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0001 <?xml version="1.0" ?> 0002 <!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//KDE//DTD DocBook XML V4.5-Based Variant V1.1//EN" "dtd/kdedbx45.dtd" [ 0003 <!ENTITY % addindex "IGNORE"> 0004 <!ENTITY % English "INCLUDE"><!-- change language only here --> 0005 ]> 0006 0007 <book id="kalzium" lang="&language;"> 0008 0009 <bookinfo> 0010 <title>The &kalzium; Handbook</title> 0011 0012 <authorgroup> 0013 <author> 0014 <firstname>Carsten</firstname> 0015 <surname>Niehaus</surname> 0016 <affiliation> 0017 <address>&Carsten.Niehaus.mail;</address> 0018 </affiliation> 0019 </author> 0020 0021 <!-- TRANS:ROLES_OF_TRANSLATORS --> 0022 0023 </authorgroup> 0024 0025 <copyright> 0026 <year>2001</year> 0027 <year>2002</year> 0028 <year>2004</year> 0029 <year>2005</year> 0030 <year>2006</year> 0031 <year>2007</year> 0032 <year>2008</year> 0033 <holder>&Carsten.Niehaus;</holder> 0034 </copyright> 0035 0036 <copyright> 0037 <year>2005</year> 0038 <holder>&Anne-Marie.Mahfouf;</holder> 0039 </copyright> 0040 0041 <legalnotice>&FDLNotice;</legalnotice> 0042 0043 <date>2020-12-19</date> 0044 <releaseinfo>Applications 20.12</releaseinfo> 0045 0046 <abstract> 0047 <para>&kalzium; is a program which shows you the Periodic Table of 0048 Elements. You can use &kalzium; to search for information about the elements or to learn facts about the 0049 periodic table.</para> 0050 </abstract> 0051 0052 <keywordset> 0053 <keyword>KDE</keyword> 0054 <keyword>education</keyword> 0055 <keyword>elements</keyword> 0056 <keyword>chemistry</keyword> 0057 <keyword>education</keyword> 0058 <keyword>kalzium</keyword> 0059 </keywordset> 0060 0061 </bookinfo> 0062 0063 <chapter id="introduction"> 0064 <title>Introduction</title> 0065 0066 <para>&kalzium; provides you with all kinds of information about the 0067 Periodic Table of the Elements. You can lookup 0068 lots of information about the elements and also use visualizations to 0069 show them. It is free and licensed 0070 under the &GNU; Public License. 0071 </para> 0072 0073 <para> 0074 You can visualize the Periodic Table of the Elements by groups, blocks, 0075 and families. You can 0076 plot data for a range of elements for properties like the boiling point or the 0077 atomic mass. You can go back in time and see what elements were known at a 0078 given date. You can also calculate the molecular mass of molecules. 0079 </para> 0080 0081 </chapter> 0082 0083 <chapter id="quick-start"> 0084 <title>&kalzium; quick start guide</title> 0085 0086 <para>Here is &kalzium; the first time you run it, either by selecting <menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu> 0087 <guisubmenu>Education</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Science</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>&kalzium;</guimenuitem></menuchoice> from the application starter 0088 or with <keycombo action="simul">&Alt;<keycap>F2</keycap></keycombo> and entering <command>kalzium</command> into the input field.</para> 0089 <screenshot> 0090 <screeninfo>&kalzium; main window</screeninfo> 0091 <mediaobject> 0092 <imageobject><imagedata fileref="quick-1.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject> 0093 <textobject><phrase>&kalzium; main window</phrase></textobject> 0094 </mediaobject> 0095 </screenshot> 0096 0097 <para> 0098 &kalzium; is divided in an information panel on the left (in red), the table view (in blue) which shows the elements of the periodic table, and a legend panel at the bottom (in green). The standard menubar allows you to choose what you want to display and the status bar reports facts. The table view and the panels can be hidden using the corresponding items in <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu. For example, you can hide the information panel with <menuchoice> <guimenu>View</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Information</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>. 0099 </para> 0100 0101 <para> 0102 When you move the mouse cursor on an element of the table, an overview of the current element is displayed in the <guilabel>Overview</guilabel> tab of the information panel. 0103 </para> 0104 0105 <para> 0106 You can choose several views for the table: classic periodic table, short periodic table, long periodic table, &etc; It is also possible to change numeration scheme or display the elements per families, per groups, per crystal structure, depending on their acidic behavior, &etc; You can change all that in the <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu. 0107 </para> 0108 <para> 0109 If you want to know facts about a precise element, click on it in the table and the information dialog will be displayed. 0110 </para> 0111 0112 <screenshot> 0113 <screeninfo>Information dialog</screeninfo> 0114 <mediaobject> 0115 <imageobject><imagedata fileref="infodialog_data_overview.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject> 0116 <textobject><phrase>Information dialog</phrase></textobject> 0117 </mediaobject> 0118 </screenshot> 0119 0120 <para>You can plot data using the <menuchoice> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Plot Data...</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> menu item. You choose what you want to plot on the y-axis and a range of elements to plot that for on the x-axis. The screenshot below shows the atomic mass of the elements 1 to 10. Click the <inlinemediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="swap-panels.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> </inlinemediaobject> <guibutton>Swap</guibutton> button between the axis panes to swap X and Y axes.</para> 0121 0122 <screenshot> 0123 <screeninfo>The Plot Data dialog</screeninfo> 0124 <mediaobject> 0125 <imageobject><imagedata fileref="quick-3.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject> 0126 <textobject><phrase>The Plot Data dialog</phrase></textobject> 0127 </mediaobject> 0128 </screenshot> 0129 0130 <para>The Glossary (<menuchoice> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Glossary...</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>) explains the most important chemical words and shows you pictures of the most common tools along with an explanation.</para> 0131 0132 <screenshot> 0133 <screeninfo>The Glossary</screeninfo> 0134 <mediaobject> 0135 <imageobject><imagedata fileref="quick-4.png" format="PNG" /></imageobject> 0136 <textobject><phrase>The Glossary</phrase></textobject> 0137 </mediaobject> 0138 </screenshot> 0139 0140 </chapter> 0141 <chapter id="using-kalzium"> 0142 <title>Using &kalzium;</title> 0143 0144 <sect1 id="foo"><title>Overview of &kalzium; usage</title> 0145 <para>&kalzium; is very easy to use. It is specially designed for students of all ages to use as a small and quick database.