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Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="tabular"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="thebibliography.html#thebibliography" accesskey="n" rel="next">thebibliography</a>, Previous: <a href="table.html#table" accesskey="p" rel="prev">table</a>, Up: <a href="Environments.html#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="tabular-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">8.23 <code>tabular</code></h3> 0121 0122 <a name="index-environment_002c-tabular"></a> 0123 <a name="index-tabular-environment"></a> 0124 0125 <a name="index-lines-in-tables"></a> 0126 <a name="index-lining-text-up-in-tables"></a> 0127 0128 <p>Synopsis: 0129 </p> 0130 <div class="example"> 0131 <pre class="example">\begin{tabular}[<var>pos</var>]{<var>cols</var>} 0132 <var>column 1 entry</var> &<var>column 2 entry</var> ... &<var>column n entry</var> \\ 0133 ... 0134 \end{tabular} 0135 </pre></div> 0136 0137 <p>or 0138 </p> 0139 <div class="example"> 0140 <pre class="example">\begin{tabular*}{<var>width</var>}[<var>pos</var>]{<var>cols</var>} 0141 <var>column 1 entry</var> &<var>column 2 entry</var> ... &<var>column n entry</var> \\ 0142 ... 0143 \end{tabular*} 0144 </pre></div> 0145 0146 <p>Produce a table, a box consisting of a sequence of horizontal rows. 0147 Each row consists of items that are aligned vertically in columns. This 0148 illustrates many of the features. 0149 </p> 0150 <div class="example"> 0151 <pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{l|l} 0152 \textit{Player name} &\textit{Career home runs} \\ 0153 \hline 0154 Hank Aaron &755 \\ 0155 Babe Ruth &714 0156 \end{tabular} 0157 </pre></div> 0158 0159 <p>The output will have two left-aligned columns with a vertical bar 0160 between them. This is specified in <code>tabular</code>’s argument 0161 <code>{l|l}</code>. 0162 <a name="index-_0026"></a> 0163 Put the entries into different columns by separating them with an 0164 ampersand, <code>&</code>. The end of each row is marked with a double 0165 backslash, <code>\\</code>. Put a horizontal rule below a row, after a double 0166 backslash, with <code>\hline</code>. 0167 <a name="index-_005c_005c-for-tabular"></a> 0168 After the last row the <code>\\</code> is optional, unless an <code>\hline</code> 0169 command follows to put a rule below the table. 0170 </p> 0171 <p>The required and optional arguments to <code>tabular</code> consist of: 0172 </p> 0173 <dl compact="compact"> 0174 <dt><var>pos</var></dt> 0175 <dd><p>Optional. Specifies the table’s vertical position. The default is to 0176 align the table so its vertical center matches the baseline of the 0177 surrounding text. There are two other possible alignments: <code>t</code> 0178 aligns the table so its top row matches the baseline of the surrounding 0179 text, and <code>b</code> aligns on the bottom row. 0180 </p> 0181 <p>This only has an effect if there is other text. In the common case of a 0182 <code>tabular</code> alone in a <code>center</code> environment this option makes 0183 no difference. 0184 </p> 0185 </dd> 0186 <dt><var>cols</var></dt> 0187 <dd><p>Required. Specifies the formatting of columns. It consists of a 0188 sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the types of 0189 column and intercolumn material. 0190 </p> 0191 <dl compact="compact"> 0192 <dt><code>l</code></dt> 0193 <dd><p>A column of left-aligned items. 0194 </p> 0195 </dd> 0196 <dt><code>r</code></dt> 0197 <dd><p>A column of right-aligned items. 0198 </p> 0199 </dd> 0200 <dt><code>c</code></dt> 0201 <dd><p>A column of centered items. 0202 </p> 0203 </dd> 0204 <dt><code>|</code></dt> 0205 <dd><p>A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. 0206 </p> 0207 </dd> 0208 <dt><code>@{<var>text or space</var>}</code></dt> 0209 <dd><p>Insert <var>text or space</var> at this location in every row. The <var>text 0210 or space</var> material is typeset in LR mode. This text is fragile 0211 (see <a href="_005cprotect.html#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>). 0212 </p> 0213 <p>If between two columns there is no @-expression then LaTeX’s 0214 <code>book</code>, <code>article</code>, and <code>report</code> classes will put on 0215 either side of each column a space of length <code>\tabcolsep</code>, which by 0216 default is 6pt. That is, by default adjacent columns are 0217 separated by 12pt (so <code>\tabcolsep</code> is misleadingly named 0218 since it is only half of the separation between tabular columns). In 0219 addition, a space of 6pt also comes before the first column and 0220 after the final column, unless you put a <code>@{...}</code> or <code>|</code> 0221 there. 0222 </p> 0223 <p>If you override the default and use an @-expression then LaTeX does 0224 not insert <code>\tabcolsep</code> so you must insert any desired space 0225 yourself, as in <code>@{\hspace{1em}}</code>. 0226 </p> 0227 <p>An empty expression <code>@{}</code> will eliminate the space. In 0228 particular, sometimes you want to eliminate the space before the first 0229 column or after the last one, as in the example below where the 0230 tabular lines need to lie on the left margin. 0231 </p> 0232 <div class="example"> 0233 <pre class="example">\begin{flushleft} 0234 \begin{tabular}{@{}l} 0235 ... 0236 \end{tabular} 0237 \end{flushleft} 0238 </pre></div> 0239 0240 <p>The next example shows text, a decimal point between the columns, 0241 arranged so the numbers in the table are aligned on it. 0242 </p> 0243 <div class="example"> 0244 <pre class="example">\begin{tabular}{r@{$.