File indexing completed on 2024-05-12 04:02:06
0001 <!DOCTYPE html> 0002 <html><head> 0003 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> 0004 <title>highlight.asm-nasm</title> 0005 <meta name="generator" content="KF5::SyntaxHighlighting - Definition (Intel x86 (NASM)) - Theme (Breeze Dark)"/> 0006 </head><body style="background-color:#232629;color:#cfcfc2"><pre> 0007 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Example file for nasm.xml kate syntax file</span> 0008 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; compile with `nasm example.asm -f elf -o example.o`</span> 0009 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; and link with 'gcc example.o -o example`</span> 0010 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Public domain</span> 0011 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span><span style="color:#3f8058">kate:</span><span style="color:#7a7c7d"> </span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">hl</span><span style="color:#f44f4f"> Intel x86 (NASM)</span><span style="color:#7f8c8d">;</span> 0012 0013 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span> 0014 0015 hello <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Hello World'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> 0016 printf_param <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'%s'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span> 0017 0018 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span> 0019 0020 <span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> printf 0021 0022 <span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> main 0023 <span style="color:#8e44ad">main:</span> 0024 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span> 0025 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ebp</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">esp</span> 0026 0027 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> hello 0028 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> printf_param 0029 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> printf 0030 0031 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span> 0032 <span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span> 0033 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> 0034 0035 0036 NULL <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Constants</span> 0037 STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">11</span> 0038 0039 <span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> GetStdHandle <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span> 0040 0041 <span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> Start <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Export symbols. The entry point</span> 0042 0043 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span> 0044 Message <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Console Message 64"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0D</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0A</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> 0045 MessageLength <span style="color:#2980b9">EQU</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>Message <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Address of this line ($) - address of Message</span> 0046 0047 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.bss</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Uninitialized data segment</span> 0048 <span style="font-weight:bold">alignb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> 0049 Written <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0050 0051 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.text</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Code segment</span> 0052 <span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span> 0053 <span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Align the stack to a multiple of 16 bytes</span> 0054 0055 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE 0056 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> GetStdHandle 0057 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span> 0058 0059 <span style="font-weight:bold">sub</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">32</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Shadow space + 5th parameter + align stack</span> 0060 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; to a multiple of 16 bytes</span> 0061 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RCX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> StandardHandle<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span> 0062 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> Message<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span> 0063 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MessageLength <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span> 0064 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> NULL <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 5th parameter</span> 0065 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Message Box, 64 bit. V1.02</span> 0066 <span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox:</span> 0067 <span style="font-weight:bold">xor</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ECX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1st parameter</span> 0068 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxText<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 2nd parameter</span> 0069 <span style="font-weight:bold">lea</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">REL</span> MessageBoxCaption<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 3rd parameter</span> 0070 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">R9D</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> MB_YESNO <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> MB_DEFBUTTON2 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4th parameter. 2 constants ORed together</span> 0071 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> MessageBoxA 0072 0073 <span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> IDNO <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Check the return value for "No"</span> 0074 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.DisplayMessageBox</span> 0075 0076 <span style="font-weight:bold">extern</span> _GetStdHandle@4 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Import external symbols</span> 0077 <span style="color:#8e44ad">Start:</span> 0078 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> _WriteFile@20 0079 0080 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Initialized data segment</span> 0081 Static1Colour <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0F0F0F0</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> 0082 Edit2 <span style="color:#2980b9">resq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0083 0084 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Screen<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>Width <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">160</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 4 bytes</span> 0085 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ClientArea <span style="font-weight:bold">RBP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span> <span style="color:#f67400">152</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; RECT structure. 16 bytes</span> 0086 0087 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>cbSize<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">80</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 136]</span> 0088 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>style<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> CS_HREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_VREDRAW <span style="color:#3f8058">|</span> CS_BYTEALIGNWINDOW <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 132]</span> 0089 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>lpfnWndProc<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 128]</span> 0090 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>wc<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>hIcon<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">RAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP - 104]</span> 0091 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">RSP</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EAX</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; X position, now centred</span> 0092 0093 <span style="font-weight:bold">cmp</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">qword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>uMsg<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> WM_CLOSE <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; [RBP + 24]</span> 0094 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">je</span> WMCLOSE 0095 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> DestroyWindow <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Send a WM_DESTROY message</span> 0096 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> Return<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>WM_Processed 0097 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0604060</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> 0098 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> SetBkColor 0099 