File indexing completed on 2024-11-24 04:34:43
0001 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 0002 <html> 0003 <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a 0004 document preparation system, version of November 2018. 0005 0006 This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the 0007 VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by 0008 George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The 0009 LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The 0010 LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl 0011 Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges 0012 using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and 0013 LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by 0014 L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users 0015 Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material. We also 0016 gratefully acknowledge additional material appearing in 0017 latex2e-reference by Martin Herbert Dietze. (From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>\\ (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="\\ (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="\\ (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="Line-breaking.html#Line-breaking" rel="up" title="Line breaking"> 0053 <link href="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr.html#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" rel="next" title="\obeycr & \restorecr"> 0054 <link href="Line-breaking.html#Line-breaking" rel="prev" title="Line breaking"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="g_t_005c_005c"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr.html#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="n" rel="next">\obeycr & \restorecr</a>, Up: <a href="Line-breaking.html#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="g_t_005c_005c-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">9.1 <code>\\</code></h3> 0121 0122 <a name="index-_005c_005c-force-line-break"></a> 0123 <a name="index-new-line_002c-starting"></a> 0124 <a name="index-line-break_002c-forcing"></a> 0125 0126 <p>Synopsis, one of: 0127 </p> 0128 <div class="example"> 0129 <pre class="example">\\ 0130 \\[<var>morespace</var>] 0131 </pre></div> 0132 0133 <p>or one of: 0134 </p> 0135 <div class="example"> 0136 <pre class="example">\\* 0137 \\*[<var>morespace</var>] 0138 </pre></div> 0139 0140 <p>End the current line. The optional argument <var>morespace</var> specifies 0141 extra vertical space to be inserted before the next line. This is a 0142 rubber length (see <a href="Lengths.html#Lengths">Lengths</a>) and can be negative. The text before 0143 the line break is set at its normal length, that is, it is not stretched 0144 to fill out the line width. This command is fragile (see <a href="_005cprotect.html#g_t_005cprotect">\protect</a>). 0145 </p> 0146 <p>The starred form, <code>\\*</code>, tells LaTeX not to start a new page 0147 between the two lines, by issuing a <code>\nobreak</code>. 0148 </p> 0149 <div class="example"> 0150 <pre class="example">\title{My story: \\[0.25in] 0151 a tale of woe} 0152 </pre></div> 0153 0154 <p>Explicit line breaks in the main text body are unusual in LaTeX. In 0155 particular, don’t start new paragraphs with <code>\\</code>. Instead leave a 0156 blank line between the two paragraphs. And don’t put in a sequence of 0157 <code>\\</code>’s to make vertical space. Instead use 0158 <code>\vspace{<var>length</var>}</code>, or 0159 <code>\leavevmode\vspace{<var>length</var>}</code>, or 0160 <code>\vspace*{<var>length</var>}</code> if you want the space to not be thrown 0161 out at the top of a new page (see <a href="_005cvspace.html#g_t_005cvspace">\vspace</a>). 0162 </p> 0163 <p>The <code>\\</code> command is mostly used outside of the main flow of text 0164 such as in a <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment or in an 0165 equation environment. 0166 </p> 0167 <p>The <code>\\</code> command is a synonym for <code>\newline</code> 0168 (see <a href="_005cnewline.html#g_t_005cnewline">\newline</a>) under ordinary circumstances (an example of an 0169 exception is the <code>p{...}</code> column in a <code>tabular</code> 0170 environment; see <a href="tabular.html#tabular">tabular</a>). 0171 </p> 0172 <p>The <code>\\</code> command is a macro, and its definition changes by context 0173 so that its definition in normal text, a <code>center</code> environment, a 0174 <code>flushleft</code> environment, and a <code>tabular</code> are all different. 0175 In normal text when it forces a linebreak it is essentially a shorthand 0176 for <code>\newline</code>. It does not end horizontal mode or end the 0177 paragraph, it just inserts some glue and penalties so that when the 0178 paragraph does end a linebreak will occur at that point, with the short 0179 line padded with white space. 0180 </p> 0181 <p>You get ‘<samp>LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end</samp>’ if you use 0182 <code>\\</code> to ask for a new line, rather than to end the current line. 0183 An example is if you have <code>\begin{document}\\</code> or, more likely, 0184 something like this. 0185 </p> 0186 <div class="example"> 0187 <pre class="example">\begin{center} 0188 \begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth} 0189 \\ 0190 In that vertical space put your mark. 0191 \end{minipage} 0192 \end{center} 0193 </pre></div> 0194 0195 <p>Fix it by replacing the double backslash with something like 0196 <code>\vspace{\baselineskip}</code>. 0197 </p> 0198 0199 0200 0201 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0202 </body> 0203 </html>