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 GNU Free Documentation License
 
 Version 1.2, November 2002
 
 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St,
 Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license
 document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
    0. PREAMBLE
 
 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional
 and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
 effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it,
 either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves
 for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
 being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
 
 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
 the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
 GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
 software.
 
 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software,
 because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come
 with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this
 License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual
 work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed
 book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction
 or reference.
 
    1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
 
 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains
 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under
 the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free
 license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated
 herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
 of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license
 if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
 copyright law.
 
 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
 or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated
 into another language.
 
 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
 Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
 authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters)
 and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
 (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section
 may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
 philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
 
 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated,
 as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document
 is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition
 of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document
 may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any
 Invariant Sections then there are none.
 
 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover
 Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released
 under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover
 Text may be at most 25 words.
 
 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented
 in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is
 suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors
 or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings)
 some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for
 input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
 whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
 not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
 
 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without
 markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly
 available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed
 for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG,
 XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
 edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD
 and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
 HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes
 only.
 
 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
 following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
 requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
 any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
 appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
 text.
 
 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
 either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
 translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
 name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements",
 or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
 Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
 definition.
 
 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states
 that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are
 considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards
 disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
 may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
 
    2. VERBATIM COPYING
 
 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
 or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
 the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
 in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
 this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
 reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
 you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
 enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
 
 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
 may publicly display copies.
 
    3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 
 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
 covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license
 notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry,
 clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
 cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
 and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover
 must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent
 and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying
 with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of
 the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying
 in other respects.
 
 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
 you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
 cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
 
 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
 than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
 with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network
 location from which the general network-using public has access to download
 using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the
 Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
 reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in
 quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible
 at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute
 an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition
 to the public.
 
 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document
 well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance
 to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
 
    4. MODIFICATIONS
 
 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions
 of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version
 under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of
 the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified
 Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
 things in the Modified Version:
 
 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
 that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
 there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may
 use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that
 version gives permission.
 
 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible
 for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with
 at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
 authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
 
 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version,
 as the publisher.
 
       D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 
 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
 the other copyright notices.
 
 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
 the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
 License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 
 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
 required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
 
       H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 
 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
 it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of
 the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled
 "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
 publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
 the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 
 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
 access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations
 given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be
 placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
 that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
 original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 
 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
 tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
 therein.
 
 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
 text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered
 part of the section titles.
 
 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included
 in the Modified Version.
 
 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
 conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 
       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 
 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
 qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document,
 you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant.
 To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
 Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section
 titles.
 
 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
 but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
 statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization
 as the authoritative definition of a standard.
 
 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage
 of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts
 in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover
 Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If
 the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously
 added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf
 of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 
 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
 permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement
 of any Modified Version.
 
    5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 
 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License,
 under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided
 that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of
 the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections
 of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
 Warranty Disclaimers.
 
 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
 identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
 are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
 make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
 parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
 if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
 titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined
 work.
 
 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
 various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
 combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled
 "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
 
    6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 
 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released
 under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the
 various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided
 that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
 the documents in all other respects.
 
 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
 individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
 into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
 regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 
    7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 
 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent
 documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium,
 is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is
 not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what
 the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate,
 this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are
 not themselves derivative works of the Document.
 
 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
 the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate,
 the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
 within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document
 is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
 the whole aggregate.
 
    8. TRANSLATION
 
 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations
 of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections
 with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders,
 but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
 to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation
 of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty
 Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of
 this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In
 case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of
 this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 
 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications",
 or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1)
 will typically require changing the actual title.
 
    9. TERMINATION
 
 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
 expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
 sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate
 your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
 so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
 
    10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 
 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
 Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar
 in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new
 problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 
 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
 Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or
 any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
 and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
 has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
 Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
 any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
 License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
 just after the title page:
 
 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
 modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
 Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
 License".
 
 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace
 the "with...Texts." line with this:
 
 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover
 Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 
 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination
 of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
 
 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
 releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license,
 such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.