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0001 <?xml version="1.0" ?>
0002 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdedbx45.dtd" [
0003 <!ENTITY i18n-knights "<application>Knights</application>">
0004   <!ENTITY kappversion "2.6.2"><!--Application version. Use this variable everywhere it's needed.-->
0005   <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE">
0006   <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE">
0007 ]>
0008 <book id="knights" lang="&language;">
0009   <bookinfo>
0010     <title>The &knights; Handbook</title>
0011 
0012     <authorgroup>
0013       <author>
0014         <firstname>Miha</firstname>
0015         <surname>Čančula</surname>
0016         <affiliation>
0017           <address>
0018             <email>miha.cancula@gmail.com</email>
0019           </address>
0020         </affiliation>
0021       </author>
0022       <!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS -->
0023 
0024     </authorgroup>
0025     <copyright>
0026       <year>2011</year>
0027       <holder>Miha Čančula</holder>
0028     </copyright>
0029 
0030     <legalnotice>&FDLNotice;
0031     </legalnotice>
0032 
0033     <date>2021-10-13</date><!-- Date of (re)writing, or update.-->
0034     <releaseinfo>&kappversion; (KDE Gear 21.08)</releaseinfo><!-- Application version number. Use the variable definitions within header to change this value.-->
0035 
0036     <abstract>
0037       <para>This documentation describes the game of &i18n-knights; version &kappversion;</para>
0038     </abstract>
0039 
0040     <keywordset>
0041       <keyword>KDE</keyword><!-- do not change this! -->
0042       <keyword>game</keyword><!-- do not change this! -->
0043       <keyword>board</keyword>
0044       <keyword>chess</keyword>
0045       <keyword>Knights</keyword>
0046     </keywordset>
0047 
0048   </bookinfo>
0049 
0050   <chapter id="introduction">
0051     <title>Introduction</title>
0052 
0053     <note>
0054       <title>Gametype:</title>
0055       <para>Board</para>
0056     </note>
0057 
0058     <note>
0059       <title>Number of possible players:</title>
0060       <para>One or two</para>
0061     </note>
0062 
0063     <para>&i18n-knights; is a chess game. As a player, your goal is to
0064     defeat your opponent by checkmating their king.</para>
0065   </chapter>
0066 
0067   <chapter id="how-to-play"><title>How to play</title> <!-- do not change this! -->
0068     <!--Describe the objective of the game.-->
0069     <sect1 id="objective">
0070       <title>Objective</title>
0071 
0072       <para>Moving your pieces, capture your opponent's pieces until your opponent's king is under attack and they have no move to stop the attack - called <quote>checkmate</quote>.</para>
0073 
0074       <para>If it appears you cannot win, you can play for a draw (tie).  Move your pieces until you have no legal moves left and your king is not under attack - called <quote>stalemate</quote>. Other forms of draws can be available depending upon the chess rules being followed for the game.</para>
0075     </sect1>
0076 
0077     <!--How to play description. Don't be to specific on rules as they have a separate section in this document-->
0078     <sect1 id="starting-the-game">
0079       <title>Starting the Game</title>
0080 
0081       <para>When the program starts or the user selects the <menuchoice><shortcut>
0082       <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>N</keycap></keycombo> </shortcut>
0083       <guimenu>Game</guimenu> <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu item,
0084       a dialog is shown. In this dialog, it's possible to
0085       specify who you are playing against, your color and
0086       the time limits.</para>
0087 
0088       <screenshot>
0089         <screeninfo>New Game dialog</screeninfo>
0090         <mediaobject>
0091           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-newgame-dialog.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0092           <caption>New Game dialog</caption>
0093         </mediaobject>
0094       </screenshot>
0095 
0096       <para>If you wish to play against a friend on the same computer, select
0097       <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel>
0098       and <guilabel>Human</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.</para>
0099 
0100       <para>If you wish to play against the computer, select
0101       <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
0102       <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>.
0103       From this drop down list choose the program you would like to play against, and
0104       make sure that the program you specify is installed on your
0105       computer and that it supports either the XBoard or <acronym>UCI</acronym> protocols.</para>
0106 
0107       <para>If you have installed a chess engine but it does not appear in the list,
0108       click the <guibutton>Configure...</guibutton> button and add the engine there.
0109       For more information on this dialog see <link linkend="configuration-engines">Computer Engines</link>.</para>
0110 
0111       <note><para>Even though a program is listed in the dialog, it does not mean it
0112       is installed. Make sure you install whatever chess engine you wish to play against.