</para> 0146 <para>Here is a screenshot of &kalzium; in action:</para> 0147 <screenshot> 0148 <screeninfo>&kalzium; main screen, immediately after the first start</screeninfo> 0149 <mediaobject> 0150 <imageobject> 0151 <imagedata fileref="screenshot1.png" format="PNG"/> 0152 </imageobject> 0153 <textobject> 0154 <phrase>&kalzium; main screen</phrase> 0155 </textobject> 0156 </mediaobject> 0157 </screenshot> 0158 </sect1> 0159 <sect1 id="info-dlg"> 0160 <title>The information dialog</title> 0161 <para>The information dialog is accessed by clicking with the &LMB; on 0162 any element. This is the place to get information about an element. With the 0163 buttons at the bottom of the dialog you can change the element which is displayed without closing the 0164 dialog.</para> 0165 <sect2 id="infodialog_dataoverview"> 0166 <title>Data Overview</title> 0167 <para>The <guilabel>Data Overview</guilabel> page tells you about different 0168 facts related to the element.</para> 0169 <para> Depending on the data available in &kalzium; you will see 0170 different radii of the element. The covalent radius is the radius 0171 of a non charged atom of the element in a molecule. The could for 0172 example be the O-H-distance in Water. The atomic radius is the 0173 radius of an elemental atom, ⪚ not bound to anything. The van der 0174 Waals-radius is defined as the distance of two atoms of the same 0175 sort in two equal molecules, for example two carbon-atoms in 0176 propane. The last possible radius is the ionic radius including its 0177 charge.</para> 0178 <para>The mass of an element is the average mass of all isotopes in 0179 relation to their percentage. 0180 </para> 0181 <screenshot> 0182 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0183 <mediaobject> 0184 <imageobject> 0185 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_data_overview.png" format="PNG"/> 0186 </imageobject> 0187 <textobject> 0188 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0189 </textobject> 0190 <caption><para></para> 0191 </caption> 0192 </mediaobject> 0193 </screenshot> 0194 </sect2> 0195 <sect2 id="infodialog_orbits"> 0196 <title>Bohr Orbitals</title> 0197 <para>The <guilabel>Atom Model</guilabel> page displays the atomic 0198 shells. Every orbit stands for a atomic shell and every yellow 0199 circle represents an electron.</para> 0200 <screenshot> 0201 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0202 <mediaobject> 0203 <imageobject> 0204 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_bohr.png" format="PNG"/> 0205 </imageobject> 0206 <textobject> 0207 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0208 </textobject> 0209 <caption><para></para> 0210 </caption> 0211 </mediaobject> 0212 </screenshot> 0213 </sect2> 0214 <sect2 id="infodialog_isotopes"> 0215 <title>Isotopes</title> 0216 <para>The <guilabel>Isotopes</guilabel> page presents information about the isotopes of an element.</para> 0217 0218 <variablelist> 0219 <varlistentry> 0220 <term></term> 0221 <listitem><para> 0222 <variablelist> 0223 <varlistentry> 0224 <term>Mass</term> 0225 <listitem><para>The mass of this isotope.</para></listitem> 0226 </varlistentry> 0227 <varlistentry> 0228 <term>Neutrons</term> 0229 <listitem><para>The number of neutrons this isotope has.</para></listitem> 0230 </varlistentry> 0231 <varlistentry> 0232 <term>Percentage</term> 0233 <listitem><para>The percentage of atoms occurring that are of this isotope type. Also called abundance.</para></listitem> 0234 </varlistentry> 0235 <varlistentry> 0236 <term>Half-life period</term> 0237 <listitem><para>Only unstable isotopes have a half-life period. It is defined as the time in which half the isotopes decay.</para></listitem> 0238 </varlistentry> 0239 <varlistentry> 0240 <term>Energy and Mode of Decay</term> 0241 <listitem><para>Some isotopes are known to emit particle radiation under the process of radioactive decay. Each decay transformation has a typical energy release, which is listed along with the mode of decay.</para></listitem> 0242 </varlistentry> 0243 <varlistentry> 0244 <term>Spin and Parity</term> 0245 <listitem><para>The spin of the nucleus and its parity.</para></listitem> 0246 </varlistentry> 0247 <varlistentry> 0248 <term>Magnetic Moment</term> 0249 <listitem><para>The magnetic dipole moment of the nucleus. Measured in units of the nuclear magneton.</para></listitem> 0250 </varlistentry> 0251 </variablelist></para></listitem> 0252 </varlistentry> 0253 </variablelist> 0254 0255 <screenshot> 0256 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0257 <mediaobject> 0258 <imageobject> 0259 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_isotopes.png" format="PNG"/> 0260 </imageobject> 0261 <textobject> 0262 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0263 </textobject> 0264 <caption><para></para> 0265 </caption> 0266 </mediaobject> 0267 </screenshot> 0268 </sect2> 0269 <sect2 id="infodialog_misc"> 0270 <title>Miscellaneous</title> 0271 <para>The <guilabel>Miscellaneous</guilabel> page tells you other information about the current element, 0272 including when it was discovered and the origin of the name.</para> 0273 <screenshot> 0274 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0275 <mediaobject> 0276 <imageobject> 0277 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_misc.png" format="PNG"/> 0278 </imageobject> 0279 <textobject> 0280 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0281 </textobject> 0282 <caption><para></para> 0283 </caption> 0284 </mediaobject> 0285 </screenshot> 0286 </sect2> 0287 <sect2 id="infodialog_spectrum"> 0288 <title>Spectrum</title> 0289 <para>The <guilabel>Spectrum</guilabel> page shows you elements spectrum. You can choose the range of the wavelengths, units and type of the spectrum. The intensity table can be seen at the right bottom part of the page.</para> 0290 <screenshot> 0291 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0292 <mediaobject> 0293 <imageobject> 0294 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_spectrum.png" format="PNG"/> 0295 </imageobject> 0296 <textobject> 0297 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0298 </textobject> 0299 <caption><para></para> 0300 </caption> 0301 </mediaobject> 0302 </screenshot> 0303 </sect2> 0304 <sect2 id="infodialog_extra"> 0305 <title>Extra Information</title> 0306 <para>The <guilabel>Extra information</guilabel> page gives you the links to the element pages on Wikipedia, <ulink url="https://education.jlab.org/">Jefferson Lab</ulink>, and <ulink url="https://www.webelements.com/">WebElements</ulink>.</para> 0307 <screenshot> 0308 <screeninfo>&kalzium; information dialog</screeninfo> 0309 <mediaobject> 0310 <imageobject> 0311 <imagedata fileref="infodialog_extra.png" format="PNG"/> 0312 </imageobject> 0313 <textobject> 0314 <phrase>&kalzium; information dialog</phrase> 0315 </textobject> 0316 <caption><para></para> 0317 </caption> 0318 </mediaobject> 0319 </screenshot> 0320 </sect2> 0321 </sect1> 0322 <sect1 id="tables_view"> 0323 <title>Tables</title> 0324 0325 <para>The periodic table can be presented in various ways. You can switch the table view from <guimenu>View</guimenu> menu or toolbar drop-down list.