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Public domain. 0059 Originally written by Jim Hefferon and Karl Berry, 2018. */ 0060 0061 /* So you can style for yourself */ 0062 @import url("/css/latexreflocal.css"); 0063 0064 0065 0066 a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} 0067 blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em} 0068 blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller} 0069 blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} 0070 div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} 0071 div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} 0072 div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0073 div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} 0074 div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} 0075 div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} 0076 kbd {font-style: oblique} 0077 pre.display {font-family: inherit} 0078 pre.format {font-family: inherit} 0079 pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} 0080 pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} 0081 pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0082 pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} 0083 pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} 0084 pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} 0085 span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap} 0086 span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal} 0087 span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal} 0088 ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} 0089 BODY { 0090 margin-top: 1em; 0091 margin-left: 1em; /* auto results in two-digit <ol> lost off left */ 0092 margin-right: 1em; 0093 margin-bottom: 1em; 0094 /* the idea is to use the whole window, unless it is ridiculously 0095 wide, probably with too-small fonts, too. */ 0096 max-width: 64em; 0097 } 0098 0099 /* Because we want @math{... @code ...} to be upright, not slanted, 0100 and Texinfo won't fix it. */ 0101 code {font-style:normal; font-family:monospace; } 0102 0103 /* We put a link to our own home page at the bottom. */ 0104 div.referenceinfo {font-size:small;} 0105 0106 --> 0107 </style> 0108 0109 0110 </head> 0111 0112 <body lang="en"> 0113 <a name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands"></a> 0114 <div class="header"> 0115 <p> 0116 Previous: <a href="Font-sizes.html#Font-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="Fonts.html#Fonts" accesskey="u" rel="up">Fonts</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="IndexDocument.html#Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> 0117 </div> 0118 <hr> 0119 <a name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1"></a> 0120 <h3 class="section">4.4 Low-level font commands</h3> 0121 0122 <a name="index-low_002dlevel-font-commands"></a> 0123 <a name="index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel"></a> 0124 0125 <p>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and 0126 packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available 0127 ones. 0128 </p> 0129 <dl compact="compact"> 0130 <dd><a name="low-level-font-commands-fontencoding"></a></dd> 0131 <dt><code>\fontencoding{<var>encoding</var>}</code></dt> 0132 <dd><a name="index-_005cfontencoding"></a> 0133 <p>Select the font encoding, the encoding of the output font. There are a 0134 large number of valid encodings. The most common are <code>OT1</code>, 0135 Knuth’s original encoding for Computer Modern (the default), and 0136 <code>T1</code>, also known as the Cork encoding, which has support for the 0137 accented characters used by the most widespread European languages 0138 (German, French, Italian, Polish and others), which allows TeX to 0139 hyphenate words containing accented letters. For more, see 0140 <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide">https://ctan.org/pkg/encguide</a>. 0141 </p> 0142 <a name="low-level-font-commands-fontfamily"></a></dd> 0143 <dt><code>\fontfamily{<var>family</var>}</code></dt> 0144 <dd><a name="index-_005cfontfamily"></a> 0145 <a name="index-families_002c-of-fonts"></a> 0146 <a name="index-font-catalogue"></a> 0147 <p>Select the font family. The web page 0148 <a href="http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/">http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/</a> provides one way to browse 0149 through many of the fonts easily used with LaTeX. Here are 0150 examples of some common families. 