0113       You can check whether an engine is installed on your system or not in the
0114       <guilabel>Chess Engines</guilabel> dialog.</para></note>
0115 
0116       <para>If you wish to play against someone over the Internet, select
0117       <guilabel>Human (You)</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 1</guilabel> and
0118       <guilabel>Chess server:</guilabel> for <guilabel>Player 2</guilabel>. You will
0119       have to login into the server and find an opponent before you can start playing.
0120       The Free Internet Chess Server (<ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/">FreeChess.org</ulink>)
0121       supports guests, but you have to register in order to play games which affect
0122       your rating.</para>
0123 
0124       <para>You can also watch two programs play against each other, by selecting
0125       <guilabel>Computer engine:</guilabel> for both players.</para>
0126 
0127       <para>Similarly, you can play a computer engine against an opponent at a chess server.
0128       However, note that the chess server may have a policy regarding such play. For the Free
0129       Internet Chess Server it is located
0130       <ulink url="https://www.freechess.org/Help/HelpFiles/computers.html">here</ulink>.</para>
0131 
0132       <para>The <guilabel>Use time control</guilabel> check box allows you to turn on an
0133       optional timer. &i18n-knights; uses the standard chess time control which has three
0134       parameters inside spinboxes:</para>
0135 
0136       <itemizedlist>
0137         <listitem><para><guilabel>Time control period:</guilabel> specifies the number of moves
0138         after which the <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is added to the player's clock.
0139         You can disable this addition by setting the value to zero.</para>
0140         <note><para>This option is not available when playing on a chess server.</para></note><para/></listitem>
0141         <listitem><para>The <guilabel>Initial time limit:</guilabel> is the amount of time the
0142         players start with.</para></listitem>
0143         <listitem><para><guilabel>Increment per move:</guilabel> specifies how much time will be
0144         added to the player's clock after every move he makes. It can be safely set to zero to
0145         disable incrementing the clock.</para></listitem>
0146       </itemizedlist>
0147 
0148       <para>After you press the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, the dialog will close. If you
0149       selected a player at a chess server, you will have to log in and find your opponent.
0150       Otherwise, the game will start immediately.</para>
0151 
0152       <note><para>&i18n-knights; will load a default theme automatically once you start the game
0153       and you can begin playing right away.</para></note>
0154     </sect1>
0155 
0156     <sect1 id="server-dialog">
0157       <title>The Chess Server Dialog</title>
0158 
0159       <screenshot>
0160         <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
0161         <mediaobject>
0162           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-account.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0163           <caption>Account tab</caption>
0164         </mediaobject>
0165       </screenshot>
0166 
0167       <para>If you chose to play on a chess server, you must first log in to the server.
0168       If you have an account at the server, type in your username and password, and
0169       select the <guilabel>This is a registered account</guilabel> check box. Otherwise,
0170       type in a username of your choice, and press the <guibutton>Log in</guibutton> button.</para>
0171 
0172       <para>There are two ways to choose the opponent. Either you post an ad for your game
0173       (called a <quote>seek</quote>), or you respond to someone else's seek.</para>
0174 
0175       <screenshot>
0176         <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
0177         <mediaobject>
0178           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-challenges.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0179           <caption>Challenges tab</caption>
0180         </mediaobject>
0181       </screenshot>
0182 
0183       <para>To post your own, go to the <guilabel>Challenges</guilabel> tab and press
0184       <guibutton>Seek</guibutton> button. If you checked <guilabel>Automatically start the game</guilabel>,
0185       once a player has accepted your seek, the game will start immediately. Otherwise, you
0186       have to accept the challenge manually, by selecting it from the list and press
0187       <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.</para>
0188 
0189       <screenshot>
0190         <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
0191         <mediaobject>
0192           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-list.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0193           <caption>Seek List tab</caption>
0194         </mediaobject>
0195       </screenshot>
0196 
0197       <para>To respond to other people's seeks, use the <guilabel>Seek List</guilabel> or
0198       <guilabel>Seek Graph</guilabel> tabs. On either tab, select the seek by clicking on it
0199       and then pressing the <guibutton>Accept</guibutton> button.</para>
0200 
0201       <screenshot>
0202         <screeninfo>Chess Server dialog</screeninfo>
0203         <mediaobject>
0204           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-server-graph.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0205           <caption>Seek Graph tab</caption>
0206         </mediaobject>
0207       </screenshot>
0208 
0209       <para>The seek graph displays all currently posted seeks, arranged by opponent's rating
0210       and game duration. Clicking on a point on the graph accepts the seek.</para>
0211 
0212       <note><para>For advanced usage, &i18n-knights; provides direct access to the server console.
