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0001 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 0002 <html> 0003 <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a 0004 document preparation system, version of November 2018. 0005 0006 This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the 0007 VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by 0008 George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The 0009 LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The 0010 LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl 0011 Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges 0012 using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and 0013 LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by 0014 L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users 0015 Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material. 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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>Top (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="Top (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="Top (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml/" rel="up" title="(dir)"> 0053 <link href="About-this-document.html#About-this-document" rel="next" title="About this document"> 0054 <style type="text/css"> 0055 <!-- 0056 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0057 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0058 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0059 0060 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0061 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0062 0063 0064 0065 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0066 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0067 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0068 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0069 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0070 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0076 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0077 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0079 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0081 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0084 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0085 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0086 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0087 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0088 BODY { 0089 margin-top: 1em; 0090 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0091 margin-right: 1em; 0092 margin-bottom: 1em; 0093 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0094 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0095 max-width: 64em; 0096 } 0097 0098 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0099 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0100 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0101 0102 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0103 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0104 0105 --> 0106 </style> 0107 0108 0109 </head> 0110 0111 <body lang="en"> 0112 <h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018)</h1> 0113 0114 0115 0116 0117 0118 0119 0120 0121 0122 <div class='intro'> 0123 <p>This is a reference manual for LaTeX. 0124 If you want a tutorial, please see 0125 <a href='https://ctan.org/topic/tut-latex'>this list</a>.</p> 0126 0127 <p> 0128 Our goal is to document all (non-private) LaTeX commands. 0129 See below for the 0130 <a href='#SEC_Overview'>Table of Contents</a>. 0131 This version of the manual has separate web pages for each 0132 section or subsection. 0133 It's also available in 0134 <a href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.html">a single page version</a> 0135 and as <a href="https://latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.pdf">pdf</a>.</p> 0136 0137 <p> 0138 Your comments and contributions, including bug reports, are very welcome. 0139 <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/'>Our project page</a> 0140 has more information, including 0141 <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/#license'>license information</a>. 0142 We also provide information on how you can 0143 <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/mirroring.html'>mirror this manual</a>, 0144 and <a href='https://latexref.xyz/dev/writing.html'>contribute to it</a>. 0145 </p> 0146 0147 <p> 0148 This document is not official. 0149 It has not been reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers.</p> 0150 0151 <p> 0152 <i>A note about links.</i> 0153 Some characters are troublesome on the web. 0154 One such character is backslash and so our 0155 page for the <code>\rule</code> command 0156 is named 0157 <a href='_005crule.html'><code>_005crule.html</code></a>. 0158 (the hexadecimal representation of backslash is 005c). 0159 You may find easier to remember our alternative page names, in this case 0160 <a href='bs-rule.html'><code>bs-rule.html</code></a>. 0161 These alternatives 0162 replace space with a dash, `<code>-</code>', 0163 replace backslash with `<code>bs</code>' and a dash, 0164 replace @ with `<code>at</code>' and a dash, 0165 and replace & with `<code>and</code>' and a dash. 0166 For instance, you can reach the page describing 0167 <code>\@startsection</code> with 0168 <a href='bs-at-startsection.html'><code>bs-at-startsection.html</code></a>. 0169 </p> 0170 </div> 0171 <a name="SEC_Overview"></a> 0172 <h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2> 0173 0174 <div class="shortcontents"> 0175 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0176 <li><a name="stoc-About-this-document-1" href="#toc-About-this-document-1">1 About this document</a></li> 0177 <li><a name="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> 0178 <li><a name="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</a></li> 0179 <li><a name="stoc-Fonts-1" href="#toc-Fonts-1">4 Fonts</a></li> 0180 <li><a name="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">5 Layout</a></li> 0181 <li><a name="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</a></li> 0182 <li><a name="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</a></li> 0183 <li><a name="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">8 Environments</a></li> 0184 <li><a name="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</a></li> 0185 <li><a name="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</a></li> 0186 <li><a name="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</a></li> 0187 <li><a name="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">12 Definitions</a></li> 0188 <li><a name="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">13 Counters</a></li> 0189 <li><a name="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">14 Lengths</a></li> 0190 <li><a name="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</a></li> 