0151 </p> 0152 <table> 0153 <tr><td><code>pag</code></td><td>Avant Garde</td></tr> 0154 <tr><td><code>fvs</code></td><td>Bitstream Vera Sans</td></tr> 0155 <tr><td><code>pbk</code></td><td>Bookman</td></tr> 0156 <tr><td><code>bch</code></td><td>Charter</td></tr> 0157 <tr><td><code>ccr</code></td><td>Computer Concrete</td></tr> 0158 <tr><td><code>cmr</code></td><td>Computer Modern</td></tr> 0159 <tr><td><code>cmss</code></td><td>Computer Modern Sans Serif</td></tr> 0160 <tr><td><code>cmtt</code></td><td>Computer Modern Typewriter</td></tr> 0161 <tr><td><code>pcr</code></td><td>Courier</td></tr> 0162 <tr><td><code>phv</code></td><td>Helvetica</td></tr> 0163 <tr><td><code>fi4</code></td><td>Inconsolata</td></tr> 0164 <tr><td><code>lmr</code></td><td>Latin Modern</td></tr> 0165 <tr><td><code>lmss</code></td><td>Latin Modern Sans</td></tr> 0166 <tr><td><code>lmtt</code></td><td>Latin Modern Typewriter</td></tr> 0167 <tr><td><code>pnc</code></td><td>New Century Schoolbook</td></tr> 0168 <tr><td><code>ppl</code></td><td>Palatino</td></tr> 0169 <tr><td><code>ptm</code></td><td>Times</td></tr> 0170 <tr><td><code>uncl</code></td><td>Uncial</td></tr> 0171 <tr><td><code>put</code></td><td>Utopia</td></tr> 0172 <tr><td><code>pzc</code></td><td>Zapf Chancery</td></tr> 0173 </table> 0174 0175 0176 <a name="low-level-font-commands-fontseries"></a></dd> 0177 <dt><code>\fontseries{<var>series</var>}</code></dt> 0178 <dd><a name="index-_005cfontseries"></a> 0179 <a name="index-series_002c-of-fonts"></a> 0180 <p>Select the font series. A <em>series</em> combines a <em>weight</em> and a 0181 <em>width</em>. Typically, a font supports only a few of the possible 0182 combinations. Some common combined series values include: 0183 </p> 0184 <table> 0185 <tr><td><code>m</code></td><td>Medium (normal)</td></tr> 0186 <tr><td><code>b</code></td><td>Bold</td></tr> 0187 <tr><td><code>c</code></td><td>Condensed</td></tr> 0188 <tr><td><code>bc</code></td><td>Bold condensed</td></tr> 0189 <tr><td><code>bx</code></td><td>Bold extended</td></tr> 0190 </table> 0191 0192 <a name="index-weights_002c-of-fonts"></a> 0193 <p>The possible values for weight, individually, are: 0194 </p> 0195 <table> 0196 <tr><td><code>ul</code></td><td>Ultra light</td></tr> 0197 <tr><td><code>el</code></td><td>Extra light</td></tr> 0198 <tr><td><code>l</code></td><td>Light</td></tr> 0199 <tr><td><code>sl</code></td><td>Semi light</td></tr> 0200 <tr><td><code>m</code></td><td>Medium (normal)</td></tr> 0201 <tr><td><code>sb</code></td><td>Semi bold</td></tr> 0202 <tr><td><code>b</code></td><td>Bold</td></tr> 0203 <tr><td><code>eb</code></td><td>Extra bold</td></tr> 0204 <tr><td><code>ub</code></td><td>Ultra bold</td></tr> 0205 </table> 0206 0207 <a name="index-widths_002c-of-fonts"></a> 0208 <p>The possible values for width, individually, are (the meaning and 0209 relationship of these terms varies with individual typefaces): 0210 </p> 0211 <table> 0212 <tr><td><code>uc</code></td><td>Ultra condensed</td></tr> 0213 <tr><td><code>ec</code></td><td>Extra condensed</td></tr> 0214 <tr><td><code>c</code></td><td>Condensed</td></tr> 0215 <tr><td><code>sc</code></td><td>Semi condensed</td></tr> 0216 <tr><td><code>m</code></td><td>Medium</td></tr> 0217 <tr><td><code>sx</code></td><td>Semi expanded</td></tr> 0218 <tr><td><code>x</code></td><td>Expanded</td></tr> 0219 <tr><td><code>ex</code></td><td>Extra expanded</td></tr> 0220 <tr><td><code>ux</code></td><td>Ultra expanded</td></tr> 0221 </table> 0222 0223 <p>When forming the <var>series</var> string from the weight and width, drop the 0224 <code>m</code> that stands for medium weight or medium width, unless both 0225 weight and width are <code>m</code>, in which case use just one 0226 (‘<samp><code>m</code></samp>’). 