0213       Select the <guilabel>Console</guilabel> tab to use it.</para></note>
0214     </sect1>
0215 
0216     <sect1 id="playing-the-game">
0217       <title>Playing the Game</title>
0218 
0219       <para>Pieces are moved by clicking on them and dragging them to the desired spot.
0220       You can only move a piece if it's yours, it's your turn, and moving that piece
0221       does not put your king into immediate danger.</para>
0222 
0223       <para>&i18n-knights; follows the rules of standard chess, so you cannot make an illegal move.</para>
0224     </sect1>
0225   </chapter>
0226 
0227   <chapter id="rules_and_tips">
0228     <title>Game Rules, Strategies and Tips</title> <!-- do not change this! -->
0229   <!--This section has to do with game rules. Please give a detailed description of those using lists or paragraphs.-->
0230     <sect1 id="standard-rules">
0231       <title>Standard Rules</title>
0232 
0233       <para>The main set of rules for chess are set by the World Chess Federation - FIDE.  Other national and local groups
0234       may make slight modifications to the rules. Usually the major differences between rules are about timekeeping or types of
0235       draws allowed - the basic game and piece movement are the same. &i18n-knights; supports standard chess and has some timing
0236       flexibility.</para>
0237 
0238       <para>There are many variants to standard chess. One source has found over 2000 different variants of the game.  Major
0239       variants include Fischer Random, Bughouse, Crazyhouse and Suicide.  Variants have differing rules on piece capture, piece
0240       movement, ending the game and returning pieces to play.  &i18n-knights; does not support chess variants.</para>
0241       <para>Complete rules of standard chess can be found at:</para>
0242 
0243       <itemizedlist>
0244         <listitem><para>World Chess Federation-FIDE (<ulink url="https://www.fide.com/">fide.com</ulink>)</para></listitem>
0245         <listitem><para>United States Chess Federation-USCF (<ulink url="https://new.uschess.org/">new.uschess.org</ulink>)</para></listitem>
0246       </itemizedlist>
0247 
0248       <para>Rules and general chess information can be found at:</para>
0249 
0250       <itemizedlist>
0251         <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_chess">Wikipedia</ulink>&nbsp;</para></listitem>
0252       </itemizedlist>
0253     </sect1>
0254 
0255     <sect1 id="board">
0256       <title>Chessboard</title>
0257       <sect2 id="board-layout">
0258         <title>Board Layout</title>
0259 
0260         <para>A chessboard consists of 64 equal squares arranged in eight rows and eight columns.  The squares are arranged in
0261         two alternating colors, white and black.  Many different materials are used to make chessboards, so the lighter
0262         colored material is known as white and the darker material is known as black.</para>
0263 
0264         <para>Parts of the board are known by special names:</para>
0265 
0266         <itemizedlist>
0267           <listitem><para>Rank - the eight horizontal rows of the chess board are called ranks.</para></listitem>
0268           <listitem><para>File - the eight vertical columns of the chess board are called files.</para></listitem>
0269           <listitem><para>Diagonal - a straight line of squares of the same color running at an angle from
0270           one edge of the board to another edge is called a diagonal.</para></listitem>
0271           <listitem><para>Center - the four squares found in the middle of the board are called the center.</para></listitem>
0272         </itemizedlist>
0273 
0274         <para>Each individual square has a name so records of the moves of the game can be kept.  Several naming systems exist,
0275         but <quote>algebraic notation</quote> is the most popular and is the official system.  In this system, each square is
0276         named for the row and column in which it is found.  The ranks (rows) are numbered from 1 to 8 beginning with white's
0277         side of the board and moving to black's side of the board.  The files (columns) are labeled by lower case letters from
0278         a to h moving from left to right based on the white player's viewpoint.  The square is named by the letter followed by
0279         the number.  Thus the lower left hand square is known as a1.  The naming structure can be seen in the following
0280         diagram:</para>
0281 
0282         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0283       </sect2>
0284 
0285       <sect2 id="board-setup">
0286         <title>Initial Setup</title>
0287 
0288         <para>The chessboard is rotated so that there is a white square in the first row at the player's right side.</para>
0289 
0290         <para>The pieces are placed on the white and black side of the board in the same manner.  In the first row beginning
0291         at both outer edges and moving inward, place the rook (sometimes called the castle), the knight (sometimes called
0292         the horse) and the bishop.  For the two remaining squares, place the queen on the square with the same color.  Place
0293         the king on the final square.  When completed, the same pieces face each other across the board.  On the second row
0294         place a row of pawns.  The finished board then looks like the diagram below.</para>
0295 
0296         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-board-setup.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0297       </sect2>
0298     </sect1>
0299 
0300     <sect1 id="piece-movement">
0301       <title>Piece Movement</title>
0302       <sect2 id="all-movement">
0303         <title>Moving and Capturing</title>
0304 
0305         <para>Chess has six types of pieces: the Pawn, Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen and King. Each piece has its own
0306         unique way to move. There are some similarities between the moves of the various pieces.  All the pieces
0307         except the knight move in a straight line - horizontally, vertically or diagonally. They cannot move past the
0308         end of the board and return on the other side. The edge of the board is a boundary which cannot be crossed.