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">EDX</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0005000</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> 0100 0101 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; just the byte 0x55</span> 0102 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">56</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">57</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; three bytes in succession</span> 0103 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; character constants are OK</span> 0104 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'$'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; so are string constants</span> 0105 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1234</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x34 0x12</span> 0106 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x00 (it's just a number)</span> 0107 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 (character constant)</span> 0108 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'abc'</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x61 0x62 0x63 0x00 (string)</span> 0109 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">12345678</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0x78 0x56 0x34 0x12</span> 0110 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; floating-point constant</span> 0111 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">123456789abcdef0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; eight byte constant</span> 0112 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; double-precision float</span> 0113 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.234567e20</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; extended-precision float</span> 0114 0115 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span> 0116 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression</span> 0117 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db (44,55) ; Invalid - error</span> 0118 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">55</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0119 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'XX'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'YY'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0120 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'AA'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Integer expression - outputs single byte</span> 0121 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'BB'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; List, containing a string</span> 0122 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span> 0123 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0124 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0125 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">6</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">34</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">35</span> 0126 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">99</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0127 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">7</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?)</span> 0128 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(?,</span><span style="color:#f67400">44</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0129 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">cc</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> dup <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'PQR'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">abcd</span> 0130 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">16</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">aaaa</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">bbbbbb</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0131 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span> 0132 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u263a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span> 0133 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\xe2\x98\xba</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span> 0134 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0E2</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">098</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0BA</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; UTF-8 smiley face</span> 0135 <span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span> 0136 <span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resw</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span> 0137 <span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> dup <span style="color:#3f8058">(?)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve 64 bytes </span> 0138 <span style="color:#8e44ad">wordvar:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">?</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; reserve a word </span> 0139 0140 <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; include the whole file</span> 0141 <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024 bytes</span> 0142 <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"file.dat"</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1024</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">512</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; skip the first 1024, and</span> 0143 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; actually include at most 512</span> 0144 0145 message <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span> 0146 msglen <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$-</span>message 0147 0148 <span style="color:#8e44ad">buffer:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'hello, world'</span> 0149 <span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>buffer <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">' '</span> 0150 0151 <span style="font-weight:bold">bndstx</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">],</span> bnd0 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; GAS - '*1' indecates an index reg</span> 0152 <span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]{</span><span style="color:#f67400">1to16</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; single-precision float </span> 0153 <span style="font-weight:bold">VDIVPS</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">zmm5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">zword</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">rbx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; packed 512 bit memory</span> 0154 0155 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; decimal</span> 0156 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still decimal</span> 0157 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0200</span><span style="color:#f67400">d</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; explicitly decimal</span> 0158 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0d</span><span style="color:#f67400">200</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; also decimal</span> 0159 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex</span> 0160 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,$</span><span style="color:#f67400">0c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex again: the 0 is required</span> 0161 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; hex yet again</span> 0162 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0h</span><span style="color:#f67400">c8</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; still hex</span> 0163 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">q</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal</span> 0164 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span><span style="color:#f67400">o</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal again</span> 0165 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0o</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span> 0166 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0q</span><span style="color:#f67400">310</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; octal yet again</span> 0167 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">11001000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; binary</span> 0168 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">b</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant</span> 0169 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span><span style="color:#f67400">y</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant once more</span> 0170 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0b</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span> 0171 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0y</span><span style="color:#f67400">1100_1000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; same binary constant yet again</span> 0172 0173 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf16?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0174 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?utf32?