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Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="Modes"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Next: <a href="Page-styles.html#Page-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page styles</a>, Previous: <a href="Math-formulas.html#Math-formulas" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Math formulas</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="Modes-1"></a> 0120 <h2 class="chapter">17 Modes</h2> 0121 0122 <a name="index-modes"></a> 0123 0124 <p>As LaTeX processes your document, at any point it is in one of six 0125 modes. They fall into three categories of two each, the horizontal 0126 modes, the math modes, and the vertical modes. Some commands only work 0127 in one mode or another (in particular, many commands only work in one of 0128 the math modes), and error messages will refer to these. 0129 </p> 0130 <ul> 0131 <li> <a name="modes-paragraph-mode"></a><a name="index-paragraph-mode"></a> 0132 <em>Paragraph mode</em> is what LaTeX is in when processing ordinary 0133 text. It breaks the input text into lines and breaks the lines into 0134 pages. This is the mode LaTeX is in most of the time. 0135 0136 <a name="index-left_002dto_002dright-mode"></a> 0137 <a name="index-LR-mode"></a> 0138 <a name="modes-lr-mode"></a><p><em>LR mode</em> (for left-to-right mode; in plain TeX this is called 0139 <em>restricted horizontal mode</em>) is in effect when LaTeX starts 0140 making a box with an <code>\mbox</code> command. As in paragraph mode, 0141 LaTeX’s output is a string of words with spaces between them. Unlike 0142 in paragraph mode, in LR mode LaTeX never starts a new line, it just 0143 keeps going from left to right. (Although LaTeX will not complain 0144 that the LR box is too long, when it is finished and next tries to put 0145 that box into a line, it could very well complain that the finished LR 0146 box won’t fit there.) 0147 </p> 0148 </li><li> <a name="index-math-mode"></a> 0149 <a name="modes-math-mode"></a><em>Math mode</em> is when LaTeX is generating 0150 an inline mathematical formula. 0151 0152 <a name="index-display-math-mode"></a> 0153 <p><em>Display math mode</em> is when LaTeX is generating a displayed 0154 mathematical formula. (Displayed formulas differ somewhat from inline 0155 ones. One example is that the placement of the subscript on <code>\int</code> 0156 differs in the two situations.) 0157 </p> 0158 </li><li> <a name="index-vertical-mode"></a> 0159 <a name="modes-vertical-mode"></a><em>Vertical mode</em> is when LaTeX is building the list of lines and 0160 other material making the output page. This is the mode LaTeX is in 0161 when it starts a document. 0162 0163 <a name="index-internal-vertical-mode"></a> 0164 <a name="modes-internal-vertical-mode"></a><p><em>Internal vertical mode</em> is in effect when LaTeX starts making a 0165 <code>\vbox</code>. This is the vertical analogue of LR mode. 0166 </p> 0167 </li></ul> 0168 0169 <p>For instance, if you begin a LaTeX article with ‘<samp>Let \( x \) be 0170 ...</samp>’ then these are the modes: first LaTeX starts every document in 0171 vertical mode, then it reads the ‘<samp>L</samp>’ and switches to paragraph 0172 mode, then the next switch happens at the ‘<samp>\(</samp>’ where LaTeX 0173 changes to math mode, and then when it leaves the formula it pops 0174 back to paragraph mode. 0175 </p> 0176 <a name="index-inner-paragraph-mode"></a> 0177 <a name="index-outer-paragraph-mode"></a> 0178 <a name="modes-inner-paragraph-mode"></a><a name="modes-outer-paragraph-mode"></a><p>Paragraph mode has two subcases. If you use a <code>\parbox</code> command 0179 or a <code>minipage</code> then LaTeX is put into paragraph mode. But it 0180 will not put a page break here. Inside one of these boxes, called a 0181 <em>parbox</em>, LaTeX is in <em>inner paragraph mode</em>. Its more usual 0182 situation, where it can put page breaks, is <em>outer paragraph mode</em> 0183 (see <a href="Page-breaking.html#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a>). 0184 </p> 0185 <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> 0186 <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="_005censuremath.html#g_t_005censuremath" accesskey="1">\ensuremath</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Ensure that math mode is active. 0187 </td></tr> 0188 </table> 0189 0190 0191 0192 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0193 </body> 0194 </html>