0309         All the pieces except the knight may not jump over other pieces - all squares between the square where the piece
0310         starts its move and where it ends its move must be empty.  The move may not end on a square presently occupied
0311         by a piece of the same color.</para>
0312 
0313         <para>If the square where a piece ends its move contains an opponent's piece, the opponent's piece is <quote>captured</quote>,
0314         and it is removed from play.  All the pieces may be captured except the king.  The game ends on the move before the
0315         king is captured - <quote><link linkend="checkmate">checkmate</link></quote>.  Capturing always requires the attacking piece
0316         to land on the square of the opponent's piece while making a normal move.  The only exception is for capturing a pawn
0317         <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant</link>.  You are not required to capture a piece when there is an opportunity
0318         to do so, capturing is an option.  The only time that capture is required is if the king is under attack and capturing the
0319         attacking piece is the only way to stop the attack.</para>
0320 
0321         <para>In the picture below, the white rook can move to the right, left, up or down (vertically or horizontally) in straight lines.
0322         It can move down and to the right any number of squares until the end of the board is reached.  These squares have a green
0323         X on them.  It can move a maximum of two squares to the left.  The remainder of the board is blocked by a piece of the same
0324         color, in this case a white knight.  The rook cannot jump over the knight to reach the end of the board.  It can move only one square
0325         up before being blocked by the black pawn.  It can capture the pawn by moving two squares up and landing on the pawn, since the
0326         pawn is an opposing piece (piece of a different color).  This square has a red X on it.  It cannot jump over the pawn to reach
0327         the end of the board.  Therefore, the rook has a total of ten squares where it can go.</para>
0328 
0329         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-limits.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0330 
0331         <para>To begin the game, white moves first.  The players then alternate making one move at a time.  You must move on your turn, you are not allowed to pass.</para>
0332       </sect2>
0333 
0334       <sect2 id="pawn-movement">
0335         <title>Pawn</title>
0336 
0337         <para>The pawn is the most numerous and the least powerful piece on the chessboard.  Pawns are unusual in their movement.  Generally
0338         the pawn moves forward only, one square at a time.  An exception is the first time a pawn is moved, it may move forward two squares.
0339         The pawn cannot jump over other pieces; any piece directly in front of a pawn blocks its advance to that square. The pawn is the
0340         only piece that cannot move backward.  The pawn is also the only piece that does not capture in the same way that it moves.  The
0341         pawn captures an opposing piece by moving diagonally one square - it cannot capture by moving straight ahead.</para>
0342 
0343         <para>In the picture below the lower pawn is still on its original square, so it may move one or two squares forward (indicated
0344         by the green X).  It may capture by moving to the right or left at a diagonal, but only if that square is occupied by an opposing
0345         piece (indicated by the red X).  Otherwise, it may not move diagonally.  The upper pawn has already moved from its original square.
