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol,
    Oviedo, Spain.
 EM clo@uniovi.es
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 564
 EP 568
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800053
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zhang, J
    Hupfeld, CJ
    Taylor, SS
    Olefsky, JM
    Tsien, RY
 TI Insulin disrupts beta-adrenergic signalling to protein kinase A in
    adipocytes
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; GENE-EXPRESSION;
    GRANULOSA-CELLS; CAMP; PHOSPHORYLATION; BETA-ARRESTIN-1;
    DESENSITIZATION; STIMULATION; ACTIVATION
 AB Hormones mobilize intracellular second messengers and initiate
    signalling cascades involving protein kinases and phosphatases, which
    are often spatially compartmentalized by anchoring proteins to increase
    signalling specificity(1). These scaffold proteins may themselves be
    modulated by hormones(2 - 4). In adipocytes, stimulation of beta-
    adrenergic receptors increases cyclic AMP levels and activates protein
    kinase A ( PKA)(5), which stimulates lipolysis by phosphorylating
    hormone- sensitive lipase and perilipin(6 - 8). Acute insulin treatment
    activates phosphodiesterase 3B, reduces cAMP levels and quenches beta-
    adrenergic receptor signalling(9). In contrast, chronic
    hyperinsulinaemic conditions ( typical of type 2 diabetes) enhance
    beta- adrenergic receptor- mediated cAMP production(10). This
    amplification of cAMP signalling is paradoxical because it should
    enhance lipolysis, the opposite of the known short- term effect of
    hyperinsulinaemia. Here we show that in adipocytes, chronically high
    insulin levels inhibit beta- adrenergic receptors ( but not other cAMP-
    elevating stimuli) from activating PKA. We measured this using an
    improved fluorescent reporter and by phosphorylation of endogenous
    cAMP- response- element binding protein ( CREB). Disruption of PKA
    scaffolding mimics the interference of insulin with beta- adrenergic
    receptor signalling. Chronically high insulin levels may disrupt the
    close apposition of beta- adrenergic receptors and PKA, identifying a
    new mechanism for crosstalk between heterologous signal transduction
    pathways.
 C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Div Endocrinol & Metab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 RP Tsien, RY, Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
 EM rtsien@ucsd.edu
 NR 26
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 569
 EP 573
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800054
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dodge-Kafka, KL
    Soughayer, J
    Pare, GC
    Michel, JJC
    Langeberg, LK
    Kapiloff, MS
    Scott, JD
 TI The protein kinase A anchoring protein mAKAP coordinates two integrated
    cAMP effector pathways
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID CYCLIC-AMP; DEPENDENT REGULATION; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY;
    PHOSPHODIESTERASE; EPAC; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; MYOCYTES;
    BINDING; RAP1
 AB Cyclic adenosine 3', 5'- monophosphate ( cAMP) is a ubiquitous mediator
    of intracellular signalling events. It acts principally through
    stimulation of cAMP- dependent protein kinases ( PKAs)(1,2) but also
    activates certain ion channels and guanine nucleotide exchange factors
    ( Epacs)(3). Metabolism of cAMP is catalysed by phosphodiesterases (
    PDEs) (4,5). Here we identify a cAMP- responsive signalling complex
    maintained by the muscle-specific A- kinase anchoring protein ( mAKAP)
    that includes PKA, PDE4D3 and Epac1. These intermolecular interactions
    facilitate the dissemination of distinct cAMP signals through each
    effector protein. Anchored PKA stimulates PDE4D3 to reduce local cAMP
    concentrations, whereas an mAKAP- associated ERK5 kinase module
    suppresses PDE4D3. PDE4D3 also functions as an adaptor protein that
    recruits Epac1, an exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1, to enable
    cAMP- dependent attenuation of ERK5. Pharmacological and molecular
    manipulations of the mAKAP complex show that anchored ERK5 can induce
    cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, two coupled cAMP- dependent feedback
    loops are coordinated within the context of the mAKAP complex,
    suggesting that local control of cAMP signalling by AKAP proteins is
    more intricate than previously appreciated.