0191 <li><a name="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</a></li> 0192 <li><a name="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">17 Modes</a></li> 0193 <li><a name="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</a></li> 0194 <li><a name="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">19 Spaces</a></li> 0195 <li><a name="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">20 Boxes</a></li> 0196 <li><a name="stoc-Color-1" href="#toc-Color-1">21 Color</a></li> 0197 <li><a name="stoc-Graphics-1" href="#toc-Graphics-1">22 Graphics</a></li> 0198 <li><a name="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">23 Special insertions</a></li> 0199 <li><a name="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">24 Splitting the input</a></li> 0200 <li><a name="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">25 Front/back matter</a></li> 0201 <li><a name="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">26 Letters</a></li> 0202 <li><a name="stoc-Input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Input_002foutput-1">27 Input/output</a></li> 0203 <li><a name="stoc-Command-line-1" href="#toc-Command-line-1">28 Command line</a></li> 0204 <li><a name="stoc-Document-templates-1" href="#toc-Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</a></li> 0205 <li><a name="stoc-Index-1" href="#toc-Index-1">Index</a></li> 0206 </ul> 0207 </div> 0208 0209 <a name="SEC_Contents"></a> 0210 <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2> 0211 0212 <div class="contents"> 0213 0214 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0215 <li><a name="toc-About-this-document-1" href="About-this-document.html#About-this-document">1 About this document</a></li> 0216 <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="Overview.html#Overview">2 Overview of LaTeX</a> 0217 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0218 <li><a name="toc-Starting-and-ending-1" href="Starting-and-ending.html#Starting-and-ending">2.1 Starting and ending</a></li> 0219 <li><a name="toc-Output-files-1" href="Output-files.html#Output-files">2.2 Output files</a></li> 0220 <li><a name="toc-TeX-engines-1" href="TeX-engines.html#TeX-engines">2.3 TeX engines</a></li> 0221 <li><a name="toc-LaTeX-command-syntax-1" href="LaTeX-command-syntax.html#LaTeX-command-syntax">2.4 LaTeX command syntax</a></li> 0222 <li><a name="toc-Environment-1" href="Environment.html#Environment">2.5 Environment</a></li> 0223 <li><a name="toc-CTAN_003a-the-Comprehensive-TeX-Archive-Network" href="CTAN.html#CTAN">2.6 CTAN: the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network</a></li> 0224 </ul></li> 0225 <li><a name="toc-Document-classes-1" href="Document-classes.html#Document-classes">3 Document classes</a> 0226 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0227 <li><a name="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="Document-class-options.html#Document-class-options">3.1 Document class options</a></li> 0228 <li><a name="toc-Additional-packages-1" href="Additional-packages.html#Additional-packages">3.2 Additional packages</a></li> 0229 <li><a name="toc-Class-and-package-construction-1" href="Class-and-package-construction.html#Class-and-package-construction">3.3 Class and package construction</a> 0230 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0231 <li><a name="toc-Class-and-package-structure-1" href="Class-and-package-structure.html#Class-and-package-structure">3.3.1 Class and package structure</a></li> 0232 <li><a name="toc-Class-and-package-commands-1" href="Class-and-package-commands.html#Class-and-package-commands">3.3.2 Class and package commands</a></li> 0233 </ul></li> 0234 </ul></li> 0235 <li><a name="toc-Fonts-1" href="Fonts.html#Fonts">4 Fonts</a> 0236 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0237 <li><a name="toc-fontenc-package-1" href="fontenc-package.html#fontenc-package">4.1 <samp>fontenc</samp> package</a> 0238 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0239 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareFontEncoding-1" href="_005cDeclareFontEncoding.html#g_t_005cDeclareFontEncoding">4.1.1 <code>\DeclareFontEncoding</code></a></li> 0240 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextAccent-1" href="_005cDeclareTextAccent.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccent">4.1.2 <code>\DeclareTextAccent</code></a></li> 0241 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault-1" href="_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextAccentDefault">4.1.3 <code>\DeclareTextAccentDefault</code></a></li> 0242 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand-1" href="_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommand-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommand">4.1.4 <code>\DeclareTextCommand</code> & <code>\ProvideTextCommand</code></a></li> 0243 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault-" href="_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextCommandDefault-_0026-_005cProvideTextCommandDefault">4.1.5 <code>\DeclareTextCommandDefault</code> & <code>\ProvideTextCommandDefault </code></a></li> 0244 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextComposite-1" href="_005cDeclareTextComposite.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextComposite">4.1.6 <code>\DeclareTextComposite</code></a></li> 0245 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand-1" href="_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextCompositeCommand">4.1.7 <code>\DeclareTextCompositeCommand</code></a></li> 0246 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextSymbol-1" href="_005cDeclareTextSymbol.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbol">4.1.8 <code>\DeclareTextSymbol</code></a></li> 0247 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault-1" href="_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault.html#g_t_005cDeclareTextSymbolDefault">4.1.9 <code>\DeclareTextSymbolDefault</code></a></li> 0248 <li><a name="toc-_005cLastDeclaredEncoding-1" href="_005cLastDeclaredEncoding.html#g_t_005cLastDeclaredEncoding">4.1.10 <code>\LastDeclaredEncoding</code></a></li> 0249 <li><a name="toc-_005cUseTextAccent-_0026-_005cUseTextSymbol-1" href="_005cUseTextAccent-_0026-_005cUseTextSymbol.html#g_t_005cUseTextAccent-_0026-_005cUseTextSymbol">4.1.11 <code>\UseTextAccent</code> & <code>\UseTextSymbol</code></a></li> 0250 </ul></li> 0251 <li><a name="toc-Font-styles-1" href="Font-styles.html#Font-styles">4.2 Font styles</a></li> 0252 <li><a name="toc-Font-sizes-1" href="Font-sizes.html#Font-sizes">4.3 Font sizes</a></li> 0253 <li><a name="toc-Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1" href="Low_002dlevel-font-commands.html#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">4.4 Low-level font commands</a></li> 0254 </ul></li> 0255 <li><a name="toc-Layout-1" href="Layout.html#Layout">5 Layout</a> 0256 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0257 <li><a name="toc-_005conecolumn-1" href="_005conecolumn.html#g_t_005conecolumn">5.