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0175 0176 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> u<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">'C:\WINDOWS'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Pathname in UTF-16</span> 0177 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> w<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`A + B = </span><span style="color:#3daee9">\u206a</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; String in UTF-32</span> 0178 0179 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; "Quarter precision"</span> 0180 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">0.5</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r/SSE5 half precision</span> 0181 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; an easy one</span> 0182 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.222_222_222</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; underscores are permitted</span> 0183 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+2</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^2 = 4.0</span> 0184 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x1p+32</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 1.0x2^32 = 4 294 967 296.0</span> 0185 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 10 000 000 000.0</span> 0186 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; synonymous with 1.e10</span> 0187 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e-10</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; 0.000 000 000 1</span> 0188 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; pi</span> 0189 <span style="color:#2980b9">do</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1.e+4000</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; IEEE 754r quad precision</span> 0190 0191 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?float64?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3.141592653589793238462</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0192 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">rax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">400921fb54442d18</span> 0193 0194 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Inf <span style="font-weight:bold">__?Infinity?__</span> 0195 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> NaN <span style="font-weight:bold">__?QNaN?__</span> 0196 0197 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1.5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span>Inf<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> NaN <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Double-precision constants</span> 0198 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span> 0199 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">12_345_678_901_245_678</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span> 0200 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">0p33</span> 0201 <span style="color:#2980b9">dt</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span><span style="color:#f67400">p</span> 0202 0203 <span style="color:#2980b9">dq</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#3f8058">//</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0204 0205 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">seg</span> procedure<span style="color:#3f8058">):</span>procedure 0206 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">:(</span>procedure <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> weird_seg<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0207 0208 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span> 0209 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">strict</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">dword</span> <span style="color:#f67400">33</span> 0210 0211 <span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0212 0213 <span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'Where am I?'</span> 0214 <span style="color:#2980b9">times</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>label<span style="color:#3f8058">-$+</span>1<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0215 <span style="color:#8e44ad">label:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'NOW where am I?'</span> 0216 0217 label1 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some code </span> 0218 0219 .<span style="font-weight:bold">loop</span> 0220 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; some more code </span> 0221 0222 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jne</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.loop</span> 0223 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> 0224 0225 <span style="color:#8e44ad">label1:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; a non-local label </span> 0226 <span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label1.local </span> 0227 <span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is a special symbol </span> 0228 <span style="color:#8e44ad">label2:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; another non-local label </span> 0229 <span style="color:#8e44ad">.local:</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this is really label2.local </span> 0230 0231 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..@foo</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; this will jump three lines up</span> 0232 0233 0234 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> THIS_VERY_LONG_MACRO_NAME_IS_DEFINED_TO \ 0235 THIS_VALUE 0236 0237 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ctrl <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&</span> 0238 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">((</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">))</span> 0239 0240 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>param<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> ctrl <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span> 0241 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">byte</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)+(</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)*(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ebx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)],</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">1F</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">&</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'D'</span> 0242 0243 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0244 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> b<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>x 0245 0246 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0247 0248 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo <span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; no arguments, (a,b) is the expansion </span> 0249 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> bar<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; two arguments, empty expansion</span> 0250 0251 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>foo<span style="color:#3f8058">,)</span> e <span style="color:#3f8058">%+</span> foo 0252 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>ereg<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0253 0254 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(=</span>expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,&</span>val<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> expr<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> str 0255 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> xyzzy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>x<span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> 0256 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> plugh<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">),</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span><span style="color:#3daee9">\0</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">`</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands to: db 8, "3+5", `\0`</span> 0257 0258 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>Foo<span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span><span style="font-weight:bold">__?BITS?__</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The Foo value</span> 0259 <span style="color:#27ae60">%xdefine</span> Bar Quux <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %xdefine </span> 0260 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> Bar <span style="color:#3f8058">%[</span>Quux<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Expands due to %[...]</span> 0261 0262 0263 0264 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> BDASTART <span style="color:#f67400">400</span><span style="color:#f67400">h</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Start of BIOS data area</span> 0265 0266 <span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span> tBIOSDA <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; its structure </span> 0267 .COM1addr <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0268 .COM2addr <span style="color:#2980b9">RESW</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0269 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ..and so on </span> 0270 <span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span> 0271 0272 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM1addr 0273 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>BDASTART <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> tBIOSDA<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>COM2addr 0274 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Macro to access BIOS variables by their names (from tBDA):</span> 0275 0276 <span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> Foo mov <span style="color:#3f8058">%?,%??