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0001 Installation Instructions
0002 *************************
0003
0004 Copyright (C) 1994-1996, 1999-2002, 2004-2016 Free Software
0005 Foundation, Inc.
0006
0007 Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
0008 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
0009 notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is,
0010 without warranty of any kind.
0011
0012 Basic Installation
0013 ==================
0014
0015 Briefly, the shell command './configure && make && make install'
0016 should configure, build, and install this package. The following
0017 more-detailed instructions are generic; see the 'README' file for
0018 instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this
0019 'INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
0020 below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
0021 necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
0022 in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
0023
0024 The 'configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
0025 various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses
0026 those values to create a 'Makefile' in each directory of the package.
0027 It may also create one or more '.h' files containing system-dependent
0028 definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script 'config.status' that
0029 you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a
0030 file 'config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for
0031 debugging 'configure').
0032
0033 It can also use an optional file (typically called 'config.cache' and
0034 enabled with '--cache-file=config.cache' or simply '-C') that saves the
0035 results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring. Caching is disabled by
0036 default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale cache files.
0037
0038 If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try
0039 to figure out how 'configure' could check whether to do them, and mail
0040 diffs or instructions to the address given in the 'README' so they can
0041 be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at
0042 some point 'config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you
0043 may remove or edit it.
0044
0045 The file 'configure.ac' (or 'configure.in') is used to create
0046 'configure' by a program called 'autoconf'. You need 'configure.ac' if
0047 you want to change it or regenerate 'configure' using a newer version of
0048 'autoconf'.
0049
0050 The simplest way to compile this package is:
0051
0052 1. 'cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type
0053 './configure' to configure the package for your system.
0054
0055 Running 'configure' might take a while. While running, it prints
0056 some messages telling which features it is checking for.
0057
0058 2. Type 'make' to compile the package.
0059
0060 3. Optionally, type 'make check' to run any self-tests that come with
0061 the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
0062
0063 4. Type 'make install' to install the programs and any data files and
0064 documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
0065 recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
0066 user, and only the 'make install' phase executed with root
0067 privileges.
0068
0069 5. Optionally, type 'make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
0070 this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
0071 This target does not install anything. Running this target as a
0072 regular user, particularly if the prior 'make install' required
0073 root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
0074 correctly.
0075
0076 6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
0077 source code directory by typing 'make clean'. To also remove the
0078 files that 'configure' created (so you can compile the package for
0079 a different kind of computer), type 'make distclean'. There is
0080 also a 'make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
0081 for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get
0082 all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
0083 with the distribution.
0084
0085 7. Often, you can also type 'make uninstall' to remove the installed
0086 files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that
0087 uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
0088 GNU Coding Standards.
0089
0090 8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide 'make
0091 distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other
0092 targets like 'make install' and 'make uninstall' work correctly.
0093 This target is generally not run by end users.
0094
0095 Compilers and Options
0096 =====================
0097
0098 Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
0099 the 'configure' script does not know about. Run './configure --help'
0100 for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
0101
0102 You can give 'configure' initial values for configuration parameters
0103 by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here is
0104 an example:
0105
0106 ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix
0107
0108 *Note Defining Variables::, for more details.
0109
0110 Compiling For Multiple Architectures
0111 ====================================
0112
0113 You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
0114 same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
0115 own directory. To do this, you can use GNU 'make'. 'cd' to the
0116 directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
0117 the 'configure' script. 'configure' automatically checks for the source
0118 code in the directory that 'configure' is in and in '..'. This is known
0119 as a "VPATH" build.
0120
0121 With a non-GNU 'make', it is safer to compile the package for one
0122 architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have
0123 installed the package for one architecture, use 'make distclean' before
0124 reconfiguring for another architecture.
0125
0126 On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
0127 executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
0128 "universal" binaries--by specifying multiple '-arch' options to the
0129 compiler but only a single '-arch' option to the preprocessor. Like
0130 this:
0131
0132 ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
0133 CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
0134 CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
0135
0136 This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
0137 may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
0138 using the 'lipo' tool if you have problems.
0139
0140 Installation Names
0141 ==================
0142
0143 By default, 'make install' installs the package's commands under
0144 '/usr/local/bin', include files under '/usr/local/include', etc. You
0145 can specify an installation prefix other than '/usr/local' by giving
0146 'configure' the option '--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
0147 absolute file name.
0148
0149 You can specify separate installation prefixes for
0150 architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you
0151 pass the option '--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to 'configure', the package uses
0152 PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
0153 Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
0154
0155 In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
0156 options like '--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
0157 kinds of files. Run 'configure --help' for a list of the directories
0158 you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the default
0159 for these options is expressed in terms of '${prefix}', so that
0160 specifying just '--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
0161 specifications that were not explicitly provided.
0162
0163 The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
0164 correct locations to 'configure'; however, many packages provide one or
0165 both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
0166 'make install' command line to change installation locations without
0167 having to reconfigure or recompile.
0168
0169 The first method involves providing an override variable for each
0170 affected directory. For example, 'make install
0171 prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
0172 directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
0173 '${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during 'configure',
0174 but not in terms of '${prefix}', must each be overridden at install time
0175 for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of makefile
0176 variable overrides for each directory variable is required by the GNU
0177 Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation. However, some
0178 platforms have known limitations with the semantics of shared libraries
0179 that end up requiring recompilation when using this method, particularly
0180 noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
0181
0182 The second method involves providing the 'DESTDIR' variable. For
0183 example, 'make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
0184 '/alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of
0185 'DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
0186 does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand,
0187 it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
0188 when some directory options were not specified in terms of '${prefix}'
0189 at 'configure' time.