</para> 0326 0327 <para>The following options in the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Tables</guisubmenu></menuchoice> menu can be used to change the table shown: 0328 <variablelist> 0329 <varlistentry> 0330 <term>Classic Periodic Table</term> 0331 <listitem> 0332 <para> 0333 <action>Display</action> the classic periodic table with all elements. 0334 </para> 0335 </listitem> 0336 </varlistentry> 0337 <varlistentry> 0338 <term>Short Periodic Table</term> 0339 <listitem> 0340 <para> 0341 <action>Display</action> a periodic table without transition elements. 0342 </para> 0343 </listitem> 0344 </varlistentry> 0345 <varlistentry> 0346 <term>Long Periodic Table</term> 0347 <listitem> 0348 <para> 0349 <action>Display</action> a periodic table with inner transition elements (f-elements) embedded. 0350 </para> 0351 </listitem> 0352 </varlistentry> 0353 <varlistentry> 0354 <term>Transition Elements</term> 0355 <listitem> 0356 <para> 0357 <action>Display</action> a periodic table only with transition elements. 0358 </para> 0359 </listitem> 0360 </varlistentry> 0361 <varlistentry> 0362 <term>DZ Periodic Table</term> 0363 <listitem> 0364 <para> 0365 This item represents the table the DZ <foreignphrase lang="de">Deutscher Zentralausschuss</foreignphrase> "German Central Committee" suggests. 0366 </para> 0367 </listitem> 0368 </varlistentry> 0369 </variablelist> 0370 </para> 0371 0372 </sect1> 0373 <sect1 id="numeration"> 0374 <title>Numeration</title> 0375 0376 <para>The numeration is the way of numbering the 18 groups of the periodic table. You can change the numeration to 0377 <guilabel>IUPAC</guilabel>, <guilabel>old IUPAC</guilabel> or 0378 <guilabel>CAS</guilabel>, or you can switch it off entirely.</para> 0379 0380 <para>The following options in the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Numeration</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu can be used to change the numeration shown: 0381 <itemizedlist> 0382 <listitem><para> 0383 <guimenuitem>No Numeration</guimenuitem>: if this option is active, no period-numeration will be 0384 in effect.</para></listitem> 0385 <listitem><para> 0386 <guimenuitem>IUPAC</guimenuitem> (default) is the <firstterm>International 0387 Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</firstterm>. This is an 0388 organization which defines most of the standards for chemical 0389 concerns. The new IUPAC system numbers each column with Arabic numbers from 1 (one) through 18 (eighteen). 0390 </para></listitem> 0391 <listitem><para> 0392 <guimenuitem>CAS</guimenuitem> is the <firstterm>Chemical Abstracts 0393 Service</firstterm>. In the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). Though the <acronym>IUPAC</acronym> numeration 0394 is the official, the <acronym>CAS</acronym> numeration is what is still 0395 used in classrooms and laboratories.</para></listitem> 0396 <listitem><para> 0397 The <guimenuitem>Old IUPAC</guimenuitem> system labeled columns with Roman numerals followed by either the letter <quote>A</quote> or <quote>B</quote>. Columns were numbered such that columns one through seven were numbered <quote>IA</quote> through <quote>VIIA</quote>, columns 8 through 10 were labeled <quote>VIIIA</quote>, columns 11 through 17 were numbered <quote>IB</quote> through <quote>VIIB</quote> and column 18 was numbered <quote>VIII</quote>. Because of the confusion the old IUPAC and the CAS system created, the IUPAC adopted their new system. 0398 </para></listitem> 0399 </itemizedlist> 0400 </para> 0401 0402 </sect1> 0403 0404 <sect1 id="colors"> 0405 <title>Color schemes</title> 0406 0407 <para>&kalzium; can show you which elements are where with regard to their Periodic <quote>block</quote> and <quote>group</quote>, their behavior with acid and which state of matter (&ie; solid/liquid/vapor) they are in at a given temperature.</para> 0408 <para>Color schemes can be changed in the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Scheme</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu, toolbar drop-down list, or <link linkend="view_tab">View</link> tab of the Sidebar.</para> 0409 <itemizedlist> 0410 <listitem><para> 0411 <guimenuitem>Monochrome</guimenuitem>: all the elements have the same color. You can change the default color by choosing <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu><guimenuitem>Configure &kalzium;...</guimenuitem> 0412 </menuchoice> and going to the <guilabel>Schemes</guilabel> page. 0413 </para></listitem> 0414 <listitem><para> 0415 <guimenuitem>Blocks</guimenuitem>: displays a color for each block. 0416 </para></listitem> 0417 <listitem><para> 0418 <guimenuitem>Iconic</guimenuitem>: displays icons for each element. 0419 </para></listitem> 0420 <listitem><para> 0421 <guimenuitem>Family</guimenuitem>: represents each of the nine families with a color. 0422 </para></listitem> 0423 <listitem><para> 0424 <guimenuitem>Groups</guimenuitem>: displays a color for each group. A group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table. Elements in a group have similar configurations of their valence shell electrons, which gives them similar properties. 0425 </para></listitem> 0426 <listitem><para> 0427 <guimenuitem>Colors</guimenuitem>: Nice colors without meaning. (From the <ulink url="https://openbabel.org/wiki/Main_Page">Open Babel</ulink> project). 0428 </para></listitem> 0429 </itemizedlist> 0430 </sect1> 0431 <sect1 id="gradients"> 0432 <title>Gradients</title> 0433 <para>The gradient views displays the elements according to a property you can select below and with a gradient colored scheme. The elements for which the data is not available are displayed in gray.</para> 0434 <para>Gradients can be changed in the <menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Gradients</guimenuitem></menuchoice> menu, toolbar drop-down list, or <link linkend="view_tab">View</link> tab of the Sidebar.</para> 0435 <screenshot> 0436 <screeninfo>Gradient for Covalent Radius</screeninfo> 0437 <mediaobject> 0438 <imageobject> 0439 <imagedata fileref="gradient.png" format="PNG"/> 0440 </imageobject> 0441 <textobject> 0442 <phrase>Gradient for Covalent Radius</phrase> 0443 </textobject> 0444 </mediaobject> 0445 </screenshot> 0446 <para>Implemented are the following gradients (some listed items are clickable):</para> 0447 <itemizedlist> 0448 <listitem><para> 0449 <guimenuitem>None</guimenuitem>: do not use gradients. 0450 </para></listitem> 0451 <listitem><para> 0452 <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter"><guimenuitem>State of matter</guimenuitem></ulink> 0453 </para></listitem> 0454 <listitem><para> 0455 <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_Radius"><guimenuitem>Covalent Radius</guimenuitem></ulink> 0456 </para></listitem> 0457 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius"><guimenuitem>Van der Waals</guimenuitem></ulink>: gradient by van der Waals radius. 