</span> 0277 0278 <span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> keyword <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span> 0279 0280 <span style="color:#27ae60">%idefine</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">pause</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">$%?</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; Hide the PAUSE instruction</span> 0281 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> foo bar 0282 <span style="color:#27ae60">%undef</span> foo 0283 0284 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">eax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> foo 0285 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0286 <span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST 0287 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span> 0288 <span style="color:#27ae60">%defstr</span> PATH <span style="color:#3f8058">%!</span>PATH <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The operating system PATH variable</span> 0289 0290 <span style="color:#27ae60">%deftok</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'TEST'</span> 0291 0292 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">test</span> TEST 0293 0294 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span>a<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>b<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span>c<span style="color:#3f8058">+)</span> a <span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">66</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> b <span style="color:#3f8058">*</span> <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%,</span> c 0295 0296 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3 </span> 0297 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3 </span> 0298 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4 </span> 0299 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> greedy<span style="color:#3f8058">(</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">)</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; db 1 + 66, 2 * 3, 3, 4, 5</span> 0300 0301 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> silly <span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 0302 <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span>: <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0303 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0304 0305 silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'a'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> letter_a <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; letter_a: db 'a' </span> 0306 silly <span style="color:#f44f4f">'ab'</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> string_ab <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; string_ab: db 'ab' </span> 0307 silly <span style="color:#3f8058">{</span><span style="color:#f67400">13</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">10</span><span style="color:#3f8058">},</span> crlf <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; crlf: db 13,10</span> 0308 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> preproc sane_empty_expansion 0309 0310 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span> 0311 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> 0312 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%{-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">:-</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">}</span> 0313 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0314 0315 mpar <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">3</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">5</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">6</span> 0316 0317 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> die <span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">"Painful program death has occurred."</span> 0318 0319 writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0320 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">4c01</span> 0321 <span style="font-weight:bold">int</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span> 0322 0323 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0324 0325 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> multipush <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-*</span> 0326 0327 <span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> %0 0328 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0329 <span style="color:#27ae60">%rotate</span> 1 0330 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span> 0331 0332 j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip</span> 0333 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> 0334 <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%skip:</span> 0335 0336 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0337 0338 0339 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> foo <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="font-weight:bold">.nolist</span> 0340 0341 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0342 0343 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> pushparam <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0344 0345 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifidni</span> %1,ip 0346 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label</span> 0347 <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%label:</span> 0348 <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 0349 <span style="font-weight:bold">push</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0350 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0351 0352 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0353 0354 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0355 <span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> 64 0356 <span style="font-weight:bold">inc</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>table<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">*</span>i<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 0357 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i i<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0358 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span> 0359 0360 0361 <span style="color:#8e44ad">fibonacci:</span> 0362 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0363 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0364 <span style="color:#27ae60">%rep</span> 100 0365 <span style="color:#27ae60">%if</span> j <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">65535</span> 0366 <span style="color:#27ae60">%exitrep</span> 0367 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0368 <span style="color:#2980b9">dw</span> j 0369 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> k j<span style="color:#3f8058">+</span>i 0370 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> i j 0371 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> j k 0372 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endrep</span> 0373 0374 fib_number <span style="color:#2980b9">equ</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">($-</span>fibonacci<span style="color:#3f8058">)/</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 0375 0376 0377 <span style="color:#27ae60">%include</span> "macros<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span>mac<span style="color:#f44f4f">"</span> 0378 0379 0380 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifndef</span> MACROS_MAC 0381 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> MACROS_MAC 0382 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; now define some macros </span> 0383 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0384 0385 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> MyFoo <span style="color:#f44f4f">"foo.bin"</span> 0386 0387 <span style="color:#27ae60">%imacro</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0388 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pathsearch</span> dep <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0389 <span style="color:#27ae60">%depend</span> dep 0390 <span style="color:#2980b9">incbin</span> dep<span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 0391 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0392 <span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg 0393 <span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> 'altreg<span style="color:#f44f4f">'</span> 0394 0395 <span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> foobar 0396 0397 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> repeat <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0398 0399 <span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> repeat 0400 <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$begin<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 0401 0402 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0403 0404 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> until <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0405 0406 j<span style="color:#3f8058">%-</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>begin 0407 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 0408 0409 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0410 0411 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> %$localmac <span style="color:#f67400">3</span> 0412 0413 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> else <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0414 