0190
0191 Optional Features
0192 =================
0193
0194 If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
0195 with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving 'configure' the
0196 option '--program-prefix=PREFIX' or '--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
0197
0198 Some packages pay attention to '--enable-FEATURE' options to
0199 'configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
0200 They may also pay attention to '--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
0201 is something like 'gnu-as' or 'x' (for the X Window System). The
0202 'README' should mention any '--enable-' and '--with-' options that the
0203 package recognizes.
0204
0205 For packages that use the X Window System, 'configure' can usually
0206 find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
0207 you can use the 'configure' options '--x-includes=DIR' and
0208 '--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
0209
0210 Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
0211 execution of 'make' will be. For these packages, running './configure
0212 --enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
0213 overridden with 'make V=1'; while running './configure
0214 --disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
0215 overridden with 'make V=0'.
0216
0217 Particular systems
0218 ==================
0219
0220 On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU CC
0221 is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
0222 order to use an ANSI C compiler:
0223
0224 ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
0225
0226 and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
0227
0228 HP-UX 'make' updates targets which have the same time stamps as their
0229 prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped generated
0230 files such as 'configure' are involved. Use GNU 'make' instead.
0231
0232 On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
0233 parse its '<wchar.h>' header file. The option '-nodtk' can be used as a
0234 workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended to
0235 try
0236
0237 ./configure CC="cc"
0238
0239 and if that doesn't work, try
0240
0241 ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
0242
0243 On Solaris, don't put '/usr/ucb' early in your 'PATH'. This
0244 directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
0245 these programs are available in '/usr/bin'. So, if you need '/usr/ucb'
0246 in your 'PATH', put it _after_ '/usr/bin'.
0247
0248 On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in '/boot/common',
0249 not '/usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options:
0250
0251 ./configure --prefix=/boot/common
0252
0253 Specifying the System Type
0254 ==========================
0255
0256 There may be some features 'configure' cannot figure out
0257 automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
0258 will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
0259 _same_ architectures, 'configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
0260 a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
0261 '--build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system
0262 type, such as 'sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
0263
0264 CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
0265
0266 where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
0267
0268 OS
0269 KERNEL-OS
0270
0271 See the file 'config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If
0272 'config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
0273 need to know the machine type.
0274
0275 If you are _building_ compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should
0276 use the option '--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will
0277 produce code for.
0278
0279 If you want to _use_ a cross compiler, that generates code for a
0280 platform different from the build platform, you should specify the
0281 "host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will
0282 eventually be run) with '--host=TYPE'.
0283
0284 Sharing Defaults
0285 ================
0286
0287 If you want to set default values for 'configure' scripts to share,
0288 you can create a site shell script called 'config.site' that gives
0289 default values for variables like 'CC', 'cache_file', and 'prefix'.
0290 'configure' looks for 'PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
0291 'PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the
0292 'CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
0293 A warning: not all 'configure' scripts look for a site script.
0294
0295 Defining Variables
0296 ==================
0297
0298 Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the
0299 environment passed to 'configure'. However, some packages may run
0300 configure again during the build, and the customized values of these
0301 variables may be lost. In order to avoid this problem, you should set
0302 them in the 'configure' command line, using 'VAR=value'. For example:
0303
0304 ./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc
0305
0306 causes the specified 'gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is
0307 overridden in the site shell script).
0308
0309 Unfortunately, this technique does not work for 'CONFIG_SHELL' due to an
0310 Autoconf limitation. Until the limitation is lifted, you can use this
0311 workaround:
0312
0313 CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash
0314
0315 'configure' Invocation
0316 ======================
0317
0318 'configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
0319 operates.
0320
0321 '--help'
0322 '-h'
0323 Print a summary of all of the options to 'configure', and exit.
0324
0325 '--help=short'
0326 '--help=recursive'
0327 Print a summary of the options unique to this package's
0328 'configure', and exit. The 'short' variant lists options used only
0329 in the top level, while the 'recursive' variant lists options also
0330 present in any nested packages.
0331
0332 '--version'
0333 '-V'
0334 Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the 'configure'
0335 script, and exit.
0336
0337 '--cache-file=FILE'
0338 Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE,
0339 traditionally 'config.cache'. FILE defaults to '/dev/null' to
0340 disable caching.
0341
0342 '--config-cache'
0343 '-C'
0344 Alias for '--cache-file=config.cache'.
0345
0346 '--quiet'
0347 '--silent'
0348 '-q'
0349 Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To
0350 suppress all normal output, redirect it to '/dev/null' (any error
0351 messages will still be shown).
0352
0353 '--srcdir=DIR'
0354 Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually
0355 'configure' can determine that directory automatically.
0356
0357 '--prefix=DIR'
0358 Use DIR as the installation prefix. *note Installation Names:: for
0359 more details, including other options available for fine-tuning the
0360 installation locations.
0361
0362 '--no-create'
0363 '-n'
0364 Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
0365 files.
0366
0367 'configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run
0368 'configure --help' for more details.