0458 </para></listitem> 0459 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_Mass"><guimenuitem>Atomic Mass</guimenuitem></ulink> 0460 </para></listitem> 0461 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_Point"><guimenuitem>Boiling Point</guimenuitem></ulink> 0462 </para></listitem> 0463 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_Point"><guimenuitem>Melting Point</guimenuitem></ulink> 0464 </para></listitem> 0465 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity"><guimenuitem>Electronegativity (Pauling)</guimenuitem></ulink> 0466 </para></listitem> 0467 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity"><guimenuitem>Electronaffinity</guimenuitem></ulink> 0468 </para></listitem> 0469 <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Discovery date</guimenuitem> 0470 </para></listitem> 0471 <listitem><para><ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy"><guimenuitem>First Ionization</guimenuitem></ulink> 0472 </para></listitem> 0473 </itemizedlist> 0474 </sect1> 0475 <sect1 id="tools"> 0476 <title>Tools</title> 0477 <sect2 id="mol_editor"> 0478 <title>Molecular Editor</title> 0479 <para> 0480 The Molecular Editor allows you to view and edit molecules using <ulink url="https://avogadro.cc">Avogadro 2</ulink> libraries. 0481 </para> 0482 <para> 0483 Using the control panel on the left, you can change the view parameters, edit molecule, or measure molecules. There are three tabs on this panel: <guilabel>Display</guilabel>, <guilabel>Edit</guilabel>, and <guilabel>Measure</guilabel>. At the top of the window, there is a control to select the viewer <guilabel>Style:</guilabel> (can be <guimenuitem>Ball and Stick</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Licorice</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Van der Waals</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Van der Waals (AO)</guimenuitem> (<abbrev>AO</abbrev> means <quote>Ambient Occlusion</quote>), or <guimenuitem>Wireframe</guimenuitem>). The buttons along the bottom of the window can be used to <guibutton>Load Molecule</guibutton>, <guibutton>Download New Molecules</guibutton>, <guibutton>Save Molecule</guibutton>, and <guibutton>Close</guibutton> the window. The downloaded files will be saved in your <filename class="directory">Documents</filename> folder from where you can load them into the editor. 0484 </para> 0485 <para> 0486 <guilabel>Statistics</guilabel> pane shows name (if available), formula, and weight of the molecule. 0487 </para> 0488 <para> 0489 The <guilabel>Display</guilabel> tab can be used to view a loaded molecule. By pressing the mouse pointer in the view, you can change the view point. Use &LMB; to rotate molecule, &RMB; to move it, and &MMB; to zoom. 0490 </para> 0491 <para> 0492 The <guilabel>Edit</guilabel> tab allows you to edit the molecule. You can add elements by choosing them in the <guilabel>Element</guilabel> drop-down list then clicking with the &LMB; on the view panel on the right. 0493 </para> 0494 <para> 0495 The <guilabel>Measure</guilabel> tab can be used to measure distances and angles in the molecule. To make the measurement use the instructions shown on the tab. 0496 </para> 0497 <screenshot> 0498 <mediaobject> 0499 <imageobject> 0500 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-mol-edit.png" format="PNG"/> 0501 </imageobject> 0502 <textobject> 0503 <phrase>the <quote>Molecular Editor</quote></phrase> 0504 </textobject> 0505 </mediaobject> 0506 </screenshot> 0507 </sect2> 0508 <sect2 id="nuclid_board"> 0509 <title>Isotope Table</title> 0510 <para> 0511 The <guilabel>Isotope Table</guilabel> shows you the isotopes of the elements. 0512 </para> 0513 <para> 0514 There are different kinds of isotopes, some are stable, some are not. The unstable isotopes can decay as alpha-rays are two different beta-rays. These differences are encoded by using different colors. 0515 </para> 0516 <screenshot> 0517 <mediaobject> 0518 <imageobject> 0519 <imagedata fileref="screenshotnuclidboard.png" format="PNG"/> 0520 </imageobject> 0521 <textobject> 0522 <phrase>the <quote>Isotope Table</quote> window</phrase> 0523 </textobject> 0524 <caption><para>&kalzium; can display the isotopes of a range of elements</para> 0525 </caption> 0526 </mediaobject> 0527 </screenshot> 0528 </sect2> 0529 <sect2 id="plot_data"> 0530 <title>Plot Data</title> 0531 <para> 0532 The <guilabel>Plot Data</guilabel> dialog allows you to plot some information about elements. The X-axis represents a range of elements (from one number to a higher number). You set this range using the <guilabel>First element:</guilabel> and <guilabel>Last element:</guilabel> fields on the dialog. Click the <inlinemediaobject> <imageobject> <imagedata fileref="swap-panels.png" format="PNG"/> </imageobject> </inlinemediaobject> <guibutton>Swap</guibutton> button between the axis panes to swap X and Y axes. 0533 </para> 0534 <screenshot> 0535 <mediaobject> 0536 <imageobject> 0537 <imagedata fileref="quick-3.png" format="PNG"/> 0538 </imageobject> 0539 <textobject> 0540 <phrase>the <quote>Plot Data</quote> Dialog</phrase> 0541 </textobject> 0542 <caption><para>&kalzium; can plot some data about a range of elements.</para> 0543 </caption> 0544 </mediaobject> 0545 </screenshot> 0546 </sect2> 0547 <sect2 id="perf_calculation"> 0548 <title>Perform Calculation</title> 0549 <para> 0550 The <guimenuitem>Perform Calculation...</guimenuitem> is the &kalzium; calculator. This calculator contains a variety of calculators for different tasks performing different calculations. 0551 </para> 0552 <para> 0553 You can find the following calculators in &kalzium;: 0554 </para> 0555 <variablelist> 0556 <varlistentry> 0557 <term>Molecular mass calculator</term> 0558 <listitem> 0559 <para> 0560 This calculator helps you calculate the molecular masses of different molecules. 0561 </para> 0562 <para> 0563 You can specify short form of the molecule names add more such aliases. 0564 </para> 0565 <screenshot> 0566 <mediaobject> 0567 <imageobject> 0568 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-mass.png" format="PNG"/> 0569 </imageobject> 0570 <textobject> 0571 <phrase>the <quote>Molecular mass calculator</quote> dialog</phrase> 0572 </textobject> 0573 <caption><para>&kalzium; calculates molecular mass of phenol.</para> 0574 </caption> 0575 </mediaobject> 0576 </screenshot> 0577 </listitem> 0578 </varlistentry> 0579 <varlistentry> 0580 <term>Concentrations calculator</term> 0581 <listitem> 0582 <para> 0583 You can calculate quantities which include: 0584 </para> 0585 <itemizedlist> 0586 <listitem> 0587 <para> 0588 Amount of solute 0589 </para> 0590 </listitem> 0591 <listitem> 0592 <para> 0593 Density of solvent 0594 </para> 0595 </listitem> 0596 <listitem> 0597 <para> 0598 Density of solute 0599 </para> 0600 </listitem> 0601 </itemizedlist> 0602 <para> 0603 There are a wide range of units to choose from and different methods to specify quantities. 0604 </para> 0605 <screenshot> 0606 <mediaobject> 0607 <imageobject> 0608 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-conc.png" format="PNG"/> 0609 </imageobject> 0610 <textobject> 0611 <phrase>the <quote>Concentrations calculator</quote> dialog</phrase> 0612 </textobject> 0613 <caption><para>&kalzium; calculates solution parameters.