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0001 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 0002 <html> 0003 <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a 0004 document preparation system, version of November 2018. 0005 0006 This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the 0007 VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by 0008 George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The 0009 LaTeX 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The 0010 LaTeX2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl 0011 Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges 0012 using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and 0013 LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by 0014 L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users 0015 Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material. 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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>TeX engines (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="TeX engines (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="TeX engines (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="Overview.html#Overview" rel="up" title="Overview"> 0053 <link href="LaTeX-command-syntax.html#LaTeX-command-syntax" rel="next" title="LaTeX command syntax"> 0054 <link href="Output-files.html#Output-files" rel="prev" title="Output files"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="TeX-engines"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="LaTeX-command-syntax.html#LaTeX-command-syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">LaTeX command syntax</a>, Previous: <a href="Output-files.html#Output-files" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output files</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="TeX-engines-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">2.3 TeX engines</h3> 0121 0122 <a name="index-engines_002c-TeX"></a> 0123 <a name="index-implementations-of-TeX"></a> 0124 <a name="index-UTF_002d8"></a> 0125 <a name="index-Unicode-input_002c-native"></a> 0126 <a name="index-TrueType-fonts"></a> 0127 <a name="index-OpenType-fonts"></a> 0128 0129 <p>LaTeX is defined to be a set of commands that are run by a TeX 0130 implementation (see <a href="Overview.html#Overview">Overview</a>). This section gives a terse 0131 overview of the main programs (see also <a href="Command-line.html#Command-line">Command line</a>). 0132 </p> 0133 <dl compact="compact"> 0134 <dt><code>latex</code></dt> 0135 <dt><code>pdflatex</code></dt> 0136 <dd><a name="index-pdfTeX-engine"></a> 0137 <a name="index-etex-command"></a> 0138 <a name="index-e_002dTeX"></a> 0139 <a name="tex-engines-latex"></a><p>In TeX Live (<a href="http://tug.org/texlive">http://tug.org/texlive</a>), if LaTeX is invoked 0140 via either the system command <code>latex</code> or <code>pdflatex</code>, 0141 then the pdfTeX engine is run (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex">http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex</a>). 0142 When invoked as <code>latex</code>, the main output is a <samp>.dvi</samp> 0143 file; as <code>pdflatex</code>, the main output is a <samp>.pdf</samp> file. 0144 </p> 0145 <p>pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth’s original 0146 program (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/etex">http://ctan.org/pkg/etex</a>), including additional 0147 programming features and bi-directional typesetting, and has plenty of 0148 extensions of its own. e-TeX is available on its own as the system 0149 command <code>etex</code>, but this is plain TeX (and produces 0150 <samp>.dvi</samp>). 0151 </p> 0152 <p>In other TeX distributions, <code>latex</code> may invoke e-TeX 0153 rather than pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be 0154 assumed to be available in LaTeX. 0155 </p> 0156 </dd> 0157 <dt><code>lualatex</code></dt> 0158 <dd><a name="index-lualatex-command"></a> 0159 <a name="index-LuaTeX"></a> 0160 <a name="tex-engines-lualatex"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked via the system command <code>lualatex</code>, the 0161 LuaTeX engine is run (<a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex">http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex</a>). This 0162 program allows code written in the scripting language Lua 0163 (<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>) to interact with TeX’s typesetting. 0164 LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode input natively, can handle OpenType 0165 and TrueType fonts, and produces a <samp>.pdf</samp> file by default. 0166 There is also <code>dvilualatex</code> to produce a <samp>.dvi</samp> file, 0167 but this is rarely used. 0168 </p> 0169 </dd> 0170 <dt><code>xelatex</code></dt> 0171 <dd><a name="index-xelatex-command"></a> 0172 <a name="index-XeTeX"></a> 0173 <a name="index-_002exdv-file"></a> 0174 <a name="index-xdvipdfmx"></a> 0175 <a name="tex-engines-xelatex"></a><p>If LaTeX is invoked with the system command <code>xelatex</code>, the 0176 XeTeX engine is run (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>). Like LuaTeX, 0177 XeTeX natively supports UTF-8 Unicode and TrueType and OpenType 0178 fonts, though the implementation is completely different, mainly using 0179 external libraries instead of internal code. XeTeX produces a 0180 <samp>.pdf</samp> file as output; it does not support DVI output. 0181 </p> 0182 <p>Internally, XeTeX creates an <code>.xdv</code> file, a variant of DVI, 0183 and translates that to PDF using the (<code>x</code>)<code>dvipdfmx</code> 0184 program, but this process is automatic. The <code>.xdv</code> file is only 0185 useful for debugging. 0186 </p> 0187 </dd> 0188 </dl> 0189 0190 <p>Other variants of LaTeX and TeX exist, e.g., to provide 0191 additional support for Japanese and other languages ([u]pTeX, 0192 <a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex">http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex</a>, <a href="http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex">http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex</a>). 0193 </p> 0194 0195 0196 0197 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0198 </body> 0199 </html>