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></a></li> 0258 <li><a name="toc-_005ctwocolumn-1" href="_005ctwocolumn.html#g_t_005ctwocolumn">5.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></a></li> 0259 <li><a name="toc-_005cflushbottom-1" href="_005cflushbottom.html#g_t_005cflushbottom">5.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></a></li> 0260 <li><a name="toc-_005craggedbottom-1" href="_005craggedbottom.html#g_t_005craggedbottom">5.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></a></li> 0261 <li><a name="toc-Page-layout-parameters-1" href="Page-layout-parameters.html#Page-layout-parameters">5.5 Page layout parameters</a></li> 0262 <li><a name="toc-Floats-1" href="Floats.html#Floats">5.6 Floats</a></li> 0263 </ul></li> 0264 <li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="Sectioning.html#Sectioning">6 Sectioning</a> 0265 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0266 <li><a name="toc-_005cpart-1" href="_005cpart.html#g_t_005cpart">6.1 <code>\part</code></a></li> 0267 <li><a name="toc-_005cchapter-1" href="_005cchapter.html#g_t_005cchapter">6.2 <code>\chapter</code></a></li> 0268 <li><a name="toc-_005csection-1" href="_005csection.html#g_t_005csection">6.3 <code>\section</code></a></li> 0269 <li><a name="toc-_005csubsection-1" href="_005csubsection.html#g_t_005csubsection">6.4 <code>\subsection</code></a></li> 0270 <li><a name="toc-_005csubsubsection_002c-_005cparagraph_002c-_005csubparagraph" href="_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph.html#g_t_005csubsubsection-_0026-_005cparagraph-_0026-_005csubparagraph">6.5 <code>\subsubsection</code>, <code>\paragraph</code>, <code>\subparagraph</code></a></li> 0271 <li><a name="toc-_005cappendix-1" href="_005cappendix.html#g_t_005cappendix">6.6 <code>\appendix</code></a></li> 0272 <li><a name="toc-_005cfrontmatter_002c-_005cmainmatter_002c-_005cbackmatter" href="_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter.html#g_t_005cfrontmatter-_0026-_005cmainmatter-_0026-_005cbackmatter">6.7 <code>\frontmatter</code>, <code>\mainmatter</code>, <code>\backmatter</code></a></li> 0273 <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040startsection-1" href="_005c_0040startsection.html#g_t_005c_0040startsection">6.8 <code>\@startsection</code></a></li> 0274 </ul></li> 0275 <li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="Cross-references.html#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a> 0276 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0277 <li><a name="toc-_005clabel-1" href="_005clabel.html#g_t_005clabel">7.1 <code>\label</code></a></li> 0278 <li><a name="toc-_005cpageref-1" href="_005cpageref.html#g_t_005cpageref">7.2 <code>\pageref</code></a></li> 0279 <li><a name="toc-_005cref-1" href="_005cref.html#g_t_005cref">7.3 <code>\ref</code></a></li> 0280 </ul></li> 0281 <li><a name="toc-Environments-1" href="Environments.html#Environments">8 Environments</a> 0282 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0283 <li><a name="toc-abstract-1" href="abstract.html#abstract">8.1 <code>abstract</code></a></li> 0284 <li><a name="toc-array-1" href="array.html#array">8.2 <code>array</code></a></li> 0285 <li><a name="toc-center-1" href="center.html#center">8.3 <code>center</code></a> 0286 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0287 <li><a name="toc-_005ccentering-1" href="_005ccentering.html#g_t_005ccentering">8.3.1 <code>\centering</code></a></li> 0288 </ul></li> 0289 <li><a name="toc-description-1" href="description.html#description">8.4 <code>description</code></a></li> 0290 <li><a name="toc-displaymath-1" href="displaymath.html#displaymath">8.5 <code>displaymath</code></a></li> 0291 <li><a name="toc-document-1" href="document.html#document">8.6 <code>document</code></a> 0292 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0293 <li><a name="toc-_005cAtBeginDocument-1" href="_005cAtBeginDocument.html#g_t_005cAtBeginDocument">8.6.1 <code>\AtBeginDocument</code></a></li> 0294 <li><a name="toc-_005cAtEndDocument-1" href="_005cAtEndDocument.html#g_t_005cAtEndDocument">8.6.2 <code>\AtEndDocument</code></a></li> 0295 </ul></li> 0296 <li><a name="toc-enumerate-1" href="enumerate.html#enumerate">8.7 <code>enumerate</code></a></li> 0297 <li><a name="toc-eqnarray-1" href="eqnarray.html#eqnarray">8.8 <code>eqnarray</code></a></li> 0298 <li><a name="toc-equation-1" href="equation.html#equation">8.9 <code>equation</code></a></li> 0299 <li><a name="toc-figure-1" href="figure.html#figure">8.10 <code>figure</code></a></li> 0300 <li><a name="toc-filecontents-1" href="filecontents.html#filecontents">8.11 <code>filecontents</code></a></li> 0301 <li><a name="toc-flushleft-1" href="flushleft.html#flushleft">8.12 <code>flushleft</code></a> 0302 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0303 <li><a name="toc-_005craggedright-1" href="_005craggedright.html#g_t_005craggedright">8.12.1 <code>\raggedright</code></a></li> 0304 </ul></li> 0305 <li><a name="toc-flushright-1" href="flushright.html#flushright">8.13 <code>flushright</code></a> 0306 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0307 <li><a name="toc-_005craggedleft-1" href="_005craggedleft.html#g_t_005craggedleft">8.13.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></a></li> 0308 </ul></li> 0309 <li><a name="toc-itemize-1" href="itemize.html#itemize">8.14 <code>itemize</code></a></li> 0310 <li><a name="toc-letter-environment_003a-writing-letters" href="letter.html#letter">8.15 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</a></li> 0311 <li><a name="toc-list-1" href="list.html#list">8.16 <code>list</code></a> 0312 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0313 <li><a name="toc-_005citem_003a-An-entry-in-a-list" href="_005citem.html#g_t_005citem">8.16.1 <code>\item</code>: An entry in a list</a></li> 0314 <li><a name="toc-trivlist_003a-A-restricted-form-of-list" href="trivlist.html#trivlist">8.16.2 <code>trivlist</code>: A restricted form of <code>list</code></a></li> 0315 </ul></li> 0316 <li><a name="toc-math-1" href="math.html#math">8.17 <code>math</code></a></li> 0317 <li><a name="toc-minipage-1" href="minipage.html#minipage">8.18 <code>minipage</code></a></li> 0318 <li><a name="toc-picture-1" href="picture.html#picture">8.19 <code>picture</code></a> 0319 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0320 <li><a name="toc-_005cput-1" href="_005cput.html#g_t_005cput">8.19.1 <code>\put</code></a></li> 0321 <li><a name="toc-_005cmultiput-1" href="_005cmultiput.html#g_t_005cmultiput">8.19.2 <code>\multiput</code></a></li> 0322 <li><a name="toc-_005cqbezier-1" href="_005cqbezier.html#g_t_005cqbezier">8.19.3 <code>\qbezier</code></a></li> 0323 <li><a name="toc-_005cgraphpaper-1" href="_005cgraphpaper.html#g_t_005cgraphpaper">8.19.4 <code>\graphpaper</code></a></li> 