0346         It may move only one square forward.  Likewise, it can capture moving to the left or right diagonally if the square contains an
0347         opposing piece.</para>
0348 
0349         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-pawn.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0350 
0351         <para>The pawn also is involved in two special moves.  The first is the <link linkend="en_passant-movement">en passant capture</link>
0352         where a pawn is captured on its initial two square move.  The second is the <link linkend="pawn-promotion-movement">pawn promotion</link>
0353         where a pawn is promoted to another piece when the pawn reaches the other end of the board.</para>
0354       </sect2>
0355 
0356       <sect2 id="bishop-movement">
0357         <title>Bishop</title>
0358 
0359         <para>The Bishop moves in a straight line diagonally on the board.  It can move as many squares as wanted, until it meets the end of
0360         the board or another piece.  The bishop cannot jump over other pieces.  The bishop captures on the same path it moves, by landing
0361         on the square of the opposing piece.  Because of the way the bishop moves, the piece always remains on the same color squares it
0362         started on.  Each player begins with two bishops, one on the black-colored and one on the white-colored squares.  They are frequently
0363         referred to as the <quote>dark-squared</quote> bishop and <quote>light-squared</quote> bishop.  The bishops can also be named according
0364         to the side they begin on - king's bishop and queen's bishop.</para>
0365 
0366         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-bishop.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0367       </sect2>
0368 
0369       <sect2 id="rook-movement">
0370         <title>Rook</title>
0371 
0372         <para>The rook moves in a straight line either horizontally or vertically through any number of unoccupied squares, until it reaches
0373         the end of board or it is blocked by another piece.  It cannot jump over other pieces.  The rook captures on the same path
0374         it moves, by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands.  The rook can land on any square on the board, therefore it
0375         is one of the more powerful pieces on the board.</para>
0376 
0377         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-rook.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0378 
0379         <para>The rook is also involved in a special move.  It is the <link linkend="castling-movement">castling move</link>
0380         where a rook and the king are grouped into a defensive position.</para>
0381       </sect2>
0382 
0383       <sect2 id="knight-movement">
0384         <title>Knight</title>
0385 
0386         <para>The Knight is the most special piece in chess, having a flexibility that makes it a powerful piece. The knight is the
0387         only piece on the board that may jump over other pieces.  The knight moves two squares horizontally or vertically and
0388         then one more square at a right-angle.  The knight’s move is shaped as an <quote>L</quote>.  The knight always lands on a square
0389         opposite in color from its initial square.  The knight can jump over pieces of either color while going to its
0390         destination square, but it does not capture any pieces it jumps over.  The knight captures by landing on the square
0391         of the opposing piece.  The knight cannot land on a square occupied by a piece of the same color.  Since the knight's
0392         movement is not in a straight line, it can attack a queen, bishop, or rook without being reciprocally attacked by that
0393         piece.</para>
0394 
0395         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-knight.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0396       </sect2>
0397 
0398       <sect2 id="queen-movement">
0399         <title>Queen</title>
0400 
0401         <para>The Queen is considered the most powerful piece on the board.  It can move any number of squares in a straight
0402         line - either vertically, horizontally or diagonally.  The queen moves like the rook and bishop combined.  Unless
0403         capturing, the queen must move to an unoccupied square; and it cannot jump over pieces.  The queen captures on the
0404         same path it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.</para>
0405 
0406         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-queen.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0407       </sect2>
0408 
0409       <sect2 id="king-movement">
0410         <title>King</title>
0411 
0412         <para>The King is the most important piece in chess. If the king is trapped so that its capture is unavoidable, the game is
0413         over and that player loses.  The king has little mobility, so it is also considered one of the weakest pieces in the game.
0414         The king can move to any adjacent square.  That is, it can move one square in any direction: horizontally, vertically, or
0415         diagonally.  It cannot move onto a square occupied by a piece of the same color.  The king captures another piece in
0416         the same way it moves, by landing on the square of the opposing piece.  There is an additional limit on the movement of
0417         the king.  The king may not move to a square which would put the king under attack by an opposing piece (called in <quote>check</quote>).
0418         As a result of this limit, two kings may never stand next to each other - since moving next to the opposing king would
0419         put the moving king into check.  The king can also be forced to move or capture if the king is under attack
0420         (<quote>check</quote>) and the only way to stop the attack is to move the king.</para>
0421 
0422         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-move-king.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0423       </sect2>
0424     </sect1>
0425 
0426     <sect1 id="special-movement">
0427       <title>Special Moves</title>
0428       <sect2 id="en_passant-movement">
0429         <title>En Passant</title>
0430 
0431         <para>When the rule to allow a pawn to move two squares on its first move was added, a pawn could potentially evade capture by an
0432         opponent's pawn by going past a square under attack.  The en passant capture (from the French for <quote>in passing</quote>) was
0433         added to prevent this.  The capture is made exactly as if the pawn had moved only one square forward.  There are
0434         special conditions for the en passant capture:</para>
0435 
0436         <itemizedlist>
0437           <listitem><para>A pawn must move two squares from its initial position in a single move.</para></listitem>
0438           <listitem><para>An opposing pawn must be attacking the square the first pawn moved over.</para></listitem>
0439           <listitem><para>The first pawn can be captured as if it moved only one square.</para></listitem>
0440           <listitem><para>The capture can only be made at the opponent's next move.  If the capture is not made,
0441           the first pawn is safe from en passant capture for the remainder of the game.</para></listitem>
0442         </itemizedlist>
0443 
0444         <para>In the diagram below, the white pawn has not moved from its initial position.  Its first move can be
