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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>\spacefactor (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="\spacefactor (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="\spacefactor (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="Spaces.html#Spaces" rel="up" title="Spaces"> 0053 <link href="_005c_0040.html#g_t_005c_0040" rel="next" title="\@"> 0054 <link href="_005chss.html#g_t_005chss" rel="prev" title="\hss"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="g_t_005cspacefactor"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="_005c_0028SPACE_0029.html#g_t_005c_0028SPACE_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\(SPACE)</a>, Previous: <a href="_005chss.html#g_t_005chss" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\hss</a>, Up: <a href="Spaces.html#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="g_t_005cspacefactor-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">19.5 <code>\spacefactor</code></h3> 0121 0122 <p>Synopsis: 0123 </p> 0124 <div class="example"> 0125 <pre class="example">\spacefactor=<var>integer</var> 0126 </pre></div> 0127 0128 <a name="index-_005cspacefactor"></a> 0129 <p>Influence LaTeX’s glue stretch and shrink behavior. Most user-level 0130 documents do not use this command. 0131 </p> 0132 <p>While LaTeX is laying out the material, it may stretch or shrink the 0133 gaps between words. (This space is not a character; it is called the 0134 <em>interword glue</em>; see <a href="_005chspace.html#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a>). The <code>\spacefactor</code> command 0135 (from Plain TeX) allows you to, for instance, have the space 0136 after a period stretch more than the space after a word-ending letter. 0137 </p> 0138 <p>After LaTeX places each character, or rule or other box, it sets a 0139 parameter called the <em>space factor</em>. If the next thing in the input 0140 is a space then this parameter affects how much stretching or shrinking 0141 can happen. A space factor that is larger than the normal value means 0142 that the glue can stretch more and shrink less. Normally, the space 0143 factor is 1000. This value is in effect following most characters, and 0144 any non-character box or math formula. But it is 3000 after a period, 0145 exclamation mark, or question mark, it is 2000 after a colon, 1500 after 0146 a semicolon, 1250 after a comma, and 0 after a right parenthesis or 0147 bracket, or closing double quote or single quote. Finally, it is 999 0148 after a capital letter. 0149 </p> 0150 <p>If the space factor <var>f</var> is 1000 then the glue gap will be the 0151 font’s normal space value (for Computer Modern Roman 10 point this is 0152 3.3333 points). Otherwise, if the space factor <var>f</var> is greater 0153 than 2000 then TeX adds the font’s extra space value (for Computer 0154 Modern Roman 10 point this is 1.11111 points), and then the font’s 0155 normal stretch value is multiplied by <em>f /1000</em> and the normal 0156 shrink value is multiplied by <em>1000/f</em> (for Computer Modern Roman 0157 10 point these are 1.66666 and 1.11111 points). 0158 </p> 0159 <p>For example, consider the period ending <code>A man's best friend is his 0160 dog.</code> After it, TeX puts in a fixed extra space, and also allows the 0161 glue to stretch 3 times as much and shrink 1/3 as much, as the glue 0162 after <code>friend</code>, which does not end in a period. 0163 </p> 0164 <p>The rules for space factors are even more complex because they play 0165 additional roles. In practice, there are two consequences. First, if a 0166 period or other punctuation is followed by a right parenthesis or 0167 bracket, or right single or double quote then the spacing effect of that 0168 period carries through those characters (that is, the following glue 0169 will have increased stretch and shrink). Second, if 0170 punctuation comes after a capital letter then its effect is not in place 0171 so you get an ordinary space. This second case also affects abbreviations 0172 that do not end in a capital letter (see <a href="_005c_0040.html#g_t_005c_0040">\@</a>). 0173 </p> 0174 <p>You can only use <code>\spacefactor</code> in paragraph mode or LR mode 0175 (see <a href="Modes.html#Modes">Modes</a>). You can see the current value with 0176 <code>\the\spacefactor</code> or <code>\showthe\spacefactor</code>. 0177 </p> 0178 <p>(Comment, not really related to <code>\spacefactor</code>: if you get errors 0179 like ‘<samp>You can't use `\spacefactor' in vertical mode</samp>’, or ‘<samp>You 0180 can't use `\spacefactor' in math mode.</samp>’, or ‘<samp>Improper \spacefactor</samp>’ 0181 then you have probably tried to redefine an internal command. 0182 See <a href="_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother.html#g_t_005cmakeatletter-_0026-_005cmakeatother">\makeatletter & \makeatother</a>.) 0183 </p> 0184 0185 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> 0186 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005c_0040.html#g_t_005c_0040" accesskey="1">\@</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Distinguish sentence-ending periods from abbreviations. 0187 </td></tr> 0188 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cfrenchspacing.html#g_t_005cfrenchspacing" accesskey="2">\frenchspacing</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Equal interword and inter-sentence space. 0189 </td></tr> 0190 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cnormalsfcodes.html#g_t_005cnormalsfcodes" accesskey="3">\normalsfcodes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Restore space factor settings to the default. 0191 </td></tr> 0192 </table> 0193 0194 0195 0196 0197 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0198 </body> 0199 </html>