0324 <li><a name="toc-_005cline-1" href="_005cline.html#g_t_005cline">8.19.5 <code>\line</code></a></li> 0325 <li><a name="toc-_005clinethickness-1" href="_005clinethickness.html#g_t_005clinethickness">8.19.6 <code>\linethickness</code></a></li> 0326 <li><a name="toc-_005cthinlines-1" href="_005cthinlines.html#g_t_005cthinlines">8.19.7 <code>\thinlines</code></a></li> 0327 <li><a name="toc-_005cthicklines-1" href="_005cthicklines.html#g_t_005cthicklines">8.19.8 <code>\thicklines</code></a></li> 0328 <li><a name="toc-_005ccircle-1" href="_005ccircle.html#g_t_005ccircle">8.19.9 <code>\circle</code></a></li> 0329 <li><a name="toc-_005coval-1" href="_005coval.html#g_t_005coval">8.19.10 <code>\oval</code></a></li> 0330 <li><a name="toc-_005cshortstack-1" href="_005cshortstack.html#g_t_005cshortstack">8.19.11 <code>\shortstack</code></a></li> 0331 <li><a name="toc-_005cvector-1" href="_005cvector.html#g_t_005cvector">8.19.12 <code>\vector</code></a></li> 0332 <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029-1" href="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029.html#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">8.19.13 <code>\makebox</code> (picture)</a></li> 0333 <li><a name="toc-_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029-1" href="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029.html#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">8.19.14 <code>\framebox</code> (picture)</a></li> 0334 <li><a name="toc-_005cframe-1" href="_005cframe.html#g_t_005cframe">8.19.15 <code>\frame</code></a></li> 0335 <li><a name="toc-_005cdashbox-1" href="_005cdashbox.html#g_t_005cdashbox">8.19.16 <code>\dashbox</code></a></li> 0336 </ul></li> 0337 <li><a name="toc-quotation-_0026-quote-1" href="quotation-_0026-quote.html#quotation-_0026-quote">8.20 <code>quotation</code> & <code>quote</code></a></li> 0338 <li><a name="toc-tabbing-1" href="tabbing.html#tabbing">8.21 <code>tabbing</code></a></li> 0339 <li><a name="toc-table-1" href="table.html#table">8.22 <code>table</code></a></li> 0340 <li><a name="toc-tabular-1" href="tabular.html#tabular">8.23 <code>tabular</code></a> 0341 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0342 <li><a name="toc-_005cmulticolumn-1" href="_005cmulticolumn.html#g_t_005cmulticolumn">8.23.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></a></li> 0343 <li><a name="toc-_005cvline-1" href="_005cvline.html#g_t_005cvline">8.23.2 <code>\vline</code></a></li> 0344 <li><a name="toc-_005ccline-1" href="_005ccline.html#g_t_005ccline">8.23.3 <code>\cline</code></a></li> 0345 <li><a name="toc-_005chline-1" href="_005chline.html#g_t_005chline">8.23.4 <code>\hline</code></a></li> 0346 </ul></li> 0347 <li><a name="toc-thebibliography-1" href="thebibliography.html#thebibliography">8.24 <code>thebibliography</code></a> 0348 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0349 <li><a name="toc-_005cbibitem-1" href="_005cbibitem.html#g_t_005cbibitem">8.24.1 <code>\bibitem</code></a></li> 0350 <li><a name="toc-_005ccite-1" href="_005ccite.html#g_t_005ccite">8.24.2 <code>\cite</code></a></li> 0351 <li><a name="toc-_005cnocite-1" href="_005cnocite.html#g_t_005cnocite">8.24.3 <code>\nocite</code></a></li> 0352 <li><a name="toc-Using-BibTeX-1" href="Using-BibTeX.html#Using-BibTeX">8.24.4 Using BibTeX</a></li> 0353 </ul></li> 0354 <li><a name="toc-theorem-1" href="theorem.html#theorem">8.25 <code>theorem</code></a></li> 0355 <li><a name="toc-titlepage-1" href="titlepage.html#titlepage">8.26 <code>titlepage</code></a></li> 0356 <li><a name="toc-verbatim-1" href="verbatim.html#verbatim">8.27 <code>verbatim</code></a> 0357 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0358 <li><a name="toc-_005cverb-1" href="_005cverb.html#g_t_005cverb">8.27.1 <code>\verb</code></a></li> 0359 </ul></li> 0360 <li><a name="toc-verse-1" href="verse.html#verse">8.28 <code>verse</code></a></li> 0361 </ul></li> 0362 <li><a name="toc-Line-breaking-1" href="Line-breaking.html#Line-breaking">9 Line breaking</a> 0363 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0364 <li><a name="toc-_005c_005c-1" href="_005c_005c.html#g_t_005c_005c">9.1 <code>\\</code></a></li> 0365 <li><a name="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr.html#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">9.2 <code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></a></li> 0366 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="_005cnewline.html#g_t_005cnewline">9.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li> 0367 <li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029.html#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li> 0368 <li><a name="toc-_005cdiscretionary-_0028generalized-hyphenation-point_0029" href="_005cdiscretionary.html#g_t_005cdiscretionary">9.5 <code>\discretionary</code> (generalized hyphenation point)</a></li> 0369 <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy-1" href="_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy.html#g_t_005cfussy-_0026-_005csloppy">9.6 <code>\fussy</code> & <code>\sloppy</code></a> 0370 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0371 <li><a name="toc-sloppypar-1" href="sloppypar.html#sloppypar">9.6.1 <code>sloppypar</code></a></li> 0372 </ul></li> 0373 <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="_005chyphenation.html#g_t_005chyphenation">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li> 0374 <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak.html#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li> 0375 </ul></li> 0376 <li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="Page-breaking.html#Page-breaking">10 Page breaking</a> 0377 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0378 <li><a name="toc-_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage-1" href="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage.html#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage">10.1 <code>\clearpage</code> & <code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></li> 0379 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewpage-1" href="_005cnewpage.html#g_t_005cnewpage">10.2 <code>\newpage</code></a></li> 0380 <li><a name="toc-_005cenlargethispage-1" href="_005cenlargethispage.html#g_t_005cenlargethispage">10.3 <code>\enlargethispage</code></a></li> 0381 <li><a name="toc-_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1" href="_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak.html#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">10.4 <code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></a></li> 0382 </ul></li> 0383 <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-1" href="Footnotes.html#Footnotes">11 Footnotes</a> 0384 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0385 <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="_005cfootnote.html#g_t_005cfootnote">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li> 