 C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Vollum Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA.
    Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97239 USA.
 RP Scott, JD, Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Vollum Inst,
    Portland, OR 97239 USA.
 EM scott@ohsu.edu
 NR 30
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 574
 EP 578
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800055
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Russ, WP
    Lowery, DM
    Mishra, P
    Yaffe, MB
    Ranganathan, R
 TI Natural-like function in artificial WW domains
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID YES-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; LIGAND RECOGNITION; PROLINE; DESIGN;
    SPECIFICITY; MECHANISM; REDESIGN; COMPLEX; MODULES
 AB Protein sequences evolve through random mutagenesis with selection for
    optimal fitness(1). Cooperative folding into a stable tertiary
    structure is one aspect of fitness, but evolutionary selection
    ultimately operates on function, not on structure. In the accompanying
    paper(2), we proposed a model for the evolutionary constraint on a
    small protein interaction module ( the WW domain) through application
    of the SCA, a statistical analysis of multiple sequence
    alignments(3,4). Construction of artificial protein sequences directed
    only by the SCA showed that the information extracted by this analysis
    is sufficient to engineer the WW fold at atomic resolution. Here, we
    demonstrate that these artificial WW sequences function like their
    natural counterparts, showing class-specific recognition of proline-
    containing target peptides(5 - 8). Consistent with SCA predictions, a
    distributed network of residues mediates functional specificity in WW
    domains. The ability to recapitulate natural- like function in designed
    sequences shows that a relatively small quantity of sequence
    information is sufficient to specify the global energetics of amino
    acid interactions.
 C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA.
    MIT, Dept Biol, Ctr Canc Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    MIT, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
 RP Ranganathan, R, Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas,
    TX 75390 USA.
 EM rama.ranganathan@utsouthwestern.edu
 NR 29
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 579
 EP 583
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800056
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Torres-Larios, A
    Swinger, KK
    Krasilnikov, AS
    Pan, T
    Mondragon, A
 TI Crystal structure of the RNA component of bacterial ribonuclease P
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PHOTOAFFINITY CROSS-LINKING; MAGNESIUM-IONS; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ENZYME;
    CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSTRATE; RIBOZYME; RECOGNITION;
    BINDING; DOMAIN
 AB Transfer RNA ( tRNA) is produced as a precursor molecule that needs to
    be processed at its 30 and 50 ends. Ribonuclease P is the sole
    endonuclease responsible for processing the 50 end of tRNA by cleaving
    the precursor and leading to tRNA maturation. It was one of the first
    catalytic RNA molecules identified(1) and consists of a single RNA
    component in all organisms and only one protein component in bacteria.
    It is a true multi- turnover ribozyme and one of only two ribozymes (
    the other being the ribosome) that are conserved in all kingdoms of
    life. Here we show the crystal structure at 3.85 angstrom resolution of
    the RNA component of Thermotoga maritima ribonuclease P. The entire RNA
    catalytic component is revealed, as well as the arrangement of the two
    structural domains. The structure shows the general architecture of the
    RNA molecule, the inter- and intra- domain interactions, the location
    of the universally conserved regions, the regions involved in pre- tRNA
    recognition and the location of the active site. A model with bound
    tRNA is in agreement with all existing data and suggests the general
    basis for RNA - RNA recognition by this ribozyme.
 C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
    Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
 RP Mondragon, A, Northwestern Univ, Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Cell Biol,
    2153 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
 EM a-mondragon@northwestern.edu
 NR 30
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 584
 EP 587
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800057
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rosenbaum, B
 TI Falling - The view from here.
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 22
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7058
 BP 594
 EP 594
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 966FF
 UT ISI:000232004800058
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI The hand that feeds
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 295
 EP 295
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100001
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI Global reach
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 295
 EP 296
 PG 2
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100002
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU [Anon]
 TI All things equal
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 296
 EP 296
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100003
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI New Orleans researchers fight to salvage work from submerged labs
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Hurricane Katrina has devastated research laboratories in New Orleans.
