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0001 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 0002 <html> 0003 <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a 0004 document preparation system, version of November 2018. 0005 0006 This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the 0007 VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by 0008 George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The 0009 LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The 0010 LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl 0011 Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges 0012 using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and 0013 LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by 0014 L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users 0015 Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material. We also 0016 gratefully acknowledge additional material appearing in 0017 latex2e-reference by Martin Herbert Dietze. (From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>\section (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="\section (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="\section (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="Sectioning.html#Sectioning" rel="up" title="Sectioning"> 0053 <link href="_005csubsection.html#g_t_005csubsection" rel="next" title="\subsection"> 0054 <link href="_005cchapter.html#g_t_005cchapter" rel="prev" title="\chapter"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="g_t_005csection"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="_005csubsection.html#g_t_005csubsection" accesskey="n" rel="next">\subsection</a>, Previous: <a href="_005cchapter.html#g_t_005cchapter" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\chapter</a>, Up: <a href="Sectioning.html#Sectioning" accesskey="u" rel="up">Sectioning</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="g_t_005csection-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">6.3 <code>\section</code></h3> 0121 0122 <a name="index-_005csection-1"></a> 0123 <a name="index-section-1"></a> 0124 0125 <p>Synopsis, one of: 0126 </p> 0127 <div class="example"> 0128 <pre class="example">\section{<var>title</var>} 0129 \section*{<var>title</var>} 0130 \section[<var>toc-title</var>]{<var>title</var>} 0131 </pre></div> 0132 0133 <p>Start a section. The standard LaTeX classes <code>article</code>, 0134 <code>book</code>, and <code>report</code> all have this command. 0135 </p> 0136 <p>This produces a section. 0137 </p> 0138 <div class="example"> 0139 <pre class="example">In this Part we tend to be more interested in the function, 0140 in the input-output behavior, 0141 than in the details of implementing that behavior. 0142 0143 \section{Turing machines} 0144 Despite this desire to downplay implementation, 0145 we follow the approach of A~Turing that the 0146 first step toward defining the set of computable functions 0147 is to reflect on the details of what mechanisms can do. 0148 </pre></div> 0149 0150 <p>For the standard LaTeX classes <code>book</code> and <code>report</code> the 0151 default output is like ‘<samp>1.2 <var>title</var></samp>’ (for chapter 1, 0152 section 2), alone on its line and flush left, in boldface and a 0153 larger type (the type size is <code>\Large</code>). The same holds in 0154 <code>article</code> except that there are no chapters in that class so it 0155 looks like ‘<samp>2 <var>title</var></samp>’. 0156 </p> 0157 <p>The <code>*</code> form shows <var>title</var>. 0158 But it does not show the section number, does not increment the 0159 <code>section</code> counter, produces no table of contents entry, and does 0160 not affect the running header. (If you use the page style 0161 <code>headings</code> in a two-sided document then the header will be from the 0162 prior section.) 0163 </p> 0164 <p>The optional argument <var>toc-title</var> will appear as the section title 0165 in the table of contents (see <a href="Table-of-contents-etc_002e.html#Table-of-contents-etc_002e">Table of contents etc.</a>) and in 0166 running headers (see <a href="Page-styles.html#Page-styles">Page styles</a>). If it is not present then 0167 <var>title</var> will be there. This shows the full name in the title of the 0168 section, 0169 </p> 0170 <div class="example"> 0171 <pre class="example">\section[Elizabeth~II]{Elizabeth the Second, 0172 by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, 0173 Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, 0174 Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.} 0175 </pre></div> 0176 0177 <p>but only ‘<samp>Elizabeth II</samp>’ on the contents page and in the headers. 0178 This has a line break in <var>title</var> but that does not work with headers 0179 so it is omitted from the contents and headers. 0180 </p> 0181 <div class="example"> 0182 <pre class="example">\section[Truth is, I cheated; my life story]{Truth is, 0183 I cheated\\my life story} 0184 </pre></div> 0185 0186 <p>For determining which sectional units are numbered and which appear in 0187 the table of contents, the level number of a section is 1 0188 (see <a href="Sectioning.html#Sectioning_002fsecnumdepth">Sectioning/secnumdepth</a> and see <a href="Sectioning.html#Sectioning_002ftocdepth">Sectioning/tocdepth</a>). 0189 </p> 0190 <a name="index-package_002c-indentfirst-2"></a> 0191 <a name="index-indentfirst-package-2"></a> 0192 0193 <p>The paragraph that follows the section title is not indented, as is a 0194 standard typographical practice. One way to get an indent is to use the 0195 package <samp>indentfirst</samp>. 0196 </p> 0197 <a name="index-package_002c-titlesec-3"></a> 0198 <a name="index-titlesec-package-3"></a> 0199 0200 <p>In general, to change the behavior of the <code>\section</code> command, there 0201 are a number of options. One is the <code>\@startsection</code> command 0202 (see <a href="_005c_0040startsection.html#g_t_005c_0040startsection">\@startsection</a>). There are also many packages on CTAN that 0203 address this, including <samp>titlesec</samp>. See the documentation but the 0204 example below gives a sense of what they can do. 0205 </p> 0206 <div class="example"> 0207 <pre class="example">\usepackage{titlesec} % in preamble 0208 \titleformat{\section} 0209 {\normalfont\Large\bfseries} % format of title 0210 {\makebox[1pc][r]{\thesection\hspace{1pc}}} % label 0211 {0pt} % length of separation between label and title 0212 {} % before-code hook 0213 \titlespacing*{\section} 0214 {-1pc}{18pt}{10pt}[10pc] 0215 </pre></div> 0216 0217 <p>That puts the section number in the margin. 0218 </p> 0219 0220 0221 0222 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0223 </body> 0224 </html>