0445         one or two squares ahead.  The first square is under attack by the black pawn (pawns attack diagonally) as
0446         indicated by the red X.  The white pawn moves ahead two squares, avoiding the attack.  On the next move,
0447         the black pawn moves into the square where the white pawn would have moved if it could only move a single
0448         square on the first move.  The black pawn successfully attacks the white pawn, and captures it
0449         <quote>en passant</quote>.  The white pawn is removed from play.</para>
0450 
0451         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-enpassant.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0452       </sect2>
0453 
0454       <sect2 id="castling-movement">
0455         <title>Castling</title>
0456 
0457         <para>Castling uses the king and one rook, and is the only time in a game when more than one piece may be moved
0458         during a single turn.  In castling a king is moved two squares towards the rook and the rook is then moved to
0459         the square on the other side of the king.</para>
0460 
0461         <para>Castling has some rigid requirements:</para>
0462 
0463         <itemizedlist>
0464           <listitem><para>Both the king and the rook may never have moved during the game.</para></listitem>
0465           <listitem><para>There are no pieces between the king and the rook.</para></listitem>
0466           <listitem><para>The king is not in check.</para></listitem>
0467           <listitem><para>The king does not cross over a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces.</para></listitem>
0468           <listitem><para>The king does not end the move on a square that is attacked by the opponent's pieces. (The
0469           castling move cannot end with the king in check.)</para></listitem>
0470         </itemizedlist>
0471 
0472         <para>There are two forms of castling.  One is called <quote>kingside castling</quote>.  It is also known as
0473         <quote>short castling</quote>, since it is performed to the short side of the board and the rook only has to
0474         move two squares to the opposite side of the king. It is diagramed below:</para>
0475 
0476         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-kingside.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0477 
0478         <para>The second form of castling is called <quote>queenside castling</quote>, where the king moves towards the
0479         square vacated by the queen.  It is also known as <quote>long castling</quote>, since it is performed to the long
0480         side of the board and the rook has to move three squares to the opposite side of the king.  It is diagramed below:</para>
0481 
0482         <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-castle-queenside.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject><para/>
0483 
0484         <note><para>In &i18n-knights; to castle you move the king two squares towards the rook.  &i18n-knights; will complete
0485         the castling move.  Do not move the rook, as &i18n-knights; assumes you wish only to move the rook and not to castle.</para></note>
0486       </sect2>
0487 
0488       <sect2 id="pawn-promotion-movement">
0489         <title>Pawn Promotion</title>
0490 
0491         <para>When a pawn has reached the other end of the board it cannot move further, since
0492         it always must move forward and not backwards.  The pawn is then turned
0493         (<quote>promoted</quote>) into a queen, rook, bishop or knight.  This promotion
0494         occurs as part of the move.  Usually the piece chosen is the queen, often called
0495         <quote>queening</quote>. The other pieces are sometimes chosen when their movements
0496         will aid in checkmate, often called <quote>under promoting</quote>.  The pawn can be
0497         turned into a piece even if that type of piece is still on the board.  Thus you can have
0498         two queens or three rooks, bishops or knights in play at once.</para>
0499       </sect2>
0500     </sect1>
0501 
0502     <sect1 id="game-end">
0503       <title>Game Endings</title>
0504       <sect2 id="checkmate">
0505         <title>Checkmate</title>
0506 
0507         <para>When a king is under attack and threatened with capture by an opponent's piece, the king is
0508         said to be <quote>in check</quote>.  A king must get out of check immediately.  There are three possible
0509         ways to get out of check.</para>
0510 
0511         <itemizedlist>
0512           <listitem><para>Capture the attacking piece.</para></listitem>
0513           <listitem><para>Move the king away from the attack and to a safe square which is not under attack by
0514           an opponent's piece.</para></listitem>
0515           <listitem><para>Block the attack by placing a piece between the attacker and the king.
0516           (Cannot be done for an attack by a knight or pawn.)</para></listitem>
0517         </itemizedlist>
0518 
0519         <para>If the king has no way to escape from the check, the position is called <quote>checkmate</quote> and
0520         the game ends.  The player who is checkmated loses the game.  The king is never actually captured and
0521         removed from the board.</para>
0522       </sect2>
0523 
0524       <sect2 id="resign">
0525         <title>Resign</title>
0526 
0527         <para>At any time during the game, a player may resign (quit).  The
0528         game ends and the player's opponent wins the game.</para>
0529       </sect2>
0530 
0531       <sect2 id="draw">
0532         <title>Draw</title>
0533 
0534         <para>A <quote>draw</quote> is a tie between the players.  There are several ways that a
0535         draw can occur.</para>
0536 
0537         <itemizedlist>
0538           <listitem><para>Stalemate - (see below)</para></listitem>
0539           <listitem><para>Threefold repetition - If the exact same position is repeated at least 3 times
0540           (not necessarily by a repetition of moves).  It requires that the possible moves of all
0541           the pieces of both players are the same.  If the possibility of a pawn being captured
0542           en passant has changed or the possibility to castle has changed, the position is not
0543           the same - even if the pieces are in the same locations.</para></listitem>
0544           <listitem><para>Fifty-move rule - If no piece has been captured or a pawn moved in the last fifty moves
0545           by each player.</para></listitem>
0546           <listitem><para>Impossibility of checkmate - If a position arises in which neither player could possibly
0547           give checkmate by a series of legal moves. Usually this is because there is insufficient material left
0548           to checkmate, but it is possible in other positions. Combinations with insufficient material to
0549           checkmate are:</para>
0550 
0551             <itemizedlist>
0552               <listitem><para>king versus king</para></listitem>
0553               <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king</para></listitem>
0554               <listitem><para>king and knight versus king</para></listitem>
0555               <listitem><para>king and bishop versus king and bishop with both bishops on the same color</para></listitem>
0556             </itemizedlist>
0557           </listitem>
0558           <listitem><para>Time expires - If a player's time runs out and their opponent does not have mating material.