    Rescue teams discovered that many frozen specimens and cell cultures
    had thawed, making them useless, some projects however have been saved
    by academic rescue teamgoing into flooded buildings and topping up
    dewars of liquid nitrogen to keepspecimens cold. Scientists have moved
    as far as California to maintain their projects after the aftermath of
    Hurricane Katrina.
 NR 1
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 300
 EP 300
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100004
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marris, E
    Marris, E
 TI First tests show flood waters high in bacteria and lead
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB As the clean- up operation along the US Gulf Coast gets into full
    swing, the environmental effects of Hurricane Katrina are slowly coming
    light.
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 301
 EP 301
 PG 1
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100005
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schiermeier, Q
 TI US tests satellite tool for hurricane monitoring
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
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 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 PT J
 AU Dalton, R
 TI Ornithologists stunned by bird collector's deceit
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The British Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen earned many illustrious
    titles during his life of globe-trotting, including soldier, spy and
    even scientist. Now an extensive analysis of bird specimens he
    collected across continents adds another label: fraud artist.
 NR 0
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 UT ISI:000231849100007
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 PT J
 AU Dennis, C
 TI Free mice herald launch of Asia-Pacific network
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Developmental biologists in Asia-Pacific countries have come up with an
    intriguing incentive to boost research in the region giving away
    transgenic mice forfree.
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100008
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Khamsi, R
 TI Can we score the millennium goals?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB As world leaders gather in New York this week to discuss the future of
    the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, critics are warning
    that many of the targets cannot be evaluated scientifically. Unless the
    goals are peer reviewed and amended to take account of what can
    actually be measured, they say, theproject will fail.
 NR 0
 TC 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100009
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 PT J
 AU Wild, J
 TI Europe backs trials on drugs for kids
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB The European parliament has decided that clinical drug trials should be
    preformed on children in approprite age groups.To date drug companies
    have been slowto test their products on children.
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
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 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100010
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Check, E
 TI UK embryo licence draws global attention
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 AB Scientists in Britain have been granted permission to perform
    controversial experiments that will create human embryos using genetic
    material from three people.Scientists are allowed to transfer the
    nucleus of a fertilized egg into anegg donated by a second woman.
 NR 0
 TC 1
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100011
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Reichhardt, T
 TI Spacecraft on course to score a first with asteroid samples
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100012
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Giles, J
 TI The nightmare before funding
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 2
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100013
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Abbott, A
 TI Paper, paper, everywhere ...
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100014
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Bergeron, K
 TI The inside track
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100015
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Marshall, J
 TI Megacity, mega mess ...
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 ID RISK-FACTORS; INDONESIA; JAKARTA
 NR 7
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100016
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Chipman, A
 TI Defence group aims for take-off
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100017
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Schiermeier, Q
 TI Market watch
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT News Item
 NR 0
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100018
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Smith, CI
 TI Re-wilding: introductions could reduce biodiversity
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
 RP Smith, CI, Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA.
 NR 2
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 UT ISI:000231849100019
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 PT J
 AU Chapron, G
 TI Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 CNRS, UMR 7625, Ecol Lab, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Ecole Normale Super, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Univ Angers, Lab Ecol Anim UMR MA105, Angers, France.
 RP Chapron, G, CNRS, UMR 7625, Ecol Lab, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris,
    France.
 NR 2
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100020
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Phang, IY
 TI Malaysia can't thrive while it excludes minority talent
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Twente, Dept Mat Sci & Technol Polymers, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
 RP Phang, IY, Univ Twente, Dept Mat Sci & Technol Polymers, POB 217,
    NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100021
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 PT J
 AU Dodd, AN
    Hotta, CT
    Gardner, MJ
 TI Harry Potter and the prisoner of presumption
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Letter
 C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England.
 RP Dodd, AN, Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2
    3EA, England.
 NR 1
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100022
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Markl, HS
 TI Insatiable curiosity: Innovation in a fragile future
 SO NATURE
 LA German
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany.