</para> 0614 </caption> 0615 </mediaobject> 0616 </screenshot> 0617 </listitem> 0618 </varlistentry> 0619 <varlistentry> 0620 <term>Nuclear calculator</term> 0621 <listitem> 0622 <para> 0623 This calculator makes use of the nuclear data available in &kalzium; to predict the expected masses of a material after time. 0624 </para> 0625 <screenshot> 0626 <mediaobject> 0627 <imageobject> 0628 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-nucl.png" format="PNG"/> 0629 </imageobject> 0630 <textobject> 0631 <phrase>the <quote>Nuclear calculator</quote> dialog</phrase> 0632 </textobject> 0633 <caption><para>&kalzium; calculates parameters of uranium decay.</para> 0634 </caption> 0635 </mediaobject> 0636 </screenshot> 0637 </listitem> 0638 </varlistentry> 0639 <varlistentry> 0640 <term>Gas calculator</term> 0641 <listitem> 0642 <para> 0643 This calculator can calculate the values of Temperature, pressure, volume, amount of gas &etc; for various ideal as well as non-ideal gases. 0644 </para> 0645 <screenshot> 0646 <mediaobject> 0647 <imageobject> 0648 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-gas.png" format="PNG"/> 0649 </imageobject> 0650 <textobject> 0651 <phrase>the <quote>Gas calculator</quote> dialog</phrase> 0652 </textobject> 0653 <caption><para>&kalzium; calculates gas parameters.</para> 0654 </caption> 0655 </mediaobject> 0656 </screenshot> 0657 </listitem> 0658 </varlistentry> 0659 <varlistentry> 0660 <term>Titration calculator</term> 0661 <listitem> 0662 <para> 0663 This calculator tries to find out the equivalence point of a pH-meter followed titration best fitting it with an hyperbolic tangent. You can also let it solve an equilibrium system of equations and see how the concentration of a species changes in function of another one. 0664 </para> 0665 <para> 0666 There are two tabs on the calculator page, namely: 0667 </para> 0668 <variablelist> 0669 <varlistentry> 0670 <term><guilabel>Experimental values</guilabel></term> 0671 <listitem> 0672 <para> 0673 You can use this calculator to draw the plot of your experimental data obtained during a titration and find out the volume of equivalence. It's strongly recommended to insert a even number of points, because of the best fit algorithm, sorted by volume (the <guilabel>X axis:</guilabel> value). 0674 </para> 0675 </listitem> 0676 </varlistentry> 0677 <varlistentry> 0678 <term><guilabel>Theoretical Equations</guilabel></term> 0679 <listitem> 0680 <para> 0681 Here you can fill the table with the equations you have previously obtained for the chemical equilibrium. 0682 </para> 0683 <para> 0684 For example, if you have this reaction <emphasis>A + B -> C + D</emphasis> then you will have the equation <emphasis>K=(C*D)/(A*B)</emphasis> so you must write <userinput>K</userinput> in the <guilabel>Parameter</guilabel> column and <userinput>(C*D)/(A*B)</userinput> in the <guilabel>Value</guilabel> column. If you want to assign a known value to a parameter you can simply write the numeric value in the <guilabel>Value</guilabel> field. 0685 </para> 0686 <para> 0687 For example, you can use the system 0688 </para> 0689 <para> 0690 <userinput>A=(C*D)/(B*K)</userinput> 0691 </para> 0692 <para> 0693 <userinput>K=10^-3</userinput> 0694 </para> 0695 <para> 0696 <userinput>C=OH</userinput> 0697 </para> 0698 <para> 0699 <userinput>OH=(10^-14)/H</userinput> 0700 </para> 0701 <para> 0702 <userinput>H=10^-4</userinput> 0703 </para> 0704 <para> 0705 <userinput>B=6*(10^-2)</userinput> 0706 </para> 0707 <para> 0708 Then you have to write <userinput>D</userinput> as <guilabel>X axis:</guilabel> and <userinput>A</userinput> as <guilabel>Y axis:</guilabel>: so you will find out how the concentration of A changes as a function of D concentration. 0709 </para> 0710 <note> 0711 <para> 0712 Please don't use parenthesis for exponents: <userinput>10^-3</userinput> is correct, while <userinput>10^(-3)</userinput> is wrong. 0713 </para> 0714 </note> 0715 </listitem> 0716 </varlistentry> 0717 </variablelist> 0718 <para> 0719 The results can be visualized by pressing <guibutton>Draw Plot</guibutton> button. The plot shows in red the curve that comes from theoretical equations, in blue the experimental points, and in green the approximated curve for experimental points. You can save the plot as &SVG; image. 0720 </para> 0721 <screenshot> 0722 <mediaobject> 0723 <imageobject> 0724 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-titr.png" format="PNG"/> 0725 </imageobject> 0726 <textobject> 0727 <phrase>the <quote>Titration calculator</quote> dialog</phrase> 0728 </textobject> 0729 <caption><para>Predefined example of titration results.</para> 0730 </caption> 0731 </mediaobject> 0732 </screenshot> 0733 </listitem> 0734 </varlistentry> 0735 <varlistentry> 0736 <term>Equation Balancer</term> 0737 <listitem> 0738 <para> 0739 The <guilabel>Equation Balancer</guilabel> enables the user to solve chemical equations. This is an example: 0740 </para> 0741 <blockquote><para>aH2O + bCO2 -> cH2CO3</para></blockquote> 0742 <para> 0743 The computed equation will be displayed on the top of the window. As you can see in the first example you can also define the value of one or more coefficients. The other coefficients will be adjusted. Furthermore, it is possible to use brackets around elements or electronic charges as shown in the last two examples. 0744 </para> 0745 <screenshot> 0746 <mediaobject> 0747 <imageobject> 0748 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-calc-eq.png" format="PNG"/> 0749 </imageobject> 0750 <textobject> 0751 <phrase>the <quote>Equation Balancer</quote> dialog</phrase> 0752 </textobject> 0753 <caption><para>&kalzium; calculates equation balance.</para> 0754 </caption> 0755 </mediaobject> 0756 </screenshot> 0757 </listitem> 0758 </varlistentry> 0759 </variablelist> 0760 </sect2> 0761 <sect2 id="rs_phrases"> 0762 <title>Risk/Security Phrases</title> 0763 <para>The <guilabel>R/S Phrases</guilabel>, also known as Risk and Safety Statements, R/S statements, R/S numbers, and R/S sentences, 0764 is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. The R/S phrase of a compound 0765 consists of a risk part (R) and a safety part (S), each followed by a combination of numbers. Each number corresponds 0766 to a phrase. The phrase corresponding to the letter/number combination has the same meaning in different languages. 0767 </para> 0768 <screenshot> 0769 <mediaobject> 0770 <imageobject> 0771 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-rs-phrases.png" format="PNG"/> 0772 </imageobject> 0773 <textobject> 0774 <phrase>the <quote>R/S Phrases</quote> window</phrase> 0775 </textobject> 0776 <caption><para>&kalzium; can display Risk/Security Phrases</para> 0777 </caption> 0778 </mediaobject> 0779 </screenshot> 0780 </sect2> 0781 <sect2 id="glossary"> 0782 <title>Glossary</title> 0783 <para>The <guilabel>Glossary</guilabel> gives you definitions of the most used tools in chemistry as well as some knowledge data. On the left side of the windows you can see the tree of items. On top, there are chemical terms, below that there is a second tree of laboratory-tools.