0386 <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="_005cfootnotemark.html#g_t_005cfootnotemark">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li> 0387 <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="_005cfootnotetext.html#g_t_005cfootnotetext">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li> 0388 <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-section-headings-1" href="Footnotes-in-section-headings.html#Footnotes-in-section-headings">11.4 Footnotes in section headings</a></li> 0389 <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-in-a-table-1" href="Footnotes-in-a-table.html#Footnotes-in-a-table">11.5 Footnotes in a table</a></li> 0390 <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-of-footnotes-1" href="Footnotes-of-footnotes.html#Footnotes-of-footnotes">11.6 Footnotes of footnotes</a></li> 0391 </ul></li> 0392 <li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="Definitions.html#Definitions">12 Definitions</a> 0393 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0394 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1" href="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand.html#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">12.1 <code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></a></li> 0395 <li><a name="toc-_005cprovidecommand-1" href="_005cprovidecommand.html#g_t_005cprovidecommand">12.2 <code>\providecommand</code></a></li> 0396 <li><a name="toc-_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother-1" href="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother.html#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">12.3 <code>\makeatletter</code> & <code>\makeatother</code></a></li> 0397 <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040ifstar-1" href="_005c_0040ifstar.html#g_t_005c_0040ifstar">12.4 <code>\@ifstar</code></a></li> 0398 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcounter_003a-Allocating-a-counter" href="_005cnewcounter.html#g_t_005cnewcounter">12.5 <code>\newcounter</code>: Allocating a counter</a></li> 0399 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewlength-1" href="_005cnewlength.html#g_t_005cnewlength">12.6 <code>\newlength</code></a></li> 0400 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewsavebox-1" href="_005cnewsavebox.html#g_t_005cnewsavebox">12.7 <code>\newsavebox</code></a></li> 0401 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1" href="_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment.html#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">12.8 <code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></a></li> 0402 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewtheorem-1" href="_005cnewtheorem.html#g_t_005cnewtheorem">12.9 <code>\newtheorem</code></a></li> 0403 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="_005cnewfont.html#g_t_005cnewfont">12.10 <code>\newfont</code></a></li> 0404 <li><a name="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="_005cprotect.html#g_t_005cprotect">12.11 <code>\protect</code></a></li> 0405 <li><a name="toc-_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend-1" href="_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend.html#g_t_005cignorespaces-_0026-_005cignorespacesafterend">12.12 <code>\ignorespaces & \ignorespacesafterend</code></a></li> 0406 </ul></li> 0407 <li><a name="toc-Counters-1" href="Counters.html#Counters">13 Counters</a> 0408 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0409 <li><a name="toc-_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters" href="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol.html#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">13.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li> 0410 <li><a name="toc-_005cusecounter-1" href="_005cusecounter.html#g_t_005cusecounter">13.2 <code>\usecounter</code></a></li> 0411 <li><a name="toc-_005cvalue-1" href="_005cvalue.html#g_t_005cvalue">13.3 <code>\value</code></a></li> 0412 <li><a name="toc-_005csetcounter-1" href="_005csetcounter.html#g_t_005csetcounter">13.4 <code>\setcounter</code></a></li> 0413 <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocounter-1" href="_005caddtocounter.html#g_t_005caddtocounter">13.5 <code>\addtocounter</code></a></li> 0414 <li><a name="toc-_005crefstepcounter-1" href="_005crefstepcounter.html#g_t_005crefstepcounter">13.6 <code>\refstepcounter</code></a></li> 0415 <li><a name="toc-_005cstepcounter-1" href="_005cstepcounter.html#g_t_005cstepcounter">13.7 <code>\stepcounter</code></a></li> 0416 <li><a name="toc-_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear-1" href="_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear.html#g_t_005cday-_0026-_005cmonth-_0026-_005cyear">13.8 <code>\day</code> & <code>\month</code> & <code>\year</code></a></li> 0417 </ul></li> 0418 <li><a name="toc-Lengths-1" href="Lengths.html#Lengths">14 Lengths</a> 0419 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0420 <li><a name="toc-Units-of-length-1" href="Units-of-length.html#Units-of-length">14.1 Units of length</a></li> 0421 <li><a name="toc-_005csetlength-1" href="_005csetlength.html#g_t_005csetlength">14.2 <code>\setlength</code></a></li> 0422 <li><a name="toc-_005caddtolength-1" href="_005caddtolength.html#g_t_005caddtolength">14.3 <code>\addtolength</code></a></li> 0423 <li><a name="toc-_005csettodepth-1" href="_005csettodepth.html#g_t_005csettodepth">14.4 <code>\settodepth</code></a></li> 0424 <li><a name="toc-_005csettoheight-1" href="_005csettoheight.html#g_t_005csettoheight">14.5 <code>\settoheight</code></a></li> 0425 <li><a name="toc-_005csettowidth-1" href="_005csettowidth.html#g_t_005csettowidth">14.6 <code>\settowidth</code></a></li> 0426 </ul></li> 0427 <li><a name="toc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="Making-paragraphs.html#Making-paragraphs">15 Making paragraphs</a> 0428 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0429 <li><a name="toc-_005cpar-1" href="_005cpar.html#g_t_005cpar">15.1 <code>\par</code></a></li> 0430 <li><a name="toc-_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent-1" href="_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent.html#g_t_005cindent-_0026-_005cnoindent">15.2 <code>\indent</code> & <code>\noindent</code></a></li> 0431 <li><a name="toc-_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip-1" href="_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip.html#g_t_005cparindent-_0026-_005cparskip">15.3 <code>\parindent</code> & <code>\parskip</code></a></li> 0432 <li><a name="toc-Marginal-notes-1" href="Marginal-notes.html#Marginal-notes">15.4 Marginal notes</a></li> 0433 </ul></li> 0434 <li><a name="toc-Math-formulas-1" href="Math-formulas.html#Math-formulas">16 Math formulas</a> 0435 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0436 <li><a