 RP Markl, HS, Univ Konstanz, Dept Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100023
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Hunt, J
 TI The weather in the imagination
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Coll London, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, Dept Space & Climate Phys, London WC1E 6BT, England.
 RP Hunt, J, Univ Coll London, Ctr Polar Observ & Modelling, Dept Space &
    Climate Phys, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100024
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Findlay, JM
 TI The moving tablet of the eye: The origins of modern eye movement
    research
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Book Review
 C1 Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
 RP Findlay, JM, Univ Durham, Dept Psychol, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE,
    England.
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100025
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Farmelo, G
 TI Dirac's hidden geometry
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 RP Farmelo, G, Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
 NR 2
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 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100026
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mohanty, P
 TI Nanotechnology - Nano-oscillators get it together
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
 RP Mohanty, P, Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA
    02215 USA.
 EM mohanty@physics.bu.edu
 NR 12
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100027
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rogers, YH
    Venter, JC
 TI Genomics - Massively parallel sequencing
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
 RP Rogers, YH, J Craig Venter Inst, 9704 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850
    USA.
 EM jcventer@venterinstitute.org
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100028
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Meerholz, K
 TI Device physics - Enlightening solutions
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID POLYMERS
 C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
 RP Meerholz, K, Univ Cologne, Inst Phys Chem, Luxemburgerstr 116, D-50939
    Cologne, Germany.
 EM klaus.meerholz@uni-koeln.de
 NR 8
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100029
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Barrientos, S
 TI Earthquakes - Giant returns in time
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID DEFORMATION; CHILE
 C1 Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
 RP Barrientos, S, Preparatory Commiss Comprehens Nucl Test Ban Trea, POB
    1200, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
 EM sergio.barrientos@ctbto.org
 NR 9
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100030
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Winans, SC
 TI Microbiology - Bacterial speech bubbles
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
 RP Winans, SC, Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
 EM scw2@cornell.edu
 NR 4
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100031
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Mahadevan, L
    Mitchison, TJ
 TI Cell biology: powerful curves (vol 435, pg 895, 2005)
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Correction
 ID CAP
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100032
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Heimann, M
 TI Charles David Keeling 1928-2005 - Pioneer in the modern science of
    climate change. Obituary
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Biographical-Item
 C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
 RP Heimann, M, Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, PF 100164, D-07701 Jena,
    Germany.
 EM martin.heimann@bgc-jena.mpg.de
 NR 1
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100033
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Spalding, KL
    Buchholz, BA
    Bergman, LE
    Druid, H
    Frisen, J
 TI Age written in teeth by nuclear tests
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID C-14
 C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Med Nobel Inst, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Forens Med, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
 RP Spalding, KL, Karolinska Inst, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Med Nobel Inst,
    S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
 EM jonas.frisen@cmb.ki.se
 NR 10
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100034
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Gandia-Herrero, F
    Garcia-Carmona, F
    Escribano, J
 TI Floral fluorescence effect
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID BETAXANTHINS
 C1 Univ Murcia, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol A, Unidad Docente Biol, Fac Vet, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
 RP Gandia-Herrero, F, Univ Murcia, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol A, Unidad
    Docente Biol, Fac Vet, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
 EM gcarmona@um.es
 NR 10
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100035
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Wang, JM
 TI Hoogsteen base-pairing in DNA replication?
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID POLYMERASE; IOTA; INHIBITORS; PROTEASE
 C1 Yale Univ, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 RP Wang, JM, Yale Univ, Ctr Struct Biol, Dept Mol Biophys & Biochem, New
    Haven, CT 06520 USA.
 EM wang@csb.yale.edu
 NR 6
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100036
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Aggarwal, A
    Nair, D
    Johnson, R
    Prakash, L
    Prakash, S
 TI Hoogsteen base-pairing in DNA replication? Reply
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 ID POLYMERASE-IOTA
 C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY 10029 USA.
    Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Mol Sci, Galveston, TX 77755 USA.