0415 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if 0416 <span style="color:#27ae60">%repl</span> else 0417 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">jmp</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>ifend 0418 <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 0419 <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 0420 <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' before `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">'" </span> 0421 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0422 0423 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0424 0425 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> endif <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0426 0427 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifctx</span> if 0428 <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifnot<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 0429 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 0430 <span style="color:#27ae60">%elifctx</span> else 0431 <span style="color:#27ae60">%</span>$ifend<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span> 0432 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> 0433 <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 0434 <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "expected <span style="color:#f44f4f">`if' or `</span>else<span style="color:#f44f4f">' before `endif'" </span> 0435 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0436 0437 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0438 0439 <span style="color:#8e44ad">some_function:</span> 0440 <span style="color:#27ae60">%push</span> mycontext <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; save the current context </span> 0441 <span style="color:#27ae60">%stacksize</span> small <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; tell NASM to use bp </span> 0442 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> %$localsize <span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span> 0443 <span style="color:#27ae60">%local</span> old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span><span style="color:#2980b9">word</span> 0444 0445 <span style="font-weight:bold">enter</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%$</span>localsize<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; see text for explanation </span> 0446 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">[</span>old_ax<span style="color:#3f8058">],</span><span style="font-weight:bold">ax</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; swap ax & bx </span> 0447 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,[</span>old_dx<span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 0448 <span style="font-weight:bold">leave</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore old bp </span> 0449 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">ret</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; </span> 0450 0451 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pop</span> <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; restore original context</span> 0452 0453 0454 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1 0455 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span> 0456 <span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2 0457 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span> 0458 <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 0459 <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span> 0460 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0461 <span style="color:#27ae60">%ifdef</span> F1 0462 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some setup </span> 0463 <span style="color:#27ae60">%elifdef</span> F2 0464 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; do some different setup </span> 0465 <span style="color:#27ae60">%else</span> 0466 <span style="color:#27ae60">%warning</span> "Neither F1 nor F2 was defined<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> assuming F1<span style="color:#3f8058">.</span><span style="color:#f44f4f">" </span> 0467 <span style="color:#27ae60">%define</span> F1 0468 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span>%if foo <span style="color:#3f8058">></span> <span style="color:#f67400">64</span> 0469 <span style="color:#27ae60">%assign</span> foo_over foo<span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#f67400">64</span> 0470 <span style="color:#27ae60">%error</span> foo is foo_over bytes too large 0471 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endif</span> 0472 0473 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">__?NASM_VER?__</span> 0474 0475 <span style="font-weight:bold">struc</span> mytype 0476 <span style="color:#8e44ad">mt_long:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resd</span> <span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0477 <span style="color:#8e44ad">.str:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">resb</span> <span style="color:#f67400">32</span> 0478 <span style="font-weight:bold">endstruc</span> 0479 0480 <span style="color:#27ae60">%use</span> altreg 0481 0482 0483 <span style="color:#27ae60">%macro</span> writefile <span style="color:#f67400">2</span><span style="color:#3f8058">+</span> 0484 0485 [<span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.data</span><span style="color:#3f8058">]</span> 0486 0487 <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#3f8058">%</span><span style="color:#f67400">2</span> 0488 <span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr:</span> 0489 0490 <span style="font-weight:bold">__?SECT?__</span> 0491 0492 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">dx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span> 0493 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">cx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%endstr</span><span style="color:#3f8058">-</span><span style="color:#8e44ad">%%str</span> 0494 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">bx</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,%</span><span style="color:#f67400">1</span> 0495 <span style="font-weight:bold">mov</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">ah</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">40</span> 0496 <span style="font-weight:bold">int</span> <span style="color:#f67400">0x</span><span style="color:#f67400">21</span> 0497 0498 <span style="color:#27ae60">%endmacro</span> 0499 0500 <span style="font-weight:bold">DEFAULT</span> <span style="font-weight:bold">BND</span> 0501 <span style="color:#fdbc4b;font-weight:bold">call</span> foo <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will be prefixed </span> 0502 <span style="font-weight:bold">nobnd</span> call foo <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; BND will NOT be prefixed</span> 0503 0504 <span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> _main 0505 <span style="color:#8e44ad">_main:</span> 0506 <span style="font-weight:bold">global</span> hashlookup<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>function<span style="color:#3f8058">,</span> hashtable<span style="color:#3f8058">:</span>data 0507 0508 <span style="font-weight:bold">common</span> intvar <span style="color:#f67400">4</span> 0509 <span style="font-weight:bold">static</span> foo 0510 <span style="color:#8e44ad">foo:</span> 0511 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; codes</span> 0512 0513 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> macho lprefix L_ 0514 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; The most common conventions </span> 0515 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output gprefix _ 0516 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> output lprefix L_ 0517 <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; ELF uses a different convention </span> 0518 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf gprefix <span style="color:#7a7c7d">; empty </span> 0519 <span style="color:#27ae60">%pragma</span> elf lprefix <span style="color:#8e44ad">.L</span> 0520 0521 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.pdata</span> rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">4</span> 0522 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> main <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 0523 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> main_end <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 0524 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> xmain <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 0525 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.xdata</span> rdata <span style="font-weight:bold">align</span><span style="color:#3f8058">=</span><span style="color:#f67400">8</span> 0526 <span style="color:#8e44ad">xmain:</span> <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f67400">9</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span><span style="color:#3f8058">,</span><span style="color:#f67400">0</span> 0527 <span style="color:#2980b9">dd</span> handler <span style="font-weight:bold">wrt</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">..imagebase</span> 0528 <span style="font-weight:bold">section</span> <span style="color:#8e44ad">.drectve</span> info 0529 <span style="color:#2980b9">db</span> <span style="color:#f44f4f">'/defaultlib:user32.lib /defaultlib:msvcrt.lib '</span> 0530 </pre></body></html>