name="toc-Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1" href="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts.html#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">16.1 Subscripts & superscripts</a></li> 0437 <li><a name="toc-Math-symbols-1" href="Math-symbols.html#Math-symbols">16.2 Math symbols</a> 0438 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0439 <li><a name="toc-Arrows-1" href="Arrows.html#Arrows">16.2.1 Arrows</a></li> 0440 <li><a name="toc-_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath-1" href="_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath.html#g_t_005cboldmath-_0026-_005cunboldmath">16.2.2 <code>\boldmath</code> & <code>\unboldmath</code></a></li> 0441 <li><a name="toc-Blackboard-bold-1" href="Blackboard-bold.html#Blackboard-bold">16.2.3 Blackboard bold</a></li> 0442 <li><a name="toc-Calligraphic-1" href="Calligraphic.html#Calligraphic">16.2.4 Calligraphic</a></li> 0443 <li><a name="toc-Delimiters-1" href="Delimiters.html#Delimiters">16.2.5 Delimiters</a> 0444 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0445 <li><a name="toc-_005cleft-_0026-_005cright-1" href="_005cleft-_0026-_005cright.html#g_t_005cleft-_0026-_005cright">16.2.5.1 <code>\left</code> & <code>\right</code></a></li> 0446 <li><a name="toc-_005cbigl_002c-_005cbigr_002c-etc_002e" href="_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc.html#g_t_005cbigl-_0026-_005cbigr-etc">16.2.5.2 <code>\bigl</code>, <code>\bigr</code>, etc.</a></li> 0447 </ul></li> 0448 <li><a name="toc-Dots_002c-horizontal-or-vertical" href="Dots.html#Dots">16.2.6 Dots, horizontal or vertical</a></li> 0449 <li><a name="toc-Greek-letters-1" href="Greek-letters.html#Greek-letters">16.2.7 Greek letters</a></li> 0450 </ul></li> 0451 <li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="Math-functions.html#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li> 0452 <li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="Math-accents.html#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li> 0453 <li><a name="toc-Over_002d-and-Underlining-1" href="Over_002d-and-Underlining.html#Over_002d-and-Underlining">16.5 Over- and Underlining</a></li> 0454 <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="Spacing-in-math-mode.html#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.6 Spacing in math mode</a> 0455 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0456 <li><a name="toc-_005csmash-1" href="_005csmash.html#g_t_005csmash">16.6.1 <code>\smash</code></a></li> 0457 <li><a name="toc-_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1" href="_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom.html#g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom">16.6.2 <code>\phantom</code> & <code>\vphantom</code> & <code>\hphantom</code></a></li> 0458 </ul></li> 0459 <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="Math-miscellany.html#Math-miscellany">16.7 Math miscellany</a> 0460 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0461 <li><a name="toc-Colon-character-_003a-_0026-_005ccolon" href="Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon.html#Colon-character-_0026-_005ccolon">16.7.1 Colon character <code>:</code> & <code>\colon</code></a></li> 0462 <li><a name="toc-_005c_002a-1" href="_005c_002a.html#g_t_005c_002a">16.7.2 <code>\*</code></a></li> 0463 <li><a name="toc-_005cfrac-1" href="_005cfrac.html#g_t_005cfrac">16.7.3 <code>\frac</code></a></li> 0464 <li><a name="toc-_005csqrt-1" href="_005csqrt.html#g_t_005csqrt">16.7.4 <code>\sqrt</code></a></li> 0465 <li><a name="toc-_005cstackrel-1" href="_005cstackrel.html#g_t_005cstackrel">16.7.5 <code>\stackrel</code></a></li> 0466 </ul></li> 0467 </ul></li> 0468 <li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="Modes.html#Modes">17 Modes</a> 0469 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0470 <li><a name="toc-_005censuremath-1" href="_005censuremath.html#g_t_005censuremath">17.1 <code>\ensuremath</code></a></li> 0471 </ul></li> 0472 <li><a name="toc-Page-styles-1" href="Page-styles.html#Page-styles">18 Page styles</a> 0473 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0474 <li><a name="toc-_005cmaketitle-1" href="_005cmaketitle.html#g_t_005cmaketitle">18.1 <code>\maketitle</code></a></li> 0475 <li><a name="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="_005cpagenumbering.html#g_t_005cpagenumbering">18.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></a></li> 0476 <li><a name="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="_005cpagestyle.html#g_t_005cpagestyle">18.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></a></li> 0477 <li><a name="toc-_005cthispagestyle-1" href="_005cthispagestyle.html#g_t_005cthispagestyle">18.4 <code>\thispagestyle</code></a></li> 0478 </ul></li> 0479 <li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="Spaces.html#Spaces">19 Spaces</a> 0480 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0481 <li><a name="toc-_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad-1" href="_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad.html#g_t_005censpace-_0026-_005cquad-_0026-_005cqquad">19.1 <code>\enspace</code> & <code>\quad</code> & <code>\qquad</code></a></li> 0482 <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="_005chspace.html#g_t_005chspace">19.2 <code>\hspace</code></a></li> 0483 <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="_005chfill.html#g_t_005chfill">19.3 <code>\hfill</code></a></li> 0484 <li><a name="toc-_005chss-1" href="_005chss.html#g_t_005chss">19.4 <code>\hss</code></a></li> 0485 <li><a name="toc-_005cspacefactor-1" href="_005cspacefactor.html#g_t_005cspacefactor">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></a> 0486 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0487 <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040-1" href="_005c_0040.html#g_t_005c_0040">19.5.1 <code>\@</code></a></li> 0488 <li><a name="toc-_005cfrenchspacing-1" href="_005cfrenchspacing.html#g_t_005cfrenchspacing">19.5.2 <code>\frenchspacing</code></a></li> 0489 <li><a name="toc-_005cnormalsfcodes-1" href="_005cnormalsfcodes.html#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes">19.5.3 <code>\normalsfcodes</code></a></li> 0490 </ul></li> 0491 <li><a name="toc-Backslash_002dspace_002c-_005c-" href="_005c_0028SPACE_0029.html#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029">19.6 Backslash-space, <code>\ </code></a></li> 0492 <li><a name="toc-_007e-1" href="_007e.html#g_t_007e">19.7 <code>~</code></a></li> 0493 <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace-1" href="_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace.html#g_t_005cthinspace-_0026-_005cnegthinspace">19.8 <code>\thinspace</code> & <code>\negthinspace</code></a></li> 0494 <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="_005c_002f.html#g_t_005c_002f">19.9 <code>\/</code></a></li> 0495 <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill-1" href="_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill.html#g_t_005chrulefill-_0026-_005cdotfill">19.10 <code>\hrulefill</code> & <code>\dotfill</code></a></li> 0496 <li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip-1" href="_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip.html#g_t_005cbigskip-_0026-_005cmedskip-_0026-_005csmallskip">19.11 <code>\bigskip</code> & <code>\medskip</code> & <code>\smallskip</code></a></li> 0497 <li><a name="toc-_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak-1" href="_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak.html#g_t_005cbigbreak-_0026-_005cmedbreak-_0026-_005csmallbreak">19.12 <code>\bigbreak</code> & <code>\medbreak</code> & <code>\smallbreak</code></a></li> 0498 <li><a name="toc-_005cstrut-1" href="_005cstrut.html#g_t_005cstrut">19.13 <code>\strut</code></a></li> 0499 <li><a name="toc-_005cvspace-1" href="_005cvspace.html#g_t_005cvspace">19.14 <code>\vspace</code></a></li> 0500 <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="_005cvfill.html#g_t_005cvfill">19.15 <code>\vfill</code></a></li> 0501 <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="_005caddvspace.html#g_t_005caddvspace">19.16 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li> 0502 </ul></li> 0503 <li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="Boxes.html#Boxes">20 Boxes</a> 0504 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0505 <li><a name="toc-_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox-1" href="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox.html#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">20.1 <code>\mbox</code> & <code>\makebox</code></a></li> 0506 <li><a name="toc-_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox-1" href="_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox.html#g_t_005cfbox-_0026-_005cframebox">20.2 <code>\fbox</code> & <code>\framebox</code></a></li> 0507 <li><a name="toc-_005cparbox-1" href="_005cparbox.html#g_t_005cparbox">20.3 <code>\parbox</code></a></li> 0508 <li><a name="toc-_005craisebox-1" href="_005craisebox.html#g_t_005craisebox">20.4 <code>\raisebox</code></a></li> 0509 <li><a name="toc-_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox-1" href="_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox.html#g_t_005csbox-_0026-_005csavebox">20.5 <code>\sbox</code> & <code>\savebox</code></a></li> 0510 <li><a name="toc-lrbox-1" href="lrbox.html#lrbox">20.6 <code>lrbox</code></a></li> 0511 <li><a name="toc-_005cusebox-1" href="_005cusebox.html#g_t_005cusebox">20.7 <code>\usebox</code></a></li> 0512 </ul></li> 0513 <li><a name="toc-Color-1" href="Color.html#Color">21 Color</a> 0514 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0515 <li><a name="toc-color-package-options" href="Color-package-options.html#Color-package-options">21.1 <code>color</code> package options</a></li> 0516 <li><a name="toc-Color-models-1" href="Color-models.html#Color-models">21.2 Color models</a></li> 0517 <li><a name="toc-Commands-for-color-1" href="Commands-for-color.html#Commands-for-color">21.3 Commands for color</a> 0518 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0519 <li><a name="toc-Define-colors-1" href="Define-colors.html#Define-colors">21.3.1 Define colors</a></li> 0520 <li><a name="toc-Colored-text-1" href="Colored-text.html#Colored-text">21.3.2 Colored text</a></li> 0521 <li><a name="toc-Colored-boxes-1" href="Colored-boxes.html#Colored-boxes">21.3.3 Colored boxes</a></li> 0522 <li><a name="toc-Colored-pages-1" href="Colored-pages.html#Colored-pages">21.3.4 Colored pages</a></li> 0523 </ul></li> 0524 </ul></li> 0525 <li><a name="toc-Graphics-1" href="Graphics.html#Graphics">22 Graphics</a> 0526 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0527 <li><a name="toc-graphics-package-options" href="Graphics-package-options.html#Graphics-package-options">22.1 <code>graphics</code> package options</a></li> 0528 <li><a name="toc-graphics-package-configuration" href="Graphics-package-configuration.html#Graphics-package-configuration">22.2 <code>graphics</code> package configuration</a> 0529 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0530 <li><a name="toc-_005cgraphicspath-1" href="_005cgraphicspath.html#g_t_005cgraphicspath">22.2.1 <code>\graphicspath</code></a></li> 0531 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions-1" href="_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions.html#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsExtensions">22.2.2 <code>\DeclareGraphicsExtensions</code></a></li> 0532 <li><a name="toc-_005cDeclareGraphicsRule-1" href="_005cDeclareGraphicsRule.html#g_t_005cDeclareGraphicsRule">22.2.3 <code>\DeclareGraphicsRule</code></a></li> 0533 </ul></li> 0534 <li><a name="toc-Commands-for-graphics-1" href="Commands-for-graphics.html#Commands-for-graphics">22.3 Commands for graphics</a> 0535 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0536 <li><a name="toc-_005cincludegraphics-1" href="_005cincludegraphics.html#g_t_005cincludegraphics">22.3.1 <code>\includegraphics</code></a></li> 0537 <li><a name="toc-_005crotatebox-1" href="_005crotatebox.html#g_t_005crotatebox">22.3.2 <code>\rotatebox</code></a></li> 0538 <li><a name="toc-_005cscalebox-1" href="_005cscalebox.html#g_t_005cscalebox">22.3.3 <code>\scalebox</code></a></li> 0539 <li><a name="toc-_005cresizebox-1" href="_005cresizebox.html#g_t_005cresizebox">22.3.4 <code>\resizebox</code></a></li> 0540 </ul></li> 0541 </ul></li> 0542 <li><a name="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="Special-insertions.html#Special-insertions">23 Special insertions</a> 0543 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0544 <li><a name="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="Reserved-characters.html#Reserved-characters">23.1 Reserved characters</a></li> 0545 <li><a name="toc-Upper-and-lower-case-1" href="Upper-and-lower-case.html#Upper-and-lower-case">23.2 Upper and lower case</a></li> 0546 <li><a name="toc-Symbols-by-font-position-1" href="Symbols-by-font-position.html#Symbols-by-font-position">23.3 Symbols by font position</a></li> 0547 <li><a name="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="Text-symbols.html#Text-symbols">23.4 Text symbols</a></li> 0548 <li><a name="toc-Accents-1" href="Accents.html#Accents">23.5 Accents</a> 0549 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0550 <li><a name="toc-_005caccent-1" href="_005caccent.html#g_t_005caccent">23.5.1 <code>\accent</code></a></li> 0551 </ul></li> 0552 <li><a name="toc-Additional-Latin-letters-1" href="Additional-Latin-letters.html#Additional-Latin-letters">23.6 Additional Latin letters</a></li> 0553 <li><a name="toc-_005crule-1" href="_005crule.html#g_t_005crule">23.7 <code>\rule</code></a></li> 0554 <li><a name="toc-_005ctoday-1" href="_005ctoday.html#g_t_005ctoday">23.8 <code>\today</code></a></li> 0555 </ul></li> 0556 <li><a name="toc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="Splitting-the-input.html#Splitting-the-input">24 Splitting the input</a> 0557 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0558 <li><a name="toc-_005cendinput-1" href="_005cendinput.html#g_t_005cendinput">24.1 <code>\endinput</code></a></li> 0559 <li><a name="toc-_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly-1" href="_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly.html#g_t_005cinclude-_0026-_005cincludeonly">24.2 <code>\include</code> & <code>\includeonly</code></a></li> 0560 <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-1" href="_005cinput.html#g_t_005cinput">24.3 <code>\input</code></a></li> 0561 </ul></li> 0562 <li><a name="toc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="Front_002fback-matter.html#Front_002fback-matter">25 Front/back matter</a> 0563 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0564 <li><a name="toc-Table-of-contents-etc_002e-1" href="Table-of-contents-etc_002e.html#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">25.1 Table of contents etc.