 RP Aggarwal, A, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, New York, NY
    10029 USA.
 EM aggarwal@inka.mssm.edu
 NR 5
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 VL 437
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100037
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Rees, J
 TI Bio-oceanography
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Editorial Material
 NR 0
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100038
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU DeLong, EF
    Karl, DM
 TI Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID SURFACE WATERS; SARGASSO SEA; MARINE; SEQUENCE; BACTERIOPLANKTON;
    OCEAN; BACTERIUM; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; COMMUNITY
 AB The global ocean is an integrated living system where energy and matter
    transformations are governed by interdependent physical, chemical and
    biotic processes. Although the fundamentals of ocean physics and
    chemistry are well established, comprehensive approaches to describing
    and interpreting oceanic microbial diversity and processes are only now
    emerging. In particular, the application of genomics to problems in
    microbial oceanography is significantly expanding our understanding of
    marine microbial evolution, metabolism and ecology. Integration of
    these new genome-enabled insights into the broader framework of ocean
    science represents one of the great contemporary challenges for
    microbial oceanographers.
 C1 MIT 48 427, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    MIT 48 427, Div Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
    Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
 RP DeLong, EF, MIT 48 427, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139
    USA.
 EM delong@mit.edu
 NR 51
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 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
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 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100039
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Giovannoni, SJ
    Stingl, U
 TI Molecular diversity and ecology of microbial plankton
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; RIBOSOMAL-RNA
    GENES; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; COMMUNITY
    STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PROCHLOROCOCCUS ECOTYPES;
    SPHINGOMONAS-ALASKENSIS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN
 AB The history of microbial evolution in the oceans is probably as old as
    the history of life itself. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems,
    microorganisms are the main form of biomass in the oceans, and form
    some of the largest populations on the planet. Theory predicts that
    selection should act more efficiently in large populations. But whether
    microbial plankton populations harbour organisms that are models of
    adaptive sophistication remains to be seen. Genome sequence data are
    piling up, but most of the key microbial plankton clades have no
    cultivated representatives, and information about their ecological
    activities is sparse.
 C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
 RP Giovannoni, SJ, Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331
    USA.
 EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu
 NR 72
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 343
 EP 348
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100040
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Arrigo, KR
 TI Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID ANAEROBIC AMMONIUM OXIDATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; BENGUELA UPWELLING
    SYSTEM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; N-2
    PRODUCTION; CO-LIMITATION; CARBON-CYCLE; PHOSPHORUS
 AB The way that nutrients cycle through atmospheric, terrestrial, oceanic
    and associated biotic reservoirs can constrain rates of biological
    production and help structure ecosystems on land and in the sea. On a
    global scale, cycling of nutrients also affects the concentration of
    atmospheric carbon dioxide. Because of their capacity for rapid growth,
    marine microorganisms are a major component of global nutrient cycles.
    Understanding what controls their distributions and their diverse suite
    of nutrient transformations is a major challenge facing contemporary
    biological oceanographers. What is emerging is an appreciation of the
    previously unknown degree of complexity within the marine microbial
    community.
 C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 RP Arrigo, KR, Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
 EM arrigo@stanford.edu
 NR 74
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 349
 EP 355
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100041
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Suttle, CA
 TI Viruses in the sea
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID ALGA HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; MARINE VIRAL COMMUNITIES; COMPLETE GENOME
    SEQUENCE; EPIFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS GENES; AQUATIC
    ENVIRONMENTS; COUNTING VIRUSES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DNA; DIVERSITY
 AB Viruses exist wherever life is found. They are a major cause of
    mortality, a driver of global geochemical cycles and a reservoir of the
    greatest genetic diversity on Earth. In the oceans, viruses probably
    infect all living things, from bacteria to whales. They affect the form
    of available nutrients and the termination of algal blooms. Viruses can
    move between marine and terrestrial reservoirs, raising the spectre of
    emerging pathogens. Our understanding of the effect of viruses on
    global systems and processes continues to unfold, overthrowing the idea
    that viruses and virus-mediated processes are sidebars to global
    processes.
