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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="\phantom & \vphantom & \hphantom (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="Spacing-in-math-mode.html#Spacing-in-math-mode" rel="up" title="Spacing in math mode"> 0053 <link href="Math-miscellany.html#Math-miscellany" rel="next" title="Math miscellany"> 0054 <link href="_005csmash.html#g_t_005csmash" rel="prev" title="\smash"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Previous: <a href="_005csmash.html#g_t_005csmash" accesskey="p" rel="prev">\smash</a>, Up: <a href="Spacing-in-math-mode.html#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spacing in math mode</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="g_t_005cphantom-_0026-_005cvphantom-_0026-_005chphantom-1"></a> 0120 <h4 class="subsection">16.6.2 <code>\phantom</code> & <code>\vphantom</code> & <code>\hphantom</code></h4> 0121 0122 <a name="index-spacing_002c-math-mode"></a> 0123 <a name="index-horizontal-spacing"></a> 0124 <a name="index-vertical-spacing"></a> 0125 <a name="index-math-mode_002c-spacing-1"></a> 0126 <a name="index-invisible-character"></a> 0127 <a name="index-character_002c-invisible"></a> 0128 0129 <p>Synopsis: 0130 </p> 0131 <div class="example"> 0132 <pre class="example">\phantom{<var>subformula</var>} 0133 </pre></div> 0134 0135 <p>or 0136 </p> 0137 <div class="example"> 0138 <pre class="example">\vphantom{<var>subformula</var>} 0139 </pre></div> 0140 0141 <p>or 0142 </p> 0143 <div class="example"> 0144 <pre class="example">\hphantom{<var>subformula</var>} 0145 </pre></div> 0146 0147 <p>The <code>\phantom</code> command creates a box with the same height, depth, 0148 and width as <var>subformula</var>, but empty. That is, this command causes 0149 LaTeX to typeset the box but not its ink. The <code>\vphantom</code> 0150 variant also produces an invisible box with the same height and depth as 0151 <var>subformula</var>, but it has width zero. And <code>\hphantom</code> makes a 0152 box with the same width as <var>subformula</var> but with height and depth 0153 zero. 0154 </p> 0155 <p>Without the <code>\vphantom</code> in this example, the top bars of the two 0156 square roots would be at different heights. 0157 </p> 0158 <div class="example"> 0159 <pre class="example">\( \sqrt{\vphantom{a^3}a}\cdot\sqrt{a^3} \) 0160 </pre></div> 0161 0162 <p>The <code>\vphantom{a^3}</code> causes the first <code>\sqrt</code> to have inside 0163 it a box of the same height as the second <code>\sqrt</code>, so LaTeX 0164 makes the bars align. 0165 </p> 0166 <p>These commands often are combined with <code>\smash</code>. See <a href="_005csmash.html#g_t_005csmash">\smash</a> 0167 for another example of the use of <code>\vphantom</code>. 0168 </p> 0169 <a name="index-package_002c-mathtools-5"></a> 0170 <a name="index-mathtools-package-5"></a> 0171 0172 <p>The three phantom commands appear often but note that LaTeX provides 0173 a suite of other commands to work with box sizes that may be more 0174 convenient, including <code>\makebox</code> (see <a href="_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox.html#g_t_005cmbox-_0026-_005cmakebox">\mbox & \makebox</a>) as well 0175 as <code>\settodepth</code> (see <a href="_005csettodepth.html#g_t_005csettodepth">\settodepth</a>), <code>\settoheight</code> 0176 (see <a href="_005csettoheight.html#g_t_005csettoheight">\settoheight</a>), and <code>\settowidth</code> (see <a href="_005csettowidth.html#g_t_005csettowidth">\settowidth</a>). 0177 In addition, the <samp>mathtools</samp> package has many commands that offer 0178 fine-grained control over spacing. 0179 </p> 0180 <a name="index-package_002c-amsmath-10"></a> 0181 <a name="index-amsmath-package-10"></a> 0182 0183 <p>All three commands produce an ordinary box, without any special 0184 mathematics status. So to do something like attaching a superscript you 0185 should give it such a status, for example with the <code>\operatorname</code> 0186 command from the package <samp>amsmath</samp>. 0187 </p> 0188 <p>While most often used in mathematics, these three can appear in other 0189 contexts. However, they don’t cause LaTeX to change into horizontal 0190 mode. So if one of these starts a paragraph then you should prefix it 0191 with <code>\leavevmode</code>. 0192 </p> 0193 0194 0195 0196 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0197 </body> 0198 </html>