</a> 0565 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0566 <li><a name="toc-_005caddcontentsline-1" href="_005caddcontentsline.html#g_t_005caddcontentsline">25.1.1 <code>\addcontentsline</code></a></li> 0567 <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocontents-1" href="_005caddtocontents.html#g_t_005caddtocontents">25.1.2 <code>\addtocontents</code></a></li> 0568 <li><a name="toc-_005cnofiles-1" href="_005cnofiles.html#g_t_005cnofiles">25.1.3 <code>\nofiles</code></a></li> 0569 </ul></li> 0570 <li><a name="toc-Indexes-1" href="Indexes.html#Indexes">25.2 Indexes</a> 0571 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0572 <li><a name="toc-_005cindex-1" href="_005cindex.html#g_t_005cindex">25.2.1 <code>\index</code></a></li> 0573 <li><a name="toc-makeindex-1" href="makeindex.html#makeindex">25.2.2 <code>makeindex</code></a></li> 0574 <li><a name="toc-_005cprintindex-1" href="_005cprintindex.html#g_t_005cprintindex">25.2.3 <code>\printindex</code></a></li> 0575 </ul></li> 0576 <li><a name="toc-Glossaries-1" href="Glossaries.html#Glossaries">25.3 Glossaries</a> 0577 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0578 <li><a name="toc-_005cnewglossaryentry-1" href="_005cnewglossaryentry.html#g_t_005cnewglossaryentry">25.3.1 <code>\newglossaryentry</code></a></li> 0579 <li><a name="toc-_005cgls-1" href="_005cgls.html#g_t_005cgls">25.3.2 <code>\gls</code></a></li> 0580 </ul></li> 0581 </ul></li> 0582 <li><a name="toc-Letters-1" href="Letters.html#Letters">26 Letters</a> 0583 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0584 <li><a name="toc-_005caddress-1" href="_005caddress.html#g_t_005caddress">26.1 <code>\address</code></a></li> 0585 <li><a name="toc-_005ccc-1" href="_005ccc.html#g_t_005ccc">26.2 <code>\cc</code></a></li> 0586 <li><a name="toc-_005cclosing-1" href="_005cclosing.html#g_t_005cclosing">26.3 <code>\closing</code></a></li> 0587 <li><a name="toc-_005cencl-1" href="_005cencl.html#g_t_005cencl">26.4 <code>\encl</code></a></li> 0588 <li><a name="toc-_005clocation-1" href="_005clocation.html#g_t_005clocation">26.5 <code>\location</code></a></li> 0589 <li><a name="toc-_005cmakelabels-1" href="_005cmakelabels.html#g_t_005cmakelabels">26.6 <code>\makelabels</code></a></li> 0590 <li><a name="toc-_005cname-1" href="_005cname.html#g_t_005cname">26.7 <code>\name</code></a></li> 0591 <li><a name="toc-_005copening-1" href="_005copening.html#g_t_005copening">26.8 <code>\opening</code></a></li> 0592 <li><a name="toc-_005cps-1" href="_005cps.html#g_t_005cps">26.9 <code>\ps</code></a></li> 0593 <li><a name="toc-_005csignature-1" href="_005csignature.html#g_t_005csignature">26.10 <code>\signature</code></a></li> 0594 <li><a name="toc-_005ctelephone-1" href="_005ctelephone.html#g_t_005ctelephone">26.11 <code>\telephone</code></a></li> 0595 </ul></li> 0596 <li><a name="toc-Input_002foutput-1" href="Input_002foutput.html#Input_002foutput">27 Input/output</a> 0597 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0598 <li><a name="toc-_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout-1" href="_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout.html#g_t_005copenin-_0026-_005copenout">27.1 <code>\openin</code> & <code>\openout</code></a></li> 0599 <li><a name="toc-_005cread-1" href="_005cread.html#g_t_005cread">27.2 <code>\read</code></a></li> 0600 <li><a name="toc-_005ctypein-1" href="_005ctypein.html#g_t_005ctypein">27.3 <code>\typein</code></a></li> 0601 <li><a name="toc-_005ctypeout-1" href="_005ctypeout.html#g_t_005ctypeout">27.4 <code>\typeout</code></a></li> 0602 <li><a name="toc-_005cwrite-1" href="_005cwrite.html#g_t_005cwrite">27.5 <code>\write</code></a> 0603 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0604 <li><a name="toc-_005cmessage-1" href="_005cmessage.html#g_t_005cmessage">27.5.1 <code>\message</code></a></li> 0605 <li><a name="toc-_005cwlog-1" href="_005cwlog.html#g_t_005cwlog">27.5.2 <code>\wlog</code></a></li> 0606 <li><a name="toc-_005cwrite18-1" href="_005cwrite18.html#g_t_005cwrite18">27.5.3 <code>\write18</code></a></li> 0607 </ul></li> 0608 </ul></li> 0609 <li><a name="toc-Command-line-1" href="Command-line.html#Command-line">28 Command line</a> 0610 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0611 <li><a name="toc-Command-line-options-1" href="Command-line-options.html#Command-line-options">28.1 Command line options</a></li> 0612 <li><a name="toc-Command-line-input-1" href="Command-line-input.html#Command-line-input">28.2 Command line input</a></li> 0613 <li><a name="toc-Recovering-from-errors-1" href="Recovering-from-errors.html#Recovering-from-errors">28.3 Recovering from errors</a></li> 0614 </ul></li> 0615 <li><a name="toc-Document-templates-1" href="Document-templates.html#Document-templates">Appendix A Document templates</a> 0616 <ul class="no-bullet"> 0617 <li><a name="toc-beamer-template-1" href="beamer-template.html#beamer-template">A.1 <code>beamer</code> template</a></li> 0618 <li><a name="toc-article-template-1" href="article-template.html#article-template">A.2 <code>article</code> template</a></li> 0619 <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="book-template.html#book-template">A.3 <code>book</code> template</a></li> 0620 <li><a name="toc-Larger-book-template-1" href="Larger-book-template.html#Larger-book-template">A.4 Larger <code>book</code> template</a></li> 0621 <li><a name="toc-tugboat-template-1" href="tugboat-template.html#tugboat-template">A.5 <code>tugboat</code> template</a></li> 0622 </ul></li> 0623 <li><a name="toc-Index-1" href="IndexDocument.html#Index">Index</a></li> 0624 </ul> 0625 </div> 0626 0627 0628 0629 0630 <hr> 0631 <div class="header"> 0632 <p> 0633 Next: <a href="About-this-document.html#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="http://tug.org/texinfohtml/" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0634 </div> 0635 0636 0637 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