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0001 TY - JOUR 0002 TI - Application of the Danckwerts method in a bubble column. Effects of surfactants on mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area 0003 IS - 1 0004 A1 - Vazquez, G. 0005 A1 - Cancela, M.A. 0006 A1 - Riverol, C. 0007 A1 - Alvarez, E. 0008 A1 - Navaza, J.M. 0009 PY - 2000 0010 U1 - 00075230285 0011 N2 - We determined interfacial areas, A, and individual mass transfer coefficients, k<sub>L</sub>, for the absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> in a bubble column, with an anionic surfactant in the absorbent liquid. The results of experiments to determine the dependence of k<sub>L</sub> on surface tension of the liquid phase and the superficial velocity of the gas were fitted to within a 10% error by expressions of the form k<sub>L</sub> = K<sub>4</sub> σ<sup>1.35</sup> u<sub>G</sub><sup>0.5</sup> where K<sub>4</sub> depends exclusively on the kind of bubbling device. Likewise, the experimental values of specific area, a, were correlated with the column diameter d<sub>c</sub> and the physical properties by means the following equation: ad<sub>c</sub> = K·Re<sup>0.98</sup>·Sc<sup>0.57</sup>·Fr<su p>0.09</sup> ·Bo<sup>-0.70</sup>(d<sub>p</sub>/d<sub>c</sup>)<sup>-0.1 9</sup> that reproduces satisfactorily the experimental values. 0012 JO - Chemical Engineering Journal 0013 N1 - Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2004 Elsevier Engineering Information, Inc. 0014 SP - 13 0015 KW - Surface active agents 0016 KW - Mass transfer 0017 KW - Absorption 0018 KW - Carbon dioxide 0019 KW - Adsorbents 0020 KW - Surface tension 0021 KW - Mathematical models 0022 KW - Correlation methods 0023 SN - 1385-8947 0024 VL - 78 0025 AD - Univ of Santiago, Santiago, Spain 0026 KW - Bubble columns 0027 EP - 19 0028 PB - Elsevier Science S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland 0029 U2 - Danckwerts method 0030 ER - 0031 0032 TY - JOUR 0033 TI - Superionic AgI-MI<sub>n</sub>-Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> glasses (M=Pb, Sb): Conduction pathways associated with additional metal iodide 0034 A1 - Renard, C. 0035 A1 - Coquet, G. 0036 A1 - Bychkov, E. 0037 PY - 2002 0038 U1 - 03017298314 0039 N2 - The ionic conductivity of the 0.5AgI·xSbI<sub>3</sub>·(0.5-x)Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</s ub> and 0.5AgI·xPbI<sub>2</sub>·(0.5-x)Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</s ub> glassy systems with a constant silver concentration has been investigated. It was found that the Ag<sup>+</sup> ion transport is closely related to the heavy metal iodide content. The conductivity activation energy decreases from 0.38 to 0.28 eV, and the room temperature conductivity increases by a factor of 100 with increasing x. A structural model based on available neutron diffraction, EXAFS and <sup>129</sup>I-Mossbauer spectroscopy data was proposed to explain the observed phenomena. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 0040 JO - Solid State Ionics 0041 N1 - Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2004 Elsevier Engineering Information, Inc. 0042 SP - 749 0043 KW - Glass 0044 KW - Silver 0045 KW - Activation energy 0046 KW - Neutron diffraction 0047 KW - Mossbauer spectroscopy 0048 SN - 0167-2738 0049 VL - 154-155 0050 AD - LPCA, UMR CNRS 8101, Universite du Littoral Cote d'Opale, 59140 Dunkirk, France 0051 KW - Ionic conduction in solids 0052 EP - 757 0053 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. 0054 U2 - Conduction pathways 0055 ER - 0056 0057 TY - JOUR 0058 TI - Models of the low-spin iron(III) hydroperoxide intermediate of heme oxygenase: Magnetic resonance evidence for thermodynamic stabilization of the d<sub>xy</sub> electronic state at ambient temperatures 0059 IS - 21 0060 A1 - Rivera, Mario 0061 A1 - Caignan, Gregori A. 0062 A1 - Astashkin, Andrei V. 0063 A1 - Raitsimring, Arnold M. 0064 A1 - Shokhireva, Tatjana Kh. 0065 A1 - Walker, F. Ann 0066 PY - 2002 0067 U1 - 02236969079 0068 N2 - The <sup>13</sup>C pulsed ENDOR and NMR study of [meso-<sup>13</sup>C-TPPFe(OCH<sub>3</sub>)(OO<sup>t</sup>Bu)]<sup>-< /sup> performed in this work shows that although the unpaired electron in low-spin ferrihemes containing a ROO<sup>-</sup> ligand resides in a d<sub>π</sub> orbital at 8 K, the d<sub>xy</sub> electron configuration is favored at physiological temperatures. The variable temperature NMR spectra indicate a dynamic situation in which a heme with a d<sub>π</sub> electron configuration and planar porphyrinate ring is in equilibrium with a d<sub>xy</sub> electron configuration that has a ruffled porphyrin ring. Because of the similarity in the EPR spectra of the hydroperoxide complexes of heme oxygenase, cytochrome P450, and the model heme complex reported herein, it is possible that these two electron configurations and ring conformations may also exist in equilibrium in the enzymatic systems. The ruffled porphyrinate ring would aid the attack of the terminal oxygen of the hydroperoxide intermediate of heme oxygenase (HO) on the meso-carbon, and the large spin density at the meso-carbons of a d<sub>xy</sub> electron configuration heme suggests the possibility of a radical mechanism for HO. The dynamic equilibrium between the ruffled (d<sub>xy</sub>) and planar (d<sub>π</sub>) conformers observed in the model complexes also suggests that a flexible heme binding cavity may be an important structural motif for heme oxygenase activity. 0069 JO - Journal of the American Chemical Society 0070 N1 - Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2004 Elsevier Engineering Information, Inc. 0071 SP - 6077 0072 KW - Peroxides 0073 KW - Electronic properties 0074 KW - Enzymes 0075 KW - Nuclear magnetic resonance 0076 KW - Thermodynamic stability 0077 KW - Complexation 0078 SN - 0002-7863 0079 VL - 124 0080 AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, United States 0081 KW - Iron 0082 EP - 6089 0083 U2 - Ambient temperatures 0084 ER -