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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>\line (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="\line (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="\line (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="picture.html#picture" rel="up" title="picture"> 0053 <link href="_005clinethickness.html#g_t_005clinethickness" rel="next" title="\linethickness"> 0054 <link href="_005cgraphpaper.html#g_t_005cgraphpaper" rel="prev" title="\graphpaper"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. 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It slopes such that it vertically rises <var>y_rise</var> for 0131 every horizontal <var>x_run</var>. The <var>travel</var> is the total horizontal 0132 change — it is not the length of the vector, it is the change in 0133 <em>x</em>. In the special case of vertical lines, where 0134 (<var>x_run</var>,<var>y_rise</var>)=(0,1), the <var>travel</var> gives the change in 0135 <em>y</em>. 0136 </p> 0137 <p>This draws a line starting at coordinates (1,3). 0138 </p> 0139 <div class="example"> 0140 <pre class="example">\put(1,3){\line(2,5){4}} 0141 </pre></div> 0142 0143 <p>For every over 2, this line will go up 5. Because <var>travel</var> 0144 specifies that this goes over 4, it must go up 10. Thus its 0145 endpoint is <em>(1,3)+(4,10)=(5,13)</em>. In particular, note that 0146 <em><var>travel</var>=4</em> is not the length of the line, it is the change in 0147 <em>x</em>. 0148 </p> 0149 <p>The arguments <var>x_run</var> and <var>y_rise</var> are integers that can be 0150 positive, negative, or zero. (If both are 0 then LaTeX treats the 0151 second as 1.) With 0152 <code>\put(<var>x_init</var>,<var>y_init</var>){\line(<var>x_run</var>,<var>y_rise</var>){<var>travel</var>}}</code>, 0153 if <var>x_run</var> is negative then the line’s ending point has a first 0154 coordinate that is less than <var>x_init</var>. If <var>y_rise</var> is negative 0155 then the line’s ending point has a second coordinate that is less than 0156 <var>y_init</var>. 0157 </p> 0158 <p>If <var>travel</var> is negative then you get <code>LaTeX Error: Bad \line or 0159 \vector argument.</code> 0160 </p> 0161 <a name="index-pict2e-package"></a> 0162 <a name="index-graphics-packages"></a> 0163 <a name="index-package_002c-pict2e"></a> 0164 <a name="index-pict2e-package-1"></a> 0165 0166 <a name="index-package_002c-TikZ"></a> 0167 <a name="index-TikZ-package"></a> 0168 0169 <a name="index-package_002c-PSTricks"></a> 0170 <a name="index-PSTricks-package"></a> 0171 0172 <a name="index-package_002c-MetaPost"></a> 0173 <a name="index-MetaPost-package"></a> 0174 0175 <a name="index-package_002c-Asymptote"></a> 0176 <a name="index-Asymptote-package"></a> 0177 0178 <p>Standard LaTeX can only draw lines with a limited range of slopes 0179 because these lines are made by putting together line segments from 0180 pre-made fonts. The two numbers <var>x_run</var> and <var>y_rise</var> must have 0181 integer values from -6 through 6. Also, they must be 0182 relatively prime, so that <var>(x_run,y_rise)</var> can be (2,1) but not 0183 (4,2) (if you choose the latter then instead of lines you get sequences 0184 of arrowheads; the solution is to switch to the former). To get lines 0185 of arbitrary slope and plenty of other shapes in a system like 0186 <code>picture</code>, see the package <samp>pict2e</samp> on CTAN. Another solution 0187 is to use a full-featured graphics system such as <samp>TikZ</samp>, or 0188 <samp>PSTricks</samp>, or <samp>MetaPost</samp>, or <samp>Asymptote</samp> 0189 </p> 0190 0191 0192 0193 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0194 </body> 0195 </html>