0559           (see below)</para></listitem>
0560           <listitem><para>Mutual agreement - If both players agree to draw.</para></listitem>
0561         </itemizedlist>
0562       </sect2>
0563 
0564       <sect2 id="stalemate">
0565         <title>Stalemate</title>
0566 
0567         <para>If a player has no legal move (every possible move would put their king in check) but
0568         their king is not presently in check, the game ends in a <quote>stalemate</quote>.  Stalemate results in
0569         the game being a draw.</para>
0570       </sect2>
0571 
0572       <sect2 id="time-end">
0573         <title>Time</title>
0574 
0575         <para>If time should run out on a player before they complete the required number of moves:</para>
0576 
0577         <itemizedlist>
0578           <listitem><para>The player loses the game if the opponent has mating material.</para></listitem>
0579           <listitem><para>The game is a draw if the opponent does not having mating material.</para></listitem>
0580         </itemizedlist>
0581 
0582         <para>Mating material is considered to be any group of pieces except just a king, a king and a bishop,
0583         or a king and a knight.</para>
0584       </sect2>
0585     </sect1>
0586 
0587     <sect1 id="time-controls">
0588       <title>Time Controls</title>
0589 
0590       <para>Many games of chess use time controls to speed the play or ensure a finish in a reasonable period.
0591       There are two main forms of time controls.</para>
0592 
0593       <para>The first time control type is moves-per-time.  In this type a player must complete a specified
0594       number of moves within a fixed period of time.</para>
0595 
0596       <para>The second time control type is called <quote>sudden death</quote>.  In this type there
0597       is a fixed amount of time to complete the game, regardless of the number of moves made.</para>
0598 
0599       <para>Within the time control there can be a time delay to compensate for the time lost in physically
0600       making a move.  In the <quote>Bronstein delay</quote> the clock does not start running at the beginning
0601       of the player's move until the delay time is over.  If the move is completed before the delay time expires,
0602       no time is subtracted from the player's clock.  In the <quote>Fischer delay</quote> the delay time is added
0603       to the player's remaining time before the move.  If the move is made before the delay time expires,
0604       the remaining delay time is kept by the player and their clock time increases.  Similarly, a fixed time can
0605       be added to the player's clock after a move is completed.  When time is added to the clock, the time amount is
0606       referred to as the <quote>time increment</quote>.</para>
0607 
0608       <para>Time controls vary widely depending upon the game, game type and any sponsor.  Also during a game there
0609       may be several types of time controls joined together, with unused time added to the next time control.  For
0610       all major World Chess Federation (FIDE) events the time control is 90 minutes for the first 40 moves followed
0611       by 30 minutes sudden death, with an additional 30 seconds per move beginning with the first move.  The defaults
0612       on FICS (Free Internet Chess Server) are 2 minutes for the game (sudden death), plus 12 seconds time increment
0613       for each move.  Many major events use 90 minutes sudden death for their time control.  The US Chess Federation
0614       Blitz chess time control is 5 minutes for the game, with no time delays/increments.</para>
0615     </sect1>
0616   </chapter>
0617 
0618   <chapter id="markers">
0619     <title>Markers</title>
0620 
0621     <para>Markers are highlights of squares on the chessboard.  They can be used to show legal moves for your
0622     chess piece, the opponent's previous move, or a king in check.  Their color and shape depends on which
0623     theme you are using. They can be toggled on/off in the general settings section of the configuration menu.</para>
0624 
0625     <para>Clicking on your piece during your turn displays a marker on every square on which that piece can be moved.