0227 </p> 0228 </dd> 0229 <dt><code>\fontshape{<var>shape</var>}</code></dt> 0230 <dd><a name="index-_005cfontshape"></a> 0231 <a name="index-shapes_002c-of-fonts"></a> 0232 <a name="low-level-font-commands-fontshape"></a><p>Select font shape. Valid shapes are: 0233 </p> 0234 <table> 0235 <tr><td><code>n</code></td><td>Upright (normal)</td></tr> 0236 <tr><td><code>it</code></td><td>Italic</td></tr> 0237 <tr><td><code>sl</code></td><td>Slanted (oblique)</td></tr> 0238 <tr><td><code>sc</code></td><td>Small caps</td></tr> 0239 <tr><td><code>ui</code></td><td>Upright italics</td></tr> 0240 <tr><td><code>ol</code></td><td>Outline</td></tr> 0241 </table> 0242 0243 <p>The two last shapes are not available for most font families, and 0244 small caps are often missing as well. 0245 </p> 0246 <a name="low-level-font-commands-fontsize"></a></dd> 0247 <dt><code>\fontsize{<var>size</var>}{<var>skip</var>}</code></dt> 0248 <dd><a name="index-_005cfontsize"></a> 0249 <a name="index-font-size"></a> 0250 <a name="index-_005cbaselineskip"></a> 0251 <p>Set the font size and the line spacing. The unit of both parameters 0252 defaults to points (<code>pt</code>). The line spacing is the nominal 0253 vertical space between lines, baseline to baseline. It is stored in the 0254 parameter <code>\baselineskip</code>. The default <code>\baselineskip</code> for 0255 the Computer Modern typeface is 1.2 times the <code>\fontsize</code>. 0256 Changing <code>\baselineskip</code> directly is inadvisable since its value is 0257 reset every time a size change happens; see <code>\baselinestretch</code>, next. 0258 </p> 0259 <a name="low-level-font-commands-baselinestretch"></a></dd> 0260 <dt><code>\baselinestretch</code></dt> 0261 <dd><a name="index-_005cbaselinestretch"></a> 0262 <p>LaTeX multiplies the line spacing by the value of the 0263 <code>\baselinestretch</code> parameter; the default factor is 1. A change 0264 takes effect when <code>\selectfont</code> (see below) is called. You can 0265 make a line skip change happen for the entire document, for instance 0266 doubling it, by doing <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2.0}</code> in 0267 the preamble. 0268 </p> 0269 <a name="index-package_002c-setspace"></a> 0270 <a name="index-setspace-package"></a> 0271 0272 <a name="index-double-spacing"></a> 0273 <p>However, the best way to double-space a document is to use the 0274 <samp>setspace</samp> package. In addition to offering a number of spacing 0275 options, this package keeps the line spacing single-spaced in places 0276 where that is typically desirable, such as footnotes and figure 0277 captions. See the package documentation. 0278 </p> 0279 <a name="low-level-font-commands-linespread"></a></dd> 0280 <dt><code>\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</code></dt> 0281 <dd><a name="index-_005clinespread"></a> 0282 <p>Equivalent to 0283 <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var>factor</var>}</code>, and 0284 therefore must be followed by <code>\selectfont</code> to have any effect. 0285 Best specified in the preamble, or use the <code>setspace</code> package, as 0286 just described. 0287 </p> 0288 <a name="low-level-font-commands-selectfont"></a></dd> 0289 <dt><code>\selectfont</code></dt> 0290 <dd><a name="index-_005cselectfont"></a> 0291 <p>The effects of the font commands described above do not happen until 0292 <code>\selectfont</code> is called, as in 0293 <code>\fontfamily{<var>familyname</var>}\selectfont</code>. It is often useful 0294 to put this in a macro:<br> 0295 <code>\newcommand*{\myfont}{\fontfamily{<var>familyname</var>}\selectfont}</code><br> 0296 (see <a href="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand.html#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a>). 0297 </p> 0298 <a name="low-level-font-commands-usefont"></a></dd> 0299 <dt><code>\usefont{<var>enc</var>}{<var>family</var>}{<var>series</var>}{<var>shape</var>}</code></dt> 0300 <dd><a name="index-_005cusefont"></a> 0301 <p>The same as invoking <code>\fontencoding</code>, <code>\fontfamily</code>, 0302 <code>\fontseries</code> and <code>\fontshape</code> with the given parameters, 0303 followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. For example: 0304 </p> 0305 <div class="example"> 0306 <pre class="example">\usefont{ot1}{cmr}{m}{n} 0307 </pre></div> 0308 0309 </dd> 0310 </dl> 0311 0312 0313 0314 0315 <hr/><div class='referenceinfo'> <a href='https://latexref.xyz/'> <i>Unofficial LaTeX2e reference manual</i></a></div> 0316 </body> 0317 </html>