 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 RP Suttle, CA, Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
 EM csuttle@eos.ubc.ca
 NR 85
 TC 1
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 356
 EP 361
 PG 6
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100042
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Smetacek, V
    Nicol, S
 TI Polar ocean ecosystems in a changing world
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Review
 ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; SEA-ICE EXTENT;
    SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ANTARCTIC KRILL; PACK-ICE; PLEISTOCENE MEGAFAUNA; IRON
    FERTILIZATION; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE-CHANGE
 AB Polar organisms have adapted their seasonal cycles to the dynamic
    interface between ice and water. This interface ranges from the
    micrometre-sized brine channels within sea ice to the planetary-scale
    advance and retreat of sea ice. Polar marine ecosystems are
    particularly sensitive to climate change because small temperature
    differences can have large effects on the extent and thickness of sea
    ice. Little is known about the interactions between large, long-lived
    organisms and their planktonic food supply. Disentangling the effects
    of human exploitation of upper trophic levels from basin-wide,
    decade-scale climate cycles to identify long-term, global trends is a
    daunting challenge facing polar bio-oceanography.
 C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
    Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Heritage, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia.
 RP Smetacek, V, Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Handelshafen 12,
    D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
 EM vsmetacek@awi-bremerhaven.de
 NR 62
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 362
 EP 368
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100043
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Zenz, R
    Eferl, R
    Kenner, L
    Florin, L
    Hummerich, L
    Mehic, D
    Scheuch, H
    Angel, P
    Tschachler, E
    Wagner, EF
 TI Psoriasis-like skin disease and arthritis caused by inducible epidermal
    deletion of Jun proteins
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID MICE LACKING JUNB; TRANSGENIC MICE; ACTIVATED KERATINOCYTES;
    DOWN-REGULATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; MOUSE MODEL; STEM-CELLS; T-CELLS;
    C-JUN; EXPRESSION
 AB Psoriasis is a frequent, inflammatory disease of skin and joints with
    considerable morbidity. Here we report that in psoriatic lesions,
    epidermal keratinocytes have decreased expression of JunB, a gene
    localized in the psoriasis susceptibility region PSORS6. Likewise,
    inducible epidermal deletion of JunB and its functional companion c-Jun
    in adult mice leads ( within two weeks) to a phenotype resembling the
    histological and molecular hallmarks of psoriasis, including arthritic
    lesions. In contrast to the skin phenotype, the development of
    arthritic lesions requires T and B cells and signalling through tumour
    necrosis factor receptor 1 ( TNFR1). Prior to the disease onset, two
    chemotactic proteins (S100A8 and S100A9) previously mapped to the
    psoriasis susceptibility region PSORS4, are strongly induced in mutant
    keratinocytes in vivo and in vitro. We propose that the abrogation of
    JunB/activator protein 1 (AP-1) in keratinocytes triggers
    chemokine/cytokine expression, which recruits neutrophils and
    macrophages to the epidermis thereby contributing to the phenotypic
    changes observed in psoriasis. Thus, these data support the hypothesis
    that epidermal alterations are sufficient to initiate both skin lesions
    and arthritis in psoriasis.
 C1 Res Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
    Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Signal Transduct & Growth Control, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Mol Genet, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
    Med Univ Vienna, Dept Dermatol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
    Ctr Rech & Invest Epiderm & Sensorielles, F-9251 Neuilly, France.
 RP Wagner, EF, Res Inst Mol Pathol, Dr Bohr Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna,
    Austria.