</para> 0784 <para>On the top of the widget you can see a searchbar. If you type in the bar the trees will be adjusted immediately. The small button in the right end of the searchbar will clear it. 0785 </para> 0786 <screenshot> 0787 <mediaobject> 0788 <imageobject> 0789 <imagedata fileref="screenshot7.png" format="PNG"/> 0790 </imageobject> 0791 <textobject> 0792 <phrase>the <quote>Glossary</quote></phrase> 0793 </textobject> 0794 </mediaobject> 0795 </screenshot> 0796 </sect2> 0797 <sect2 id="tables"> 0798 <title>Tables</title> 0799 <para>The <guilabel>Tables</guilabel> shows you the tables for Greek alphabet which is used to denote some chemical and physical entities, and for Latin prefixes and Roman numbers which correspond to common Arabic numbers.</para> 0800 <screenshot> 0801 <mediaobject> 0802 <imageobject> 0803 <imagedata fileref="screenshot-tables.png" format="PNG"/> 0804 </imageobject> 0805 <textobject> 0806 <phrase>the <quote>Tables</quote> window</phrase> 0807 </textobject> 0808 </mediaobject> 0809 </screenshot> 0810 </sect2> 0811 <sect2 id="sidebar"> 0812 <title>Sidebar</title> 0813 <sect3 id="overview"> 0814 <title>Overview</title> 0815 <screenshot> 0816 <mediaobject> 0817 <imageobject> 0818 <imagedata fileref="sidebar1.png" format="PNG"/> 0819 </imageobject> 0820 <textobject> 0821 <phrase>Overview</phrase> 0822 </textobject> 0823 </mediaobject> 0824 </screenshot> 0825 <para>The <guilabel>Overview</guilabel> tab is the first one and it shows you an overview of the element the mouse is over.</para> 0826 0827 </sect3> 0828 <sect3 id="view_tab"> 0829 <title>View</title> 0830 0831 <para>The <guilabel>View</guilabel> tab is the second in the navigation panel.</para> 0832 <para>You are first presented with the following icons and text:</para> 0833 <screenshot> 0834 <mediaobject> 0835 <imageobject> 0836 <imagedata fileref="screenshot2.png" format="PNG"/> 0837 </imageobject> 0838 <textobject> 0839 <phrase>the <quote>State of Matter</quote> Dialog</phrase> 0840 </textobject> 0841 <caption><para>&kalzium; can show you which elements are 0842 solid/liquid/vaporous at a given temperature.</para> 0843 </caption> 0844 </mediaobject> 0845 </screenshot> 0846 0847 <para> 0848 The <guilabel>View</guilabel> tab can be used to filter PSE. For example, this feature allows you to explore the elements of the set time period. This is great for getting a feel for how the PSE evolved over time, as more and more elements were discovered. Choose <guimenuitem>Discovery date</guimenuitem> from <guilabel>Gradient:</guilabel> list. If you move the slider you will notice that color of some elements disappear if you move it to the left and reappear if you move it to the right. Furthermore the number will change constantly. 0849 </para> 0850 0851 <para> 0852 The number represents the date you are looking at. If you move the slider to ⪚ 1856 you will only see the elements which where known in the year 1856. 0853 </para> 0854 0855 <screenshot> 0856 <mediaobject> 0857 <imageobject> 0858 <imagedata fileref="screenshot6.png" format="PNG"/> 0859 </imageobject> 0860 <textobject> 0861 <phrase>the <quote>Discovery date</quote> gradient</phrase> 0862 </textobject> 0863 <caption><para>The PSE back in time (elements known in 1856)</para> 0864 </caption> 0865 </mediaobject> 0866 </screenshot> 0867 </sect3> 0868 0869 </sect2> 0870 </sect1> 0871 </chapter> 0872 0873 <chapter id="config"> 0874 <title>Configuring &kalzium;</title> 0875 0876 <para> 0877 &kalzium; has many configuration options, which you can access by opening 0878 the configuration dialog by selecting <menuchoice> <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> 0879 <guimenuitem>Configure &kalzium;...</guimenuitem> </menuchoice> from the menu.</para> 0880 0881 <screenshot> 0882 <screeninfo>Configure &kalzium; Dialog</screeninfo> 0883 <mediaobject> 0884 <imageobject> 0885 <imagedata fileref="settings1.png" format="PNG"/> 0886 </imageobject> 0887 <textobject> 0888 <phrase>Schemes</phrase> 0889 </textobject> 0890 </mediaobject> 0891 </screenshot> 0892 <para>In the <guilabel>Schemes</guilabel> tab, you can change the different 0893 colors for each scheme. 0894 </para> 0895 <screenshot> 0896 <screeninfo>Configure &kalzium; Dialog</screeninfo> 0897 <mediaobject> 0898 <imageobject> 0899 <imagedata fileref="settings2.png" format="PNG"/> 0900 </imageobject> 0901 <textobject> 0902 <phrase>Gradients</phrase> 0903 </textobject> 0904 </mediaobject> 0905 </screenshot> 0906 <para>Instead of using a linear gradient to display the given property of an element in the periodic table, &kalzium; can also use a logarithmic gradient.</para> 0907 <para>In the <guilabel>Gradients</guilabel> tab, you can check the properties you want to have displayed with a logarithmic gradient.</para> 0908 <para>You can also choose <guilabel>Maximal Value Color:</guilabel> and <guilabel>Minimal Value Color:</guilabel> for the gradient.</para> 0909 <screenshot> 0910 <screeninfo>Configure &kalzium; Dialog</screeninfo> 0911 <mediaobject> 0912 <imageobject> 0913 <imagedata fileref="settings3.png" format="PNG"/> 0914 </imageobject> 0915 <textobject> 0916 <phrase>Units</phrase> 0917 </textobject> 0918 </mediaobject> 0919 </screenshot> 0920 <para>In the <guilabel>Units</guilabel> tab, you can 0921 choose the units for energy, length and temperature. You can select if you prefer electronvolts (eV), kilojoule 0922 per mole (kJ/mol), joule per mole (J/mol) or joules (J) by default. 0923 For length set picometers (pm), nanometers (nm) or Ångström (Å) as default. 0924 The temperature is in kelvin by default but you can change to Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) and Réaumur (°Ré). 0925 </para> 0926 <screenshot> 0927 <screeninfo>Configure &kalzium; Dialog</screeninfo> 0928 <mediaobject> 0929 <imageobject> 0930 <imagedata fileref="settings4.png" format="PNG"/> 0931 </imageobject> 0932 <textobject> 0933 <phrase>Calculator</phrase> 0934 </textobject> 0935 </mediaobject> 0936 </screenshot> 0937 <para>Using the <guilabel>Calculator</guilabel> page, you can configure &kalzium; calculators. 0938 </para> 0939 0940 </chapter> 0941 0942 <chapter id="commands"> 0943 <title>Command Reference</title> 0944 0945 <sect1 id="kalzium-mainwindow"> 0946 <title>Menus and shortcut keys</title> 0947 0948 <sect2> 0949 <title>The File Menu</title> 0950 <variablelist> 0951 <varlistentry> 0952 <term><menuchoice> 0953 <shortcut> 0954 <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;&Shift;<keycap>S</keycap></keycombo> 0955 </shortcut> 0956 <guimenu>File</guimenu> 0957 <guimenuitem>Save As...</guimenuitem> 0958 </menuchoice></term> 0959 <listitem><para><action>Save</action> &kalzium;'s table as image.</para></listitem> 0960 </varlistentry> 0961 <varlistentry> 0962 <term><menuchoice> 0963 <guimenu>File</guimenu> 0964 <guimenuitem>Export Data...