$}l} 0245 $3$ &$14$ \\ 0246 $9$ &$80665$ 0247 \end{tabular} 0248 </pre></div> 0249 0250 <a name="index-_005cextracolsep"></a> 0251 <p>An <code>\extracolsep{<var>wd</var>}</code> command in an @-expression causes an 0252 extra space of width <var>wd</var> to appear to the left of all subsequent 0253 columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code>. Unlike 0254 ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an 0255 @-expression. An <code>\extracolsep</code> command can be used only in an 0256 @-expression in the <code>cols</code> argument. Below, LaTeX inserts the 0257 right amount of intercolumn space to make the entire table 4 inches 0258 wide. 0259 </p> 0260 <div class="example"> 0261 <pre class="example">\begin{tabular*}{4in}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}l} 0262 Seven times down, eight times up \ldots 0263 &such is life! 0264 \end{tabular*} 0265 </pre></div> 0266 0267 <p>To insert commands that are automatically executed before a given 0268 column, load the <code>array</code> package and use the <code>>{...}</code> 0269 specifier. 0270 </p> 0271 </dd> 0272 <dt><code>p{<var>wd</var>}</code></dt> 0273 <dd><p>Each item in the column is typeset in a parbox of width <var>wd</var>, as if 0274 it were the argument of a <code>\parbox[t]{wd}{...}</code> command. 0275 </p> 0276 <p>A line break double backslash <code>\\</code> may not appear in the item, 0277 except inside an environment like <code>minipage</code>, <code>array</code>, or 0278 <code>tabular</code>, or inside an explicit <code>\parbox</code>, or in the scope of 0279 a <code>\centering</code>, <code>\raggedright</code>, or <code>\raggedleft</code> 0280 declaration (when used in a <code>p</code>-column element these declarations 0281 must appear inside braces, as with <code>{\centering .. \\ 0282 ..}</code>). Otherwise LaTeX will misinterpret the double backslash as 0283 ending the row. Instead, to get a line break in there use 0284 <code>\newline</code> (see <a href="_005cnewline.html#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a>). 0285 </p> 0286 </dd> 0287 <dt><code>*{<var>num</var>}{<var>cols</var>}</code></dt> 0288 <dd><p>Equivalent to <var>num</var> copies of <var>cols</var>, where <var>num</var> is a 0289 positive integer and <var>cols</var> is a list of specifiers. Thus the 0290 specifier <code>\begin{tabular}{|*{3}{l|r}|}</code> is equivalent to 0291 the specifier <code>\begin{tabular}{|l|rl|rl|r|}</code>. Note that 0292 <var>cols</var> may contain another <code>*</code>-expression. 0293 </p> 0294 </dd> 0295 </dl> 0296 0297 </dd> 0298 <dt><var>width</var></dt> 0299 <dd><p>Required for <code>tabular*</code>, not allowed for <code>tabular</code>. Specifies 0300 the width of the <code>tabular*</code> environment. The space between columns 0301 should be rubber, as with <code>@{\extracolsep{\fill}}</code>, to allow 0302 the table to stretch or shrink to make the specified width, or else you 0303 are likely to get the <code>Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in alignment 0304 ...</code> warning. 0305 </p> 0306 </dd> 0307 </dl> 0308 0309 <p>Parameters that control formatting: 0310 </p> 0311 <dl compact="compact"> 0312 <dt><code>\arrayrulewidth</code> 0313 <a name="index-_005carrayrulewidth"></a> 0314 </dt> 0315 <dd><a name="tabular-arrayrulewidth"></a><p>A length that is the thickness of the rule created by <code>|</code>, 0316 <code>\hline</code>, and <code>\vline</code> in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> 0317 environments. The default is ‘<samp>.4pt</samp>’. Change it as in 0318 <code>\setlength{\arrayrulewidth}{0.8pt}</code>. 0319 </p> 0320 </dd> 0321 <dt><code>\arraystretch</code> 0322 <a name="index-_005carraystretch"></a> 0323 </dt> 0324 <dd><a name="tabular-arraystrech"></a><p>A factor by which the spacing between rows in the <code>tabular</code> and 0325 <code>array</code> environments is multiplied. The default is ‘<samp>1</samp>’, for 0326 no scaling. Change it as <code>\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}</code>. 0327 </p> 0328 </dd> 0329 <dt><code>\doublerulesep</code> 0330 <a name="index-_005cdoublerulesep"></a> 0331 </dt> 0332 <dd><a name="tabular-doublerulesep"></a><p>A length that is the distance between the vertical rules produced by the 0333 <code>||</code> specifier. The default is ‘<samp>2pt</samp>’. 0334 </p> 0335 </dd> 0336 <dt><code>\tabcolsep</code> 0337 <a name="index-_005ctabcolsep"></a> 0338 </dt> 0339 <dd><a name="tabular-tabcolsep"></a><p>A length that is half of the space between columns. The default is 0340 ‘<samp>6pt</samp>’. Change it with <code>\setlength</code>. 0341 </p> 0342 </dd> 0343 </dl> 0344 0345 <p>The following commands can be used inside the body of a <code>tabular</code> 0346 environment, the first two inside an entry and the second two between 0347 lines: 0348 </p> 0349 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> 0350 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cmulticolumn.html#g_t_005cmulticolumn" accesskey="1">\multicolumn</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Make an item spanning several columns. 0351 </td></tr> 0352 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cvline.html#g_t_005cvline" accesskey="2">\vline</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Draw a vertical line. 0353 </td></tr> 0354 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005ccline.html#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="3">\cline</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns. 0355 </td></tr> 0356 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005chline.html#g_t_005chline" accesskey="4">\hline</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns. 0357 </td></tr> 0358 </table> 0359 0360 0361 0362 0363 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0364 </body> 0365 </html>