 EM wagner@imp.univie.ac.at
 NR 50
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 369
 EP 375
 PG 7
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100044
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Margulies, M
    Egholm, M
    Altman, WE
    Attiya, S
    Bader, JS
    Bemben, LA
    Berka, J
    Braverman, MS
    Chen, YJ
    Chen, ZT
    Dewell, SB
    Du, L
    Fierro, JM
    Gomes, XV
    Godwin, BC
    He, W
    Helgesen, S
    Ho, CH
    Irzyk, GP
    Jando, SC
    Alenquer, MLI
    Jarvie, TP
    Jirage, KB
    Kim, JB
    Knight, JR
    Lanza, JR
    Leamon, JH
    Lefkowitz, SM
    Lei, M
    Li, J
    Lohman, KL
    Lu, H
    Makhijani, VB
    McDade, KE
    McKenna, MP
    Myers, EW
    Nickerson, E
    Nobile, JR
    Plant, R
    Puc, BP
    Ronan, MT
    Roth, GT
    Sarkis, GJ
    Simons, JF
    Simpson, JW
    Srinivasan, M
    Tartaro, KR
    Tomasz, A
    Vogt, KA
    Volkmer, GA
    Wang, SH
    Wang, Y
    Weiner, MP
    Yu, PG
    Begley, RF
    Rothberg, JM
 TI Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID PYROPHOSPHATE; MOLECULES; EVOLUTION
 AB The proliferation of large-scale DNA-sequencing projects in recent
    years has driven a search for alternative methods to reduce time and
    cost. Here we describe a scalable, highly parallel sequencing system
    with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art
    capillary electrophoresis instruments. The apparatus uses a novel
    fibre-optic slide of individual wells and is able to sequence 25
    million bases, at 99% or better accuracy, in one four-hour run. To
    achieve an approximately 100-fold increase in throughput over current
    Sanger sequencing technology, we have developed an emulsion method for
    DNA amplification and an instrument for sequencing by synthesis using a
    pyrosequencing protocol optimized for solid support and picolitre-scale
    volumes. Here we show the utility, throughput, accuracy and robustness
    of this system by shotgun sequencing and de novo assembly of the
    Mycoplasma genitalium genome with 96% coverage at 99.96% accuracy in
    one run of the machine.
 C1 Life Sci Corp 454, Branford, CT 06405 USA.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
    Rockefeller Univ, Microbiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA.
    Rothberg Inst Childhood Dis, Guilford, CT 06437 USA.
 RP Rothberg, JM, Life Sci Corp 454, 20 Commercial St, Branford, CT 06405
    USA.
 EM jrothberg@454.com
 NR 22
 TC 5
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 376
 EP 380
 PG 5
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100045
 ER
 
 PT J
 AU Magain, P
    Letawe, G
    Courbin, F
    Jablonka, P
    Jahnke, K
    Meylan, G
    Wisotzki, L
 TI Discovery of a bright quasar without a massive host galaxy
 SO NATURE
 LA English
 DT Article
 ID NEARBY LUMINOUS QUASARS; STELLAR OBJECTS; BLACK-HOLES; IMAGES;
    DECONVOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; BULGE
 AB A quasar is thought to be powered by the infall of matter onto a
    supermassive black hole at the centre of a massive galaxy(1,2). Because
    the optical luminosity of quasars exceeds that of their host galaxy,
    disentangling the two components can be difficult. This led in the
    1990s to the controversial claim of the discovery of 'naked'
    quasars(3-7). Since then, the connection between quasars and galaxies
    has been well established(8). Here we report the discovery of a quasar
    lying at the edge of a gas cloud, whose size is comparable to that of a
    small galaxy, but whose spectrum shows no evidence for stars. The gas
    in the cloud is excited by the quasar itself. If a host galaxy is
    present, it is at least six times fainter than would normally be
    expected(8,9) for such a bright quasar. The quasar is interacting
    dynamically with a neighbouring galaxy, whose gas might be feeding the
    black hole.
 C1 Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland.
    Univ Geneve Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland.
    Observ Paris, UMR 8111, GEPI, F-75014 Paris, France.
    Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany.
 RP Magain, P, Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Allee 6 Aout,17,Bat
    B5C, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
 EM Pierre.Magain@ulg.ac.be
 NR 21
 TC 0
 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
 PI LONDON
 PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
 SN 0028-0836
 J9 NATURE
 JI Nature
 PD SEP 15
 PY 2005
 VL 437
 IS 7057
 BP 381
 EP 384
 PG 4
 SC Multidisciplinary Sciences
 GA 964AS
 UT ISI:000231849100046
 ER
 
 EF