0626     The picture shows the legal moves for the white queen.</para>
0627 
0628     <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-moving-queen.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0629 
0630     <para>When your opponent has made a move, their last move is indicated by markers.  One marker shows the
0631     initial position of the chess piece, and a second highlights the new position of the chess piece.</para>
0632 
0633     <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-lastmove.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject>
0634 
0635     <para>If the opponent's last move put your king under attack (<quote>check</quote>), your
0636     king and all attacking pieces are highlighted as well.</para>
0637 
0638     <mediaobject><imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-danger.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject></mediaobject><para/>
0639 
0640     <note><para>Some themes may not support all types of markers.</para></note>
0641   </chapter>
0642 
0643   <chapter id="configuration">
0644     <title>Game Configuration</title><!-- do not change this! -->
0645 
0646     <para>The &i18n-knights; configuration dialog allows you to change visual
0647     options, as well as select themes for &i18n-knights;.</para>
0648 
0649     <para>Once you are satisfied with the changes you have selected you
0650     can make the changes by either press the <guibutton>Apply</guibutton>
0651     or the <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button, located at the bottom part
0652     of the dialog. Pressing <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button will also close the
0653     configuration dialog.</para>
0654 
0655     <para>If, however, you are dissatisfied with your changes – simply press
0656     <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button to discard the changes and close
0657     the configuration dialog. You must press the <guibutton>Cancel</guibutton> button
0658     before clicking <guibutton>Apply</guibutton> or <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.</para>
0659 
0660     <sect1 id="configuration-general">
0661       <title>General</title>
0662 
0663       <para>The <guilabel>General</guilabel> page contains options on the
0664       general appearance of &i18n-knights;.  Animations of the pieces and
0665       board can be enabled or modified. The animations section is visible
0666       based upon system software, and is seen only if animations are
0667       available. Turning around the board is available, allowing the &i18n-knights;
0668       chess board to be flipped when used on a computer screen or stationary when
0669       used on a tablet computer as a chess board replacement.
0670       All three types of <link linkend="markers">markers</link>
0671       can be enabled or disabled.  Borders around the chess board can be
0672       activated with or without algebraic chess notation by using a drop
0673       down menu.</para>
0674 
0675       <note><para>Some themes may not support markers, borders and/or notations.
0676       In this case, the configuration will have no effect on them,
0677       but will be remembered in case you change themes again.</para></note>
0678     </sect1>
0679 
0680     <sect1 id="configuration-engines">
0681       <title>Computer Engines</title>
0682 
0683       <screenshot>
0684         <screeninfo>Configure - &i18n-knights; dialog</screeninfo>
0685         <mediaobject>
0686           <imageobject><imagedata fileref="Knights-engines.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject>
0687           <caption>Computer Engines page</caption>
0688         </mediaobject>
0689       </screenshot>
0690 
0691       <para>The <guilabel>Computer Engines</guilabel> page allows you to configure
0692       your computer opponents. For each engine specify the program name, the command used
0693       to launch it, and the protocol it uses. &i18n-knights; supports two protocols for
0694       chess engines: XBoard and <acronym>UCI</acronym>.</para>
0695 
0696       <para>A new engine configuration can be added by press <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button and
0697       entering the three options mentioned above. A symbol in the last columns tells you whether
0698       the specified program is installed on your computer or not.</para>
0699     </sect1>
0700 
0701     <sect1 id="configuration-themes">
0702       <title>Themes</title>
0703 
0704       <para>The <guilabel>Theme</guilabel> page allows the selection of a
0705       theme.  The theme supplies the images for the board, pieces, markers
0706       and other items.  To select a new theme, choose the theme's name from
0707       the selection list. You can also download new themes from the same page,
0708       by pressing the <guibutton>Get New Themes...</guibutton> button. Themes
0709       are stored at kde-look.org under &knights;.</para>
0710 
0711       <note><para>For your convenience a quick preview screenshot will be
0712       displayed on the right hand side of the selection list as soon as you
0713       select the theme you are interested in.</para></note>
0714     </sect1>
0715   </chapter>
0716 
0717   <chapter id="credits-and-license">
0718     <title>Credits and License</title>
0719 
0720     <para>&knights;</para>
0721 
0722     <itemizedlist>
0723       <listitem><para>Miha Čančula <email>miha.cancula@gmail.com</email> - Original Author</para></listitem>
0724     </itemizedlist>
0725 
0726     <para>Documentation copyright 2010, Miha Čančula <email>miha.cancula@gmail.com</email></para>
0727 
0728     <!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS -->
0729 
0730     &underFDL;
0731     &underGPL;
0732   </chapter>
0733 
0734 </book>