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(From these references no 0018 text was directly copied.) 0019 0020 Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 0021 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Karl Berry. 0022 0023 Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. 0024 0025 Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. 0026 0027 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of 0028 this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice 0029 are preserved on all copies. 0030 0031 0032 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this 0033 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire 0034 resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission 0035 notice identical to this one. 0036 0037 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual 0038 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> 0039 <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> 0040 <head> 0041 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 0042 <title>Page breaking (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))</title> 0043 0044 <meta name="description" content="Page breaking (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0045 <meta name="keywords" content="Page breaking (LaTeX2e unofficial reference manual (November 2018))"> 0046 <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> 0047 <meta name="distribution" content="global"> 0048 <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> 0049 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> 0050 <link href="IndexDocument.html#Index" rel="index" title="Index"> 0051 <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> 0052 <link href="index.html#Top" rel="up" title="Top"> 0053 <link href="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage.html#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage" rel="next" title="\clearpage & \cleardoublepage"> 0054 <link href="_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak.html#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" rel="prev" title="\linebreak & \nolinebreak"> 0055 <style type="text/css"> 0056 <!-- 0057 /* $Id: latex2e.css 690 2018-09-15 15:20:19Z jimhefferon $ 0058 Minor css for latexrefman. Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="Page-breaking"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="Footnotes.html#Footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="Line-breaking.html#Line-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Line breaking</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="Page-breaking-1"></a> 0120 <h2 class="chapter">10 Page breaking</h2> 0121 0122 <a name="index-page-breaking"></a> 0123 <a name="index-breaking-pages"></a> 0124 0125 <p>Ordinarily LaTeX automatically takes care of breaking output into 0126 pages with its usual aplomb. But if you are writing commands, or 0127 tweaking the final version of a document, then you may need to 0128 understand how to influence its actions. 0129 </p> 0130 <p>LaTeX’s algorithm for splitting a document into pages is more complex 0131 than just waiting until there is enough material to fill a page and 0132 outputting the result. Instead, LaTeX typesets more material than 0133 would fit on the page and then chooses a break that is optimal in some 0134 way (it has the smallest badness). An example of the advantage of this 0135 approach is that if the page has some vertical space that can be 0136 stretched or shrunk, such as with rubber lengths between paragraphs, 0137 then LaTeX can use that to avoid widow lines (where a new page starts 0138 with the last line of a paragraph; LaTeX can squeeze the extra line 0139 onto the first page) and orphans (where the first line of paragraph is 0140 at the end of a page; LaTeX can stretch the material of the first 0141 page so the extra line falls on the second page). Another example is 0142 where LaTeX uses available vertical shrinkage to fit on a page not 0143 just the header for a new section but also the first two lines of that 0144 section. 0145 </p> 0146 <p>But LaTeX does not optimize over the entire document’s set of page 0147 breaks. So it can happen that the first page break is great but the 0148 second one is lousy; to break the current page LaTeX doesn’t look as 0149 far ahead as the next page break. So occasionally you may want to 0150 influence page breaks while preparing a final version of a document. 0151 </p> 0152 <p>See <a href="Layout.html#Layout">Layout</a> for more material that is relevant to page breaking. 0153 </p> 0154 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> 0155 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage.html#g_t_005cclearpage-_0026-_005ccleardoublepage" accesskey="1">\clearpage & \cleardoublepage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a new page; eject floats. 0156 </td></tr> 0157 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cnewpage.html#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="2">\newpage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Start a new page. 0158 </td></tr> 0159 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cenlargethispage.html#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="3">\enlargethispage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Enlarge the current page a bit. 0160 </td></tr> 0161 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak.html#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" accesskey="4">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Forcing & avoiding page breaks. 0162 </td></tr> 0163 </table> 0164 0165 0166 0167 0168 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0169 </body> 0170 </html>