</guimenuitem> 0965 </menuchoice></term> 0966 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> a dialog where you can select <guilabel>Elements</guilabel> 0967 and their <guilabel>Properties</guilabel> to export them to a &HTML;, &XML;, or CSV file.</para></listitem> 0968 </varlistentry> 0969 <varlistentry> 0970 <term><menuchoice> 0971 <guimenu>File</guimenu> 0972 <guimenuitem>Convert chemical files...</guimenuitem> 0973 </menuchoice></term> 0974 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> a dialog to import and export a wide range of chemical file formats and data types with the <ulink url="https://openbabel.org/wiki/Main_Page">Open Babel library</ulink>.</para></listitem> 0975 </varlistentry> 0976 <varlistentry> 0977 <term><menuchoice> 0978 <shortcut> 0979 <keycombo action="simul">&Ctrl;<keycap>Q</keycap></keycombo> 0980 </shortcut> 0981 <guimenu>File</guimenu> 0982 <guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem> 0983 </menuchoice></term> 0984 <listitem><para><action>Quits</action> &kalzium;.</para></listitem> 0985 </varlistentry> 0986 </variablelist> 0987 0988 </sect2> 0989 0990 <sect2> 0991 <title>The View Menu</title> 0992 <variablelist> 0993 <varlistentry> 0994 <term><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Tables</guisubmenu></menuchoice></term> 0995 <listitem><para><action>Display a submenu</action> with different periodic tables. The available options are: 0996 <variablelist> 0997 <varlistentry> 0998 <term><guimenuitem>Classic Periodic Table</guimenuitem></term> 0999 <listitem><para><action>Display the classic periodic table with all elements.</action></para></listitem> 1000 </varlistentry> 1001 <varlistentry> 1002 <term><guimenuitem>Short Periodic Table</guimenuitem></term> 1003 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> a periodic table without transition elements.</para></listitem> 1004 </varlistentry> 1005 <varlistentry> 1006 <term><guimenuitem>Long Periodic Table</guimenuitem></term> 1007 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> a periodic table with inner transition elements (f-elements) embedded.</para></listitem> 1008 </varlistentry> 1009 <varlistentry> 1010 <term><guimenuitem>Transition Elements</guimenuitem></term> 1011 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> a periodic table only with transition elements.</para></listitem> 1012 </varlistentry> 1013 <varlistentry> 1014 <term><guimenuitem>DZ Periodic Table</guimenuitem></term> 1015 <listitem><para>This item represents the table the DZ <foreignphrase lang="de">Deutscher Zentralausschuss</foreignphrase> 1016 <quote>German Central Committee</quote> suggests.</para></listitem> 1017 </varlistentry> 1018 </variablelist></para></listitem> 1019 </varlistentry> 1020 1021 <varlistentry> 1022 <term><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Numeration</guisubmenu></menuchoice></term> 1023 <listitem><para><action>Display a submenu</action> with different numeration modes. The available options are: 1024 <variablelist> 1025 <varlistentry> 1026 <term><guimenuitem>No Numeration</guimenuitem></term> 1027 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> no numeration scheme.</para></listitem> 1028 </varlistentry> 1029 <varlistentry> 1030 <term><guimenuitem>IUPAC</guimenuitem></term> 1031 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the IUPAC numeration.</para></listitem> 1032 </varlistentry> 1033 <varlistentry> 1034 <term><guimenuitem>CAS</guimenuitem></term> 1035 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the CAS numeration.</para></listitem> 1036 </varlistentry> 1037 <varlistentry> 1038 <term><guimenuitem>Old IUPAC</guimenuitem></term> 1039 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the Old IUPAC numeration.</para></listitem> 1040 </varlistentry> 1041 </variablelist></para></listitem> 1042 </varlistentry> 1043 1044 <varlistentry> 1045 <term><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Scheme</guisubmenu></menuchoice></term> 1046 <listitem><para><action>Display a submenu</action> with different schemes. The available options are: 1047 <variablelist> 1048 <varlistentry> 1049 <term><guimenuitem>Monochrome</guimenuitem></term> 1050 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> all elements with one background color.</para></listitem> 1051 </varlistentry> 1052 <varlistentry> 1053 <term><guimenuitem>Blocks</guimenuitem></term> 1054 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the four blocks of elements.</para></listitem> 1055 </varlistentry> 1056 <varlistentry> 1057 <term><guimenuitem>Iconic</guimenuitem></term> 1058 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> icons for each element.</para></listitem> 1059 </varlistentry> 1060 <varlistentry> 1061 <term><guimenuitem>Family</guimenuitem></term> 1062 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the families of elements.</para></listitem> 1063 </varlistentry> 1064 <varlistentry> 1065 <term><guimenuitem>Groups</guimenuitem></term> 1066 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the groups of elements.</para></listitem> 1067 </varlistentry> 1068 <varlistentry> 1069 <term><guimenuitem>Colors</guimenuitem></term> 1070 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the colors of elements.</para></listitem> 1071 </varlistentry> 1072 </variablelist></para></listitem> 1073 </varlistentry> 1074 1075 <varlistentry> 1076 <term><menuchoice><guimenu>View</guimenu><guisubmenu>Gradients</guisubmenu></menuchoice></term> 1077 <listitem><para><action>Display a submenu</action> with different gradients. The available options are: 1078 <variablelist> 1079 <varlistentry> 1080 <term><guimenuitem>None</guimenuitem></term> 1081 <listitem><para><action>Disable</action> any gradient for the table.</para></listitem> 1082 </varlistentry> 1083 <varlistentry> 1084 <term><guimenuitem>State of matter</guimenuitem></term> 1085 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' state of matter.</para></listitem> 1086 </varlistentry> 1087 <varlistentry> 1088 <term><guimenuitem>Covalent Radius</guimenuitem></term> 1089 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' covalent radius.</para></listitem> 1090 </varlistentry> 1091 <varlistentry> 1092 <term><guimenuitem>Van der Waals</guimenuitem></term> 1093 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' van der Waals radius.</para></listitem> 1094 </varlistentry> 1095 <varlistentry> 1096 <term><guimenuitem>Atomic Mass</guimenuitem></term> 1097 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' atomic mass.</para></listitem> 1098 </varlistentry> 1099 <varlistentry> 1100 <term><guimenuitem>Boiling Point</guimenuitem></term> 1101 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' boiling point.</para></listitem> 1102 </varlistentry> 1103 <varlistentry> 1104 <term><guimenuitem>Melting Point</guimenuitem></term> 1105 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' melting point.</para></listitem> 1106 </varlistentry> 1107 <varlistentry> 1108 <term><guimenuitem>Electronegativity (Pauling)</guimenuitem></term> 1109 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' electronegativity.</para></listitem> 1110 </varlistentry> 1111 <varlistentry> 1112 <term><guimenuitem>Electronaffinity</guimenuitem></term> 1113 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' electron affinity.</para></listitem> 1114 </varlistentry> 1115 <varlistentry> 1116 <term><guimenuitem>Discovery date</guimenuitem></term> 1117 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the discovery date of each element with different 1118 background colors for each century.</para></listitem> 1119 </varlistentry> 1120 <varlistentry> 1121 <term><guimenuitem>First Ionization</guimenuitem></term> 1122 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> the elements' energy of first ionization.</para></listitem> 1123 </varlistentry> 1124 </variablelist></para></listitem> 1125 </varlistentry> 1126 1127 <varlistentry> 1128 <term><menuchoice> 1129 <guimenu>View</guimenu> 1130 <guimenuitem>Legend</guimenuitem> 1131 </menuchoice></term> 1132 <listitem><para><action>Toggle</action> the legend view. Allows you to display the legend for the scheme you are in (Groups, Family, Blocks). The legend is displayed by default but if you hide it, it will stay hidden until you choose to show it. &kalzium; will keep this setting in its configuration file, so that the next time you run it, the setting will be as you left it.</para></listitem> 1133 </varlistentry> 1134 <varlistentry> 1135 <term><menuchoice> 1136 <guimenu>View</guimenu> 1137 <guimenuitem>Information</guimenuitem> 1138 </menuchoice></term> 1139 <listitem><para><action>Toggle</action> the Sidebar.</para></listitem> 1140 </varlistentry> 1141 <varlistentry> 1142 <term><menuchoice> 1143 <guimenu>View</guimenu> 1144 <guimenuitem>Table Information</guimenuitem> 1145 </menuchoice></term> 1146 <listitem><para><action>Toggle</action> the Table Information view.</para></listitem> 1147 </varlistentry> 1148 1149 </variablelist> 1150 1151 </sect2> 1152 1153 1154 <sect2> 1155 <title>The Tools Menu</title> 1156 <variablelist> 1157 <varlistentry> 1158 <term><menuchoice> 1159 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1160 <guimenuitem>Molecular Editor...</guimenuitem> 1161 </menuchoice></term> 1162 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <guilabel>Molecular Editor</guilabel> dialog.</para></listitem> 1163 </varlistentry> 1164 <varlistentry> 1165 <term><menuchoice> 1166 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1167 <guimenuitem>Isotope Table...</guimenuitem> 1168 </menuchoice></term> 1169 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <guilabel>Isotope Table</guilabel> window.</para></listitem> 1170 </varlistentry> 1171 <varlistentry> 1172 <term><menuchoice> 1173 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1174 <guimenuitem>Plot Data...</guimenuitem> 1175 </menuchoice></term> 1176 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <guilabel>Plot Data</guilabel> dialog.</para></listitem> 1177 </varlistentry> 1178 <varlistentry> 1179 <term><menuchoice> 1180 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1181 <guimenuitem>Perform Calculation...</guimenuitem> 1182 </menuchoice></term> 1183 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <link linkend="perf_calculation"><guilabel>Perform Calculation</guilabel> dialog</link>.</para></listitem> 1184 </varlistentry> 1185 <varlistentry> 1186 <term><menuchoice> 1187 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1188 <guimenuitem>R/S Phrases...</guimenuitem> 1189 </menuchoice></term> 1190 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <guilabel>Risk/Security Phrases</guilabel> dialog.</para></listitem> 1191 </varlistentry> 1192 <varlistentry> 1193 <term><menuchoice> 1194 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1195 <guimenuitem>Glossary...</guimenuitem> 1196 </menuchoice></term> 1197 <listitem><para><action>Open</action> the <guilabel>Glossary</guilabel>.</para></listitem> 1198 </varlistentry> 1199 <varlistentry> 1200 <term><menuchoice> 1201 <guimenu>Tools</guimenu> 1202 <guimenuitem>Tables...</guimenuitem> 1203 </menuchoice></term> 1204 <listitem><para><action>Display</action> a dialog with the <guilabel>Greek alphabet</guilabel> and 1205 <guilabel>Numeric Prefixes and Roman Numerals</guilabel>.</para></listitem> 1206 </varlistentry> 1207 </variablelist> 1208 1209 </sect2> 1210 1211 <sect2> 1212 <title>The Settings and Help Menu</title> 1213 <para> 1214 &kalzium; has the common &kde; <guimenu>Settings</guimenu> and <guimenu>Help</guimenu> 1215 menu items, for more information read the sections about the <ulink url="help:/fundamentals/menus.html#menus-settings" 1216 >Settings Menu</ulink> and <ulink url="help:/fundamentals/menus.html#menus-help">Help Menu</ulink> 1217 of the &kde; Fundamentals. 1218 </para> 1219 </sect2> 1220 </sect1> 1221 </chapter> 1222 1223 <chapter id="faq"> 1224 <title>Questions and Answers</title> 1225 1226 <qandaset id="faqlist"> 1227 <qandaentry> 1228 <question> 1229 <para>Will I ever have to pay for &kalzium;?</para> 1230 </question> 1231 <answer> 1232 <para>No, never. But the author always welcomes a nice mail or a 1233 &DVD; as a <quote>Thank You</quote>. &kalzium; is licensed 1234 under the <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.html#GPL">GPL</ulink>, so you will never have to pay for this program.</para> 1235 </answer> 1236 </qandaentry> 1237 1238 </qandaset> 1239 </chapter> 1240 1241 <chapter id="contribute"> 1242 <title>How can I contribute?</title> 1243 1244 <qandaset id="tasks"> 1245 <qandaentry> 1246 1247 <question> 1248 <para>Support me with data.</para> 1249 </question> 1250 1251 <answer> 1252 <para>In the world of science, the progress is quite fast. If you 1253 ever find an incorrect or missing value, please drop me 1254 an email.</para> 1255 </answer> 1256 </qandaentry> 1257 1258 <qandaentry> 1259 <question> 1260 <para>Find some bugs or give some suggestions.</para> 1261 </question> 1262 <answer> 1263 <para> 1264 If you find any bugs in the program, or have a few suggestions for 1265 improvements, please let me know at &Carsten.Niehaus.mail;. 1266 </para> 1267 </answer> 1268 1269 </qandaentry> 1270 </qandaset> 1271 </chapter> 1272 1273 <chapter id="credits"> 1274 1275 <title>Credits and License</title> 1276 <para>&kalzium;</para> 1277 <para> 1278 Program Copyright, 2001-2005 &Carsten.Niehaus; 1279 &Carsten.Niehaus.mail; 1280 </para> 1281 1282 <para> Contributors:</para> 1283 1284 <itemizedlist> 1285 <listitem><para> 1286 Pino Toscano <email>toscano.pino@tiscali.it</email> 1287 </para></listitem> 1288 </itemizedlist> 1289 1290 <!-- TRANS:CREDIT_FOR_TRANSLATORS --> 1291 1292 &underFDL; <!-- FDL: do not remove --> 1293 &underGPL; <!-- GPL License --> 1294 1295 </chapter> 1296 1297 &documentation.index; 1298 </book> 1299 <!-- 1300 Local Variables: 1301 mode: sgml 1302 sgml-minimize-attributes:nil 1303 sgml-general-insert-case:lower 1304 sgml-indent-step:0 1305 sgml-indent-data:nil 1306 End: 1307 kate: space-indent on; indent-width 2; tab-width 2; indent-mode none; 1308 // vim:ts=2:sw=2:tw=78:noet:noai 1309 -->